WO2011011983A1 - Low grade heat flow prime motor, low grade heat flow generating system and generating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a low grade heat flow prime motor, a low grade heat flow generating system and a generating method thereof. The low grade heat flow prime motor comprises a heat flow boiler unit (1), an expansion working unit (2) and a pressurizing unit (5). A low boiling medium passes through the heat flow boiler unit (1) and, after heat-exchanging with the low grade heat flow, enters the expansion working unit (2) to push a motion member of the working unit to move. After pressurized, the low boiling medium flows back to the heat flow boiler unit (1) so as to form a working cycle. The expansion working unit (2) is equipped with a power output shaft that drives a generating unit (3) or a working set. The prime motor is suitable for a heat source temperature range of 30-400℃ and a pressure range from a positive pressure to a negative pressure, so that waste heat energy is fully recovered and used to improve utilization efficiency of heat energy, save resource and protect environment.

Description

 Low-grade heat flow prime mover, low-grade heat flow power generation system and power generation method thereof

Technical field:

 The present invention relates to a method of utilizing low grade heat flow, and more particularly to a system and method for converting low grade heat flow into electrical energy and mechanical energy.

 Background technique:

 Hyperbolic cooling tower flash steam, various types of drying equipment exhaust steam (gas), various types of furnace kiln flue gas, various types of engine exhaust, fuel air exhaust, various fluids with a certain temperature, etc. have a large number of Heat, known as low-grade heat or low-grade venting into the atmosphere, is an important cause of global warming.

 Patent 02116497. 5 proposes an exhaust gas power generation and hydrogen production method and device for an internal combustion engine, which can only improve the combustion of the internal combustion engine. Patent 02143430. 1 is to solve the noise reduction of engine power generation. Patent 01273968. 5 Carbon dioxide power generation equipment uses closed-loop magnetic fluid to generate electricity, which consumes 200kg of carbon dioxide per 1000KW. Prior art, such as a screw expander, can recover the energy of a hot fluid having a certain pressure, provided that there is some pressure. For low-grade thermal energy below 200 °C, especially below 100 °C to 40 °C, for mass production and production in industrial and agricultural production, the pressure is zero or even negative, and there is no way to convert it into electrical energy. The quantity of such low-grade heat energy is very large: the symbol of industrial production is the hyperbolic cooling tower, which emits low-grade heat without pressure. The national hyperbolic cooling tower is no less than 10,000, and the low grade of each tower is distributed. The thermal energy is 5,000 tons/year. The total heat is 50 million tons of standard coal. The boiler flue gas is also a non-pressure hot fluid. Before the desulfurization and dedusting, the temperature is about 1.34KJ/m3. °C, if it can convert 50%, there is 60KJ / cubic meter. The air volume of the 10/h boiler induced draft fan is 11,000 liters/h, which can convert 300 kW of electric energy. In 2007, China's coal output was 2.55 billion tons, which was used as boiler fuel in one quarter of the total output. The coal used in 10t/h boiler was about 1.5t/h, and about 10t/h boiler was about 1 million. The residual heat can be converted into electrical energy of 300 million KW.

 The development of social economy requires sufficient power to support it, but the establishment of a new thermal power plant will undoubtedly further increase environmental pollution and water consumption; other thermal energy that is not fully utilized has the same problem.

 Summary of the invention:

One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a utilization of the discarded low-grade heat energy and improve the heat source utilization efficiency, and the temperature is below 200 ° C, especially the temperature is Below 100 °C up to 4 (TC, the pressure is the use of low-grade heat energy with zero or even negative pressure, turning waste heat into new energy, saving energy and water resources, protecting the environment of low-grade heat flow prime mover and power generation, dragging system And the method of the invention does not burn fuel, no three waste treatment, is a new energy source with operating cost close to zero.

 According to the present invention, a low-grade heat flow power generation system is provided, wherein the working unit of the system comprises a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a pressurization or compression unit, a power generation unit, and the heat flow boiler unit comprises a heat flow boiler, wherein the low boiling point medium is used Pass through the work unit and perform a work cycle;

 The heat flow boiler uses the heat of the low-grade hot fluid as a heat source, the low-grade hot fluid passes through the hot fluid side of the heat flow boiler, and the low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow when flowing through the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler. Then enter the expansion work unit, convert the heat energy and pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the moving unit of the expansion work unit, and the low-boiling medium is pressurized by the pressurizing unit or compressed by the compression unit to return to the heat flow boiler unit for work cycle, and the expansion work unit is provided The output shaft is connected to the power generating unit.

 The invention also has the following subsidiary technical features: between the expansion work unit and the pressurization or compression unit, a cooling unit is further provided to cool and condense the finished low-boiling medium;

 Or a compression unit is provided to compress the low-boiling medium that has been completed into a liquid;

 Or a compression unit and a cooling unit are provided to compress and re-cool the finished low-boiling medium to condense into a liquid. Low grade heat flow temperatures range from 40°C to 200°C.

 The low-boiling medium absorbs heat in the heat-flow boiler, and has a boiling point of between 30 Ό and 160 ° C in Celsius; liquefaction in the cooling unit, the liquefaction temperature is higher than normal temperature or lower than normal temperature but higher than the temperature of the cooling medium used in the cooling unit.

 The low boiling point medium is one of the following substances or mixtures:

 a mixture of dimethyl ether or dimethyl ether and its solvent; a series of refrigerants such as vinyl chloride, R134a, R410A, and R404A; a series of synthetic gases of HFC, CFC, and HCFC; a mixture of carbon dioxide gas or carbon dioxide and its absorbent; , aqueous solutions of air, helium, argon, hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia; aqueous solutions of alcohols and alcohols; compounds of alkanes and other substances; compounds of alkenes and alkenes and other substances; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene a compound of an aromatic or aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene and other substances; a carbonic acid hydroxide such as an ether; a hydrocarbon halogen compound; a hydrocarbon oxyhalide compound.

 The working cycle is a power generation cycle, which can be one of the following five basic power generation cycles:

The first basic power generation cycle is a subcritical, transcritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a cooling unit, a pressure pump unit; a compression unit; a low boiling medium at work The state of matter in the process is the mutual conversion of gaseous and liquid, after the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler unit. Heat exchange with the low-grade heat flow and absorb the heat of the low-grade heat flow, from the liquid state to the gaseous state, and then enter the expansion work unit to reduce the expansion and promote the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit, and the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit drives the power generation Unit power generation, the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy; low-boiling medium expansion after work, down-pressure and cooling, then cooled to liquid, can also be compressed into liquid or compressed and then cooled to liquid, and then through the pressurization The pump unit is pressurized to a high pressure and then flows back to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation;

 The second basic power generation cycle uses a subcritical, transcritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a gas-liquid separation unit, a compression unit, a cooling unit, and a pressurized pump unit; The state of matter in the process is a mutual conversion between a gaseous state and a liquid state. After the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler unit, heat exchange with the low-grade heat flow absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow, converts the liquid state into a gaseous state, and then enters the expansion work unit to reduce The pressure expansion promotes the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit, and the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, thereby realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy; the low-boiling medium expands to work and then the pressure drop and the temperature change into a gas-liquid two-phase flow. a gas-liquid separation unit, wherein the gaseous medium separated by the separation unit is compressed by a compression unit to be converted into a liquid state and increased in pressure, or compressed and cooled in the cooling unit to be converted into a liquid state and increased in pressure, and the separated liquid is pressurized by the first stage. The liquid state of the pump unit after pressurization and the outlet of the compression unit The product is combined and pressurized by the secondary pressure pump unit to the high pressure flow back to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation; according to the characteristics of different media and the design of the process, the gas-liquid separation unit may not be provided, and the two-phase flow is compressed by the compression unit. After being compressed into a liquid state or compressed by a compression unit, it is cooled by a cooling unit to be in a liquid state, and then pressurized by a pump to be returned to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation;

The third basic power generation cycle is a sub-critical, transcritical power generation cycle using reheating, including a heat flow boiler unit, a first expansion work unit, a first power generation unit, a reheat unit, a second expansion unit, and a second power generation unit. a cooling unit or a compression unit and a cooling unit, a pressure pump unit; the physical state of the low-boiling medium during operation is a mutual conversion of a gaseous state and a liquid state, and the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler unit to exchange heat with the low-grade heat flow The heat that absorbs the low-grade heat flow is converted from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and then enters the expansion work unit to reduce the expansion and promotes the movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit. The movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, thereby converting the thermal energy into mechanical energy. Electric energy; low-boiling medium expansion after work, depressurization and cooling, reheating, ie, secondary heat absorption, secondary expansion work, even the second reheat, the third absorption, the third expansion work. After the work, the pressure temperature is reduced to Design value, which can be cooled by a cooling unit near the triple point or near the two-phase point or with a compression unit Compressed and liquefied or compressed by a compression unit and then cooled by a cooling unit to form a liquid, and then pressurized twice by a pressurized pump unit to a high pressure or even a supercritical pressure in the heat flow boiler to start the second cycle; - The fourth basic power generation cycle is a supercritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a compression unit, and a cooling unit; the physical state of the low-boiling medium during operation is a full-range gas state After the high-pressure low-boiling medium enters the heat-flow boiler unit, heat exchange with the low-grade heat flow absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and the temperature rises and expands, and then enters the expansion work unit to expand and expand the moving parts of the expansion work unit. The movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, and converts the thermal energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy; the low-boiling medium expands to work as a gaseous state, but the temperature and pressure are reduced, and is compressed by the compression unit to the high pressure and then flows back to the heat flow boiler. Unit, circulating; before the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler again, a cooling unit may be provided to cool the low-boiling medium by using an external cold source;

 The fifth basic power generation cycle is a supercritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a compression unit, and a self-heat exchange unit; the physical state of the low-boiling medium during operation is a full-range gaseous state, a high-pressure low-boiling point After the medium enters the heat flow boiler unit, heat exchange with the low-grade heat flow absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and the temperature rises and expands the volume, and then enters the expansion work unit to reduce the expansion and promotes the movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit, and the expansion unit performs the movement unit of the work unit. The movement drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, and converts the thermal energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy. After the low-boiling medium expands, the pressure is reduced to a gaseous state, but the temperature and pressure are lowered, and the compression unit is entered, and the low-boiling medium is compressed and then realized by the self-heat exchange unit. Heat exchange with the low-boiling medium flowing out of the heat flow boiler, thereby reducing its own temperature and then flowing back to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation; before the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler again, a cooling unit may be provided, and the external cold source is used for low The boiling point medium cools down.

 The five basic power generation cycles also include cooling units, which constitute five power generation-cooling combined cycles, namely the first, second, third, fourth and fifth basic power generation-cooling combined cycles.

 The five basic power generation cycles and the five basic power generation-cooling combined cycles respectively include medium replenishing units, and may also respectively include leakage medium collecting units;

 In the first, second, and third basic power generation cycles and the first, second, and third basic power generation-refrigeration combined cycles, the pressure pump unit may be a primary pressure pump or a secondary pressure pump unit;

 In the basic power generation cycle and the basic power generation-cooling combined cycle, the expansion unit may be a primary expansion or multistage expansion, primary expansion or multiple expansion unit;

 In the basic power generation cycle and the basic power generation-cooling combined cycle, the compression unit may be a primary compression or a multi-stage compression, a primary compression or a multiple compression unit;

The five basic power generation cycles and units in the power generation refrigeration cycle mean that the unit includes the body device and its accessory equipment, components, components, connections, and instrumentation and control. The low-grade heat flow power generation system includes two or two cycles, and the cycle may be a combination of any two or more of five basic power generation cycles and five basic power generation refrigeration cycles; the work unit is expanded by the expansion in the previous cycle. The subsequent cooling unit or additional cooling unit effects a connection to the latter cycle in which the low boiling medium in the previous cycle is heat exchanged with the low boiling medium in the latter cycle.

 The invention also provides a low-grade heat flow power generation method, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

 First, the low-boiling medium is used to exchange heat with the low-grade heat flow in the heat flow boiler to absorb the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and the low-boiling medium temperature rises, and the liquid state is converted into the gaseous state when the subcritical cross-critical cycle is adopted. Volume expansion, maintaining a gaseous state when the supercritical cycle is taken but the temperature is increased and the volume is expanded;

 Secondly, the low-boiling medium is expanded under reduced pressure in the expansion unit, and the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy and then converted into mechanical energy;

 Third, the low boiling point medium is cooled or liquefied, and the liquefaction methods are: cooling, cooling, liquefaction, compression, liquefaction, compression, cooling, cooling, and liquefaction;

 Fourth, pressurizing or compressing the low boiling point medium to flow back to the heat flow boiler;

 The above steps form a loop;

 Fifth, converting the mechanical energy output generated by the expansion work unit into electrical energy;

 After the second step, reheating and secondary expansion or multiple reheating multiple expansions may be employed to increase the amount of heat absorbed and work done.

 The low-grade heat flow power generation method provided by the invention also has the following subsidiary technical features:

 And a cooling step, wherein the cooling step may be set in a low-boiling medium working circuit after the heat exchange step of the low-boiling medium and the low-grade heat flow, or may be set in the low-boiling medium to be expanded under reduced pressure. The heat outflow of the heat flow boiler can also be set before the step of heat exchange with the low grade heat flow again.

 The boiling point of the low-boiling medium in the normal operating condition of the heat flow boiler is from 30 摄 to 160 ° C in Celsius, and the liquefaction temperature in the condenser is higher than normal temperature or lower than normal temperature but higher than the temperature of the cooling medium used.

The low boiling point medium is one of the following materials or any combination thereof: a mixture of dimethyl ether or dimethyl ether and a solvent thereof; a vinyl chloride; a refrigerant series such as R134a and R410A; a HFC artificial synthesis gas series; Carbonic acid equivalent; carbon dioxide gas or a mixture of carbon dioxide and its absorbent; aqueous solution of nitrogen, air, helium, argon, hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia, aqueous alcohols and alcohols; terpenoids and other substances Compounds; Compounds with other substances; compounds of acetylenes and other substances; compounds of benzenes and other substances; hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons.

 The present invention also provides a low-grade heat flow prime mover, characterized in that: the working unit of the prime mover comprises a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a liquefaction unit, a pressurizing unit; the heat flow boiler unit comprises a heat flow boiler, The heat flow boiler uses a low-grade heat flow as a heat source to provide heat without fuel, and uses a low-boiling medium to pass through the working unit and perform a work cycle;

 The low-grade heat flow passes through the hot fluid side of the heat flow boiler, and the low-temperature low-boiling medium having a certain pressure absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow when flowing through the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler, and then enters the expansion. The work unit converts pressure energy and thermal energy into kinetic energy to promote movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit, and the low boiling medium expands and is liquefied into liquid by the liquefaction unit, and the liquefaction method has cooling, cooling, liquefaction, compression liquefaction, compression, and cooling and cooling. Liquefaction; after liquefaction, after being pressurized by the pressurizing unit, flowing back to the heat flow boiler unit to form a working cycle, the expansion work unit is provided with a power output shaft.

 The low-grade heat flow prime mover provided by the invention also has the following subsidiary technical features:

 The power output shaft is coupled to the transmission unit.

 The transmission unit is connected to the working machine unit to become a low-grade heat flow prime mover working unit.

 The low grade heat flow prime mover and low grade heat flow power generation system and method thereof provided in accordance with the present invention have significant benefits as follows:

 1. Use a huge amount of heat from a low-grade heat flow of 40 Ό to 200 现在 that can not be used now to generate electricity or drag, and turn waste heat into new energy. It can generate hundreds of millions of tons of standard coal per year. Electricity, greatly alleviating the problem of insufficient power supply;

 2. Replace some thermal power generating units, reduce the number of new thermal power generating units, greatly reduce the use of coal, save power generation costs, save resources, and greatly reduce the consumption of circulating cooling water;

 3. Replace part of the motor and the prime mover that uses fuel to save electricity and fuel, cooling water;

4. Avoid or reduce the latent heat of water vapor and the residual heat of flue gas to the atmosphere to slow down the global warming.

 5. Greatly reduce emissions of burning pollutants and reduce environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

1 is a schematic diagram of a first basic power generation cycle provided by the present invention, that is, a subcritical and transcritical single cycle power generation process; 2 is a schematic diagram of a second basic power generation cycle provided by the present invention, that is, another subcritical and transcritical single cycle power generation process;

 3 is a schematic diagram of a third basic power generation cycle provided by the present invention, that is, a subcritical and transcritical single cycle power generation process with reheat;

 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth basic power generation cycle according to the present invention, that is, a first supercritical single cycle power generation process;

 Figure 5 is a fifth basic power generation cycle provided by the present invention, that is, a second supercritical single cycle power generation process; Figure 6 is a first basic power generation-refrigeration cycle provided by the present invention, that is, subcritical, transcritical single cycle power generation

- Schematic diagram of the combined cooling process;

 Figure 7 is a schematic view showing a second basic power generation-refrigeration cycle according to the present invention, that is, another subcritical and transcritical single-cycle power generation-cooling combined process;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a third basic power generation-refrigeration cycle according to the present invention, that is, a subcritical and transcritical single cycle power generation process with reheat;

 Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a fourth basic power generation-refrigeration cycle, i.e., a supercritical single cycle power generation-cooling combined process, provided by the present invention;

 Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a fifth basic power generation-refrigeration cycle, i.e., a supercritical single cycle power generation-cooling combined process, provided by the present invention;

 Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a two-cycle power generation process according to the present invention, that is, a first basic power generation cycle constitutes a first cycle, and a second basic power generation cycle constitutes a second cycle;

 Figure 12 is a flow chart showing another two-cycle power generation process according to the present invention, that is, the second basic power generation cycle respectively constitutes a first cycle and a second cycle;

 Figure 13 is a further dual cycle power generation process according to the present invention, that is, the first cycle is composed of a second basic power generation cycle, and the second cycle is a flow chart of the fourth basic power generation cycle;

 Figure 14 is a flow chart showing a fourth type of dual-cycle power generation process according to the present invention; a first cycle is a third basic power generation cycle; and a second cycle is a fourth basic power generation cycle;

 Figure 15 shows a fifth type of dual-cycle power generation process according to the present invention. The first cycle is a first type of supercritical power generation cycle, and the second cycle is a schematic diagram of a second type of subcritical and transcritical power generation cycle;

Figure 16 is a sixth dual-cycle power generation process according to the present invention, wherein the first cycle is a second basic power generation cycle configuration, and the second cycle is a schematic flow diagram of a third basic power generation cycle; 17 is a flow chart showing a configuration of a second basic power generation-refrigeration cycle and a second cycle of a second basic power generation-refrigeration cycle according to the seventh dual-cycle power generation process provided by the present invention;

 Figure 18 shows an eighth type of dual-cycle power generation process according to the present invention, the first cycle is a second basic power generation-refrigeration cycle, and the second cycle is a schematic diagram of a third basic power generation-refrigeration cycle;

 Figure 19 is a flow chart showing a ninth type of dual-cycle power generation process according to the present invention, the first cycle is a second basic power generation-refrigeration cycle, and the second cycle is a fourth basic power generation-refrigeration cycle;

 Figure 20 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the first basic power generation-refrigeration cycle and the fourth cycle of the fourth basic power generation-refrigeration cycle according to the present invention; A second basic single cycle, i.e., a subcritical, transcritical single cycle prime mover, provided in accordance with the present invention; Figure 22 provides a first type of subcritical cross-critical Revolving prime mover;

 Figure 23 shows a first basic single cycle, i.e., a subcritical, transcritical single cycle prime mover and a refrigeration device according to the present invention;

 Figure 24 illustrates a first dual cycle, subcritical transcritical and supercritical dual cycle prime mover and refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention;

 Figure 25 is a second basic single cycle, that is, a subcritical, transcritical single cycle prime mover driven wind turbine unit provided by the present invention;

 Figure 26 is a first dual cycle, that is, a supercritical, subcritical transcritical double cycle prime mover driven water pump unit according to the present invention;

 Figure 27 is a first basic single cycle, that is, a subcritical, transcritical single cycle prime mover drag conveyor and a refrigeration unit according to the present invention;

 Figure 28 shows a first dual cycle, supercritical, subcritical transcritical double cycle prime mover power generation, drag compressor and refrigeration unit according to the present invention.

 detailed description:

 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

See Figure 1: The first basic power generation cycle, using one of the low boiling point media such as dimethyl ether, in the tube of the heat flow boiler unit 1, the low-boiling medium of high pressure and low temperature absorbs the heat of the 20CTC heat flow on the hot liquid side at 120°. C gasification, into the expansion work unit 2, decompression expansion, the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy to promote the expansion work unit 2 moving parts work, the power output shaft drives the power generation unit 3 to generate electricity, and the low-boiling medium temperature of the work is completed. Down to the liquefaction temperature of 40 ° C, the cooling unit 4 is cooled and liquefied, and then pressurized to the subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure by the pressure pump unit 5 to enter the heat flow boiler unit 1 tube process for recirculation. Considering the pressure, the state of the medium, and the benefit as much as possible, the liquid medium replenishing unit 6 is provided in front of the pressure pump 5 in FIG. 1, and the gas medium replenishing unit 7 may be provided in the heat flow boiler unit 1 for leakage. The medium is replenished. In order to save the amount of the medium, the leakage medium collecting device 8 is provided to collect the leakage medium, and then collected and reused. The medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile or only as an interface. The flow design may or may not be provided, and the leakage medium collecting unit may not be provided.

 The units described in this section, including the main engine, auxiliary equipment, instruments and controls, such as valves, safety devices, pressure, temperature, flow, speed, etc., are displayed and controlled remotely and remotely. Each unit can be connected in series with several units. Or in parallel, for example, the pump unit may include a pump body, a pump connection, a measuring instrument and a control circuit, etc., or a series or parallel connection of working systems of several pumps, and the power generating unit may include a generator. Body, rotor temperature, rotor speed measurement and display instrumentation, control circuit, safety alarm equipment, etc.

 See Figure 2: Figure 2 shows the second basic power generation cycle, using a mixture of low-boiling medium such as dimethyl ether and its solvent. After the high-pressure low-temperature low-boiling medium absorbs 90 Ό of hot fluid heat flow heat in the heat flow boiler 1 tube. Heating and gasification, entering the expansion work unit 2 decompression expansion, converting the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the expansion work unit moving parts work, driving the power generation unit 3 to generate electricity through the power output shaft, and driving the compression unit 4 to the gaseous low-boiling medium pressure Alternatively, the motor can be separately driven to drive the compression unit 4, and the temperature of the low-boiling medium which has been completed is lowered to a liquefaction temperature of 35 ° C, and part of the liquid state is a gas state, entering the gas-liquid separation unit 5, and the separated liquid It flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 5, is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 6 to the same pressure as the outlet of the compression unit 4, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 4 and is compressed and cooled to a liquid by the cooling unit 7, and then flows out of the compression. The unit 4 merges with the outlet of the primary pressurizing pump unit 6 and is pressurized to the subcritical or primary via the secondary pressurizing pump unit 8. The boundary or even the supercritical pressure enters the heat flow boiler. Alternatively, the gas-liquid separation unit 5 and the pump 6 may be used to directly compress the gas into a liquid by the compression unit 4, and then pressurize the temperature into the hot-flow boiler by the pressurizing unit 8. Considering the pressure, the state of matter and the benefit as much as possible to supplement the low-boiling medium, a liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 9 is provided between the primary pressure pump unit 6 and the secondary pressure pump unit 8 to supplement the system with the medium. Or just do the interface. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leakage medium collecting unit 10 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. According to the process design, it is not necessary.

Figure 3 shows the first subcritical cross-critical cycle process with reheating, by the heat flow boiler unit 1, the first expansion unit 2, the first power generation unit 3, the reheat unit 4, the second heat source unit 5, and the second Expansion unit 6, secondary expansion power generation unit 7, condensing unit 8, pressure pump unit 9, gaseous working medium supplement unit 10, gaseous working medium supplement Element 11, leakage working medium collecting unit 12, and supporting device and control device.

 Wherein the heat fluid side of the heat exchange part of the heat flow boiler 1 is connected to the low grade heat flow, the outlet is exhausted to the atmosphere, the cold fluid side of the heat exchange part is connected to the outlet of the pressure pump unit 9, and the cold fluid side outlet is connected to the inlet of the first expansion unit 2, the first The outlet of the expansion unit is connected to the inlet of the reheat unit 4, the outlet of the reheat unit is connected to the inlet of the secondary expansion unit 6, the outlet of the secondary expansion unit is connected to the inlet of the cooling unit 8, and the outlet of the cooling unit is connected to the inlet of the pump unit 9, and the outlet of the pump unit is connected. The heat exchange part of the heat flow boiler 1 is imported from the cold fluid side. The output shaft of the first expansion unit is connected to the input shaft of the first power generating unit 3, and the secondary expansion unit is connected to the input shaft of the second power generating unit 7.

 The circulation process is: In the heat flow boiler 1, 7. 32Mpa, 15 ° C liquid working medium carbon dioxide absorbs 40 ° C low grade heat flow heat, then rises to 31 ° C and gasifies, enters the first expansion unit 2, pressure reduction volume Expansion, the pressure energy becomes kinetic energy, pushes the expansion unit rotor rotation or piston movement work, drives the first power generation unit 3 to generate electricity, after the work, the working medium pressure is reduced to the set pressure 4Mpa, the temperature is lowered to 5 °C, and the reheat unit is entered. 4 The heat of the low-grade heat flow or the second heat source unit drawn from the heat flow boiler 1 is heated to 31 ° C, the secondary expansion unit 6 is secondarily expanded, expanded to a set temperature of 15 ° C, and enters the cooling unit 8 by C. The chilled water is cooled and condensed into a liquid, and then pressurized by the pressurized pump 9 to flow back to the heat flow boiler for secondary circulation.

 Referring to Figure 4, using a low-boiling medium such as R134a, the high-pressure low-temperature gaseous low-boiling medium absorbs 125 °C heat flow heat after the heat flow boiler 1 tube is passed, and the temperature rises to 110 ° C vaporization volume expansion, and enters the expansion work unit 2 minus The pressure expansion, the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion unit, and the power output shaft of the power unit 2 is input to the input shaft, which drives the power generation unit 3 to generate electricity, and at the same time drives the compression unit 4 to compress the low-boiling medium. Or the motor is separately driven by the compression unit 4, the temperature of the low-boiling medium that has been completed is lowered to 10 ° C, enters the compression unit 4, is compressed to a supercritical pressure of 4. 5 MPa into the cooling unit 6, and after cooling, the cooling unit 6 Into the heat flow boiler 1 tube process to do a second cycle. If the temperature of the gas in the compression is large, the intermediate cooling unit 5 is configured to cool the gas during the compression process: the gas in the compression process flows out from the compression unit to the intermediate cooling unit 5, and then enters the compression unit to continue compression. . To supplement the loss, the medium replenishing unit 7 is provided to supplement the leakage low-boiling medium. When using the mobile replenishing device, supplement it through the supplementary interface, comprehensively consider the pressure, physical state of the supplementary medium and obtain the benefit as much as possible to select the supplementary point. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, a leaking medium collecting device 8 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile or not, only the interface, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

Referring to Figure 5, using a low-boiling medium such as vinyl chloride gas, the high-pressure low-temperature gaseous low-boiling medium absorbs 190 °C heat flow heat and then the temperature rises to 175 Ό volume expansion in the heat flow boiler 1 tube, and enters the expansion work unit. 2 decompression expansion, converting the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the moving part of the expansion work unit 2, the output shaft of the power output shaft of the expansion work unit 2 is connected with the input shaft of the power generation unit 3, and the power generation unit 3 is driven to generate electricity, and the compression unit is driven at the same time. 4 For the compression of the low-boiling medium, the motor can also be separately driven to drive the compression unit 4. The low boiling point medium temperature at which the work was completed was lowered to a micro superheat temperature of 143 ° C and entered the compression unit 4. It is compressed to supercritical pressure 7. OMpa Into the heat flow boiler 1 tube process to do the second cycle. To supplement the loss, a low-boiling medium replenishing unit 6 is provided after the heat flow boiler unit 1 to replenish the leaky low-boiling medium. When using a mobile replenishing device, supplement the low-boiling medium through the supplementary interface, comprehensively consider the pressure, physical state and the benefit of supplementing the low-boiling medium to select the supplementary point. In order to save the low-boiling medium, the leakage is low. The boiling point medium collecting device 7 collects the leaked low boiling point medium and collects it for reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device may be fixed or mobile or not only as an interface, and the leakage medium collecting unit may not be provided. The self-heat exchange unit 5 is disposed between the heat flow boiler 1 and the expansion work unit 2 to cool the relatively low temperature gas from the hot furnace boiler and the higher temperature gas after compression, and simultaneously increase the heat flow. The temperature of the gas coming out of the boiler increases the function of the expander. Supplemented from the relationship between the heat exchange unit and the cooling unit.

 When a single cycle is used, the absorbed thermal energy cannot be completely converted into mechanical energy and then converted into electrical energy, or the process design needs, and the second cycle continues the energy conversion. The composition of the second cycle is substantially the same as the first cycle, but the boiling point of the medium used is lower than the boiling point of the medium used in the first cycle. Due to the large amount of work in the first cycle, it is more suitable to use the turboexpander. When subcritical and transcritical cycles are used, the technical problems of the latter stages of the blade against droplet scouring must be solved. If the supercritical cycle is used, the liquid can be avoided. Drip the brush. The use of double cycles for this purpose is one of the ways to increase energy conversion and even completely convert all energy.

 Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, and Figure 10 show the single-cycle power generation-refrigeration cycle, which is described below. Figure 6: In the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of heat. After heating and gasification, the low-boiling medium expands into the work unit 2 to decompress and expand, converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy, and pushes the expansion work unit 2 to move the work piece. The power output shaft drives the power generation unit 3 to generate electricity, and the low boiling point of the work is completed. The temperature of the medium is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and all of the liquid is liquefied into a liquid, and is introduced into the liquid storage unit 4. Then, the pump unit 5 is pressurized to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler.

The cold flow temperature is generally lower than normal temperature, and the cooling capacity can be provided; the temperature of the circulation system, especially the temperature between the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler is generally below zero, and the quantity and temperature of the cold supply can be determined according to the cooling demand and the guaranteed circulation condition. Level and location, the cooling unit 6 can be placed between the pressurized pump unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit, and the heat flow boiler cold flow outlet. Considering the pressure, the state of matter and the benefit as much as possible to supplement the low-boiling medium, the supplementary point is selected. The figure shows that the liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 7 is provided before the pressure pump 5, or the gas state is low after the heat flow boiler unit 1. The boiling point medium replenishing unit 8 supplements the leakage low-boiling medium, or does not provide only an interface. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 9 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collected and reused. According to the design, it is not necessary.

 Figure 7: In the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of heat and then vaporizes, enters the expansion work unit 2 to decompress and expand, and converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion unit. The power output unit drives the power generating unit 3 to generate electricity, and at the same time drives the compression unit 4 to compress the low-boiling medium. Alternatively, the motor can be separately driven to drive the compression unit. The temperature of the low boiling point medium which has been completed is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and partly the liquid portion is gas, enters the gas-liquid separation unit 5, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 4 and is compressed into a liquid discharge unit and a primary pressure pump unit 6. The outlet liquid merges, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 5, is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 6 to the same outlet pressure as the compression unit 4, and merges with the outlet of the compression unit, and then passes through the secondary pressure pump unit 7 Pressurization to subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the heat flow boiler 1 tube process for secondary circulation, the cooling unit 8 can be between the pressurized pump unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler cold flow Export.

 Considering the pressure, the state of matter and the benefit as much as possible to supplement the low-boiling medium, the supplementary point is selected. As shown in the figure, a liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit is provided between the primary pressure pump unit 6 and the secondary pressure pump unit 7. 9. A gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 10 is provided between the heat flow boiler unit and the expansion work unit to replenish the system. According to the design, the medium replenishing unit 10 is not provided, and only the interface is used. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 11 collects the leaked low-boiling medium, and collects it for reuse. The leaky media collection unit is also not available.

 Figure 8 shows a subcritical cross-critical power generation-refrigeration cycle with reheat, consisting of a heat flow boiler unit 1, a first expansion unit 2, a first power generation unit 3, a reheat unit 4, a second heat source unit 5, and a second The expansion unit 6, the secondary expansion power generation unit 7, the condensing unit 8, the pressure pump unit 9, the cooling unit 10, the gaseous working medium replenishing unit 11, the leakage working medium collecting unit 12, and the supporting device and the control device are composed.

Wherein the heat fluid side of the heat exchange part of the heat flow boiler 1 is connected to the low grade heat flow, the outlet is exhausted to the atmosphere, the cold fluid side of the heat exchange part is connected to the outlet of the pressure pump unit 9, and the cold fluid side outlet is connected to the inlet of the first expansion unit 2, the first The outlet of the expansion unit is connected to the inlet of the reheat unit 4, the outlet of the reheat unit is connected to the inlet of the secondary expansion unit 6, the outlet of the secondary expansion unit is connected to the inlet of the cooling unit 8, and the outlet of the cooling unit is connected to the inlet of the pump unit 9, and the outlet of the pump unit is connected. Hot runner The heat exchange component of the furnace 1 is imported from the cold fluid side. The output shaft of the first expansion unit is connected to the input shaft of the first power generating unit 3, and the secondary expansion unit is connected to the input shaft of the second power generating unit 7.

 The circulation process is: In the heat flow boiler 1, 7. 32Mpa, 15 ° C liquid working medium carbon dioxide absorbs 40 ° C low grade heat flow heat, then rises to 31 ° C and gasifies, enters the first expansion unit 2, pressure reduction volume Expansion, the pressure energy becomes kinetic energy, pushes the expansion unit rotor rotation or piston movement work, drives the first power generation unit 3 to generate electricity, after the work, the working medium pressure is reduced to the set pressure 4Mpa, the temperature is lowered to 5 °C, and the reheat unit is entered. 4 The heat of the low-grade heat flow or the heat source unit of the second heat source unit taken from the heat flow boiler 1 is heated to 31 ° C, the secondary expansion unit 6 is secondarily expanded, expanded to a set temperature of 15 ° C, and enters the cooling unit 8 to be 7 The chilled water of °C is cooled and condensed into a liquid, and then pressurized by the pressure pump 9 to return to the secondary flow of the heat flow boiler, and the cooling unit 10 can be disposed between the pressure pump and the heat flow boiler to supply a cooling amount to the outside.

 Figure 9: In the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1, the high-pressure low-temperature gaseous low-boiling medium absorbs the shell-side heat flow heat and then the temperature rises and expands, enters the expansion work unit 2 to decompress and expand, and converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the expansion work unit. 2 The movement of the moving parts is done by the power output shaft, and the power generating unit 3 is driven to generate electricity, and at the same time, the compression unit 4 is driven to compress the low-boiling medium, and the motor can be separately driven to drive the compression unit. The low boiling point medium temperature at which the work is completed is lowered to the micro superheat temperature and enters the compression unit 4. Compressed to the design pressure into the heat flow boiler 1 tube process for the second cycle, the cooling unit 5 can be provided between the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler cold flow outlet.

 In order to supplement the loss, the gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 6 is added to the leakage low-boiling medium, and may be used as an interface. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 7 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse it. It is also not designed.

Figure 10: In the cold flow side of the heat flow boiler 1, the high-pressure low-temperature gaseous low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow and then the temperature rises and expands. It enters the expansion work unit 2 to decompress and expand, and converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the expansion work unit. The movement of the moving parts of 2 is performed by the power output shaft, and the power generating unit 3 is driven to generate electricity, and at the same time, the compression unit 4 is driven to compress the low-boiling medium, and the motor can be separately driven to drive the compression unit. The temperature of the low-boiling medium that has been completed is lowered to the micro-superheating temperature, and the compression unit 4 is compressed to the design pressure and enters the self-heating unit 5, and after cooling, the heat-exchange unit enters the heat-flow boiler 1 tube to perform a second cycle. If the temperature of the gas in the compression is large, the intermediate cooling unit 6 is configured to cool the gas during the compression process: the compressed gas flows from a certain stage of the compression unit into the intermediate cooling unit to cool down, and then enters the compression unit to continue compression, in the heat flow. A cooling unit 6 is provided between the boiler and the self-heat exchange unit or between the expansion work unit and the compression unit and the cold flow outlet of the heat flow boiler. In order to supplement the loss, a gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 7 is provided to supplement the leakage low-boiling medium. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 8 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collected and reused. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile or only interface. According to the process design, there is no supplementary device, and the leakage medium collecting unit can also be omitted.

 Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, and Figure 16 are six of the two-cycle power generation process combinations, and other combinations are not listed. The first cycle of the double cycle is based on five single-cycle power generation processes. After the subcritical and transcritical cycles, the condensing unit is the junction of the two cycles after the expansion of the work unit, and the supercritical cycle adds the cooling unit after the expansion work unit. Taking Figure 11 as an example, the first cycle is the first subcritical, transcritical power generation cycle, and the second cycle is the second subcritical, transcritical power generation cycle, as follows:

 The first cycle is: in the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1, using a mixture of low-boiling medium such as dimethyl ether and absorbent, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow and then vaporizes itself, and enters the expansion work. Unit 2 decompresses and expands, converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, pushes the expansion work unit 2 to move the work piece, and drives the power generation unit 3 to generate electricity. The temperature of the low-boiling medium that has completed the work is lowered to the saturation temperature, and enters the first condensing unit 4 to put heat. The low-boiling medium passed to the second cycle is condensed into a liquid and enters the first liquid storage unit 5, and then pressurized by the first pressure pump unit 6 to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler 1 for a secondary cycle. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the medium supplement point is selected. In Figure 1, the liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 7 is provided before the pressure pump 6, or the gas state is set after the heat flow boiler unit 1. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit 8 replenishes the leaking low-boiling medium. In order to save the amount of the low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting device 9 collects the leaking low-boiling medium, and collects it for reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device may be fixed or mobile or not only as an interface, and the collecting device 9 may not be provided.

The second cycle is: a second cycle of high pressure and lower temperature, a low boiling point medium such as air is vaporized in the second evaporator unit 10 to absorb the heat of the first cycle of low boiling medium, and the volume expands into the second expansion work unit. 11 converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion unit 110, and drives the rotation of the power unit 12 to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy. After the work of the low-boiling medium, the pressure is lowered, the temperature is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and the liquid portion is the gas, and enters the gas-liquid separation unit 14, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 13 and is compressed into a liquid discharge unit 13 and a primary pressure pump. The outlet liquid of the unit 15 is merged, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 14, and is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 15 to the same outlet pressure as the compression unit 13, and the liquid of the compression unit is merged, and then passed through the secondary pressure pump. Unit 16 is pressurized to subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the second evaporation unit tube for a second cycle. Comprehensive consideration of the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and as much as possible The benefit point and other factors are selected as supplementary points. As shown, a liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit Π is arranged between the primary pressure pump unit 15 and the secondary pressure pump unit 16, or between the heat flow boiler unit and the expansion work unit. The gaseous low boiling point medium replenishing unit 18 replenishes the system with the medium. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 19 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be designed to be fixed or mobile or not only as an interface, and the collecting unit can also be omitted.

 In Fig. 12, the corresponding relationship between the parts indicated by each label is: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first condensation unit, 6 first gas liquid Separation unit, 7 first stage pressurizing pump unit, 8 first stage pressurizing pump unit, 9 first liquid medium replenishing unit, 10 first gaseous medium replenishing unit, 11 first leaking medium collecting unit, 12 second Evaporation unit, 13 second expansion work unit, 14 second power generation unit, 15 second compression unit, 16 second gas-liquid separation unit, 17 second-stage pressure pump unit, 18 second-stage pressure pump unit 19 second liquid medium replenishing unit, 20 second gaseous medium replenishing unit, 21 second leaking medium collecting unit;

 In Figure 13, the corresponding parts of the reference points are: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first gas liquid Separation unit, 7 first stage pressurizing pump unit, 8 first stage pressurizing pump unit, 9 first liquid medium replenishing unit, 10 first gaseous medium replenishing unit, 11 first leaking medium collecting unit, 12 second Evaporation unit, 13 second expansion work unit, 14 second power generation unit, 15 second compression unit, 16 second self heat exchange unit, 17 second medium supply unit, 18 second leakage medium collection unit;

 In Fig. 14, the corresponding points indicated by the respective labels are: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first cooling unit, 6 second cooling unit, 7 first medium replenishing unit, 8 first leaking medium collecting unit, 9 second evaporating unit, 10 second expanding working unit, 11 second generating unit, 12 second compressing unit, 13 second self-heating unit, 14 Two medium replenishing unit, 15 second leakage medium collecting unit;

In Fig. 15, the corresponding positions indicated by the respective labels are: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first cooling unit, 6 second cooling unit, 7 first medium replenishing unit, 8 first leaking medium collecting unit, 9 second evaporating unit, 10 second expanding working unit, 11 second generating unit, 12 second compressing unit, 13 second gas-liquid separating unit, 14 Two primary pressure pump unit, 15 second secondary pressure pump unit, 16 second liquid medium replenishing unit, 17 second gaseous medium replenishing unit, 18 second leakage medium collecting unit; Figure 16: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, .3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first condensing unit, 6 first gas-liquid separation unit, 7 first level Pressurized pump unit, 8 first secondary pressurizing pump unit, 9 first liquid medium replenishing unit, 10 first gaseous medium replenishing unit, 11 first leaking medium collecting unit, 12 second evaporating unit, 13 second expansion work Unit, 14 second power generating unit, 15 second compressing unit, 16 second medium replenishing unit, 17 second leaking medium collecting unit.

 The present invention is mainly used to increase the amount of power generation, but it is also possible to provide a cooling capacity, that is, a power generation-cooling combined cycle. The method is: 1. The cold flow of the heat flow boiler provides cold capacity, 2. According to the required cooling level, one or more heat exchangers are added in the appropriate steps of the first cycle and the second cycle, and the refrigerant is extracted. Cooling provides cooling. At this point, the cycle becomes a power-cooling combined cycle.

 Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 19, and Figure 20 show four of the power-cooling dual-cycle combinations. Take Figure 18 as an example to illustrate the following:

 The first cycle is: in the heat flow boiler 1, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow, and then expands its own gasification volume, enters the expansion work unit 2, decompresses and expands work, converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy, and promotes the expansion work unit. 2 The movement of the moving parts is done to drive the power generating unit 3 to generate electricity, and at the same time, the compression unit 4 is driven to compress the low-boiling medium, and the motor can be separately driven to drive the compression unit. The temperature of the low-boiling medium which has been completed is lowered to a saturated or near-saturated temperature, enters the first condensing unit 5, and the heat is transferred to the second-circulating low-boiling medium, and all of the condensed or mostly liquid enters the gas-liquid separation unit 6, and is separated. The gas entering compression unit 4 is compressed into a liquid out compression unit and merges with the outlet liquid of the primary pressure pump unit 6, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 5, and is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 7 to The outlet pressure of the compression unit 4 is the same as that of the outlet liquid, and then pressurized by the secondary pressure pump unit 8 to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler 1 to perform a secondary cycle. A cooling unit is provided between the pressurized pump unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit and the cold flow outlet of the heat flow boiler.

 To supplement the loss, a liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 10 and a gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 11 are provided to replenish the leaking low-boiling medium. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 12 is provided to collect the leaking low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be designed to be fixed or mobile or not provided with a supplementary interface, and the leakage medium collecting device may not be provided.

The second cycle is: in the cold fluid side of the second evaporation unit 13, the high-pressure low-temperature gaseous second low-boiling medium absorbs the shell-side first medium heat, and the temperature rises and the volume expands, and enters the expansion work unit 14 to decompress and expand, and the pressure is increased. Can be converted into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the moving part of the expansion work unit 14 to work, the expansion work unit 14 through the coupling The power generating unit 15 drives the power generation unit 15 to generate electricity, and at the same time drives the compression unit 16 to compress the low-pressure low-boiling medium from the expansion work unit, and the compression unit 16 can also be separately driven by the motor. The low boiling point medium temperature at which the work is completed is lowered to the micro superheat temperature and enters the compression unit 16. It is compressed to supercritical pressure and enters the second evaporation unit 13 to perform a secondary cycle. A cooling unit 17 is provided between the compression unit and the evaporation unit or between the evaporation unit and the expansion work unit. To supplement the loss, the low-boiling medium replenishing unit 18 is provided to supplement the leakage low-boiling medium. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting device 19 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be designed to be fixed or mobile. According to the process design, there is no supplementary device, and the leakage medium collecting device can also be omitted.

 In Fig. 17, the reference numerals refer to: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first condensation unit, 6 first gas-liquid separation unit, 7 First stage pressurized pump unit, .8 first stage pressurized pump unit, 9 first cooling unit, 10 first liquid medium replenishing unit, 11 first gaseous medium replenishing unit, 12 first leaking medium collecting unit , 13 second evaporation unit, 14 second expansion unit, 15 second power generation unit, 16 second compression unit, 17 second gas-liquid separation unit, 18 second-stage pressure pump unit, 19 second-stage pressure Pump unit, 20 second cooling unit, 21 second liquid medium replenishing unit, 22 second gaseous medium replenishing unit, 23 second leaking medium collecting unit.

 In Fig. 19, the parts indicated by the reference numerals are: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion work unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first condensation unit, 6 first gas-liquid separation unit, 7 First stage pressurized pump unit, 8 first stage pressurized pump unit, 9 first cooling unit, 10 first liquid medium replenishing unit, 11 first gaseous medium replenishing unit, 12 first leaking medium collecting unit, 13 second evaporation unit, 14 second expansion unit, 15 second power generation unit, 16 second compression unit, 17 second self-heat exchange unit, 18 second cooling unit, 19 second medium supply unit, 20 second leakage Media collection unit.

 In Fig. 20, the parts labeled are: 1 heat flow boiler unit, 2 first expansion unit, 3 first power generation unit, 4 first compression unit, 5 first cooling unit, 6 first cooling unit, 7 first Medium replenishing unit, 8 first leaking medium collecting unit, 9 second evaporating unit, 10 second expanding unit, 11 second power generating unit, 12 second compressing unit, 13 second self-heating unit, 14 second cooling unit , 15 second medium replenishing unit, 16 second leakage medium collecting unit.

 Other cycles are not detailed one by one.

Whether it is two or three cycles or more than three cycles, whether it is power generation cycle or power generation-cooling combination Loops can be arbitrarily combined by basic loops and their modifications as needed. The two circulating connecting portions are provided with the previous circulating cooling unit, that is, the evaporation unit of the latter cycle, and the current cycle is a pressure pump unit when the transcritical cycle is performed.

 The second circulating medium and the third circulating medium have the following states after gasification: 1. saturated state; 2. superheated state; 3. subcritical state; 4. critical state; 5. supercritical state. In the five states, the functional force is increased in turn. After the work is done, the temperature is lowered lower, and the compression is easier, that is, the compression work consumed is smaller.

 In the above cycle, the power generation unit is removed, and it becomes a low-grade heat flow prime mover. If the power generation unit is replaced by another working unit, such as a fan or a water pump unit, it becomes a low-grade heat flow prime mover to drive the working unit, such as output cooling capacity. Become a cooling unit.

 See Fig. 21: This figure is the second basic circulation prime mover. It uses a low-boiling medium such as dimethyl ether to absorb the heat of the heat flow on the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1 and then vaporizes itself, and enters the expansion work unit 2 to decompress and expand. The pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy to push the expansion work unit 2 to move the work piece, and the various working machines, such as the compressor, can be driven by the output shaft of the expansion unit 2 and the transmission unit 3, and the compression unit 4 is driven to compress the gaseous low-boiling medium. Alternatively, the motor can be separately driven to drive the compression unit 4 separately. The temperature of the low-boiling medium which has been completed is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and partly the liquid state is a gas state, and enters the gas-liquid separation unit 5, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 4 and is compressed into a liquid, and then flows out of the compression unit and the first-stage addition. The outlet of the pressure pump unit 6 is confluent, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 5, is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 6 to the same outlet pressure as the compression unit 4, and merges with the outlet of the compression unit, and then passes through the second stage. The pressurizing pump unit 7 is pressurized to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler 1 tube process for a secondary cycle. Alternatively, the gas-liquid separation unit 5 and the primary pressure pump unit 6 may be used to directly compress the gas into a liquid by the compression unit 4, and then continue to increase the pressure by the secondary pressurizing unit 7. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. As shown in the figure, a liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit is provided between the primary pressure pump unit 6 and the secondary pressure pump unit 7. 8. Or a gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 9 is provided between the heat flow boiler unit and the expansion work unit. The medium is supplemented to the system or may be provided as an interface. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 10 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. Also do not collect the device.

 The medium in which the expansion is completed can also be in a gaseous state, and the temperature is close to the micro-superheat state of the saturation temperature, and is easily compressed into a liquid by the compressor. The advantage of this is that the expander does not have the impact of droplets, is easy to manufacture and has a long operating life.

When a supercritical cycle is used, that is, no liquid is generated in the cycle, and the medium is always in a superheated state. This cycle removes the gas-liquid separator, the primary pump, the secondary pump, and increases the gas cooler. According to the medium compression condition, it adopts one-stage compression primary cooling or multi-stage compression, and multi-stage cooling to reduce the compression work. Get useful work. When a single cycle is used, the absorbed thermal energy cannot be completely converted into mechanical energy, or the process design needs, and the second cycle continues the energy conversion. The composition of the second cycle is substantially the same as the first cycle, but the boiling point of the medium used is lower than the boiling point of the medium used in the first cycle. Due to the large amount of work done in the first cycle, the high power is more suitable for the turboexpander. When subcritical and transcritical cycles are used, the technical problems of the latter stages of the blade against droplet scouring must be solved. If a supercritical cycle is used, the problem of droplet scouring can be avoided. To this end, the use of double cycles is one of the ways to increase energy conversion and even completely transform all energy.

 Taking Figure 22 as an example, the first cycle and the second cycle are both the second subcritical and transcritical prime movers, as explained below:

 The first cycle is: In the heat flow boiler 1, a mixture of a low-boiling medium such as carbon dioxide and an absorbent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used, and the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the shell heat and then self-vaporizes. , entering the first expansion work unit 2 decompression expansion, converting the pressure energy into kinetic energy to push the expansion work unit 2 to move the work piece, and dragging various working machines, such as a water pump, through the output shaft of the expansion unit 2 and the transmission unit 3. The temperature of the low-boiling medium which has been completed is lowered to the saturation temperature, enters the first condensing unit 5, transfers the heat to the second-cycle low-boiling medium, condenses into a liquid, enters the first gas-liquid separation unit 6, and passes through the first pressure pump. The unit 7 is pressurized to merge with the liquid coming out of the compression unit 4 and pressurized by the second pressurizing pump 8 to a critical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler 1 for a second cycle. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. The figure shows that the liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 9 is provided before the pressure pump 8 or the gas low boiling point is set after the heat-flow boiler unit 1. The medium replenishing unit 10 replenishes the leakage low-boiling medium, and in order to save the amount of the low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 11 collects the leaking low-boiling medium, and collects and reuses. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile or only interface. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

The second cycle is: a second cycle of high pressure and lower temperature, a low boiling point medium such as air is vaporized in the second evaporator unit 12 after absorbing the heat of the first cycle low boiling medium, and the volume expands into the second expansion work unit. 13 transforming the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion unit to move the kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and the expansion work unit can drag the various working machines through the output shaft of the second prime mover and the transmission unit 14. The low-boiling medium works at the pressure temperature, the temperature is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and the liquid portion is the gas, and enters the gas-liquid separation unit 16, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 15 and is compressed into a liquid out-compression unit 15 and a second-stage addition. The outlet of the pressure pump unit 17 is merged, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 16, and is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 17 to the same pressure as the outlet of the compression unit 15 and merged with the outlet of the compression unit, and then subjected to secondary addition. Pressure pump Element 18 is pressurized to subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the second evaporation unit tube to perform a secondary cycle. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. As shown in the figure, a liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit is provided between the primary pressure pump unit 17 and the secondary pressure pump unit 18. 19. A gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 20 is provided between the heat flow boiler unit and the expansion work unit to replenish the system. In order to save the amount of the low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 21 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit can be fixed or mobile or not, and can only be used as an interface, and the leakage medium collecting unit can also be omitted.

 Referring to Figure 23, the prime mover can be supplemented with a cooling function. The first single-cycle prime mover has a refrigeration device. In the tube of the heat flow boiler, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow and then vaporizes itself, enters the low-boiling medium expansion work unit 2 to decompress and expand, and converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion work unit 2. The piece moves into the prime mover, and the generator shaft or the various working machines can be dragged through the output shaft of the expansion unit 2 and the transmission unit 3. The low boiling point medium whose work is completed is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and in part, the gas portion is liquid, and enters the gas-liquid separation unit 5. The separated gas enters the compressor 4 and is compressed into a liquid to be merged with the outlet of the pressurized pump unit 6, and then pressurized by the secondary pressurizing pump 7 to the design pressure to enter the heat flow boiler.

 The cold flow temperature is generally lower than normal temperature, and the cooling capacity can be provided; the temperature of the circulation system, especially the temperature between the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler is generally below zero, and the quantity and temperature of the cold supply can be determined according to the cooling demand and the guaranteed circulation condition. Level and select the position, as shown in the figure, the cooling unit 8 is arranged between the pressurized pump unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit and the cold flow outlet of the heat flow boiler.

 Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the circulating medium replenishment point is selected. The figure shows that the liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 9 is provided between the pressure pumps, or in front of the heat flow boiler unit 1. The liquid medium replenishing point 9 and the gas low-boiling medium replenishing unit 10 are added to the leakage low-boiling medium after the heat flow boiler, and in order to save the low-boiling medium amount, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 11 collects the leaking low-boiling medium, and collects the use. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be designed to be fixed or mobile. When it is designed to be mobile, it only has an interface on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

Figure 24 shows the dual cycle belt refrigeration prime mover. The first cycle is a subcritical transcritical, and the second cycle is a supercritical cycle prime mover with a refrigerating device. The first cycle is: In the heat pipe boiler 1 tube, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow and then expands its own gasification volume, enters the expansion work unit 2, decompresses and expands work, converts the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote expansion. The work unit moves the work of the power unit, and the output shaft of the expansion unit and the transmission unit 3 can drag other working machines, and simultaneously drive the compression unit 4 to compress the low-boiling medium, or use the motor alone. Drag the compression unit. The temperature of the low-boiling medium which has been completed is lowered to a saturated or near-saturated temperature, enters the first condensing unit 5, and the heat is transferred to the second-circulating low-boiling medium, and all of the condensed or mostly liquid enters the gas-liquid separation unit 6, and is separated. The gas entering the compression unit 4 is compressed into a liquid out compression unit and merges with the outlet liquid of the primary pressure pump unit 7, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 6, and is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 7 to The outlet pressure of the compression unit 4 is the same as that of the outlet liquid, and then pressurized by the secondary pressure pump unit 8 to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler 1 to perform a secondary cycle. The cooling unit is provided between the pressure pump unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit and the cold flow outlet of the heat flow boiler.

 To supplement the loss, the liquid medium replenishing unit 10 and the gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 11 are provided to supplement the leakage low boiling point medium. When designed as a mobile type, the supplemental unit supplements the low-boiling medium through the supplementary interface, and comprehensively considers the factors of supplementing the pressure, physical state and profitability of the low-boiling medium to select supplementary points. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 12 is provided to collect the leaking low-boiling medium, and then collect and reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile. When the mobile type is used, only the interface is made on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary device, and the leakage medium collecting device can also be omitted.

 The units described in this section, including the main engine, auxiliary equipment, instruments and controls, such as safety devices, valve valves, pressure, temperature, flow, speed, etc., are displayed and controlled in situ and remotely. Each unit can be several The units are connected in series or in parallel.

 The second cycle is a supercritical cycle zone cooling unit: in the second evaporation unit 13, the high-pressure low-temperature gaseous second low-boiling medium absorbs the shell-side first low-boiling medium heat, and then the temperature rises and expands, and enters the expansion work unit 14 The pressure expansion expands, and the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the moving member of the expansion work unit 14. The expansion work unit 14 can drag various working machines through the transmission unit 15, and simultaneously drives the compression unit 16 to the low pressure from the expansion work unit. The low boiling medium is compressed, and the compression unit 16 can also be individually dragged by the motor. The low boiling point medium temperature at which the work is completed is lowered to the micro superheat temperature and enters the compression unit 16. It is compressed to supercritical pressure and enters the second evaporation unit 13 to perform a secondary cycle. A cooling unit 17 may be provided between the compression unit and the evaporation unit or between the evaporation unit and the expansion work unit.

To supplement the loss, a low-boiling gaseous medium replenishing unit 18 is provided to replenish the leaky low-boiling medium. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 19 collects the leaked low-boiling medium and collects it for reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile. When the mobile type is used, only the interface is made on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted. See Figure 25. Figure 25 shows the second basic circulation drag fan unit of the low-grade heat flow prime mover, using a low-boiling medium such as dimethyl ether, on the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1, and the high-boiling low-boiling medium absorbs the heat flow heat of the hot fluid side. Heating and gasification, entering the expansion work unit 2 decompression expansion, converting the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit 2, driving the fan unit 3 to compress the gas, and simultaneously driving the compression unit 4 to compress the gaseous low-boiling medium , or use the motor to drive the compression unit 4 separately. The temperature of the low-boiling medium which has been completed is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and partly the liquid state is a gas state, enters the gas-liquid separation unit 5, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 4 to be compressed into a liquid, and then flows out of the compression unit and the first stage. The outlet pump unit 6 outlet liquid merges, the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 5, is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 6 to the same pressure as the outlet of the compression unit 4, and merges with the outlet of the compression unit, and then passes through the second stage. The pressurizing pump unit 7 is pressurized to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure to enter the heat flow boiler 1 tube process for a secondary cycle. Alternatively, the gas-liquid separation unit 5 may be omitted, and the gas may be directly compressed by the compression unit 4 into a liquid, and then the pressure unit 6 may be used to continue the pressure increase or the pressurization unit 6 may be omitted to directly enter the heat flow boiler. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. For example, a liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit is arranged between the primary pressure pump unit 6 and the secondary pressure pump unit 7. 8. A gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 9 is provided between the heat flow boiler unit and the expansion work unit to replenish the system. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 10 collects the leaked low-boiling medium, and collects it for reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be fixed or mobile. When the mobile type is used, only the interface is made on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

 When the gaseous medium is directly expanded to a liquid state, as shown in Fig. 1, the compression work of the compression unit and the gas is omitted, and the benefits obtained are greater. '

 The medium in which the expansion is completed can also be in a gaseous state, and the temperature is a micro-superheated state close to the saturation temperature, which is easily compressed into a liquid by the compressor. This has the advantage that the expander does not have the impact of droplets, is easy to manufacture and has a long life.

 When a supercritical cycle is used, that is, no liquid is generated in the cycle, and the medium is always in a superheated state. This cycle removes the gas-liquid separator, the primary pump, the secondary pump, and the gas cooler, and takes a first-stage compression or multi-stage compression according to the medium compression condition.

 Referring to Figure 26, the hot-flow prime mover pump unit of the double-cycle low-grade heat flow prime mover is driven by a water pump.

The first cycle is: in the tube of the heat flow boiler, a mixture of a low-boiling medium such as carbon dioxide and an absorbent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used, and the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow. Self-gasification, enter the expansion work unit 2 decompression expansion, convert the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the expansion work unit 2 Movement of the moving part, dragging the pump unit 3 to do work, the temperature of the low-boiling medium that has completed the work is lowered to the saturation temperature, entering the first condensing unit 5, transferring the heat to the second circulating low-boiling medium and condensing into a liquid into the first storage liquid Unit 6, the separated gas enters the compression unit 4 and is compressed into a liquid to meet the outlet of the primary pressure pump 7. The separated liquid is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 7 to the same liquid pressure as the outlet of the compression unit 4, and then pressurized by the second pressure pump unit 8 to subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the heat flow boiler 1 tube process Secondary cycle. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. The figure shows that the liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit 9 is provided before the secondary pressure pump, or the gas state is set after the heat flow boiler unit 1. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit 10 replenishes the leakage low-boiling medium, and in order to save the amount of the low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 11 collects the leaking low-boiling medium, and collects and reuses. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit can be designed to be fixed or mobile. When designing to be mobile, only the interface is made on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

 The second cycle is: a second cycle of high pressure and lower temperature, a low boiling point medium such as nitrogen is vaporized in the second evaporation unit 12 to absorb the heat of the first cycle low boiling medium, and the volume expands into the second expansion work unit 13 The pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion unit of the work unit, and the kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy, and the pump unit 14 is driven to perform work. The low-boiling medium works at the pressure temperature, the temperature is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and the liquid portion is the gas, and enters the gas-liquid separation unit 16, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 15 and is compressed into a liquid discharge unit 15 and a primary pressure pump. The outlet of the unit 17 is confluent, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 16, and is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 17 to the same pressure as the outlet of the compression unit 15 and merges with the outlet of the compression unit, and then passes through the secondary pressure pump. Unit 18 is pressurized to subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the second evaporation unit tube for a second cycle. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. For example, a liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit is arranged between the primary pressure pump unit 17 and the secondary pressure pump unit 18. 19, or a gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 20 is provided between the evaporation unit 12 and the expansion work unit 13 to replenish the system. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, a leaking low-boiling medium collecting device 21 is provided to collect the leaked low-boiling medium, which is collected and reused. The low-boiling medium replenishing device can be designed to be fixed or mobile. When it is designed to be mobile, it only has an interface on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary device, and the leakage medium collecting device can be omitted.

 Figure 27 The first basic single cycle, subcritical, transcritical single cycle prime mover drag and cooling

The circulation process is: On the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler 1, a low-boiling medium such as the Freon substitute series R134a is used, and the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow and then vaporizes itself, and enters the expansion work order. Yuan 2 decompresses and expands, transforms the pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote the movement of the expansion unit 2, and drives the conveyor unit 3 to work. The temperature of the low-boiling medium that has completed the work is lowered to the saturation temperature, and the compression unit 4 is compressed and liquefied. Pressurized by the pump unit 5 to subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the heat flow boiler 1 tube to do a second cycle. Considering the pressure, the state of matter and the benefit as much as possible to supplement the low-boiling medium, the supplementary point is selected. The figure shows that the liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 7 is provided before the pressure pump 5, or the gas low-boiling point is set after the expansion unit 2. The medium replenishing unit 8 replenishes the leakage low-boiling medium, and in order to save the amount of the low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 9 collects the leaking low-boiling medium, and collects and reuses. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit can be designed to be fixed or mobile. When designing to be mobile, only the interface is made on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

 The cold flow temperature is generally lower than normal temperature, and the cooling capacity can be provided; the temperature of the circulation system, especially the temperature between the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler is generally below zero, and the quantity and temperature of the cold supply can be determined according to the cooling demand and the guaranteed circulation condition. Level and select the position, as shown in the cooling unit 6 is set between the cold flow outlet of the heat flow boiler, the pressure pump unit and the heat flow. The boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit.

 As shown in Figure 28, double loop drag, power generation and cooling.

 The first cycle is: in the tube of the heat flow boiler, using a low-boiling medium such as ammonia, the high-pressure low-temperature liquid low-boiling medium absorbs the heat of the shell-side heat flow and then vaporizes itself, enters the expansion work unit 2, decompresses and expands, puts the pressure Can be converted into kinetic energy to promote the expansion of the work unit 2 moving parts movement, drive the working unit 3) work, the low-boiling medium temperature of the completed work is reduced to the saturation temperature, enter the first condensing unit 5, transfer heat to the second circulating low-boiling medium For example, carbon dioxide is condensed into a liquid and enters the first gas-liquid separation unit 6, and is pressurized by the first pressure pump unit 7. The separated gas is compressed by the compression unit 4 into a liquid to merge with the outlet liquid of the primary pressure pump 7. The separated liquid is pressurized by the primary pressure pump 7. After the two fluids are merged, they are pressurized by the secondary pressure pump 8 to the subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the heat flow boiler. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. The figure shows that the liquid low-boiling medium replenishing unit 10 is provided before the first-stage pressure pump 7, or after the condensing unit 5 The gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 11 replenishes the leakage low-boiling medium, and in order to save the amount of the low-boiling medium, the leakage low-boiling medium collecting unit 12 collects the leaking low-boiling medium, and collects and reuses. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit can be designed to be fixed or mobile. When it is designed to be mobile, it only has an interface on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

The cold flow temperature is generally lower than the normal temperature, and the cooling capacity can be provided; the temperature of the circulation system, especially the temperature between the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler is generally below zero, and the amount of cold supply can be determined according to the cooling demand and the guaranteed circulation condition. And the temperature level and the position is selected, as shown in the figure, the cooling unit 9 is disposed between the pressurized pump unit and the heat flow boiler or between the heat flow boiler and the expansion work unit and the heat flow boiler cold flow outlet.

 The second cycle is: a second cycle of high pressure and lower temperature, the low boiling point medium such as carbon dioxide is vaporized in the second evaporation unit 13 to absorb the heat of the first cycle low boiling medium, and the volume expands into the second expansion work unit 14 The transformation of pressure energy into kinetic energy promotes the movement of the moving part of the expansion unit, converts the kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and drives the rotation of the rotor of the power generating unit 15 to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy. After the work of the low-boiling medium, the pressure is lowered, the temperature is lowered to the liquefaction temperature, and the liquid portion is the gas, and the gas is separated into the gas-liquid separation unit 17, and the separated gas enters the compression unit 16 and is compressed into a liquid discharge unit and pressurized. The outlet of the pump unit 18 is confluent, and the separated liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the separation unit 17, and is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit 18 to the same outlet pressure as the compression unit 16 and merges with the outlet of the compression unit, and then passes through the secondary pressure pump. The unit 19 is pressurized to a subcritical or critical or even supercritical pressure into the second evaporation unit 13 to perform a secondary cycle. It is also possible to prevent the separation unit from being directly compressed into a liquid by the compression unit. Even cancel the primary pressure pump and even cancel the primary and secondary pressure pumps directly into the second evaporation unit. Considering the pressure, physical state of the low-boiling medium and the benefit as much as possible, the supplementary point is selected. For example, a liquid low-boiling medium supplement unit is arranged between the primary pressure pump unit 18 and the secondary pressure pump unit 19. 21, or a gaseous low-boiling medium replenishing unit 22 is provided between the heat flow boiler unit and the expansion work unit to replenish the system. In order to save the amount of low-boiling medium, the leaking low-boiling medium collecting unit 23 collects the leaked low-boiling medium, and collects it for reuse. The low-boiling medium replenishing unit can be designed to be fixed or mobile. When designing to be mobile, only the interface is made on the system. According to the process design, there is no supplementary unit, and the leakage medium collecting unit can be omitted.

 The low-boiling medium medium temperature is lower than the cold flow, and the second cycle is below tens of degrees or even -10 CTC. The cooling capacity can be provided; the quantity and temperature level of the available cooling capacity can be determined according to the cooling capacity requirement and the guaranteed circulation condition, and the position is selected, as shown in the figure, the cooling unit 20 is disposed between the pressurized pump unit and the second evaporation unit or the evaporation unit and Swell between work units.

 It is also possible to provide cooling in only one cycle.

 Other circulation type prime movers, other circulation type prime movers with refrigeration, other circulation type prime mover drag, power generation and cooling are no longer listed.

 The first cycle and the second cycle and the multiple cycles above the double cycle, the medium expansion process, has the following modes: 1. One expansion; 2. Secondary and multiple expansion; 3. Each expansion can be a level; 4. Each The secondary expansion can be multi-stage; 5, one expander; more than 6 expanders.

The following processes can be used to reduce temperature and compression: 1. The gaseous medium expands directly into a liquid, and the liquid medium is pressurized by a pump, and then enters a heat flow boiler or an evaporation unit, such as a first subcritical and transcritical cycle;

 2. The gaseous medium expands to a saturated state, that is, there are liquids and gases or even a small amount of solids. It is a two-phase flow or a three-phase flow. The gas is separated by a gas-liquid separation. The separated liquid is pressurized by a pump, and the separated gas is compressed. The unit is pressurized and cooled by a cooling unit to form a liquid, which is then pressurized with a secondary pressure pump into a heat flow boiler or evaporation unit, such as a second subcritical, transcritical cycle;

 3. The gaseous medium is still gas after expansion, but it is close to the saturation temperature, the purpose is to minimize the compression work, it is easily compressed into a liquid by the compressor, and then continue to pressurize with the pump, and then enter the heat flow boiler after being boosted or An evaporation unit, such as a second subcritical, transcritical cycle;

 4. The gaseous medium is still gas after expansion, but it is close to the saturation temperature, the purpose is to minimize the compression work, and it is compressed by the compression unit and sent to the heat flow boiler unit or the previous circulation cooling unit, such as the first supercritical cycle;

 5. The gas medium is still gas after expansion and work, and the degree of superheat is high. However, according to the process, the expansion temperature should be designed to minimize the compression work. After pressurizing with the compression unit, use air or circulating cooling water (including brine) or another medium to cool down to the design value as needed. It is also possible to perform intermediate cooling on the compressed unit in the compressed unit, and the compression is finally entered into the heat flow boiler unit or the previous one. Cyclic cooling units, such as the first and second supercritical cycles.

 Compression and cooling stages and times, whether subcritical, transcritical or supercritical, can be designed for one or more stages of compression, one or more compressions, no cooling or primary (secondary) cooling or multiple stages depending on the media characteristics. (times) Cooling. .

 To supplement the leakage loss, the first cycle and the second cycle medium replenishment port and the supplementary unit are provided. The position of the replenishing port is preferably set before the secondary pressurizing pump unit or before the evaporating unit when replenishing with the liquid medium. When the gas medium is used for replenishment, the pressure of the replenishing medium and the pressure before the air intake of the expander are set at a position suitable for replenishing and not wasting the energy of the replenishing medium to obtain maximum power generation capacity or output.

 Since the circulation of the low-boiling medium is operated at a low temperature, it is necessary to keep warm and keep cold, so that the circulation is close to the adiabatic cycle or the adiabatic cycle.

 The above-described embodiments are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. protected range.

Claims

Claim A low-grade heat flow power generation system, characterized in that: the working unit of the system comprises a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a pressurization or compression unit, and a power generation unit, wherein the heat flow boiler unit comprises a heat flow boiler, which is low in use The boiling point medium passes through the working unit and performs a working cycle;  The heat flow boiler uses heat of a low-grade hot fluid as a heat source, the low-grade hot fluid passes through a hot fluid side of the heat flow boiler, and the low-boiling medium flows through a cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler Absorbing heat of the low-grade heat flow, and then entering an expansion work unit, converting thermal energy and pressure energy into kinetic energy to promote movement of the moving unit of the expansion work unit, wherein the low-boiling medium is pressurized or compressed by a pressurizing unit Compressed back to the heat flow boiler unit for a working cycle, the expansion work unit is provided with an output shaft connected to the power generation unit.  2. The low-grade heat flow power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: between said expansion work unit and said pressurization or compression unit,  There is also a cooling unit for cooling and condensing the finished low-boiling medium;  Or a compression unit is provided to compress the low-boiling medium that has been completed into a liquid;  Or a compression unit and a cooling unit are provided to compress and re-cool the finished low-boiling medium to condense into a liquid. 3. The low grade heat flow power generation system of claim 1 wherein: said low grade heat flow temperature is between 40 ° C and 200 ° C.  4. The low-grade heat flow power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: said low-boiling medium absorbs heat and vaporizes in a heat flow boiler, and has a boiling point of between 30 ° C and 160 ° C at zero; The unit is liquefied, and the liquefaction temperature is higher than normal temperature or lower than normal temperature but higher than the temperature of the cooling medium used in the cooling unit.  The low-grade 3⁄4⁄4 stream power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the low-boiling medium is one of the following substances or mixtures:  a mixture of dimethyl ether or dimethyl ether and its solvent;  Vinyl chloride  R134a, R410A, R404A and other refrigerant series;  HFC, CFC, HCFC synthetic gas series;  a mixture of carbon dioxide gas or carbon dioxide and its absorbent;  An aqueous solution of nitrogen, air, helium, argon, hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia;  An aqueous solution of an alcohol and an alcohol;  Alkanes and their compounds with other substances;  a compound of an olefin and an alkene with another substance;  a compound of an aromatic hydrocarbon such as a benzene or an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene and other substances; a carbonic acid hydroxide such as an ether; Hydrocarbon halogen compound, hydrocarbon oxyhalide compound.  6. The low-grade heat flow power generation system according to claim 5, wherein: said duty cycle is a power generation cycle, and said power generation cycle may be one of five basic power generation cycles:  The first basic power generation cycle is a subcritical, transcritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a cooling unit, a pressure pump unit, and a compression unit; the low boiling point The state of matter of the medium during operation is a mutual conversion between a gaseous state and a liquid state. After entering the heat flow boiler unit, the low-boiling medium heat exchanges with the low-grade heat flow and absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and converts the liquid state into a gaseous state. And then entering the expansion working unit to expand the expansion unit to promote the movement of the moving component of the expansion unit, and the movement of the moving unit of the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, thereby converting thermal energy into mechanical energy through mechanical energy; The low-boiling medium expands and works, then depressurizes and cools, and then cools to a liquid state. It can also be compressed into liquid or compressed, then cooled to a liquid state, and then pressurized to a high pressure by the pressurized pump unit and then returned to the liquid. The heat flow boiler unit is circulated;  The second basic power generation cycle is a subcritical, transcritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a gas-liquid separation unit, a compression unit, a cooling unit, and a pressure pump unit; The physical state of the medium during operation is a mutual conversion between a gaseous state and a liquid state. After the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler unit, heat exchange with the low-grade heat flow absorbs heat of the low-grade heat flow, and is converted from a liquid state to a gaseous state. After that, the expansion work unit is decompressed and expanded to promote the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit, and the movement of the moving parts of the expansion work unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, thereby converting the thermal energy into mechanical energy through mechanical energy; The cooling is changed into a gas-liquid two-phase flow into the gas-liquid separation unit, and the gaseous medium separated by the separation unit is compressed into a liquid state by a compression unit and increased in pressure, or compressed and cooled in the cooling unit to be converted into a liquid state and increased in pressure. The separated liquid is pressurized by the primary pressure pump unit and The liquid medium at the outlet of the shrink unit is merged, and then pressurized by the secondary pressure pump unit to the high pressure flow back to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation; according to the characteristics of different media and the design of the process, the gas-liquid separation unit may not be provided. The two-phase flow is compressed into a liquid state by a compression unit or compressed by a compression unit, and then cooled by a cooling unit to be in a liquid state, and then pressurized by a pump to be returned to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation; The third basic power generation cycle is a sub-critical, transcritical power generation cycle using reheating, including a heat flow boiler unit, a first expansion work unit, a first power generation unit, a reheat unit, a second expansion unit, and a second power generation unit. a cooling unit or a compression unit and a cooling unit, a pressure pump unit; the physical state of the low-boiling medium during operation is a mutual conversion between a gaseous state and a liquid state, after the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler unit, The low-grade heat flow performs heat exchange to absorb the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and is converted from the liquid state to the gaseous state, and then enters the expansion work unit to reduce the expansion and promotes the movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit, and the movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity. The thermal energy is converted into electrical energy by mechanical energy; the low-boiling medium expands to work, and then the pressure is lowered and the temperature is reheated, that is, the secondary heat is raised, the second expansion is performed, and even the second heat is the third time. Expansion work. After the work, the pressure temperature is reduced to the design value, and the cooling unit can be used near the three-phase point or near the two-phase point. cold However, it is condensed or compressed by a compression unit or compressed by a compression unit and then cooled by a cooling unit to form a liquid, and then pressurized by a pressurized pump unit to a high pressure or even a supercritical pressure heat source boiler to absorb heat for a second cycle;  The fourth basic power generation cycle is a supercritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a compression unit, and a cooling unit; the physical state of the low-boiling medium during operation is In the whole process, the high-pressure low-boiling medium enters the heat-flow boiler unit, and exchanges heat with the low-grade heat flow to absorb the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and the temperature rises and expands, and then enters the expansion work unit to expand the expansion unit to promote the movement of the expansion unit. Movement of the component, the movement of the moving component of the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, and converts thermal energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy; the low-boiling medium expands to work as a gaseous state, but the temperature and pressure are reduced, and the compression unit is compressed. Compressing to high pressure and flowing back to the heat flow boiler unit for circulation; before the low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler again, a cooling unit may be provided, and the low-boiling medium is cooled by an external cold source;  The fifth basic power generation cycle is a supercritical power generation cycle, including a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a power generation unit, a compression unit, and a self-heat exchange unit; and the physical state of the low-boiling medium in the working process is a full-range gaseous state. After the high-pressure low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler unit, heat exchange with the low-grade heat flow absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and the temperature rises and expands, and then enters the expansion work unit to expand and expand the moving parts of the expansion work unit. The movement of the moving unit of the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, and the thermal energy is converted into electrical energy by mechanical energy; the low-boiling medium expands to work, and then the pressure is lowered to a gaseous state, but the temperature and pressure are lowered, and the compression unit is entered. The low-boiling medium is compressed, and the heat exchange unit is used to exchange heat with the low-boiling medium flowing out of the heat flow boiler, thereby reducing the temperature of the boiler and returning to the heat-flow boiler unit for circulation; The low-boiling medium enters the heat flow boiler again, and may also be provided with cold Means utilizing external cooling source for cooling the low boiling-point medium of claim.  7. The low grade heat flow power generation system of claim 6 wherein:  The five basic power generation cycles further include cooling units, which respectively constitute five power generation-cooling combined cycles, namely, first, second, third, fourth and fifth basic power generation-refrigeration combined cycles.  The low-grade heat flow power generation system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: the five basic power generation cycles and the five basic power generation-cooling combined cycles respectively include a medium supplementing unit, and may also include Leaking medium collection unit;  In the first, second, and third basic power generation cycles and the first, second, and third basic power generation-cooling combined cycles, the pressure pump unit may be a primary pressure pump or a secondary pressure Pump unit  In the basic power generation cycle and the basic power generation-cooling combined cycle, the expansion unit may be a primary expansion or a multi-stage expansion, a primary expansion or a multiple expansion unit; In the basic power generation cycle and the basic power generation-cooling combined cycle, the compression unit may be a primary compression or a multi-stage compression, a primary compression or a multiple compression unit; The five basic power generation cycles and the units in the power generation refrigeration cycle mean that the unit includes the body device and its accessory devices, components, components, connections, and instruments and controls.  9. The low-grade heat flow power generation system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: said low-grade heat flow power generation system comprises two or two cycles, said cycle may be said five a combination of a basic power generation cycle and any two or more of the five basic power generation refrigeration cycles; the connection to the latter cycle is achieved by a cooling unit after the expansion of the power unit in the previous cycle or by adding a cooling unit, The low boiling point medium of the previous cycle in the cooling unit is heat exchanged with the low boiling point medium in the latter cycle.  10. A low-grade heat flow power generation method, comprising the steps of:  First, the low-boiling medium is used to exchange heat with the low-grade heat flow in the heat flow boiler to absorb the heat of the low-grade heat flow, and the low-boiling medium temperature rises, and the liquid state is converted into the gaseous state when the subcritical cross-critical cycle is adopted. Volume expansion, maintaining a gaseous state when the supercritical cycle is taken but the temperature is increased and the volume is expanded;  Secondly, the low-boiling medium is expanded under reduced pressure in the expansion unit, and the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy and then converted into mechanical energy;  Third, the low boiling point medium is cooled or liquefied, and the liquefaction methods are: cooling and cooling liquefaction, compression liquefaction, compression, and cooling to cool and liquefy; ' Fourth, pressurizing or compressing the low-boiling medium to return it to the heat flow boiler;  The above steps form a loop;  Fifth, converting the mechanical energy output generated by the expansion work unit into electrical energy;  After the second step, reheating and secondary expansion or multiple reheating multiple expansions may be employed to increase the amount of heat absorbed and the amount of work done.  11. The low-grade heat flow power generation method according to claim 10, further comprising: a cooling step, wherein said cooling step is set at a low boiling point after said heat exchange step of said low boiling point medium and low grade heat flow The medium working circuit may also be disposed in the heat flow outlet of the heat flow boiler before the step of heat-exchange of the low-boiling medium with the low-grade heat flow after being decompressed and expanded.  12. The low-grade heat flow power generation method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein:  The low boiling point medium has a boiling point of 30 ° C to 160 ° C under normal working conditions of the heat flow boiler, and the liquefaction temperature in the condenser is higher than normal temperature or lower than normal temperature but higher than the cooling medium used. temperature.  The low-grade heat flow power generation method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the low-boiling medium is one of the following substances or any combination thereof:  a mixture of dimethyl ether or dimethyl ether and its solvent;  Vinyl chloride  R134a, R410A and other refrigerant series; HFC type synthetic gas series; a carbonic acid hydroxide such as an ether;  a mixture of carbon dioxide gas or carbon dioxide and its absorbent;  An aqueous solution of nitrogen, air, helium, argon, hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia, an aqueous solution of an alcohol and an alcohol; a compound of an alkane and other substances;  Alkene and its compounds with other substances;  Alkyne and its compounds with other substances;  Benzene and its compounds with other substances;  Hydrocarbon halogen compound, hydrocarbon oxyhalide compound.  14. A low-grade heat flow prime mover, characterized in that: the working unit of the prime mover comprises a heat flow boiler unit, an expansion work unit, a liquefaction unit, a pressurizing unit; the heat flow boiler unit comprises a heat flow boiler, The heat flow boiler uses a low-grade heat flow as a heat source to provide heat without fuel, and uses a low-boiling medium to pass through the working unit and perform a work cycle;  The low-grade heat flow passes through the hot fluid side of the heat flow boiler, and the low-temperature low-boiling medium having a certain pressure absorbs the heat of the low-grade heat flow when flowing through the cold fluid side of the heat flow boiler, and then enters the expansion. The work unit converts pressure energy and thermal energy into kinetic energy to promote movement of the moving component of the expansion work unit, and the low boiling medium expands and is liquefied into liquid by the liquefaction unit, and the liquefaction method has cooling, cooling, liquefaction, compression liquefaction, compression, and cooling and cooling. Liquefaction; after liquefaction, after being pressurized by the pressurizing unit, flowing back to the heat flow boiler unit to form a working cycle, the expansion work unit is provided with a power output shaft.  15. The low grade heat flow prime mover of claim 14 wherein: said power take off shaft is coupled to the transmission unit.  16. The low grade heat flow prime mover of claim 15 wherein: said transmission unit is coupled to the work machine unit to be a low grade heat flow prime mover work unit.