WO2011015731A1 - Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie modulaire - Google Patents
Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie modulaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011015731A1 WO2011015731A1 PCT/FR2010/000564 FR2010000564W WO2011015731A1 WO 2011015731 A1 WO2011015731 A1 WO 2011015731A1 FR 2010000564 W FR2010000564 W FR 2010000564W WO 2011015731 A1 WO2011015731 A1 WO 2011015731A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- module
- temperature
- heat pump
- refrigeration
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/10—Gas turbines; Steam engines or steam turbines; Water turbines, e.g. located in water pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/70—Electric generators driven by internal combustion engines [ICE]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
- F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
- F25B2327/001—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor of the internal combustion type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/21—Modules for refrigeration systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in parallel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
- Y02A40/963—Off-grid food refrigeration
- Y02A40/966—Powered by renewable energy sources
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system or device of modular design comprising at least one electric power generating module and one or more modules of the following types: heat pumps, refrigeration or mixed heat pump / refrigeration modules, allowing the simultaneous production of hot water for example for heating buildings, very hot water, for example hot water, cold water, for example for air conditioning, possibly refrigerant typically for refrigeration and possibly electricity.
- Patent Application EP 1 628 096 (LG Electronics Inc.) describes such a system. These systems are commonly used in Japan for several years for air conditioning (cooling) in the summer and heating in winter buildings such as office buildings or hotels, and the simultaneous production of hot water. These systems are most of the time so-called direct expansion systems that is to say that they directly send a refrigerant to individual indoor units. These are generally VRV (variable refrigerant volume) or VRF (variable refrigerant flow) type installations.
- VRV variable refrigerant volume
- VRF variable refrigerant flow
- the document EP 1 628 096 only provides the end user with water at a single temperature, that of hot water, and when the system is in air conditioning mode.
- the system comprises several units, in particular indoor units and outdoor units, connected by refrigerant pipes.
- a single water temperature can be provided by the system, it is the domestic hot water provided in cooling system mode.
- the system described in EP 2 085 721 of the applicant uses a cogeneration assembly connected to a heat pump so as to provide the user, simultaneously, with water at several different temperatures.
- the described system is designed for specific refrigeration, heating and electrical power values, specific to a given application.
- the system is designed as a single, indivisible set, so it does not allow any design or usage flexibility and must be fully resized for any new application.
- the existing systems have powers limited to maximum values of the order of 75 kW because they use motor motors of limited power, and refrigeration components also do not allow to operate at higher powers.
- a first object of the invention is a system (1) for the simultaneous production of very hot water at temperature T2, hot water (14) at temperature T1 and / or cold water (13) at temperature T3, and electricity (20), and optionally also the production of refrigerant at T4 evaporation temperature, and / or the production of refrigerant at T5 evaporation temperature, and said system comprising at least one current generating assembly which comprises either a combustion engine (2) connected to an alternator (18) or a fuel cell (22), each of the current generators also having a heat exchanger (8) producing very hot water at temperature T2, and said system (1) or current generating assembly optionally including one or more other current generators selected from the group consisting of a combustion engine (2) connected to an alternator (18), a fuel cell (22), a photovoltaic solar panel (23), or a wind turbine,
- said system (1) also comprising at least one heat pump (3), or a refrigeration unit and possibly an electric accumulator (19), said heat pump or said refrigeration unit being (i) of the compression type of steam and then comprising at least one compressor (17) of refrigerant, a first heat exchanger (11, 66) located at the suction of the compressor (17) when the system (1) is in cooling mode, a pressure reducer ( 10), and a second heat exchanger (12) placed at the discharge of the compressor (17) when the system (1) is in cooling mode, and possibly a third heat exchanger (15) located at the discharge of the compressor (17) when the system (1) is in the cooling mode and used for heating the hot water (14), (ii) the absorption type and then comprising an absorber (28), a circulation pump (30), a generator of steam (29), a first exchanger heat sink (31) at the inlet of said absorber (28), an expander (32) and a second heat exchanger (33) at the outlet of said steam generator (29),
- said system (1) comprises at least one module Pc 1 Pa called “heat pump module” (36,37) or at least one module Pr said “refrigeration module” (36A) or at least one module Pm ( 36B) said “mixed: heat pump and refrigeration” comprising, (b1) in the case of a compression heat pump module Pc (36), each at least one heat pump assembly comprising at least one refrigerant compressor (17), said first heat exchanger (11) ), said expander (10), said second heat exchanger (12), and optionally said third heat exchanger (15);
- each at least one refrigeration assembly comprising at least one compressor (17) of refrigerant, said expander (10), said second heat exchanger ( 12), and optionally said third heat exchanger (15), as well as refrigerant conduits (16a, 16b) for connection to an air / water refrigerant exchanger (66) external to the Pr module (36A);
- the entire heat pump type comprises at least one refrigerant compressor (17), said first heat exchanger (11), said expander (10), said second heat exchanger (12), and possibly said third exchanger heat (15), and
- the refrigeration type assembly comprises at least one refrigerant compressor (17), said expander (10), said second heat exchanger (12), and optionally said third heat exchanger (15) as well as refrigerant conduits; (16a, 16b) for connection to an air / water refrigerant exchanger (66) external to the Pm module (36) and in that said generator assembly is included within a generator module (G), said modules (G 1 Pc, Pa, Pr, Pm) each being provided with a frame and an assembly forming a mounting interface made so that said modules (G 1 Pc, Pa, Pr, Pm) can be to assemble between them, one after the other, and form a unitary whole.
- system allowing the simultaneous production of water at several temperatures, and possibly refrigerant, includes a system capable of producing and supplying the user with water and possibly refrigerant at specified temperatures via appropriate collectors which connect the unitary unit thus obtained to the installation of the user.
- the number and type of modules is chosen as a function of the heating and / or refrigerating and electrical power required to operate the system to adapt it to a given application, and this from its conception.
- Such a modular construction offers a wide range of system design solutions, adapting the number and type of modules to each use case.
- the system also has a flexibility of use because it takes into account a multiplicity of energies that can feed the system, as well as a multiplicity of energy flows that can be produced by the system.
- the system of the invention is of modular construction, it allows to connect together several complex modules, including cogeneration and thermodynamics, by simplifying the interfaces to obtain a unitary unit or unit, preferably easily transportable by truck.
- the complexity of the design is concentrated inside the modules, the interfaces between modules being simplified to the maximum.
- the modules preferably have frames of identical height and width to connect to each other by means of appropriate mechanical connection means.
- a system will therefore be defined by optimally choosing the modules that will be standardized, in particular by their internal functions and the choice of interfaces in order to obtain a system corresponding to the needs of the end user.
- the system of the invention meets the needs of applications such as:
- the preferred fluid is water at temperature T1 (heating), T2 (domestic hot water) and (T3) (air conditioning). For some applications, there may be simultaneous cooling and heating requirements in some parts of the building.
- the cogeneration module (or generator module G) which allows the generation of heating power in the form of hot water at T2 temperature and electricity
- Each engine includes one or two engines among the possible choices (non-limiting) of 2 liters and 4.6 liters
- the electrical power can be used locally by other modules or sent externally on the customer's power grid
- the thermal power is transferred via a regulated valve to central hot water pipes T1 or hot water T2 according to the respective needs of the application.
- 2-liter engine up to 25 kW of electricity and up to 35 kW of heat output at T2
- Each module includes two independent refrigeration units connected to the central water pipes, and a control system.
- Each set produces about 65kW of cold water at T3 temperature or about 80kW of hot water at T1 temperature (not simultaneously)
- Each module of this type produces: about 13OkW of cold water at T3 temperature or about 16OkW of hot water at T1 temperature (non-simultaneous way)
- Each module includes two independent refrigeration units connected to the central water pipes, and a control system.
- Each of the two assemblies can produce about 65kW of cold water at T3 temperature or about 80kW of hot water at T1 temperature as the reversible heat pump module but it can also produce if necessary these two powers simultaneously
- Each module of this type can therefore produce: about 13OkW of cold water at temperature T3 or about 160 kW of hot water at temperature T1 as the reversible heat pump module but it can also produce if necessary these two powers simultaneously is about 13OkW refrigeration energy in the form of cold water at temperature T3 and about 160 kW of heat energy in the form of hot water at temperature T1.
- the refrigeration module (Pr) which allows the production of refrigerant at temperature T4 or T5 using the compression refrigeration cycle
- Each module includes two independent refrigeration units connected to the central refrigerant piping, and a control system
- Each of the two assemblies can produce approximately 40kW of cooling capacity in the form of refrigerant at temperature T4 or approximately 20kW of refrigerant at temperature T5.
- Each module of this type can therefore produce about 8OkW of cooling capacity in the form of refrigerant at temperature T4 or about 40 kW of refrigerant at temperature T5.
- each of the three modules above (heat pump modules and refrigeration module) is composed of two independent assemblies achieving the desired function, so we can have mixed modules including for example a reversible heat pump assembly and a set refrigeration (example in figure 13):
- the heat output is approximately 35 kW
- said assembly interface assembly comprises: a mechanical interface, an electrical interface and a fluid interface.
- the system of the invention is of modular construction and comprises at least one electric current generating module and one or more so-called "production” modules each comprising one or two sets of heat pump or refrigeration.
- modular building system it comprises a system comprising at least two modules, each module having a chassis forming support for its components, as well as mechanical, electrical and fluidic connection means to the adjacent module.
- the modules are made so that, when connected, they have the same template at least in one dimension (for example the width of the module), and even more advantageously in two dimensions (width and height).
- a production module may include a heat pump assembly or a refrigeration assembly.
- a production module may comprise two sets of the same type, for example two heat pump assemblies or two refrigeration assemblies, on a common chassis.
- a production module is a mixed module, that is to say that it comprises a heat pump assembly and a refrigeration assembly on a common chassis.
- Interfaces between modules are limited to the maximum, they are of three types:
- the modules have frames of identical height and width to connect to each other by means of appropriate mechanical connection means
- Fluidic interfaces especially hydraulic and refrigerant: they are located in the same place for all modules (preferably in the central part, such as the product shown in the drawings). They constitute the path of passage and transfer of heat energy to the outside of the modular system of the invention.
- the product is in the form of a single unit or unitary unit transportable in one piece for example by truck.
- up to six modules can be assembled together, including one or two cogeneration modules (a cogeneration module at each end of the machine).
- the electrical and thermal powers of the various modules of this monobloc assembly are then combined.
- the megawatt is approaching in terms of heat energy.
- the available electrical energy will be used locally by the modules or sent externally to the customer network according to the respective needs.
- the maximum cogeneration power associated with heat pump modules will typically be found.
- the monobloc product avoids the use or construction of a technical room.
- the available primary energy powers are related to the size of the biogas-producing biogas plants by biomass. This available power range is well adapted to the cogeneration modules of the system of the invention.
- the system 1 of the invention also comprises at least one refrigeration module 36A 1 and optionally an electric accumulator 19, said module comprising at least one refrigeration assembly which is of the vapor compression type and then comprising at least one compressor 17 of refrigerant, an expander 10, a heat exchanger 12 placed at the discharge of the compressor 17, and optionally a third heat exchanger 15 located at the discharge of the compressor 17 when the system 1 is also used for heating the hot water 14, the system also comprising refrigerant conduits intended to be connected to a refrigerant / air type exchanger 66 situated outside the module, or even outside the system, typically, but not exclusively, in particular for refrigeration applications of foodstuffs.
- the exchanger 66 is essential for operation. However, it is not located physically in the module comprising the compressors.
- the exchanger 66 may be located in a specific isothermal module forming part of the modular design system (role of cold room outside the building for example).
- the exchanger 66 may also be located away from the modular design system, in the enclosure of a building (supermarket-type application, for example). More particularly according to the invention in this case,
- the compressor 17 is driven by an electric motor, which can be powered by one of said current generators, and
- said system 1 comprises at least one module Pr said "refrigeration module” comprising, each at least one refrigerant compressor 17, said expander 10, said heat exchanger 12, possibly said heat exchanger 15, and ducts of refrigerant (16a, 16b) intended to be connected to a heat exchanger 66 not being physically located in the module, but being essential to its operation.
- the combustion engine type current generator may be included in a module G said current generator module; this module G may comprise one or more other current generators selected from combustion engines and fuel cells, or these other current generators may be integrated into a second current generator module.
- the current generating module (s) may advantageously comprise connections for connecting one or more external current sources such as a photovoltaic solar panel (23), a wind turbine, or an electrical network. Said current generators can be AC or DC generators.
- the first current generator is a combustion engine 2 connected to an alternator 18.
- the alternating current can supply said compressor 17 with alternating current (a part that can be introduced into an external electrical network to the system 1), or it can be converted into direct current for supplying said compressor 17 operating with direct current and / or for recharging the electric accumulator 19.
- alternating current a part that can be introduced into an external electrical network to the system 1
- direct current for supplying said compressor 17 operating with direct current and / or for recharging the electric accumulator 19.
- the other generators of currents if they produce current alternative (such as a combustion engine, a wind turbine or a turbine).
- one of the other current generators is a direct current generator (for example the fuel cell 22 or the photovoltaic panel 23)
- this direct current can either be used directly by the compressor 17, if the latter operates with direct current and / or by the electric accumulator 19, be converted into alternating current, for use by the compressor 17 operating with alternating current, and / or to be introduced into an external electrical network to the system 1.
- said heat pump or refrigeration unit uses the refrigeration cycle by vapor compression.
- the system according to the invention is very advantageously designed so that it can be powered by an external electrical network to cover, in part or in full, its electrical energy requirements, and so as to be able to send to said external electrical network at least one part of the electrical energy produced by said system.
- a second object of the invention is a method of regulating a system according to the invention.
- FIGS 1 to 19 refer to the invention which they illustrate particular embodiments.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic diagram of the system according to the invention, in the case where the AC generator is a combustion engine connected to an alternator and the heat pump uses the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic diagram of the system according to the invention, in the case where the alternating current generator is a photovoltaic solar panel or a fuel cell connected to an AC direct current converter and the heat pump uses the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- the alternating current generator is a photovoltaic solar panel or a fuel cell connected to an AC direct current converter and the heat pump uses the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- Figure 3 shows the energy efficiency of the system according to the invention in the case of the heat pump compared to the yields of various systems of the state of the art.
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic diagram of the system according to the invention, in the case where the AC generator is a combustion engine connected to an alternator and the refrigeration module uses the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- FIG. 5 represents a block diagram of a system of the invention according to a variant of the invention, the system comprising several current generator modules connected to several heat pump modules.
- FIG. 6 represents a block diagram of a system of the invention according to a variant of the invention, the system comprising a plurality of current generator modules connected to a heat pump module and to several refrigeration modules.
- Figure 7 shows a block diagram of a system of the invention in the case where the AC generator is a combustion engine connected to an alternator and the heat pump uses the absorption refrigeration cycle.
- FIG. 8a is a side view
- FIG. 8b is a front view
- FIG. 8c is a sectional view along the AA plane of FIG. 8b of a system according to another variant of the invention in which the system comprises a module. generator connected to several heat pump modules of different types.
- FIGS. 9a to 9f represent different views of a compression heat pump module according to the invention comprising two heat pump assemblies provided with the optional exchanger 15.
- FIG. 10a is a side view
- FIG. 10b is a front view
- FIG. 10c is a sectional view along plane C-C of FIG. 10b of an absorption heat pump module according to the invention.
- FIG. 11a is a side view
- FIG. 11b is a front view
- FIG. 11c is a sectional view along the D-D plane of FIG. 11b of a generator module according to the invention.
- Figures 12a to 12f show different views of a refrigeration module having two refrigeration assemblies.
- Figures 13a to 13f show different views of a mixed heat pump and refrigeration module.
- FIGS. 14a to 14c show different views of an exemplary system of the invention comprising a generator module and a mixed heat pump and refrigeration module.
- FIG. 15 represents an exemplary system comprising a generator module, a mixed heat pump and refrigeration module and a refrigeration module type module comprising two refrigeration units.
- FIG. 16 represents an example of a system according to the invention comprising a generator module, a mixed heat pump and refrigeration module, of the refrigeration module type comprising two refrigeration assemblies and two isothermal modules.
- Figure 17 shows a block diagram of the compression heat pump assembly made according to a first mode of operation.
- Fig. 18 shows a block diagram of the compression heat pump assembly constructed in a second mode of operation.
- FIG. 19 represents a block diagram of a fuel cell equipped with a reforming or reformer assembly, said battery belonging to the generator module.
- Expansion valve B (optional circuit with exchanger 15)
- OC Expansion valve C (optional circuit with exchanger 15)
- Water / refrigerant heat exchanger (evaporator in cooling mode)
- Air / refrigerant heat exchanger - (evaporator in heating mode, and condenser in cooling mode)
- Thermodynamic system of the heat pump or refrigeration type Device comprising a compressor and several exchangers in which circulates a specific transfer fluid commonly called refrigerant, said device for absorbing thermal energy at a first temperature, and to restore thermal energy at a second temperature, the second temperature being higher than the first.
- refrigerant a specific transfer fluid commonly called refrigerant
- Geothermal Loop A set of pipes placed in the ground typically in a vertical or horizontal position and intended to exchange heat between the heating or cooling system and the ground.
- Heat exchanger Device intended to transfer heat between several circuits.
- Transfer Fluid Heat transfer fluid used to transfer heat; conventional examples are refrigerant, water or brine sometimes called brine.
- Thermal source or source By convention, the terms source and thermal load refer to the heating mode.
- the source is the medium from which the heat is extracted in heating mode. This heat extraction is carried out with certain physical characteristics such as the thermal inertia or the available power that characterize the source. It may be noted that the source term is unsuitable in cooling mode because it actually rejects heat from the building.
- Thermal load or load The load is the environment where heat is rejected in heating mode. This heat rejection is achieved with certain physical characteristics such as the thermal inertia or the available power that characterize the load, so the load is the place where the heat is removed in cooling mode.
- COP or coefficient of performance the COP or coefficient of performance of a system in heating mode is defined as the ratio between the heating power available on the electrical power consumed by the system.
- COP "electrical equivalent” means the COP that would have the facility if we used electricity instead of gas or biofuel.
- AC Generator A device that generates alternating current either directly or through an additional converter that converts the DC current generated into AC current.
- Combustion engine Engine that, by combustion, converts the chemical energy contained in a fuel into mechanical energy.
- Internal combustion engine A combustion engine in which the combustion of fuel producing the energy required for operation takes place in the engine itself, typically in a combustion chamber.
- Photovoltaic solar panel DC electric generator consisting of a set of photovoltaic cells electrically interconnected.
- Solar thermal collector Device in which the temperature of a solid, liquid or gaseous medium is increased by total or partial absorption of solar radiation.
- Fuel cell A device that produces electricity by oxidation on one electrode of a reducing fuel (for example hydrogen) coupled to the reduction on the other electrode of an oxidant, such as oxygen air.
- the combustion engine 2 of the system according to the invention is preferably an internal combustion engine, it is part of the current generator module G. It is preferably fed with natural gas. Depending on the needs, it can also be powered by other gaseous or liquid fuels such as gasoline, fuel oil, kerosene, alcohol, biofuels such as vegetable oils, bioethanol, biogas.
- gaseous or liquid fuels such as gasoline, fuel oil, kerosene, alcohol, biofuels such as vegetable oils, bioethanol, biogas.
- combustion engines It may also be other types of combustion engines, such as external combustion engines such as Stirling engines.
- the alternator 18 assembled to the combustion engine is also part of the generator G.
- the fuel cell 22 of the system according to the invention may be any type of fuel cell known to those skilled in the art, typically operating, but not exclusively, at temperatures below 200 ° C., but may in some cases case to reach a temperature of 800 0 C to 1000 0 C (for example a "solid oxide” type battery) and supplied with a suitable fuel, such as hydrogen, methane or another hydrocarbon mixture such as gasoline or the fuel.
- a suitable fuel such as hydrogen, methane or another hydrocarbon mixture such as gasoline or the fuel.
- the fuel cell is composed at least of a hydrogen fuel cell core 22B (in the case of fuel cell cores based on proton membranes) or powered by the plurality of hydrocarbon fuels already mentioned (in the case of high temperature battery cores). solid oxide type).
- the fuel cell 22 is composed of a reformer 22A and a battery core 22B.
- the role of the reformer is to extract the Hydrogen required at the core from chemically more complex and already mentioned fuels such as natural gas, methane, biogas or another hydrocarbon mixture. The hydrogen thus extracted feeds the cell core based on proton membranes.
- a reformer fuel cell 22A An exemplary operation of a reformer fuel cell 22A is shown in Fig. 19 and will be described in the following.
- the fuel 22F (which may be natural gas, bio gas, etc.) undergoes in the reformer 22A a series of transformations to extract the hydrogen 22G, while limiting the level of impurities (typically sulfur) and the carbon monoxide.
- the fuel first goes through a reforming reactor which, following the addition of water, extract the hydrogen.
- the function of the unit 22D is to reduce the sulfur content, which may affect the behavior of the battery core 22B.
- the unit 22E realizes, she, the so-called "water gas shift” transformation that decreases the carbon monoxide content of the mixture which can also affect the behavior of the pile core.
- the photovoltaic solar panels 23 of the system according to the invention can be any type of panel known to those skilled in the art, in particular, the semiconductor constituting the photovoltaic cells can be, in a nonlimiting manner, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline or monocrystalline, an organic semiconductor material, or a combination thereof. A plurality of photovoltaic solar panels can be used.
- the system according to the invention is reversible, that is to say it can operate in heating mode by providing hot water at temperature T1 ("heating mode") or in a mode favoring cooling by supply cold water at temperature T3 ("cooling mode”).
- a four-way cycle reversal valve 46 (Fig. ⁇ c) is installed on the refrigerant circuit 16. It can also have non-reversible systems, particularly for certain refrigeration applications.
- the valve four cycle inversion channels 46 is then replaced by four refrigeration valves two channels 65A 1 B, C, D
- the expander 10 is then completed by two additional regulators causing the circuit comprises three expansion valves: 10A, 1Ob, 1OC.
- the heat exchangers 11 and 12 are reversible heat exchangers. It should be noted that we have chosen to describe in detail the operation of the system according to the invention in cooling mode. When the heat pump is operating in heating mode, the water circuit 13 becomes a hot water circuit.
- the heat exchanger 11 is preferably a plate heat exchanger.
- the heat pump 3 of the system 1 is a Pc module 36 which comprises
- a first heat exchanger 11 located at the suction of the compressor 17 when the system operates in air conditioning mode
- a second heat exchanger 12 located at the discharge of the compressor 17 when the system operates in air conditioning mode.
- a third optional heat exchanger 15 located at the discharge of the compressor 17 when the system is in air conditioning mode and simultaneous heating by heat recovery.
- the compressor 17 is driven by an electric motor.
- This electric motor can be electrically powered by the first current generator and / or by one or more of the other current generators, or the electrical network, depending on the choice made by the overall system control method chosen.
- a DC or AC motor can be used.
- the fact of using an electric motor to operate the compressor 17 (and in particular, the fact of not driving the compressor 17 directly (mechanically) by the combustion engine 2) has the advantage of being able to use hermetic compressors, avoiding thus the risks of leakage related to the use of open compressors.
- the compressor 17 is driven by an electric motor powered electrically by a combustion engine 2, the electricity required being generated by the alternator 18 driven by said combustion engine 2.
- the compressor of the heat pump is preferably a hermetic compressor.
- Hermetic compressor means a compressor composed of a closed casing, usually a welded steel casing, inside which there is a compression unit for compressing the refrigerant, and a motor which drives the compression unit .
- semi-hermetic compressors in which one can have access to certain internal organs during maintenance or possible repairs.
- the heat pump 3 of the system 1 according to the invention may be provided with a third heat exchanger 15.
- This exchanger is preferably (like the second heat exchanger 11) a plate heat exchanger.
- the heat pump 3 of the system 1 allows the use of all types of thermal loads known to those skilled in the art for heating and cooling. air conditioning, such as refreshing heating floors, fan coil units.
- the loads can also be air handling units for the dehumidification of swimming pools and the treatment of fresh air premises, or industrial process water circuits requiring the use of hot water and / or Cold water.
- the heat pump 3 of the system 1 according to the invention may be an air / water type heat pump, that is to say a heat pump using the outside air and / or air extracted as a heat source in heating mode or a water / water type heat pump, ie a heat pump using a water circuit in the outdoor soil as a source of heat. heating mode.
- An advantageous thermal source for the heat pump 3 is a geothermal loop.
- the heat exchangers on the source and the load are adapted to the type of heat pump and the type of application according to the criteria well known to those skilled in the art.
- the refrigeration assembly according to the invention is a module Pr 36A which comprises:
- At least one compressor 17 driven by an electric motor
- a module may comprise two independent refrigerant circuits, and therefore two exchangers 66. Each of these exchangers may be located in an isothermal module 36C or outside the modular assembly as described above. a second heat exchanger 12 located at the discharge of the compressor 17. These components are arranged inside a frame, not shown in FIG. 4.
- the compressor 17 is driven by an electric motor.
- This electric motor can be electrically powered by the first current generator and / or by one or more of the other current generators, or the electrical network, depending on the choice made by the overall system control method chosen.
- a DC or AC motor can be used.
- the fact of using an electric motor to operate the compressor 17 (and in particular, the fact of not driving the compressor 17 directly (mechanically) by the combustion engine 2) has the advantage of being able to use hermetic compressors, avoiding thus the risks of leakage related to the use of open compressors.
- the compressor 17 is driven by an electric motor powered electrically by a combustion engine 2, the necessary electricity being generated by the alternator 18 driven by said combustion engine 2.
- the compressor of the heat pump is preferably a hermetic compressor.
- Hermetic compressor means a compressor composed of a closed casing, usually a welded steel casing, inside which there is a compression unit for compressing the refrigerant, and a motor which drives the compression unit .
- semi-hermetic compressors in which one can have access to certain internal organs during maintenance or possible repairs.
- the compressor 17 typically has, not exclusively, an electric power consumed from 10 to 30 kW depending on the models and operating conditions of the compressor (rotational speed, suction pressure and discharge pressure).
- the cooling capacity will vary from 5 to 80 kW depending on the operating conditions. However, it is preferred, in order to increase the available cooling capacity, to use two compressors 17 connected in parallel, and in this case, all of the two compressors will have a cooling and electrical power consumed doubled.
- the refrigeration assembly of the system according to the invention may be provided with a third heat exchanger 15.
- This exchanger is preferably a plate heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant is preferably selected from HFC hydrofluorocarbons (for example R134A, R407C, R404A & R410A) which are the most common. It is also possible to use hydrocarbons, and more particularly propane as a refrigerant. CO 2 can also be used.
- a preferred refrigerant for the system of the present invention is R134A or 410A for the heat pump.
- a preferred refrigerant for the system of the present invention is typically, but not exclusively R404A for the refrigeration assembly.
- the operation of the present invention is not limited to the selection of one of the existing fluids on the market, and other fluids can be envisaged.
- the heat pump 3 of the system 1 allows the use of all types of thermal loads known to those skilled in the art for heating and air conditioning, such as heated floors, cooling fan convectors.
- the loads can also be air handling units for the dehumidification of swimming pools and the treatment of fresh air premises, or industrial process water circuits requiring the use of hot water and / or Cold water.
- the heat pump 3 of the system 1 according to the invention may be an air / water type heat pump, that is to say a heat pump using the outside air and / or air extracted as a heat source in heating mode or a water / water type heat pump, ie a heat pump using a water circuit in the outdoor soil as a source of heat. heating mode.
- An advantageous thermal source for the heat pump 3 is a geothermal loop.
- the refrigeration assembly 36A of the system 1 comprises an air / air refrigeration circuit, that is to say that the air is cooled to a temperature T4 said refrigeration average temperature typically allowing the conservation of fresh food (forming, milk etc.) or is cooled to a lower T5 temperature called low temperature refrigeration typically allowing the preservation of frozen products.
- the captured heat is typically discharged into the outside air via the compressor 17 and the refrigerant / air exchanger 12.
- the heat exchangers on the source and the load are adapted to the type of refrigeration assembly and the type of application according to the criteria generally known to those skilled in the art.
- the system 36A may be provided with a heat exchanger 15 for delivering hot water at the temperature T1.
- the system 1 also comprises a heat pump of modular construction using the absorption cycle 27, and at least one electric accumulator 19.
- the module Pa 37 of said heat pump comprising an absorber 28, a generator 29, a circulation pump 30, an evaporator 31 located at the inlet of the absorber, a suitable expansion valve 32 and a condenser 33 placed at the generator outlet, a refrigerant 34 and an absorbent 35.
- the heat pump using the absorption cycle 27 is based on decreasing the solubility of a gas in a refrigerant when the temperature increases.
- the refrigerant / absorbent current pairs are respectively the ammonia / water pair and the water / lithium bromide pair.
- the refrigerant is absorbed in a deg C solution of the absorber 28, the solution enriched with refrigerant is transferred to the generator 29 through the circulation pump 30.
- the solution is then heated, which causes the separation of the refrigerant and an increase in pressure and temperature.
- the refrigerant flows to the condenser 33 where it condenses by rejecting heat. It then passes through an expansion system 32 and reaches the evaporator 31 where it evaporates by absorbing heat. He then joins the absorber 28, and the cycle begins again.
- Heat pumps using the absorption cycle are known as such. They are less used because they are more expensive than heat pumps using the mechanical vapor compression refrigeration cycle. However, heat pumps using the absorption cycle require little electrical power, mainly for auxiliary components and control. Most of the energy required for the absorption cycle is thermal and typically comes from the combustion of fossil energy in a burner. In the system according to the invention, the heat pump using the absorption cycle 27 can be supplied with thermal energy by any suitable source, in particular by the heat generated by one of the combustion engines 2, by the fuel cell 22 or by a solar thermal collector.
- the system 1 comprises a generator module connected to a heat pump module, said system simultaneously allows:
- the system 1 according to this mode of the invention also allows the production of one or two or three elements selected from cold water, hot water, hot water and electricity.
- the cold water has a temperature T3 typically between -8 and +15 C (case of water added with glycol) or between 4 and 15 and 15 ° C (case of water). This temperature is preferably between 5 and 9 ° C.
- the so-called hot water produced by the heat pump 3 has a temperature T1 typically between 20 and 60 0 C, and preferably between 30 and 60 0 C.
- the so-called hot water (typically domestic hot water) reaches a temperature T2> T1 typically between 40 and 75 ° C, and preferably 55 and 75 ° C.
- system 1 comprises a generator module connected to a refrigeration module, said system simultaneously allows:
- thermodynamic conditions evaporation temperature T4 or T5
- a heat exchanger 66 refrigerant / air the supply of very cold air for refrigeration applications
- a system 1 comprising one or more heat pump and refrigeration modules according to the invention thus makes it possible to provide:
- the cold water has a temperature T3 typically between -8 and +15 0 C (case of water added glycol) or between 4 and 4 and 15 0 C (water case). This temperature is preferably between 5 and 9 ° C.
- the so-called hot water produced by the heat pump 3 is typically a temperature T1 between 20 and 6O 0 C, and preferably between 30 and 60 0 C;
- the so-called hot water (typically domestic hot water) reaches a temperature T2> T1 typically between 40 and 75 ° C, and preferably 55 and 75 ° C;
- the refrigerant at the thermodynamic conditions of the medium temperature refrigeration has a T4 evaporation temperature typically between -15 ° C and 5 ° C and preferably between -10 0 C and -5 ° C;
- the refrigerant at the thermodynamic conditions of low temperature refrigeration has a T5 evaporation temperature typically between -40 0 C and
- the heat is recovered at a time on the cooling circuit of the combustion engine 2 and on the exhaust gases of the engine.
- the electric power generator is a fuel cell 22, possibly associated with an AC direct current converter
- the heat is recovered on the cooling circuit of the fuel cell 22, to which an exchange circuit is optionally added. thermal placed on the power converter.
- the electric power generator is a photovoltaic solar panel 23, possibly associated with an AC direct current converter
- the heat is advantageously recovered by a heat exchange circuit placed under the photovoltaic cells, and / or by a light circuit. heat exchange placed on the power converter. This has a more favorable energy efficiency than using an electrical resistance to heat the water.
- the so-called cold water is obtained at a temperature T3 ⁇ T1 typically between typically between -8 and +15 0 C (case of water containing glycol) or between 4 and 15 ° C (water case). This temperature is preferably between 5 and 9 ° C.
- T1 is between 20 ° C. and 60 ° C.
- T2> T1 is between 40 ° C. and 75 ° C.
- T3 ⁇ T1 is between -5 ° C. and + 15 ° C.
- T4 ⁇ T3 is between -15 and 5 ° C
- T5 is between -45 ° C and -25 ° C
- the system 1 according to the invention is further provided with a control system, preferably electronic (not shown, preferably located in a cabinet called cabinet power and regulation, which it is preferably located in the module generator G 38).
- This regulation system can operate with several set points, thus enabling the start-up of the system according to the invention as a function of the cold water requirements at temperature T3, and / or hot water at temperature T1 and / or water very hot at T2 temperature, or refrigerant at temperatures T4 or T5 and make the choice to return some of the electrical energy generated by the system to the external power network. It will be described in greater detail below.
- the engine 2 is supplied with fuel via an inlet 4.
- the electricity produced by the AC generator is used to operate the electrical and / or electronic elements of the system according to the invention, such as solenoid valves, one or more motor fans 21 associated with the heat exchanger 12 , and the electronic control system.
- a portion of the electricity produced by the AC generator can be used for powering devices or electrical devices located outside the system according to the invention, such as lighting for example.
- the AC generator is a combustion engine 2
- about 40 to 60% of the energy supplied to said engine 2 is recovered as heat energy 6 for heating the domestic hot water.
- the rest of the energy (typically between 3 and 25%) being dissipated in the form of losses 7.
- the heat pump 3 whose compressor 17 is supplied with electricity 20 produced by the AC generator provides cold water 13, with a COP "air conditioning" between 2.9 and 3.5.
- the system also supplies hot water 14 at the same time, with a heating COP of between 3 and 5.
- At least one heat exchanger 8 placed on the combustion engine 2 can recover heat 6 emitted by the engine 2.
- At least one heat exchanger (not shown) is placed on the exhaust gas circuit of the engine, and at least one second heat exchanger is placed on the liquid cooling circuit of the engine 2.
- the system 1 is of modular design and comprises at least one electric power generator module G 38 and one or more (N) production modules P each comprising one or two sets of heat pump 36D or refrigeration 36E .
- the electric power generator module may comprise at least one combustion engine 2.
- each of the N heat pump modules Pc and / or refrigeration Pr (i.e. of vapor compression type) of the system 1 according to the invention comprises
- a first heat exchanger 11 located at the suction of the compressor 17 when the system operates in air conditioning mode
- a second heat exchanger 12 located at the discharge of the compressor 17 when the system operates in air conditioning mode
- a third heat exchanger 15 preferably a plate heat exchanger
- a heat exchanger 66 which may be located in a specific isothermal module forming part of the modular design system or may be situated away from the modular design system, in the enclosure of a building.
- These components are arranged inside a frame having.
- the heat pump modules Pc are preferably identical, in particular as regards their essential components and their dimensioning. This allows them to be mass-produced. This also facilitates their maintenance and repair, because one can simply exchange a faulty module by a module in working condition and repair the faulty module without being connected to the system 1.
- the heat pump module Pc comprises two compression heat pump assemblies 36D
- the mixed module Pm comprises a heat pump assembly 36D and a refrigeration assembly 36D
- the refrigeration module 36A comprises two refrigeration units 36E.
- These modules are made in the form of a chassis, said chassis being traversed by collector pipes, possibly by a fuel inlet pipe, and by electric power and regulation cables.
- Said frame is also provided with means for connecting the various pipes and cables to the system.
- the dimensions of such a so-called production module frame are: length 1700 mm, width 2200 mm, height 2420 mm.
- Said frame typically encloses
- At least one compressor advantageously with variable power
- At least one plate exchanger at least one plate exchanger, - Auxiliary components of a heat pump or refrigeration system of known type, such as a four-way valve, two-way refrigerant valves, and one or more refrigeration valves.
- a liquid tank for containing coolant for containing coolant.
- the absorption heat pump module Pa can be made in the form of a chassis, said chassis being traversed by collecting pipes, by a pipe of arrival of fuel and electric power and regulation cables.
- Said frame is also provided with means for connecting the various pipes and cables to the system.
- Said frame typically contains at least the following elements:
- an absorption heat pump such as: a pump, pressure reducers.
- the current generating module G can be made in the form of a chassis, said chassis being traversed by a fuel supply pipe and by power cables and regulation.
- Said frame is also provided with means for connecting the various pipes and cables to the system.
- Said frame typically contains at least one heat engine type current generator connected to its alternator or a fuel cell, an exchanger for heat exchange between the current generator (s) and very hot water, a power cabinet and overall system regulation; optionally, other current-generating sources, such as a fuel cell and possibly its alternator, or even other external thermal sources (such as connections to the solar thermal collectors) can be arranged in the same frame of the current generator module.
- the dimensions of such a generator module frame are: length 2300 mm, width 2300 mm, height 2420 mm.
- the combustion engine 2 is preferably a motor adapted for natural gas. This may be for example a motor of a displacement of 2 liters to 4.6 liters of the standard type as used in certain motor vehicles with gasoline or diesel industrial vehicles, but specifically adapted for the use with natural gas.
- a combination of two motors 2 of identical or different displacement is used, according to the needs of the user.
- connection for an external heat transfer fluid that provides thermal energy, for example from a solar thermal collector or a geothermal loop; this connection is advantageously at the generation level because it simplifies both the design and regulation of the system 1.
- a single electric current generator is advantageously used, but this depends on the energy dimensioning of the system.
- Two electric current generators can be used, preferably arranged in the same generator module G; one of these two generators is advantageously a combustion engine 2.
- Two combustion engines can be used, either in the same current generator module, or in two separate modules. It is preferable to integrate them in the same module, because this makes it possible to share certain components such as the lubrication and / or cooling circuits.
- the use of two combustion engines 2 optimizes their use according to the needs of hot water, very hot water, cold water and electrical power generated.
- both engines are gasoline or natural gas engines, and the energy requirement they must provide is quite low, it may be preferable, in order to preserve the life of the engines or to optimize their COP, to use only one of the two engines, whereas in the case where the two combustion engines 2 are diesel engines, it may be preferable to use two at partial load that one at full load.
- the existence of two motors therefore increases the flexibility of use of the system 1 and also provides redundancy in case of engine failure. Of course we can also use more than two engines.
- current type motors developed for mass-produced automobiles are used because this ensures a very attractive purchase price and reliable maintenance.
- the alternators are contacted with a heat exchanger to recover at least a portion of the heat energy in which a portion of the heat is transformed.
- electrical energy knowing that the energy efficiency of an alternator is always less than 100%.
- This heat exchanger then heats a coolant that has entered a heat pump circuit.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a particular embodiment comprising two cogeneration assemblies, which can be integrated in the same generator module G, connected to a plurality of steam compression type heat pump modules Pc.
- the different heat pump modules are interconnected by customer input collectors Ce1, Ce3, and customer output collectors Cs1, Cs3.
- Customer input ducts Ce2 and customer output ducts Cs2 are provided at the level of the hot water circuit 9.
- FIGS. 8a to 8c illustrate better an exemplary embodiment of a system comprising several compression heat pump modules 36, in this case three modules, connected to two absorption heat pump modules 37, which are connected to a current generator module 38. These modules 36, 37, 38 are individually illustrated in FIGS.
- a frame 44 of the heat pump module 36 or 37 is seen through which four collectors 39a, 39b, 39c, 39d pass through, the diameter of the collectors being able to be adapted to water flows necessary for the application, by power cables 41 and control cables 42.
- the frame 44 forms an open housing on the sides so that it can be traversed by the fluid collectors and electric cables ues, possibly even be crossed by piping 40 gas if necessary (for example to connect a remote absorption heat pump module 37 to the generator module 39 through a compression heat pump module 36).
- the manifold 39a is a manifold for the inlet, the manifold 39b a manifold for the fluid outlet.
- the other two collectors 39c for the input and 39d for the output, are intended for heat recovery in cooling mode; they are then connected to the third optional heat exchanger 15 present in this variant in the compression heat pump module 36, and operating on the same principle as the exchanger 15 of the Pc module.
- a third recovery heat exchanger (not shown) may also be present in the absorption heat pump module 37.
- the generator module 38 is also constructed as a frame 64, forming an open housing on the sides so that fluid manifolds and electrical cables can pass therethrough.
- a compression heat pump module 36 comprises, inside its chassis 44, two heat pump assemblies each comprising a ventilation 21, a refrigerant exchanger. 12, a four-way valve 46, a refrigeration compressor 17, a liquid cut-off bottle 48, a refrigerant / water plate heat exchanger 11, a liquid reservoir 50 and an optional plate heat exchanger, refrigerant / reclaimed water 15.
- the four-way valve is replaced by four two-way refrigerated valves 65A, 65B, 65C, 65D
- An absorption heat pump module 37 comprises, inside a frame 44, and as best seen in FIGS. 8a to 8c and 6b and 6c, a ventilation 21, a refrigerant / air exchanger 54, an absorber 51 , a generator 52 and a refrigerant / water plate heat exchanger 53. These modules 36,37 operate on the same principle as the modules Pc and Pa, as previously described.
- FIG. 17 schematically represents a heat pump assembly according to a first embodiment of the invention, in particular a reversible heat pump with a four-way valve 46.
- the regulation of the machine will satisfy the heating power requirement by regulating the power of the refrigerating compressor in order to respect the hot water temperature T1.
- the four-way valve 46 connects the discharge pipe of the compressor to the heat exchanger 11.
- the regulator 10 regulates the flow of fluid refrigerant to maintain an overheating of this fluid when leaving the heat exchanger 12.
- the four-way valve 46 connects the exchanger 12 to the suction pipe of the compressor 17.
- the control loop relates to the hot water temperature T1 Leaving the heat exchanger 11.
- T1 the hot water temperature
- the regulator 10 regulates the flow of fluid as it leaves the heat exchanger 11.
- the four-way valve 46 connects the discharge pipe of the compressor 17 at the exchanger 12.
- the regulator 10 regulates the flow of refrigerant to maintain an overheating of this fluid when it leaves the heat exchanger 11.
- the four-way valve 46 connects the exchanger 11 to the suction pipe of the compressor 17.
- FIG. 18 schematically represents a heat pump assembly according to a second embodiment of the invention, in particular a reversible heat pump with a recovery exchanger 15 and four two-way refrigerated valves (or self-contained valves) 65A, 65B, 65C, 65D.
- a reversible heat pump with a recovery exchanger 15 and four two-way refrigerated valves (or self-contained valves) 65A, 65B, 65C, 65D.
- the machine When the heat pump assembly of FIG. 18 operates in cooling mode, the machine will satisfy the cooling capacity requirement by regulating the power of the refrigerating compressor 17 to respect the cold water temperature T3. All available heat is then rejected to the outside air through the heat exchanger 12.
- the solenoid valve 65B is open, all other solenoids are closed.
- the regulator 10A regulates the flow of refrigerant to maintain overheating of this fluid when it leaves the exchanger 11.
- the regulators 10B and 10C are closed.
- the regulation loop concerns the temperature of cold water T3 leaving the exchanger 11.
- the control of the machine When the heat pump assembly of FIG. 18 operates in cooling and heat recovery mode, the control of the machine will satisfy the cooling capacity requirement by regulating the power of the refrigeration compressor to respect the cold water temperature T3.
- the available heat is supplied to the water recovery circuit through exchanger 15.
- Solenoid valve 65C is open, all other solenoid valves are closed.
- the regulator 1OB regulates the flow of refrigerant to maintain overheating of this fluid when it leaves the exchanger 11.
- the regulators 10A and 10C are closed.
- the regulation loop concerns the temperature of cold water T3 leaving the exchanger 11.
- the control of the machine will satisfy the cooling capacity requirement by regulating the power of the refrigeration compressor in order to respect the temperature of the heat pump. cold water T3.
- the available heat is sent to the water recovery circuit via the exchanger 15. If the amount of available heat is greater than the needs, then the excess is sent to the exchanger 12.
- the solenoid valves 65B and 65C are open, all other solenoid valves are closed.
- the regulators 10A and 10B together regulate the refrigerant flow rate to maintain an overheating of this fluid when it leaves the heat exchanger 11.
- the regulator 10C is closed. Two parallel control loops are found in operation: a first relating to the cold water temperature T3 leaving the heat exchanger 11 and a second which controls the temperature of hot water T1 leaving the heat exchanger 15.
- the control of the machine will satisfy the heating power requirement by regulating the power of the refrigerating compressor in order to respect the hot water temperature T1.
- the available heat extracted from the air by the exchanger 12 is sent to the water recovery circuit via the exchanger 15.
- the solenoid valves 65A and 65C are open, all other solenoid valves being closed.
- the regulator 10C together regulates the refrigerant flow rate to maintain an overheating of this fluid when it leaves the exchanger 12.
- the regulators 10A and 10B are closed.
- the regulation loop concerns the temperature of hot water T1 leaving the exchanger 15.
- the regulation of the machine will satisfy the need for cooling capacity to respect the cold water temperature T3 (heat exchanger 11). Moreover, the regulation of the machine will satisfy the heat capacity requirement by regulating the power of the refrigerating compressor in order to respect the temperature of hot water T1 (exchanger 15). The additional power is extracted from the air through the exchanger 12.
- the solenoid valves 65A and 65C are open, all other solenoid valves are closed.
- the regulator 1OC regulates the refrigerant flow rate to maintain an overheating of this fluid when it leaves the exchanger 12.
- the regulator 1OB regulates the refrigerant flow rate to maintain an overheating of this fluid when it leaves the exchanger 11.
- the regulator 1OA is closed. Two parallel control loops are found in operation: a first relating to the temperature of hot water T1 leaving the exchanger 15 and a second relating to the temperature of cold water T3 leaving the exchanger 11.
- the machine When the heat pump assembly of FIG. 18 operates in defrosting mode, the machine will extract heat at the recovery circuit through the heat exchanger 15. This heat will be sent to the heat exchanger 12 in order to defrost. Solenoid valves 65B and 65D are open, the other solenoid valves are closed. The regulator 10C controls the overheating of the refrigerant leaving the exchanger 15, the other regulators being closed. The control of the machine starts the defrost and stops it based on the information given by the pressure and temperature sensors of the circuit.
- the current generating module 38 comprises a frame 64, provided with a fuel inlet 55 communicating with the pipe 40 of the module 37.
- the frame 64 comprises at least one generator current, which may be a combustion engine and its current generator 56, or a fuel cell with its inverter 57.
- a connection of the external thermal sources 58 may be provided for solar thermal collectors or other hot water sources.
- An exchanger 59 is provided to perform the heat exchange between the current generator and the very hot water.
- the frame 64 also contains a power cabinet and overall regulation system 60, said cabinet being provided with connections to a power cabling 61 for the arrival of energy from a photovoltaic panel, a wiring 62 for network arrival external electrical and power wiring 63 for sending electrical energy to the external power grid.
- FIG. 6 illustrates another particular embodiment comprising two generator modules G, 38 connected to a steam compression type heat pump module Pc, 36 and to a plurality of refrigeration modules Pr, 36A.
- the various refrigeration modules Pr are interconnected and connected to the heat pump module Pc by customer input collectors Ce3 and by customer output collector Cs3.
- the balancing of the water flows in the modular heat exchangers is done in this case using balancing valves of the system.
- FIGS. 12a to 12f illustrate better an embodiment of a refrigeration module 36A comprising two refrigeration assemblies 36E on a common chassis. More particularly, the detail view 12f illustrates on an enlarged scale the inlet and outlet connection pipes to the cold water circuit 13, the inlet and outlet connection pipes to the hot water circuit 14, as well as the four refrigerant conduits including two suction 16a and two liquid 16b for connecting the two refrigeration units 36E to a refrigerant / air exchanger 66 located remotely, being external to the module 36A.
- Figs. 12a and 12b are front and rear views of the refrigeration module 36E
- Fig. 12b shows a side view of a refrigeration module 36A having two refrigeration assemblies 36E
- Fig. 12d is a perspective view of the refrigeration module.
- FIG. 36A and Figure 12e is a sectional view of the module 36A made with the plane DD of Figure 12b.
- the refrigeration module 36A comprising two refrigeration assemblies 36E has a total symmetry vertically, which allows to advantageously arrange all the components of the two refrigeration units on a common frame of the module.
- FIGS. 13a to 13f better illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a mixed module 36B comprising a refrigeration assembly 36E and a heat pump assembly 36D on a common chassis. More particularly, the detail view 13f illustrates on an enlarged scale the inlet and outlet connection pipes to the cold water circuit 13, the inlet and outlet connection pipes to the hot water circuit 14, as well as the two refrigerant conduits including a suction 16a and a liquid 16b for connecting the refrigeration assembly 36E to a refrigerant / air exchanger 66 located remotely, being external to the module 36A.
- Figures 13a and 13b are front and rear views of the mixed module 36B
- Figure 13b shows a side view of a module 36B
- Figure 13d is a perspective view of the mixed module 36B
- Figure 13e is a sectional view taken with the EE plane of Figure 13b.
- FIGS. 14a to 14c illustrate better an exemplary embodiment of a system of the invention comprising a generator module 38 connected to a mixed module 36B comprising a refrigeration assembly 36E and a heat pump assembly 36D on a common chassis.
- FIG. 14a is a side view of the assembly
- FIG. 14b is a front view of the assembly
- FIG. 14c is a perspective view of the generator module assembly 38 and mixed module 36B.
- Figure 15 is a front view illustrating an embodiment of a system of the invention comprising a generator module 38 connected to a compression heat pump module 36 and a refrigeration module 36A.
- FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system of the invention comprising a generator module 38 connected to a compression heat pump module 36, to a refrigeration module 36A, connected to a first isothermal module 36C comprising an evaporator 66 and a second isothermal module comprising an evaporator 66.
- Multi-energy or multi-energy supply typically electricity / natural gas or fuel
- the system according to the invention has a higher efficiency than the systems of the state of the art, even recent ones, such as gas-fired boilers.
- a total power of 60 to 900 kW is typically obtained thanks to the modular structure of the system according to the invention, respecting the geometric dimensions of a truck of standard size in Europe (maximum length of the load: 13 meters).
- the vapor compression heat pump module comprises two heat pump assemblies each comprising a compressor (typically scroll compressors, also called a scroll compressor), a fan, an air / refrigerant exchanger. (called “battery”) reversible V and two plate heat exchangers water / refrigerant circuit (including an optional for the heat recovery circuit).
- a compressor typically scroll compressors, also called a scroll compressor
- a fan typically blows the fan
- an air / refrigerant exchanger air / refrigerant exchanger.
- battery air / refrigerant exchanger
- two plate heat exchangers water / refrigerant circuit (including an optional for the heat recovery circuit).
- the heat pump module can operate in heating alone mode or air conditioning only with possible recovery on an independent circuit.
- the battery on the air is in evaporator mode, while the plate heat exchanger operates in condenser mode.
- a supplement of heat can come if necessary from the heat recovered on the cooling circuit of the combustion engine and on its exhaust fumes. It is also possible to recover the heat of the engine at a very hot temperature T2.
- the battery on the outside air operates in condenser mode, while the plate heat exchanger operates in evaporator mode. This allows the production of cold water, and offers the possibility of also providing hot water at T2 temperature on an independent circuit through the recovery on the cooling circuit of the combustion engine and its exhaust gas.
- the heat pump module In heating mode alone, the heat pump module partially heats the water, and the heat recovery on the combustion engine cooling and its exhaust gases provide additional heat, if necessary, to provide, for example, heat. water at a typical temperature of 45 C C.
- the heat pump module cools the cold water, for example at a temperature of 7 ° C, while independently, it can be generated from the hot or very hot by recovering the heat generated by the electric power generator module (combustion engine), according to the needs of the consumer.
- the system can simultaneously produce hot water for heating and cold water for cooling in both summer and winter.
- the batteries are then not used on the outside air, but only the reversible plate heat exchangers: one operates in condenser mode to produce hot water, the other operates in evaporator mode to produce water cold.
- the heat recovery module of the electrical energy generator is used for additional heat on the production of hot water or very hot (sanitary water).
- the system 1 is controlled by at least one computer machine comprising at least one microprocessor and at least one data entry interface. . Data is entered into the microprocessor of said computer machine through said data entry interface.
- the invention also relates to a method of regulating a system 1 according to the invention. Here we describe this mode of regulation.
- a first step (a) at least one piece of data called “base data” is entered into said microprocessor.
- This basic data is typically entered into the microprocessor either during its initial programming at the factory, or during the start-up of the system 1 at the user's site (parameterization of the control for the given installation), or again by the user over time during the use of the system 1 (first level setting to take account of basic evolutions, for example the cost of energy).
- the performance tables giving the supplied cooling capacity, the heat output supplied, the electric power consumed, the quantity of fuel consumed if applicable (case of the absorption heat pump) within its operating range.
- These performance tables are defined by the water temperatures of each circuit (T1.T2 and T3, T4 and T5), the fluid flow of the associated exchangers, and the ambient air inlet temperature.
- the control mode may provide that any operation with one or more of these parameters outside the defined operating range is prohibited.
- a second step (b) at least one piece of data called “instantaneous data” is entered.
- instantaneous data are typically input to the microprocessor during its operation by the measuring equipment that comprise the various components of the system 1, or by a device external to the system 1 (for example by an electrical contact of the type "erasing peak day of the electrical network ", via an Ethernet network etc ..) communicating some of these data to the installation.
- This at least one instantaneous data is selected from the group formed by:
- a third step (c) at least one datum called “target datum” is defined to which is assigned a value called “target value”, said target datum being selected from the group formed by:
- a complementary target data such as the minimum electrical power to be supplied to the network (in the case of emergency generator operation, for example).
- Said at least one target datum and its associated target value are input to the microprocessor.
- a fourth step (d) the system 1 is controlled with the aid of said computer machine so as to achieve, for each of the selected target data, the determined target value or values, said regulation being performed by comparing the current value of the selected target data, which is determined from time to time or in a regular or continuous manner, taking into account the selected basic data or data and the instantaneous data (s) selected, and adjusting at least one data item called "adjustment data" selected in the group formed by
- (dd1) the type, the number of current generators in operation, and the electrical power supplied by each of said generators (advantageously by selecting the generators according to their characteristics vis-à-vis the selected target data);
- control method may include a weighting algorithm for determining a target parameter from the target values.
- the target data is the maximum global COP of the system 1, or its minimal CO 2 impact (data dc4), one will seek inter alia to follow the following rules: - We will seek to operate the current generators in their area of maximum efficiency (full load for example for a combustion engine 2 running on natural gas);
- the priority target data is the energy cost as the minimum energy cost of system 1 (data dc5)
- the approach is similar to the optimization of the previous example, but the parameterizable coefficients for each type of energy become the following:
- each energy outside system 1 typically electrical energy from the grid or fossil fuel energy or biogas
- the cost of electricity may vary according to the time of year but may also depend on consumption thresholds in the day or year, where these thresholds are related to This weighting can of course change over the life of the installation and can therefore be parameterized as part of the overall system control method).
- the system according to the invention can be advantageously used in balneotherapy, thalassotherapy, collective housing, for heating swimming pools, in hospitals or nursing homes, in hotels or tourist homes.
- the system can also be used advantageously in agricultural applications where there is a need for heating capacity, and possibly cooling capacity, or both simultaneously.
- the primary fuel of the system could then be natural gas of the biogas but it could also be biogas from the biomass that would be available, or even possibly generated on the site of the application itself.
- a first series of applications preferably concerns agricultural greenhouses using, for example, natural gas as a primary fuel.
- a second series of applications relates to anaerobic digestion units, the system of the invention then using the biogas produced on site.
- the system according to the invention is also used in industrial processes requiring simultaneous heating and cooling of water, used at different points of the process. This is the case for example of certain agrifood processes.
- the system according to the invention is also used in industrial processes requiring the cooling of air at medium refrigeration temperatures and low temperature used at different points of the process. This is the case, for example, of certain agrifood processes, particularly in supermarket type applications.
- Another advantage of the system according to the invention is its design flexibility and its flexibility of use.
- the flexibility of use permanently allows the optimal choice of the type or types of energies used and / or provided, according to external parameters and target parameters (objectives), by means of an appropriate regulation method.
- the design flexibility allows the optimization of the device according to the foreseeable needs of the user, especially in terms of heat capacity, water requirements of different temperatures. This optimization is exerted notably by the choice of the type and the number of heat pump modules, and by the choice of the type and number of electric generator module.
- generator module (s) integrable with the device, combined with the flexibility of use of the device, allow to meet this need.
- the choice of generator module (s) will depend, among other things: on the power required to power the device; the existence of expensive electrical thresholds on the site (for example purchase of transformer, consumption thresholds) that it will be interesting not to cross, characteristics of the site (existence of renewable energy of the wind or photovoltaic type), the desired noise level or the desired efficiency (interest of the fuel cell).
- CO 2 impact Importance of the CO 2 impact for the installation in question (compliance with a HQE High Environmental Quality label, for example) and evaluation of the CO 2 impact of the electrical energy of the network.
- the device offers a combination of design solutions to adapt effectively to each case.
- the flexibility of use takes into account in particular the multiplicity of energies capable of supplying the different components of the system 1 according to the invention, as well as the multiplicity of energy flows that can be produced by the system 1.
- All of the above modules are powered by one or more of the following energies: fossil fuels (including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gas oil, gasoline), biofuels, hydrogen and electricity.
- the heat pump modules can typically utilize the following two conventional cycles: the mechanical vapor compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption cycle.
- the conventional water networks connected to the heat pumps can be completed in the device by a water network resulting from solar thermal collectors.
- the electricity generating modules can use various technologies such as heat engine and alternator, photovoltaic solar panel 23, wind turbine, turbine or fuel cell.
- the cost of purchasing each energy outside the device typically electricity from the grid or fossil fuel or biogas energy
- the cost of electric energy may vary according to the period of the year but may also depend on consumption thresholds in the day or in the year, where these thresholds are linked to the subscription electrical installation. These weights can of course evolve during the life of the installation and are therefore configurable as part of the overall control method of the device.
- Possible resale price to the electrical energy network if necessary to be produced by the generator module (s) of the device. This price may also vary, according to rules generally similar to those that apply to the cost of purchasing electricity.
- module G Five different electrical generator modules (module G) have been manufactured:
- module P A unique model of heat pump module (module P) was manufactured, which included:
- modules P may further comprise a buffer tank, an expansion tank, a circulator, refrigerating and hydraulic valves.
- auxiliary components are powered by the external power grid.
- the compressors are powered either by the electrical energy generated by the module or by the external electrical network.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/388,503 US20120125029A1 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Modular multi-energy thermodynamic device |
| CA2776831A CA2776831A1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-energie modulaire |
| RU2012108075/06A RU2534184C2 (ru) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Модульное мультиэнергетическое термодинамическое устройство |
| NZ597883A NZ597883A (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | A system configured to simultaneously produce electricity, water at a first temperature, water at a second temperature greater then the first temperature, and water at a third temperature greater than the second temperature. |
| EP10757234A EP2462389A1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie modulaire |
| UAA201202540A UA108476C2 (uk) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Модульний мультиенергетичний термодинамічний пристрій |
| AU2010280608A AU2010280608B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Modular multi-energy thermodynamic device |
| BR112012002566-0A BR112012002566A2 (pt) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | dispositivo termodinâmico multi-energia modular |
| MA34551A MA33444B1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie modulaire |
| TNP2012000016A TN2012000016A1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2012-01-12 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi -energie modulaire |
| IN975DEN2012 IN2012DN00975A (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2012-02-02 | |
| IL217910A IL217910A (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2012-02-02 | Modular thermodynamic multi-energy facility |
| ZA2012/00850A ZA201200850B (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2012-02-03 | Modular multi-energy thermodynamic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0903858 | 2009-08-04 | ||
| FR0903858A FR2948990A1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2009-08-04 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-energie modulaire |
| FR0903873A FR2948991B1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2009-08-05 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-energie modulaire |
| FR0903873 | 2009-08-05 | ||
| FR1000498 | 2010-02-08 | ||
| FR1000498A FR2948992B1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-02-08 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-energie modulaire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011015731A1 true WO2011015731A1 (fr) | 2011-02-10 |
Family
ID=42035997
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2010/000564 Ceased WO2011015731A1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie modulaire |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120125029A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2462389A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112012002566A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2776831A1 (fr) |
| FR (3) | FR2948990A1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL217910A (fr) |
| IN (1) | IN2012DN00975A (fr) |
| MA (1) | MA33444B1 (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ597883A (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2534184C2 (fr) |
| TN (1) | TN2012000016A1 (fr) |
| UA (1) | UA108476C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011015731A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201200850B (fr) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013103532A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-11 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Générateur dans le domaine des polycarburants |
| FR2991440A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-06 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Procede de regulation d'une installation comprenant des appareils de cogeneration et des systemes thermodynamiques destines a la climatisation et/ou au chauffage |
| US8810053B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2014-08-19 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient fuel consumption |
| USD733052S1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2015-06-30 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
| US9188033B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-17 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator and methods of use thereof |
| US9909534B2 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2018-03-06 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Carbureted engine having an adjustable fuel to air ratio |
| US10030609B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2018-07-24 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
| USD827572S1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-09-04 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
| WO2019005678A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-03 | Imby Energy, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de cogénération pour générer de la chaleur et de l'électricité |
| CN112594957A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-02 | 浙江艾奇尼环境科技有限公司 | 一种在蒸酒领域应用的空气源热泵系统 |
| WO2022015555A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-20 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Système de conditionnement à écoulement de fluide frigorigène variable |
| US11781760B2 (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2023-10-10 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Integrated space conditioning and water heating systems and methods thereto |
| US12203683B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2025-01-21 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for heating water with refrigerant from air conditioning system |
| US12449139B2 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2025-10-21 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Combined space and water heating systems |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009011475B4 (de) * | 2009-03-06 | 2012-05-16 | Lichtblick Zuhausekraftwerk Gmbh | Modulares Blockheizkraftwerk |
| WO2011142017A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Système de pile à combustible pour véhicules et véhicule à pile à combustible |
| US9385531B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2016-07-05 | Bennett Hill Branscomb | System and method for optimizing returns of power feedstock producers |
| US10274210B2 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2019-04-30 | Nortek Air Solutions Canada, Inc. | Heat pump humidifier and dehumidifier system and method |
| US9768461B2 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2017-09-19 | Electrygen Pty Ltd | Renewal energy power generation system |
| DE102012014513B4 (de) * | 2012-07-23 | 2019-12-19 | Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes | Energieversorgungsanlage |
| US9772124B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-09-26 | Nortek Air Solutions Canada, Inc. | Heat pump defrosting system and method |
| EP3022504B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-19 | 2022-03-16 | Schneider Electric IT Corporation | Un système de climatisation pour un bâtiment, et procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de climatisation d'un bâtiment |
| DE102014205532A1 (de) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Kraftfahrzeug |
| CN105276856B (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2019-05-28 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 燃气热泵式空气调节系统 |
| US20160245565A1 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-08-25 | CSM Energy Solutions, LLC | Modular Heat Recovery System |
| DE102014223621A1 (de) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Lagerstättenheizung |
| CN104832967B (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-07-20 | 陈新 | 模块化组合式智能集热器系统 |
| US10088178B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2018-10-02 | MJC, Inc. | Multi-zone variable refrigerant flow heating/cooling unit |
| US20170038081A1 (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-09 | Patrick Lai | Air-treatment apparatus for use with building |
| DE102017001567B4 (de) * | 2017-02-20 | 2022-06-09 | Diehl Aerospace Gmbh | Verdampfer und Brennstoffzellenanordnung |
| ES2698773B2 (es) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-01-20 | Amorin Juan Jose Ortega | Sistema local de produccion y gestion energetica y procedimiento para funcionamiento de dicho sistema |
| US12173918B2 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2024-12-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus and air handling unit |
| US10939592B2 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-03-02 | Intel Corporation | Liquid cooling system with sub atmospheric pressure coolant |
| DE102019008914A1 (de) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wärmepumpe mit optimiertem Kältemittelkreislauf |
| CN213980948U (zh) | 2020-08-27 | 2021-08-17 | 康明斯电力公司 | 用于发电机组的容器 |
| CN213980949U (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-08-17 | 康明斯电力公司 | 用于发电机组的系统 |
| CN112622563B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-05-27 | 艾泰斯热系统研发(上海)有限公司 | 一种间接式热泵系统 |
| RU206650U1 (ru) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-09-21 | Владимир Васильевич Галайко | Бытовой компрессионный холодильник |
| US20230175706A1 (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-08 | Ohmium International, Inc. | Integrated systems for generating thermal energy and hydrogen |
| DE102024101232A1 (de) * | 2024-01-17 | 2025-07-17 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Luft-Wasser-Wärmepumpen-Baureihe mit Rollkolben-Verdichter |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3528917A1 (de) * | 1984-02-22 | 1987-02-19 | Meyer Fa Rud Otto | Anwendung des verfahrens zur temperaturregelung fuer motor-zulauf und heizungs-vorlauf von blockheizkraftwerken und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| US4971136A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1990-11-20 | Electric Power Research Institute | Dual fuel heat pump controller |
| DE10011538A1 (de) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-06 | Inst Luft Kaeltetech Gem Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Kühlung von Nutz- und Brauchwasser |
| FR2815486A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-19 | Jean Noel Rathelot | Groupe mobile de generation combinee d'electricite, de chaud et de froid |
| WO2003095250A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Systeme de pompe a chaleur vehiculaire et module associe |
| DE10339564A1 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-11 | RÄSS, Martin | Blockheizkraftwerk und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben |
| DE10316165A1 (de) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-28 | Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gGmbH | Solare Kompakt-Milchkühlunit |
| JP2006029668A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ソーラー発電システム |
| EP1624262A1 (fr) * | 2003-05-15 | 2006-02-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigerateur |
| EP1628096A2 (fr) | 2004-08-17 | 2006-02-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Système de conditionnement d'air et de génération d'électricité avec chauffe-eau |
| EP1669700A1 (fr) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-14 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Appareil de chauffage et de refroidissement utilisant les pertes thermiques d'une pile à combustible |
| EP2085721A1 (fr) | 2008-02-04 | 2009-08-05 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie à production simultanée d'eau chaude, eau tiède, eau froide et électricité |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3116624C2 (de) * | 1981-04-27 | 1985-08-29 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Energieversorgungssystem für Wärme und Elektrizität |
| JP2005053325A (ja) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-03-03 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 車両用空調装置 |
| US7414347B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2008-08-19 | Emerson Electric Co. | End cap for segmented stator |
| KR100624815B1 (ko) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-09-20 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 코제너레이션 시스템의 배기가스 열교환기 |
| KR100579574B1 (ko) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-05-15 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 코제너레이션 시스템 |
| US7308799B1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-12-18 | Harrison Thomas D | Air conditioning system operating on vehicle waste energy |
-
2009
- 2009-08-04 FR FR0903858A patent/FR2948990A1/fr active Pending
- 2009-08-05 FR FR0903873A patent/FR2948991B1/fr active Active
-
2010
- 2010-02-08 FR FR1000498A patent/FR2948992B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-04 CA CA2776831A patent/CA2776831A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2010-08-04 NZ NZ597883A patent/NZ597883A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-04 WO PCT/FR2010/000564 patent/WO2011015731A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2010-08-04 RU RU2012108075/06A patent/RU2534184C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-04 EP EP10757234A patent/EP2462389A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-04 MA MA34551A patent/MA33444B1/fr unknown
- 2010-08-04 UA UAA201202540A patent/UA108476C2/uk unknown
- 2010-08-04 BR BR112012002566-0A patent/BR112012002566A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-04 US US13/388,503 patent/US20120125029A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-01-12 TN TNP2012000016A patent/TN2012000016A1/fr unknown
- 2012-02-02 IN IN975DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00975A/en unknown
- 2012-02-02 IL IL217910A patent/IL217910A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-02-03 ZA ZA2012/00850A patent/ZA201200850B/en unknown
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3528917A1 (de) * | 1984-02-22 | 1987-02-19 | Meyer Fa Rud Otto | Anwendung des verfahrens zur temperaturregelung fuer motor-zulauf und heizungs-vorlauf von blockheizkraftwerken und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| US4971136A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1990-11-20 | Electric Power Research Institute | Dual fuel heat pump controller |
| DE10011538A1 (de) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-06 | Inst Luft Kaeltetech Gem Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Kühlung von Nutz- und Brauchwasser |
| FR2815486A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-19 | Jean Noel Rathelot | Groupe mobile de generation combinee d'electricite, de chaud et de froid |
| WO2003095250A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Systeme de pompe a chaleur vehiculaire et module associe |
| DE10339564A1 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-11 | RÄSS, Martin | Blockheizkraftwerk und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben |
| DE10316165A1 (de) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-28 | Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gGmbH | Solare Kompakt-Milchkühlunit |
| EP1624262A1 (fr) * | 2003-05-15 | 2006-02-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigerateur |
| JP2006029668A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ソーラー発電システム |
| EP1628096A2 (fr) | 2004-08-17 | 2006-02-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Système de conditionnement d'air et de génération d'électricité avec chauffe-eau |
| EP1669700A1 (fr) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-14 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Appareil de chauffage et de refroidissement utilisant les pertes thermiques d'une pile à combustible |
| EP2085721A1 (fr) | 2008-02-04 | 2009-08-05 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie à production simultanée d'eau chaude, eau tiède, eau froide et électricité |
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9995248B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2018-06-12 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flex fuel field generator |
| US9188033B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-17 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator and methods of use thereof |
| WO2013103532A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-11 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Générateur dans le domaine des polycarburants |
| US9175601B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-03 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flex fuel field generator |
| US8810053B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2014-08-19 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient fuel consumption |
| US9450450B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-09-20 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient fuel consumption |
| AU2013273381B2 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2017-10-19 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Method of regulating a plant comprising cogenerating installations and thermodynamic systems intended for air conditioning and/or heating |
| EA025665B1 (ru) * | 2012-06-04 | 2017-01-30 | Мобайл Комфорт Холдинг | Способ регулирования установки, содержащей когенерационные аппараты и термодинамические системы, предназначенные для кондиционирования воздуха и/или нагревания |
| FR2991440A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-06 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Procede de regulation d'une installation comprenant des appareils de cogeneration et des systemes thermodynamiques destines a la climatisation et/ou au chauffage |
| WO2013182799A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | Mobile Comfort Holding | Procédé de régulation d'une installation comprenant des appareils de cogéneration et des systèmes thermodynamiques destines a la climatisation et/ou au chauffage |
| USD733052S1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2015-06-30 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
| USD794562S1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
| US12203683B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2025-01-21 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for heating water with refrigerant from air conditioning system |
| US9909534B2 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2018-03-06 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Carbureted engine having an adjustable fuel to air ratio |
| USD827572S1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-09-04 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
| US11655779B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2023-05-23 | The Dewey Electronics Corporation | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
| US11274634B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2022-03-15 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
| US10030609B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2018-07-24 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
| WO2019005678A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-03 | Imby Energy, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de cogénération pour générer de la chaleur et de l'électricité |
| WO2022015555A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-20 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Système de conditionnement à écoulement de fluide frigorigène variable |
| US11739952B2 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2023-08-29 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Integrated space conditioning and water heating/cooling systems and methods thereto |
| US12173909B2 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2024-12-24 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Integrated space conditioning and water heating/cooling systems and methods thereto |
| US11781760B2 (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2023-10-10 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Integrated space conditioning and water heating systems and methods thereto |
| US12449139B2 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2025-10-21 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Combined space and water heating systems |
| CN112594957A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-02 | 浙江艾奇尼环境科技有限公司 | 一种在蒸酒领域应用的空气源热泵系统 |
| CN112594957B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2024-05-28 | 浙江艾奇尼环境科技有限公司 | 一种在蒸酒领域应用的空气源热泵系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2776831A1 (fr) | 2012-02-01 |
| FR2948990A1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 |
| NZ597883A (en) | 2013-09-27 |
| FR2948991B1 (fr) | 2013-06-14 |
| AU2010280608A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
| FR2948992A1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 |
| IL217910A0 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| ZA201200850B (en) | 2013-05-29 |
| IL217910A (en) | 2016-12-29 |
| FR2948992B1 (fr) | 2013-06-21 |
| BR112012002566A2 (pt) | 2018-03-13 |
| UA108476C2 (uk) | 2015-05-12 |
| IN2012DN00975A (fr) | 2015-04-10 |
| US20120125029A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| TN2012000016A1 (fr) | 2013-09-19 |
| FR2948991A1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 |
| EP2462389A1 (fr) | 2012-06-13 |
| RU2534184C2 (ru) | 2014-11-27 |
| MA33444B1 (fr) | 2012-07-03 |
| RU2012108075A (ru) | 2013-09-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2462389A1 (fr) | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie modulaire | |
| EP2856040B1 (fr) | Procédé de régulation d'une installation comprenant des appareils de cogéneration et des systèmes thermodynamiques destines a la climatisation et/ou au chauffage | |
| US20080262857A1 (en) | Reducing the Cost of Distributed Electricity Generation Through Opportunity Generation | |
| Basrawi et al. | Effect of operation strategies on the economic and environmental performance of a micro gas turbine trigeneration system in a tropical region | |
| EP1978311A2 (fr) | Système de chauffage autonome et indépendant d'une autre source d'énergie | |
| EP3612769B1 (fr) | Chaudière thermodynamique à co2 et compresseur thermique | |
| Soltani et al. | Design, fabrication and performance assessment of a novel portable solar-based poly-generation system | |
| US20240405567A1 (en) | Multi-hybrid power generator system and method | |
| EP2149760B1 (fr) | Systéme d`alimentation et de gestion d`énergie électrique pour un dispositif thermodynamique | |
| FR2927161A1 (fr) | Dispositif thermodynamique polyvalent pour le chauffage et la climatisation | |
| EP4028695B1 (fr) | Systeme d'appoint pour un reseau de distribution d'energie thermique basse temperature | |
| EP2085721A1 (fr) | Dispositif thermodynamique multi-énergie à production simultanée d'eau chaude, eau tiède, eau froide et électricité | |
| US20150136114A1 (en) | Renewable energy storing | |
| DeValve et al. | Micro-CHP Systems for Residential Applications | |
| Alammari | Ice Thermal Energy Storage System for Economical and Sustainable AC in Buildings | |
| WO2009143933A2 (fr) | Systeme de chauffage solaire autonome et independant d'une autre source d'energie | |
| AU2005316188B2 (en) | Reducing the cost of distributed electricity generation through opportunity generation | |
| Ruud et al. | Designing a Zero Carbon Supermarket | |
| Renedo et al. | Cogeneration in District Heating Systems. | |
| Renedo Estébanez et al. | Cogeneration in district heating systems | |
| Rossi | Photovoltaic Thermal hybrid collectors for a district CCHP system: modelling and optimization |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10757234 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: DZP2012000034 Country of ref document: DZ Ref document number: 2010757234 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010280608 Country of ref document: AU |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2776831 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13388503 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 217910 Country of ref document: IL Ref document number: 975/DELNP/2012 Country of ref document: IN |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2010280608 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20100804 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: A201202540 Country of ref document: UA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012108075 Country of ref document: RU |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112012002566 Country of ref document: BR |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112012002566 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20120203 |