WO2011007009A2 - Solar heating system, air-conditioning system and accumulator heating plate therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an accumulator temperature control plate, comprising a panel heating and/or cooling unit and a latent heat accumulator, wherein the base plate is provided with a clay or cement-based plate base material, and to a solar heating system for building, comprising a solar heating element or a photovoltaic cell and at least one accumulator temperature control plate, comprising a panel heating unit that can be heated by the solar heating element and a latent heat accumulator. The invention further relates to a method for air conditioning a building, comprising at least one accumulator temperature control plate. During winter, while the ambient temperatures are cold, a panel heating element of the accumulator temperature control plate is heated, and more particularly is heated by solar energy. After a certain room temperature is exceeded, the latent heat accumulator is charged, and at night, as the building cools down when the heater is not operated, the latent heat accumulator is discharged, and thereby gives off the energy thereof, while in the summer the latent heat accumulator withdraws heat from the building when a certain temperature is exceeded, and thereby contributes to cooling the same and the latent heat accumulator is charged. At night, when the temperatures decline, the latent heat accumulator is discharged by ventilating or cooling the building and by the associated cooling down of the building.

Description

 SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM, AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND

STORAGE HEATING PLATE FOR THIS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a Speicherheizplatte with a flat heating element and a Latentwarmespeichermatenal and a solar heating system and a system and

Method for air conditioning of buildings using the storage hotplate

STATE OF THE ART

From the prior art, for example, from WO 2006/128565 Al a wall structure of an interior boundary wall with a heating module is known which a

 This wall heating module is formed from a plasterboard in which a layer area of a latent heat storage material is stored. However, the construction of the wall module is very complicated and by the materials used, in particular the formation of the base plate made of plasterboard , there is only a limited interaction of the heating element with the latent heat storage, wherein the base plate made of plasterboard essentially provides only a carrying function. However, this leads to the fact that the properties for use in buildings are insufficient

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for the air conditioning of rooms, which produce a pleasant indoor climate with little effort, in particular via the use of solar energy and thereby usable

Specify storage hot plates, which have a balanced property profile and are easy to produce and effectively usable TECHNICAL SOLUTION

This object is achieved by a Speicheremperierplatte according to claim 1 or 3, a solar heating system according to claim 6 and a solar heating method or a method and system for air conditioning of Raumennach claim 10. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims

In the present invention Speichermpenerplatten are described with flat heating elements whose surface heating, for example, by electrical surface heating, in particular with carbon fiber sheets, fabrics, nonwovens or -wirirken, or

Flat heating systems are formed by means of heating by circulation of appropriate gaseous or liquid heating media in the corresponding surface heating system, wherein the respective surface heating element is accommodated in a slab of clay building materials or cement-based materials, such as mortar or concrete, in which an additional

 Latent heat storage material is provided. The latent heat storage material may in this case be distributed homogeneously over the entire storage temperature control plate or arranged in corresponding layers or limited volume regions. The use of clay building materials or cement-based materials, such as mortar or concrete for the production of the storage tempering plate produces good room climate properties. Especially with clay building materials are particularly good Wärmeleiteigenschaften, heat storage capabilities, storage capacity for moisture and simple

Producability ensured, so that a total of a simple to produce and usable drywall is provided, with an excellent indoor climate can be created Under clay here is a mixture of sand, clay and / or silt understood. In addition to the base plate of clay and / or cement-based building materials, such as mortar and concrete, the plate may contain other components, such.

Decorative surfaces of other materials. In particular, according to another aspect, which is claimed both independently and independently of other aspects as well as in combination with this protection, the latent-heat storage may be dispersed in the board base material. In this case, other materials can be used as a board base material, such as gypsum, wood, eg wood fibers or the like. While dispersing, mixing the Understood latent heat storage material with the plate base material, so that a heterogeneous mixture of at least two phases is present. The dispersed

Latent heat storage can also be distributed homogeneously in particular. The latent heat storage material may be both microencapsulated and macroencapsulated, ie encapsulated in the form of small balls or the like or encapsulated in a larger unit, such as part of the storage temperature plate or the storage temperature plate as a whole encapsulation means impermeable to the latent heat storage material to avoid a fading of the material. The flat heating element can also be realized by simple resistance wire heaters or in the form of other known surface heaters, such as wall, ceiling and / or floor heaters.

A solar heating system with storage tempering plates with latent heat storage allows the use of solar energy during the day to charge the latent heat storage and release the heat energy stored in the latent heat storage in the cool night. By interacting with the flat heating elements in the storage temperature control panels, a simple heating of a building can be realized in the Wmter, whereby a simple temperature control and / or regulation via the latent heat storage material is possible, since upon reaching the conversion range, the temperature initially remains constant and the additional heating energy in the latent heat storage is transferred Only when the latent heat storage is fully charged, the corresponding surface heating can be switched off via a temperature sensor. At night, when there is no solar energy available, the latent heat storage tank is discharged, so that the temperature in the building does not fall below a certain preset temperature value. In summer, the system can be used without air-conditioning heating, because when the room temperature is exceeded, the available room heat is stored in the latent-heat storage, the PCM (phase change material) transforming its phase from solid to liquid, thus consuming heat. At night, when the temperature is cooler can be discharged by appropriate ventilation of the building or use of cooling, for example in the form of a flowed with coolant "surface heating" the latent heat storage so that it is available again for Kuhlzwecke the next day. Due to the latent heat storage, an automatic temperature control is achieved on the basis of the set transformation temperature. In addition, however, it is also possible to additionally provide a control and / or regulation together with a temperature sensor, which makes it possible to load or unload the latent-heat store as a function of the determined temperature and the expected future requirements (cooling / heating). Since this can be done at constant temperature, it can be used to excess energy or correspondingly available cooling medium In addition, can be determined by means of the temperature sensor, as the state of the latent heat accumulator. When cooling or heating by a cooling device or a Flächenheizelement the latent heat accumulator is discharged or charged until a temperature change is detected.

The temperature sensor can be arranged in the storage temperature control plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show in a purely schematic way in Figure 1 is a perspective view of a storage temperature in a first

 embodiment;

 Figure 2 is a perspective view of a storage temperature control plate according to the present invention in a second embodiment;

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a storage temperature control plate according to the invention in a third embodiment;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view through a building with a first embodiment of a solar heating system according to the invention; and in

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view through a building with a second embodiment of a solar heating system according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a storage tempering plate 1 which is made from a clay building material 2 and has stored a large number of microcapsules 4, which have a latent heat storage or a so-called phase change material PCM (FIG. Phase change material). The microcapsules with the PCM material are incorporated or admixed during the production of the clay building board in the clay construction material, so that a homogeneous distribution of the PCM material in the form of microspheres or particles throughout

Memory temperature plate results.

In the Speicheremperierplatte 1 also a carbon fiber sheet 3 is incorporated, which protrudes in the illustrated embodiment at the upper end of the storage temperature 1. The protruding area can be used as a connection possibility for a

However, it is also possible to make the carbon fiber film flush with the end faces, as shown on the longitudinal end face of Figure 1. For connection of adjacent storage temperature control plates 1, which can be arranged side by side and one above the other, then corresponding additional connecting elements such as plugs or clips can be used, which only have to ensure an electrical connection.

The carbon fiber sheet 3 has a plurality of holes 5 in order to ensure a good integration into the clay building material, so that the clay building material can penetrate through the holes and can take the carbon fiber sheet firmly and securely in the Speicheremperierplatte 1

Instead of a carbon fiber film, other electrical surface heating elements can be used, which can be heated by an electrical power supply, such as wire mesh, metal foils or the like. The flat heating element, which is described in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1 as a carbon fiber sheet 3, can thus be realized by a variety of materials and designs, if the function of a simple electric surface heating is given, which are preferably operated in the low voltage range with, for example, 12 or 24 or 36 volts can.

Instead of the clay building material 2, from which the storage tempering plate 1 is preferably formed, other comparable materials can be used, which has comparable values in terms of their heat storage capacity, their thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, density, etc., wherein loam materials, in particular to

Loam drying building boards are processable, due to their physical properties and in particular their properties in terms of moisture storage capacity and room air conditioning are preferred The materials for forming the latent heat storage can be formed by any suitable material that can store and release by a phase change from solid to liquid and liquid to solid heat. In particular, these may be parafins, ie waxes, or salt hydrates. The PCM material may be in the form of granules and installed without a shell in the clay construction material if the PCM material is not absorbed by the clay construction material but forms sealed voids for the PCM material. In addition, the PCM materials may be incorporated in appropriate capsules, for example plastic capsules made of polyethylene or the like, for mixing with the plate material, in particular the

To avoid loam material.

In particular, the PCM material is chosen so that the phase change of the PCM material from solid to liquid or liquid is tightly tuned to use in the living or working spaces of a building. In particular, the temperature ranges in which the phase change of the latent heat storage material takes place can be in the range of 18 ° to 30 ° C., in particular 20 ° to 27 ° C., preferably 21 ° to 26 ° C.

If the phase change takes place in this temperature range, this results in a

Temperature increase a heat consumption by the absorbed melting energy, so that over a certain temperature range, the temperature in the building can be kept constant. Only when the complete conversion of the latent heat storage is completed from the solid to the liquid phase and the latent heat storage is thus fully charged, there is a further increase in temperature. Conversely, when lowering the temperature below the transition temperature, the latent heat storage material (PCM) is transferred from the liquid to the solid state, releasing heat. This heat causes the space of the building, in which one or more corresponding storage tempering plates are arranged, to be heated when the temperature drops below a certain value, so that initially the temperature remains constant. By appropriate selection of a suitable latent heat storage material in which the phase change liquid solid or solid liquid takes place at a certain temperature or a narrow temperature range, an automatic control of the temperature in the building can be realized in this heat range, without using complex electronic controls or control technology to have to. A further embodiment of a storage tempering plate 10 is shown in FIG. 2, in which a clay building material 20 for producing a drywall is mixed with a plurality of particles 40 of latent heat storage material (PCM material) so that a homogeneous distribution of the PCM material is achieved in the clay drywall 20

The storage tank burner plate 10 has heating means in the form of tubes 30 instead of an electric heater, through which a corresponding heating medium, for example a

Liquid or a gaseous medium can be passed to form a surface heating In the embodiment of the storage temperature control plate 10 of Figure 2, the corresponding tubes 30 protrude at the narrow end faces to adjacent

Speicheremperierplatten be connected or to a corresponding

Of course, the pipes, which represent the forward and backward and can be formed by a single continuous pipe, flush with the plate surface or be arranged sunk. Accordingly, a second type of storage tempering plates (not shown) may be provided in the system, which have the corresponding corresponding connections for the protruding tubes 30 of the storage tempering plate 10, ie have corresponding recesses into which the pipe sockets can be inserted. Alternatively, the storage temperature control plates can also be designed so that the corresponding tubes 30 protrude on one side, while on the opposite side

Recesses are provided into which the corresponding pipe socket of an adjacent plate can be inserted. Or it may be provided corresponding connection means.

The storage tank piller plate 10 thus differs from the storage tank temperature control plate 1 of FIG. 1 only in that another heating medium is used for surface heating. Otherwise, the storage tempering plates 1 and 10 do not differ further, so that an additional description of the characteristics of the storage tempering plate 10 is dispensed with, since these correspond to the properties of the storage metering plate 1. In particular, both storage tempering plates 1 and 10 can be juxtaposed and superimposed on the walls, the ceiling or be placed on the floor of a building to there appropriate

To form flat heating elements with storage and air conditioning function. Instead of a homogeneous distribution of the latent heat storage materials over the entire volume of the storage tempering plate, as shown in the storage tempering plates 1 and 10, it is also possible to provide the latent heat storage material in a separate layer or a limited volume range in the storage tempering. This is in the cross-sectional view of a corresponding storage tempering 100 shown in FIG. The storage tempering plate 100 of FIG. 3 in turn has a base plate 200 made of clay material, in which a flat heating element 300, for example in the form of an electric surface heating or a correspondingly designed surface heating with circulating heating medium, is provided.

Instead of a distribution of PCM material in the form of particles or spheres over the entire volume of the storage temperature plate as in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, a layer 400 made of PCM material is shown in the storage tempering plate 100, which is shown in cross-section in FIG. Material provided, which may extend over the entire cross-section or even only part of the cross section of the storage temperature control plate 100.

 In particular, the layer may be provided parallel to a main surface of the storage temperature control plate.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show two exemplary embodiments of a solar heating system using the described storage tempering plates 1, 10, 100 or other storage tempering plates, as long as they are the essential basic functions of the

In the embodiment of Figure 4 are in a building 50 a plurality of storage tempering 1, for example, as drywall on the inner walls of the building or as cladding of the walls of the building 50, in particular provided in the interior, which are electrically connected to each other so that they represent a corresponding surface heating. The interconnected storage tempering plates or individual storage tempering plates or areas of a plurality of storage tempering plates are connected via electrical connecting lines 52 to a solar module 51, which generates electricity via corresponding photovoltaic processes. This current is used to heat the storage temperature control panels 1 inside the building. It is advantageous here that low-voltage heaters can be used, which can be operated advantageously with solar power. By in the

Speicheremperierplatten 1 provided latent heat storage material is the heat generated by the surface heating due to the solar power generated by the solar module 51 is produced, stored at a certain, defined by the PCM material temperature in the Speicheremperierplatten 1, without the room heat above the preset value by the PCM material increases. Should the latent heat storage by the

Heating energy, which is generated by the solar cell 51, be fully charged and a

Temperature sensor determine a temperature increase above the predetermined temperature, the surface heating can be turned off and the solar power can be used for other purposes. A possibly existing buffer memory (not shown) for buffering the heat generated by solar energy can be designed correspondingly smaller. At night, when no sun and no solar power available and due to the lack of sunlight there is a cooling, the

Latent heat storage materials in the Speicheremperierplatten 1 when descending below the preset temperature value, the heat stored in the building, so that the temperature does not drop below the predetermined value. Thus, a constant temperature in the building 50 can be ensured without complex control technology.

In the summer, when no heating is necessary, the storage temperature control panels 1 additionally serve to cool the building, since when rising above that of the

Latent heat storage predetermined temperature record the latent heat storage heat and so provide a cooling of the building 50. At night, when cooler ambient air is present, the building can be ventilated and cooled, so that the amount of heat stored in the latent heat storage can be dissipated, since the cooling of the PCM material is solidified and thus the heat is dissipated. Thus, a simple air conditioning in both summer and in winter is possible.

Through the clay construction material for the Speicheremperierplatten 1, 10, 100 is used, which preferably in the solar heating or

Air conditioning system can be used in particular by the very good

Thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity of the clay as well as due to its high density and mass and in addition by the high moisture-regulating effect of the clay a particularly pleasant living space climate are created. FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a solar heating system in a building 60 in which the storage tempering plates 10 are used, again as drywall in the interior of the building or as a lining of corresponding walls, ceiling or floor in the building 60 of the embodiment 5, instead of a photovoltaic solar cell module 51, as in the embodiment of Figure 4, a solar module 61 is used in which a frost-resistant heating medium, such as an alcohol or the like or a corresponding gas through the

Solar radiation is heated directly, wherein by corresponding pipes 52 and 53, the heating medium is required by the solar module 61 to the Speicheremperierplatten 10 and then subsequently in the cycle back to the solar module 61 is guided in the storage tempering 10 heat exchange takes place, so that the solar panel 61 absorbed solar energy at the Speicheremperpenplatten 10 again as heat is given off then occur the same functions and effects as in the

Connection with the electrically heated storage temperature control plate 1 have been described, so that a repeated description is unnecessary. Again, an additional heat buffer memory (not shown) may be provided, which may be correspondingly smaller, since a part of the heat storage takes place in the latent heat storage.

Although the present invention has been clearly described with reference to the attached exemplary embodiments, it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but rather modifications or changes by different combinations of individual features or omission of individual features are possible.

Claims

1. Speicheremperierplatte with a surface heating and / or -kuhlung and a  Phase-change material  marked by  a base plate with a clay- or cement-based board base material. 2. storage tempering according to claim 1,  characterized in that  the latent heat storage is provided homogeneously distributed in the base plate 3. storage tempering according to claim 1 or 2 or the preamble of the claim 1,  characterized in that  the latent word memory is dispersed in the board base material 4. Storage temperature control panel according to one of the preceding addresses,  characterized in that  the surface heating by a carbon fiber foil, a carbon fiber fabric, a  Carbon fiber fleece or Kohlenstofffasergewirk is formed. 5. Storage temperature control panel according to one of the preceding addresses,  characterized in that  the latent heat storage medium has a transformation temperature range of 18 ° to 30 °, in particular 20 ° to 27 °, preferably 21 ° to 26 ° 6. solar heating system for buildings with a solar heating element or a photovoltaic cell and at least one Speicheremperierplatte with a through the  Solar heating element heated surface heating and a latent heat storage. 7. solar heating system according to claim 6,  marked by a storage temperature control panel according to one of the preceding addresses. Solar heating system according to speech 6 or 7, characterized in that the solar heating system comprises a temperature sensor and a control and / or regulation comprises solar heating system according to one of the addresses 6 to 8, characterized in that a shutdown is provided, which controls the heating at a certain Temperature turns off air conditioning of a building with at least one Speicheremperierplatte, in particular according to one of the address 1 to 5, wherein in winter at cold ambient temperatures, a surface heating of Speicheremperierplatte is heated, in particular heated by solar energy, wherein after exceeding a certain room temperature of the  Latent heat storage is charged and at night when the building is cooled, when the heater is not operated, the latent heat storage is discharged while releasing its energy, while in summer the latent heat storage at a certain temperature exceeds the building warm and therefore contributes to the cooling and the Latent hot storage is charged, wherein at night, when the temperatures drop, the latent heat storage is discharged by ventilation or cooling of the building and associated cooling