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WO2011024224A1 - Pile à combustible - Google Patents

Pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011024224A1
WO2011024224A1 PCT/JP2009/004160 JP2009004160W WO2011024224A1 WO 2011024224 A1 WO2011024224 A1 WO 2011024224A1 JP 2009004160 W JP2009004160 W JP 2009004160W WO 2011024224 A1 WO2011024224 A1 WO 2011024224A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
opening
fuel cell
channel
throttle member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2009/004160
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佐藤裕輔
小野昭彦
八木亮介
坂上英一
富松師浩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Priority to PCT/JP2009/004160 priority Critical patent/WO2011024224A1/fr
Publication of WO2011024224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011024224A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell.
  • Patent Document 1 water generated at the cathode electrode is easily moved into the atmosphere by diffusion, and the electrolyte membrane and the cathode electrode are dried. For this reason, in addition to the water required for the anode reaction, there remains a problem that it is necessary to supply extra water that permeates the electrolyte membrane from the anode side to the cathode side.
  • the present invention maintains the relative humidity of water in the cathode electrode, thereby maintaining the moisture of the electrolyte membrane and the water that permeates the electrolyte membrane from the anode side to the cathode side.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell capable of reducing the above.
  • the fuel cell according to the present invention includes an anode electrode, an electrolyte membrane, a cathode electrode, a first throttle member having a first opening, a cathode flow path having a second opening, and the cathode A cathode channel plate covering the channel is arranged in this order.
  • stacked the cell which concerns on 1st Embodiment The principal part schematic diagram on the cathode side which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The figure which showed the relationship between (alpha) value and RH of a cathode flow path. A sectional view of a simulation model. The figure which showed the result of simulation. The figure which showed the modification of the 1st aperture member. The figure which showed the simulation model and the result. The principal part schematic diagram on the cathode side which concerns on the modification of 1st Embodiment. The figure which showed the modification of the 1st aperture member. Sectional drawing of the cell which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Sectional drawing of the cell which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. Sectional drawing of the cell which concerns on 4th Embodiment. Example results. Results of other examples.
  • a fuel cell stack cell 100 in which cells according to the first embodiment of the present invention are stacked includes an anode electrode, an electrolyte membrane, a cathode electrode, a first throttle member having a first opening, A cathode channel having a second opening and a cathode channel plate covering the cathode channel are arranged in this order. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the cell 100 includes an electrolyte membrane 11, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 1 having an anode electrode 18 and a cathode electrode 19 facing each other with the electrolyte membrane 11 interposed therebetween, and a reaction at the anode electrode 18.
  • the gas-liquid separation layer 2 that separates the generated fluid into gas and liquid, the anode flow path plate 4 disposed facing the anode electrode 18, and the cathode flow path plate 41 facing the cathode electrode 19.
  • the anode flow path plate 4 has a fuel flow path 5 for supplying fuel to the anode electrode 18 and a gas flow path 6 for discharging gas (CO 2 or the like) generated at the anode pole.
  • Duct portions 42a and 42b are formed at the edge of the cathode flow path plate 41 of the cell 100 in the extending direction.
  • the cell 100 includes a cathode channel 44 formed so as to communicate with the duct portions 42 a and 42 b through the second opening 48 in a direction different from the extending direction of the cathode channel plate 41.
  • the first throttle member 51 is interposed between the cathode flow path plate 41 and the cathode electrode 19.
  • the first aperture member 51 has a first opening 53. In the case of a so-called passive fuel cell that does not have the air supply part 71, the duct parts 42a and 42b can be omitted.
  • the anode 18 of the membrane electrode assembly 1 in the first embodiment has an anode catalyst layer 12, a carbon dense layer 14, and an anode gas diffusion layer 16.
  • the cathode electrode 19 includes a cathode catalyst layer 13, a carbon dense layer 15, and a cathode gas diffusion layer 17.
  • the anode electrode preferably has a catalyst layer and at least one gas diffusion layer.
  • the cathode electrode preferably has a catalyst layer and at least one gas diffusion layer.
  • the solid electrolyte membrane 11 for example, a Nafion membrane manufactured by Dupont can be used.
  • the anode catalyst layer 12 is produced, for example, by mixing a Pt—Ru catalyst and an ionomer at a predetermined ratio.
  • the cathode catalyst layer 13 is produced, for example, by mixing a Pt catalyst and an ionomer at a predetermined ratio.
  • As the anode gas diffusion layer 16 and the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon non-woven fabric, or the like can be used.
  • the gas diffusion layer may be provided with a carbon dense water repellent layer (microporous layer: MPL) mainly composed of carbon powder and PTFE.
  • MPL carbon dense water repellent layer
  • the gas diffusion layer is not limited to one layer, and a plurality of gas diffusion layers can be combined to play a role as necessary.
  • the cells 100 having the cathode flow channel 41 having a flow channel length of 2 L, a flow channel width w, and a flow channel depth h are stacked at regular intervals to form a stack. Adjacent cells have an anode and a cathode electrically connected in series. When the surface of the cathode flow path plate 41 is subjected to a water repellent treatment, electrical connection cannot be obtained simply by laminating. In such a case, it is allowed to connect in series via an electrical contact for establishing electrical connection between the adjacent anode channel plate 4 and cathode channel plate 41.
  • the anode gasket 9 and the cathode gasket 10 surround the membrane electrode assembly 1 and prevent fuel from leaking from the inside of the cell 100 to the outside.
  • a fuel 32 for example, an aqueous methanol solution
  • a fuel circulation section 35 is inserted in the fuel circulation passage L1, and a pressure adjustment mechanism 36 and a methanol concentration sensor 37 are inserted in L2.
  • the fuel supplied to the fuel circulation passage L1 is supplied by the fuel circulation portion 35 to the fuel supply port 65 of the anode passage plate 4.
  • the fuel is supplied from the fuel supply port 65 to the anode 18 through the fuel supply path 5 and the gas-liquid separation layer 2.
  • the gas-liquid separation layer 2 is a porous body having lyophobic properties. For this reason, the liquid fuel hardly penetrates into the gas-liquid separation layer 2 which is a porous body.
  • gaseous fuel that is, methanol vapor and water vapor, permeate into the pores of the porous body and easily pass through the gas-liquid separation layer 2 to reach the anode 18.
  • the fuel that has reached the anode 18 is subjected to an anode reaction by the catalyst of the catalyst layer 12.
  • Electrons (e ⁇ ) generated by the anode reaction move to the cathode electrode 19 via the anode channel plate 4 also serving as a current collector, an external circuit (not shown), and the cathode channel plate 41.
  • the fuel discharged from the fuel discharge port 66 reaches the fuel circulation part 35 again through the pressure adjusting mechanism 36 and the methanol concentration sensor 37 inserted in the circulation flow path L2.
  • the methanol concentration sensor 37 monitors the concentration of methanol in the fuel in the fuel circulation passage L2, and feeds back the result to the control unit 80.
  • the controller 80 supplies new high-concentration fuel from the fuel tank 31 to the fuel circulation passage L1 when the concentration is lower than a predetermined concentration, for example, 1M or lower, so that the fuel reaches the predetermined concentration.
  • a command is issued to the supply unit 34.
  • the gas flow path 6 discharges the gas (CO 2 gas) generated by the anode reaction from the gas discharge port 66 of the anode flow path plate 4.
  • a fuel circulation section 35 such as a circulation pump and a pressure adjustment mechanism 36 such as a back pressure valve bring the pressure inside the fuel flow path 5 to a higher pressure than the pressure inside the gas flow path 6.
  • the gas (CO 2 gas) generated by the anode reaction is easily discharged to the gas flow path 6 through the pores of the gas-liquid separation layer 2 subjected to the lyophobic treatment.
  • a pressure for generating bubbles is required, but the gas-liquid separation layer is a lyophobic porous body.
  • a path through which the gas flows is formed, and the pressure for allowing the gas to pass through the porous body is smaller than the pressure for generating bubbles in the fuel flow path 5.
  • the gas-liquid separation layer 2 can efficiently separate and discharge the gas (CO 2 gas) generated by the anode reaction to the gas flow path 6.
  • the pressure adjustment mechanism 36 adjusts the gas flow path 6 to a predetermined pressure range, the gas-liquid separation of the cell 100 is less affected by the surrounding pressure fluctuation. For example, gas-liquid separation of the cell 100 functions effectively even at a high place such as a mountain peak.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the cathode channel plate 41 when viewed in the y direction of the xyz coordinate shown in FIG. 1 in the cross section taken along the line AA of FIG.
  • Duct portions 42a and 42b formed in the extending direction of the cathode channel plate are formed at the edge of the cathode channel plate 41. Further, the cathode channel 44 is formed in a direction different from the extending direction of the cathode channel plate 41 (Z direction in FIG. 2). The cathode channel 44 has a second opening 48. The cathode flow path 44 communicates with at least one of the duct portions 42a and 42b via the second opening 48.
  • a first throttle member 51 is interposed between the cathode channel plate 41 and the cathode gas diffusion layer 17.
  • the first aperture member 51 is provided with a first opening 53.
  • the first opening 53 penetrates between the surface facing the cathode flow path plate 41 and the surface facing the cathode gas diffusion layer 17.
  • An oxidant and water are exchanged between the cathode channel 44 and the cathode electrode 19 through the first opening 53.
  • the cathode channel plate 41 can be made of conductive carbon having a conductivity or a metal member such as SUS. In the case of conductivity, the cathode channel plate 41 can also be used as a cathode current collector.
  • the cell 100 is provided with an air supply unit 71 (71a, 71b) for cooling the cell 100 and supplying air to the cathode electrode 19.
  • the air supply unit 71 (71a, 71b) supplies necessary air to the duct units 42a, 42b.
  • an air fan that is quiet, has low power consumption, and low discharge pressure can be used as the air supply unit 71.
  • the outside air containing oxygen as an oxidant is supplied to the cathode electrode 19 through the duct portions 42a and 42b, the second opening 48, the cathode channel 44, and the first opening. Further, the water in the cathode electrode 19 is discharged to the outside in the reverse order. That is, the cathode electrode 19 is not in direct contact with the external environment, and is always mediated through the cathode channel 44. By adopting such a configuration, the inside of the cathode channel 44 is maintained in a high RH state.
  • the provision of the first throttle member 51 reduces the area in which the cathode channel 44 and the cathode 19 circulate directly, thereby reducing the cathode 19 Drying can be reduced.
  • the first throttle member 51 faces the cathode flow channel plate 41, but the cathode flow channel plate 41 is formed so as to cover the cathode flow channel 44. For this reason, when air or water moves with respect to the cathode flow path 44, the cathode flow path plate 41 becomes an obstacle (wall) and can exchange air with the outside only through the second opening 48. It has become. For this reason, the cathode channel 44 becomes a so-called stagnation space.
  • the configuration of the present embodiment can significantly reduce the rate of water loss from the cathode electrode 19.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the relative humidity (RH) of the cathode channel and the amount of water that permeates the electrolyte membrane 11.
  • the amount of water f H2O that permeates the electrolyte membrane 11 is indicated by ⁇ normalized by the proton flux f H + that permeates the electrolyte membrane 11.
  • I is the current value multiplied by the number of cells
  • F is the Faraday constant.
  • ⁇ is the smaller the flow rate N H2O of water to be supplied from the fuel tank, that is, the fuel cell system can be miniaturized.
  • the surface of the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 is covered with a first throttle member 51 that prevents transmission of liquid water and water vapor, and a part of the surface of the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 (first opening portion) is covered. 53)
  • the mass transfer resistance of the water discharged from the cathode electrode 19 increases.
  • the amount of water moving from the cathode electrode 19 to the anode electrode 18 increases, and the ⁇ value decreases.
  • FIG. 5A to 5D show an example of a simulation model and an analysis result when the surface of the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 is covered with the first throttle member 51.
  • FIG. 5A to 5D show an example of a simulation model and an analysis result when the surface of the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 is covered with the first throttle member 51.
  • the RH inside the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 immediately below the location covered with the first throttle member 51 is large, and the electrolyte membrane 11 facing this location has a large RH.
  • the ⁇ value becomes smaller.
  • the ⁇ value at the electrolyte membrane 11 facing directly below the first opening 53 is large.
  • the cathode electrode 19 radiates heat through the first throttle member 51. Therefore, the temperature of the first throttle member 51 is lower in the cathode electrode 19 than in the cathode catalyst layer 13. As a result, the water present as the vapor in the cathode catalyst layer 13 becomes supersaturated (RH 100%) in the region of the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 in contact with the first throttle member 51. The supersaturated water increases the humidity of the cathode catalyst layer 13 region and fulfills the moisture retention function. On the other hand, the remaining steam can move the steam from the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 toward the cathode channel 44.
  • Such a first opening can set an opening size and an opening pattern capable of satisfying both a necessary air supply and a decrease in ⁇ value according to the output and size of the cell.
  • the ⁇ value is set to 0.5 to ⁇ 1 //, for example. It became possible to reduce to 6.
  • the aperture ratio is 30% or less, the effect of reducing the ⁇ value becomes remarkable. If the aperture ratio is smaller than 5%, the supply of oxygen is insufficient, and the influence of a decrease in output is increased. An aperture ratio of 5 to 30% is suitable.
  • the aperture ratio can be obtained by the following equation.
  • Opening ratio (%) (S2 / S1) ⁇ 100
  • S1 area of the region where the first diaphragm member is projected onto the membrane electrode assembly
  • S2 the sum of the areas of the openings in the region of S1
  • the projected area is substantially used among the first diaphragm members This is because the portion contributing to power generation is the projected area onto the membrane electrode assembly.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C show the RH state of the cathode channel 44.
  • FIG. FIG. 7A shows the RH when no cooling air flows through the duct portions 42a and 42b.
  • the RH of the cathode channel 44 tends to decrease and the ⁇ value tends to increase due to the influence of the cooling air as shown in FIG. 7B. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7C, by arranging the first throttle member 51 between the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 and the cathode flow path 44, the influence of increasing the ⁇ value by the cooling air can be reduced. Is possible.
  • the first opening 53 of the first throttle member 51 in a region with high RH (in the vicinity of the center of the cathode channel 44 in FIG. 7C), the ⁇ value can be reduced.
  • the first opening is used to reduce flooding (excessive accumulation of water) in the cathode catalyst layer. It is preferable to make the portion 53 large.
  • the first diaphragm member 51 is preferably a conductive material such as metal or carbon from the viewpoint of conductivity or current collection.
  • the ⁇ value can be reduced and the amount of water to be held in the fuel tank can be reduced.
  • a second throttle member By further adding a second throttle member to the second opening 48, the effect of stagnation of the cathode channel 44 can be increased, and the RH in the cathode channel 44 can be kept higher.
  • a second throttle member as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in order to reduce water evaporation and sufficiently supply oxygen, air flows in a part of the cathode channel 44.
  • the membranes 45a and 45b that allow the permeation of oxygen may be arranged.
  • a porous resin film can be used as the diaphragm.
  • the cross-sectional area of the second opening 48 may be reduced to, for example, 30% or less of the cross-sectional area of the cathode channel 44, so that a so-called second throttle member may be used.
  • a second throttle member may be provided in at least one of the second openings.
  • the cathode channel 44 is not limited to the form shown in FIG.
  • the cathode flow path plate 41 has lands (41, 41a, 41b) formed in a fishbone shape, and a cathode flow between adjacent lands (41a-41a, 41b-41b). A path 44 is formed.
  • the cathode channel plate 41 has a structure in which the cathode channel 44 and the land are repeated.
  • Such a cathode channel has an effect that the cathode electrode is difficult to dry because the supply of air to the cathode channel 44 is mainly controlled by diffusion.
  • the land of the cathode channel plate 41 also has a function of collecting electricity from the cathode gas diffusion layer 17.
  • the minimum distance ⁇ min means the minimum distance to the most adjacent opening.
  • the opening ratio of the first opening 53 increases as the distance from the second opening 48 increases, that is, the depth of the cathode flow path 44 increases” means that the region S1 having a certain area (for example, 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm area) is moved so as to “go away from the second opening 48”, that is, “go to the back of the cathode flow path 44”, and the ratio to the area S 2 of the first opening 53 ( S2 / S1), that is, changing so as to increase the aperture ratio.
  • the change here may change continuously, for example, it may change discontinuously stepwise.
  • Comparative Example 1 the case where the first diaphragm member 51 is not used is referred to as Comparative Example 1.
  • Comparative Example 1 the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 and the cathode porous body 21 are in contact with each other.
  • the temperature of the single cell 100 was controlled by a heater (not shown) so that the temperature of the anode channel plate 4 and the cathode channel plate 41 was 65 ° C.
  • a methanol aqueous solution having a fuel concentration of 1.4 M was supplied to the anode channel 5 at 0.5 mL / min.
  • the fuel cell was operated at a load of 1.2A.
  • Example 1-1 can obtain the same output while reducing ⁇ .
  • a fuel cell employing DMFC will be described as a fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the unit cell 100 of the fuel cell stack according to the second embodiment of the present invention has a porous body (cathode porous body) between the first throttle member 51 and the cathode channel 44.
  • the point from which 21 is inserted differs from a 1st embodiment.
  • the cathode porous body 21 is in contact with the land of the cathode flow path plate 41 on the surface, and is in contact with the first throttle member 51 on the back surface.
  • the cathode porous body 21 has electrical conductivity and air permeability.
  • having electric conductivity is defined under the condition that the electric resistivity is lower than that of air.
  • having air permeability is defined by having a communicating porosity. The presence or absence of porosity can be measured by mercury porosimetry.
  • cathode porous body carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon nonwoven fabric, porous metal, or the like can be used.
  • the cathode flow path plate 41 and the first throttle member 51 are thinned while maintaining the strength to withstand the tightening of the single cell 100. Therefore, a thin metal plate such as stainless steel or titanium can be used as the cathode channel plate 41 and the first throttle member 51.
  • ⁇ is not limited to a constant value depending on the differential pressure condition, and may vary.
  • the cathode porous body 21 is inserted between the first throttle member 51 and the cathode channel plate 41.
  • the cathode porous body 21 is deformed by the pressure from the first throttle member 51 and the land of the cathode flow path plate 41, and suppresses the above-described gap from being generated. This has the effect of suppressing the air flow due to the differential pressure between the cathode channels 44. Therefore, even when a differential pressure occurs, the increase or fluctuation of the ⁇ value can be suppressed.
  • the cathode porous body 21 is inserted between the cathode channel plate 41 and the first throttle member 51. Accordingly, it is possible to separately provide a surface where the land contacts the cathode porous body 21 and a surface where the first throttle member 51 contacts the cathode porous body 21.
  • a fuel cell employing a DMFC will be described as a fuel cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dense carbon layer 22 is formed on one surface of the cathode porous body 21 (the surface in contact with the cathode channel plate). This is different from the first and second embodiments.
  • the dense carbon layer 22 is formed on one surface of the cathode porous body 21, and the dense carbon layer 22 and the land of the cathode flow channel plate 41 are brought into contact with each other, the surface with low air permeability comes into contact with the land. The effect of suppressing the air flow due to the differential pressure between the paths 44 is increased. Further, the strength (rigidity) of the entire cathode porous body 21 can be increased.
  • the cathode flow path plate 41 is produced by press working, there is a possibility that the land has a curvature at the tip of the convex portion and the area where the land contacts the cathode porous body 21 may be reduced.
  • the land may crush the cathode porous body 21 too much, which may cause plastic deformation.
  • the surface on which the carbon dense layer 22 is formed is brought into contact with the land, the above-described deformation can be suppressed.
  • the air permeability of the cathode porous body 21 is too low. In this case, the amount of air supplied from the cathode flow path 44 to the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 decreases, and the output decreases, which is not preferable.
  • the carbon dense layer is a dense porous body mainly composed of carbon particles and PTFE and having a pore diameter smaller than the average pore diameter of the cathode porous body 21, and has a lower air permeability than the cathode porous body 21.
  • the air permeability can be determined by the Gurley test method (JIS P 8177).
  • Example 2 an example in which the cathode porous body 21 in which the carbon dense layer was provided only on the surface in contact with the land was used as Example 2.
  • Example 2-2 was taken as an example in which the cathode porous body 21 was removed and the cathode channel 44 and the first throttle member 51 were brought into contact with each other.
  • Example 2-3 An example in which the carbon porous layer 21 is not provided with the same cathode porous body 21 as in Example 2-1 was taken as Example 2-3.
  • the temperature of the single cell 100 is controlled by a heater (not shown) so that the temperature of the anode flow path plate 4 and the cathode flow path plate 41 is 65 ° C., and the anode flow path plate 4 has a fuel concentration of 1.4 M.
  • a methanol aqueous solution was supplied at 0.5 mL / min.
  • the air supply unit 71 individually supplied air of 1000 mL / min so that 44a was 1000 mL / min and 44b was 500 mL / min, and a differential pressure was provided between the cathode channels.
  • the load was operated at 1.2A.
  • Example 2-3 can reduce the ⁇ value by about 0.03, and Example 2-1 can reduce ⁇ by about 0.35. It was. Further, the output can be increased in both Examples 2-1 and 2-3 as compared with Example 2-2 having no porous material.
  • the result of FIG. 14 shows that ⁇ is relatively larger than the result of FIG. 13 under the condition that, in the case of FIG. 13, the differential pressure between the cathode channels is almost zero.
  • the air supply amount is intentionally changed between the ducts 44a and 44b so that a differential pressure is generated between the cathode flow paths.
  • the porous body 21 is not inserted in FIG. 13, it is also related that the structure is different.
  • a fuel cell employing DMFC will be described as a fuel cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cell 100 of the fuel cell stack according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is provided with the third opening 56 around the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 by reducing the height of the cathode flow path 9. It is a cell that can generate power even at high loads.
  • the amount of air (oxygen) that can be taken into the cathode catalyst layer 13 depends on the channel height of the cathode channel 44, the air diffusion performance of the cathode porous body 21, and the structure of the first throttle member 51. If the height of the cathode flow path 44 is lowered in order to reduce the size of the single cell 100, the amount of air (oxygen) that can be taken into the cathode catalyst layer 13 decreases, and power generation at a high load cannot be performed.
  • the cathode electrode gasket 10 is thinner than the total thickness of the cathode catalyst layer 13 and the cathode gas diffusion layer 17.
  • the cathode electrode gasket 10 is in contact with the electrolyte membrane 11.
  • the total thickness of the cathode catalyst layer 13 and the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 is determined from the interface between the electrolyte membrane 11 and the cathode catalyst layer 13 when the membrane electrode assembly 1 is assembled. The thickness up to the interface of the opening member 51 is defined.
  • the side surface of the cathode gas diffusion layer 17 is not completely covered with the cathode electrode gasket 10. It is possible to take in air supplied from the air supply unit 71 from this uncovered region (third opening).
  • the cathode catalyst layer 13 in addition to the air supply path, can be supplied from the third opening 56 through the cathode gas diffusion layer 17.
  • Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 2 ... Gas-liquid separation layer (Lipophobic porous material) 4 ... Anode channel plate (anode current collector) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 ... Fuel flow path 6 ... Gas flow path 9 ... Anode gasket 10 ... Cathode gasket 11 ... Electrolyte membrane 12 ... Anode catalyst layer 13 ... Cathode catalyst layer 14 ... Dense carbon layer 15 ... Dense carbon layer 16 ... Anode gas diffusion layer 17 ... Cathode gas diffusion layer 18 ... Anode electrode 19 ... Cathode electrode 21 ... Cathode porous body 22 ... Dense carbon layer 31 ... Fuel tank 32 ... Fuel 33 ...
  • Valve 34 Fuel supply part (pump) 35 ... Fuel circulation part (pump) 36 ... Pressure adjustment mechanism (back pressure valve) 37 ... Fuel concentration sensor (Methanol concentration sensor) 41, 41a, 42b ... Cathode channel plate 42, 42a, 42b ... Duct portion 44, 44a, 44b ... Cathode channel 45a, 45b ... Diaphragm 48 ... Second opening 51 ... First throttle member 53 ... First 56 ... 3rd opening 65 ... Fuel supply port 66 ... Fuel discharge port 67 ... Gas discharge port 71, 71a, 71b ... Air supply unit 80 ... Control unit 100, 100a, 100b ... Cell (stack)

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Abstract

La présente invention a trait à une pile à combustible caractérisée en ce qu’une anode, une membrane d’électrolyte, une cathode, un premier élément de serrage doté d’une première ouverture, un champ d’écoulement de cathode doté d’une seconde ouverture, et une plaque de champ d’écoulement de cathode qui recouvre ledit champ d’écoulement de cathode sont placés dans cet ordre.
PCT/JP2009/004160 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Pile à combustible Ceased WO2011024224A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/JP2009/004160 WO2011024224A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Pile à combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2009/004160 WO2011024224A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Pile à combustible

Publications (1)

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WO2011024224A1 true WO2011024224A1 (fr) 2011-03-03

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PCT/JP2009/004160 Ceased WO2011024224A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Pile à combustible

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WO (1) WO2011024224A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007080776A (ja) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-29 Nec Corp 固体高分子型燃料電池、固体高分子型燃料電池スタック及び携帯用電子機器
JP2007095581A (ja) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-12 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池及び燃料電池システム
JP2007335367A (ja) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2008243741A (ja) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-09 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2008310995A (ja) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-25 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2009080965A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2009080948A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電システムおよびその製造方法
JP2009158411A (ja) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2009295338A (ja) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-17 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007080776A (ja) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-29 Nec Corp 固体高分子型燃料電池、固体高分子型燃料電池スタック及び携帯用電子機器
JP2007095581A (ja) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-12 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池及び燃料電池システム
JP2007335367A (ja) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2008243741A (ja) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-09 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2008310995A (ja) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-25 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2009080965A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2009080948A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池発電システムおよびその製造方法
JP2009158411A (ja) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2009295338A (ja) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-17 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池

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