WO2011002228A9 - Method and device for channel encoding on a wireless communications system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and device for channel encoding on a wireless communications system. In one example of the present invention, the method for channel encoding on a wireless communications system comprises: a first padding bit (pad bit) insertion step involving the determination of the size of a first padding bit for ensuring that the number of bits of encoded data generated by subjecting sent informational data to channel encoding and puncturing is an integer, and involving the insertion of the first padding bit into the informational data; and a second padding bit insertion step involving the determination of the size of a second padding bit for ensuring that the total number of bits in the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission standard unit when symbols generated by modulation of the encoded data are divided by the transmission standard unit and allocated to a transmission resource, and involving the insertion of the second padding bit into the encoded data.

Description

Method and apparatus for channel encoding in wireless communication system

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for channel encoding in a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for inserting pad bits in channel encoding in a wireless communication system.

In general, in a wireless communication system, a channel encoding is performed at a transmitter and a channel decoding is performed at a receiver to correct an error occurring in a data transmission process. Channel encoding is to add redundancy data to data to be sent, that is, information data. Since the encoded data includes information data and redundancy data, when channel encoding is performed, a larger amount of data is sent than the amount to be actually sent, which leads to a decrease in the throughput of the entire system. Thus, in channel encoding, 1: 2, 2: 3,... You can use various code rates (such as the ratio of information data and encoded data) to adjust the transmission to performance ratio.

The encoded data is divided into transmission basic units, interleaved, and transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver in the transmission basic units. The transmission fundamental unit is determined by the modulation order of the constellation transformation of encoded bits and the transmission fundamental capacity of the data. For example, in an OFDM system, assuming that the number of data subcarriers per OFDM symbol, that is, 48 transmission basic units, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM transmission basic units are 48, 96, 192, and 288 bits, respectively. do.

In the data processing of such a transmitter, the size of data encoded by channel encoding should be an integer value, and the total size of encoded data to be transmitted should be a multiple of a transmission basic unit. In order to satisfy this, pad bits are generally used.

Conventional pad bits are inserted at a time before encoding (e.g., before a randomizer or scrambler), taking into account the code rate and the transmission basic unit. However, when the code rate (or channel code rate), modulation order, and transmission basic unit are considered together, the pad bit size can be much larger because each factor must be considered.

In addition, when the pad bit is to be optimized for all elements, the basic unit of data transmission may be limited. For example, in the OFDM system described above, a transmission basic unit that is optimal for all modulation orders from BPSK to 64QAM while satisfying code rates of 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4, 5: 6, and 7: 8 is 24 Can be. This value is eventually the least common multiple of the code rate denominator. Thus, you can determine the transmission base unit in multiples of 24. If the size of the FFT is 64, the optimal transmission basic unit is 48, and the remaining 16 subcarriers are used as guard bands to reduce interference on the pilot or adjacent channels. In this case, even if the size of the pilot or guard band can be reduced, 48 transmission basic units should be used, which in turn reduces resource usage efficiency.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a channel encoding method and apparatus capable of minimizing the size of an entire pad bit irrespective of an associated parameter value of each data processing block of a transmitter.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a channel encoding method and apparatus capable of enabling optimal system design and increasing resource utilization efficiency by removing constraints that may occur when designing a wireless communication system.

The objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects and advantages of the present invention, which are not mentioned above, can be understood by the following description, and more clearly by the embodiments of the present invention. Also, it will be readily appreciated that the objects and advantages of the present invention may be realized by the means and combinations thereof indicated in the claims.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a channel encoding method in a wireless communication system, the method for making the number of bits of encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing of information data to be transmitted become an integer. The size of one pad bit is determined, the first pad bit insertion step of inserting the first pad bit into the information data, and the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data are divided into transmission reference units to transmit resources. And a second pad bit inserting step of determining the size of the second pad bit to cause the total number of bits of encoded data to be a multiple of the transmission reference unit, and inserting the second pad bit into the encoded data. It features one.

In addition, the present invention provides a channel encoding apparatus in a wireless communication system, the size of the first pad bit so that the number of bits of the encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing for the information data to be transmitted is an integer and The total number of bits of the encoded data is transmitted when the first pad bit inserter inserts the first pad bit into the information data and the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data are divided into transmission reference units and allocated to the transmission resource. And a second pad bit inserter for determining the size of the second pad bit to be a multiple of the reference unit and inserting the second pad bit into the encoded data.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a channel encoding method in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: selecting an element for determining a size of a pad bit to be inserted into information data to be transmitted, from among elements constituting the channel encoding, using each selected element And independently determining the size of the pad bits and corresponding to each of the selected elements, independently inserting the pad bits into the information data according to the determined size of the pad bits.

According to the present invention as described above, there is an advantage that the size of the entire pad bit can be minimized irrespective of the associated parameter value of each data processing block of the transmitter.

In addition, according to the present invention, by removing the constraints that can occur when designing a wireless communication system, there is an advantage to enable the optimal system design and increase the resource utilization efficiency.

1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitter for performing conventional channel encoding.

2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a channel encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a channel encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a channel encoding method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The above objects, features, and advantages will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, whereby those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may easily implement the technical idea of the present invention. In describing the present invention, when it is determined that the detailed description of the known technology related to the present invention may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or similar components.

1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitter for performing conventional channel encoding.

Referring to FIG. 1, a pad bit is inserted into information data before performing channel encoding by the channel encoder 106. That is, the information data is first input to the pad bit inserting unit 102, and the pad bit inserting unit 102 inserts the pad bits into the information data. The randomizer 104 or the scrambler 104 randomizes 1 and 0 of the information data to prevent 1 or 0 from appearing consecutively in the bit string of the input information data.

When the transmitter of FIG. 1 uses the OFDM scheme, the number of data bits per symbol N_DBPS may be calculated using the code rate of the channel encoder 106 and the coded bits per symbol N_CBPS. Here, N_CBPS can be referred to as a kind of transmission basic unit. Table 1 shows a result of calculating N_DBPS according to a code rate and a modulation method when the number of usable subcarriers is 48.

Table 1

For example, when using a BPSK modulation scheme and a channel encoder with a 2/3 code rate, the information data N_DBPS that can be carried in one symbol is 32 bits.

According to the prior art, when N_DBPS is determined as shown in Table 1, the number of bits of the entire information data to be transmitted is divided by the calculated N_DBPS, and pad bits are added to the last block so that the number of bits of the last block not divided by an integer equals N_DBPS. Insert it. For example, when the number of bits of information data to be transmitted is 100 bits, 4 bits are padded when using a 16QAM modulation scheme and a channel encoder having a 1/2 code rate.

In some cases, however, this can be a problem. Table 2 shows the result of calculating N_DBPS when the number of usable subcarriers is 98.

TABLE 2

Referring to Table 2, N_DBPS is not an integer value when using some modulation schemes and code rates. In this case, when using a modulation scheme and a code rate where N_DBPS is not an integer value, a problem occurs that the pad bit is also not an integer value.

In order to solve the problem in Table 2, the denominator of the code rate in question is multiplied by the transmission reference unit N_CBPS. The calculated N_DBPS is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

When determining the N_DBPS as shown in Table 3, it is possible to solve the problem shown in Table 2, that is, the problem that some N_DBPS and the corresponding pad bit number is not an integer. However, in this case, as the size of N_DBPS increases, the size of the pad bit also increases.

In the prior art described with reference to FIGS. 1 and Tables 1, 2, and 3, a pad bit is determined in consideration of a specific parameter of each block during data processing of a transmitter. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the size of the pad bit is too large by some parameters. In other words, the value of a specific parameter should be limited in order to reduce the size of the pad bit. For example, when using the transmission basic unit of 48 as shown in Table 1, a problem occurs when using the transmission basic unit of 98 as shown in Table 2. In this case, if the transmission basic unit of 96 instead of 98 can solve the problem shown in Table 2, there is a disadvantage that the resource utilization efficiency or spectral efficiency is reduced.

The present invention solves this problem, and selects a block having an element that determines the pad bit size of each block that processes the data in the transmitter, obtains the optimum pad bit size and insert it before or after the block. For example, when there are processing blocks a, b, and c of the transmitter, a function relating to a parameter for determining pad bits is called g (). If f () is a function for obtaining the size of the pad bit from each parameter, the size of the pad bit is determined by considering all the factors at once as follows.

f (g (a), g (b), g (c))

However, in order to solve the problem caused by considering all the factors at once, the present invention determines the size of the pad bit independently for each element as follows.

f (g (a)) + f (g (b)) + f (g (c))

In this way, if the pad bit size is determined by considering each element independently, it is possible to design an independent block without considering the relationship between each block in the system design, thereby achieving a specific purpose such as increasing spectrum utilization efficiency. It is possible to design the optimal system.

Hereinafter, the channel encoding method and apparatus according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments.

2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a channel encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, the channel encoding apparatus 202 includes a first pad bit inserter 204 and a second pad bit inserter 206.

The first pad bit inserter 204 determines the size of the first pad bit so that the number of bits of the encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing for the information data to be transmitted is an integer, and the determined The first pad bit having the size of the pad bit is inserted into the information data. In one embodiment of the present invention, the information data is randomized by the randomizer and then passed through a channel encoding unit and a puncturing unit, wherein the first pad bit inserter 204 is encoded after channel encoding and puncturing. The size of the first pad bit is determined so that the number of bits of the data is an integer. Then, before the information data is input to the channel encoding unit and the puncturing unit, the first pad bit having the determined size of the first pad bit is inserted into the information data.

The second pad bit inserter 206 divides the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data into transmission reference units and allocates them to transmission resources so that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit. Determine the size of the 2 pad bits and insert the second pad bits into the encoded data. In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoded data outputted through the channel encoding section and the puncturing section is then input to the modulator and converted into symbols (constellation points). The converted symbols are divided into transmission reference units by the allocator and allocated to transmission resources. In this case, the total number of bits of the encoded data is preferably a multiple of the transmission reference unit. Accordingly, the second pad bit inserter 206 determines the size of the second pad bit so that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit, and encodes the second pad bit before the encoded data is input to the modulator. To inserted data.

Although not shown in FIG. 2, the channel encoding apparatus 202 may further include a channel encoding unit, a puncturing unit, a bit interleaving unit, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 2, the channel encoding apparatus according to the present invention selects an element for determining a size of a pad bit to be inserted into information data to be transmitted, among elements constituting a channel encoding of a transmitter, and selects each selected element. To independently determine the size of the pad bit. Accordingly, an independent design is possible for each system element, and as in the prior art, the size of the pad bit is smaller than when all elements are considered at once.

3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the information data to be transmitted is input to the randomizer 302, randomized, and channel encoded by the channel encoder 304. The encoded data output from the channel encoder 304 is input to the modulator and converted into symbols. The converted symbols are divided into transmission reference units by the allocator 308 and allocated to transmission resources.

Meanwhile, the channel encoder 304 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a first pad bit inserter 310, a channel encoder 312, a puncturing unit 314, a second pad bit inserter 316, And a bit interleaving unit 318.

The first pad bit inserter 310 inserts the first pad bit into the information data output from the randomizer 302. In this case, the first pad bit inserter 310 determines the size of the first pad bit in consideration of the channel encoder 312 and the puncturing unit 314. That is, the first pad bit inserter 310 determines the size of the first pad bit so that the number of bits of encoded data output from the puncturing unit 314 via the channel encoder 312 becomes an integer, and determines the size of the first pad bit. As a result, the first pad bit is inserted into the information data.

The encoded data output from the puncturing unit 314 is input to the second pad bit inserting unit 316. The second pad bit inserter 316 determines the size of the second pad bit in consideration of the modulator 360 and the allocator 308. That is, when the symbols converted by the modulator 306 are allocated by the allocator 308, the second pad bit inserter 316 may determine the total number of bits of the encoded data included in the converted symbols in the transmission reference unit. The size of the second pad bit is determined to be a multiple, and the second pad bit is inserted into the encoded data according to the determined size. In this way, when the size of the second pad bit is determined, the bit interleaving unit 318 may also operate using the transmission reference unit.

Hereinafter, a process of obtaining the sizes of the first pad bit and the second pad bit by the first pad bit inserter 310 and the second pad bit inserter 316 will be described in more detail.

First, the size of the first pad bit is determined such that the number of bits N_Data of the information data is a multiple of the molecular value V_NCR of the code rate of the channel encoding unit 312. At this time, the maximum size of the first pad bit is 1 smaller than the molecular value of the largest code rate. For example, in the case of Table 1, the maximum size of the first pad bit will be 4, which is 1 less than 5, which is the molecular value of 5/6. Therefore, even after the randomization by the randomizer 302 is performed, even if the first pad bit is inserted, there is a low possibility that a problem due to the existence of 1s or 0s in succession occurs. An equation for obtaining the size N_FPAD of the first pad bit may be expressed as in Equation 1.

[Revision 12.08.2010 under Rule 91]
Equation 1

Here, N_INCC represents the size of the information data so that the encoded data with respect to the molecular value of each code rate can have an integer value, and V_NCR represents the molecular value of the code rate. Ceil [] returns a minimum integer value that is larger than the value in []. T_Bit represents the size of a tail bit when the channel encoder 304 uses convolutional coding (CC), and is defined as the number of shift registers of the channel encoder 304. And N_Data represents the number of bits of the information data.

On the other hand, the size of the second pad bit is determined such that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission basic unit (N_CBPS). The equation for obtaining the size N_SPAD of the second pad bit may be expressed as in Equation 2.

[Revision 12.08.2010 under Rule 91]
Equation 2

Here, N_CCEB represents the size of the encoded data output to the puncturing unit 314. Since N_INCC defined in Equation 1 is an integer, N_CCEB also has an integer value. N_SYM represents the number of OFDM symbols to be transmitted, and has a minimum integer value greater than the value obtained by dividing the encoded data by transmission basic units (N_CBPS).

Since the second pad bit determined as described above is inserted simply for the purpose of satisfying the transmission basic unit, the second pad bit need not be considered when receiving and demodulating data at the receiver. That is, in the receiver, since the received data from which the second pad bit is removed is input to the channel decoder, the second pad bit may have any value of 1 or 0, so that it does not matter. This means that the second pad bit does not need to be randomized by the randomizer.

However, there may occur a case in which the second pad bit makes up most of the transmission basic unit. In this case, if the second pad bit includes the same bit, there is a problem in that a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) may increase. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, one of the following four methods may be selected to insert the second pad bit.

1) Insert 1 and 0 sequentially (when there is a bit interleaving part after the second pad bit insert part)

2) randomly inserts 1 and 0

3) Insertion using pseudo random bits sequence (PRBS) that satisfies the maximum size of the second pad bit

4) Insert data for other specific purposes

4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The operation of channel encoder 404 shown in FIG. 4 is similar to the operation of channel encoder 304 of FIG. 3 described above. However, the channel encoder 404 includes a contiguous channel encoder 412 instead of the channel encoder 312. As described above, even when contiguous channel coding is used, the first pad bit may be inserted by the first pad bit inserter 410 before the contiguous channel coding.

5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The channel encoder 504 according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a channel outer encoding unit 510 that performs channel outer encoding and a channel inner encoding unit that performs channel inner encoding. 514). In this case, after the out-channel encoding of the information data is performed, the first pad bit may be inserted by the first pad bit inserting unit 512 before the in-channel encoding is performed.

6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The operation of the channel encoder 604 according to another embodiment of the present invention is similar to the channel encoder 504 of FIG. However, the channel encoder 604 further includes an interleaving unit 612 for performing interleaving after performing the out of channel encoding by the out of channel encoding unit 610.

7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a transmitter including a channel encoder according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The operation of the channel encoder 704 according to another embodiment of the present invention is similar to the channel encoder 604 of FIG. However, the interleaving unit 714 included in the channel encoder 704 is located behind the first pad bit inserting unit 714.

Hereinafter, based on the above-described embodiment, an embodiment of obtaining the size of the first pad bit and the second pad bit when using the channel outward encoding and the channel inward encoding as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 will be described.

In this embodiment, the following conditions are assumed.

1) The transmitter of the present embodiment is an OFDM system using 128FFT and transmits information data using 98 subcarriers.

2) The channel external encoder of the present embodiment is a Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder, and inserts 5 × 2 = 10 bytes of parity bytes or redundancy bytes into 245 bytes of information data. Output the encoded data.

3) The channel internal encoder of the present embodiment is a CC (Convolution ecCoder) using tail bits.

When 1000 bytes of information data are to be transmitted under the above conditions, the information data is first input to an RS encoder which is a channel external encoder, and the RS encoder outputs 8400 bits of data. Then, the first pad bit must be inserted before performing intra channel encoding and puncturing.

Table 4 shows the number of bits of data encoded by CC which is an internal channel encoder according to the code rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 5/6 of the CC.

Table 4

In Table 4, the number of bits of data encoded without the pad bits represents the expected number of bits of encoded data after performing in-channel encoding and puncturing after adding 6 bits of tail bits to 8400 bits. Referring to Table 4, it can be seen that when the code rate is 5/6, the number of bits becomes a non-integer number. Therefore, in this case, if the channel internal encoding and puncturing is performed after inserting the first pad bit of 4 bits, the number of bits of the encoded data becomes an integer of 10092.

After inserting the first pad bit as shown in Table 4 and performing channel internal encoding and puncturing, the second pad bit is inserted into the output encoded data. Assuming that 98 data subcarriers are used, the size of the second pad bit according to the modulation scheme and the code rate is shown in Table 5.

Table 5

For example, when the code rate is 1/2, the number of bits of encoded data that have undergone in-channel encoding and puncturing is 16812. If it is assumed that QPSK is used, at least 86 transmission basic units (OFDM symbols) are required, and the total bits of transmitted data are 86x196 = 16859 bits. Therefore, as shown in Table 5, a 44-bit second pad bit is required.

As described above, according to the present invention, the size of the pad bit inserted in channel encoding is reduced compared to the conventional method. In addition, the system design does not have to consider the correlation between the parameters of each block, and the constraints can be separated to make the system design easier. For example, in the case of using an OFDM system of 128 FFT as in the above embodiment, redundancy data can be minimized only by using 96 data subcarriers according to the conventional method, but according to the present invention, various values such as 97, 98, and 101 may be used. Even using data subcarriers, redundancy data can be minimized.

8 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a channel encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, among the elements constituting the channel encoding, an element for determining the size of the pad bit to be inserted into the information data to be transmitted is selected (S802). Then, the size of the pad bit is independently determined using each selected element (S804). In step S804, the size of the pad bit may be determined such that the number of bits of encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing is an integer. In addition, when the symbols generated by the modulation of the encoded data are divided into transmission reference units and allocated to transmission resources, the size of the pad bits may be determined such that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit. Thereafter, in a step corresponding to each of the selected elements, the pad bits are independently inserted into the information data according to the determined size of the pad bits (S806).

9 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a channel encoding method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

First, the size of the first pad bit is determined so that the number of bits of the encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing for the information data to be transmitted becomes an integer (S902). Then, the first pad bit is inserted into the information data according to the determined size (S904).

Then, when dividing the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data into transmission reference units and assigning them to transmission resources, determining the size of the second pad bit so that the total number of bits of encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit. (S906). In operation S908, the second pad bit is inserted into the encoded data according to the determined size.

The present invention as described above is capable of various substitutions, modifications, and changes without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention for those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is not limited by.

Claims (11)

In the channel encoding method in a wireless communication system, Determine a size of a first pad bit such that the number of bits of encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing the information data to be transmitted is an integer, and converting the first pad bit into the first pad bit; Inserting a first pad bit into the information data; And When dividing the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data into transmission reference units and allocating them to transmission resources, determining the size of the second pad bit so that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit. And inserting a second pad bit into the encoded data. Channel encoding method that includes. [Revision 12.08.2010 under Rule 91]
The channel encoding method of claim 1, wherein the size of the first pad bit is determined by the following equation.

[Revision 12.08.2010 under Rule 91]
The channel encoding method of claim 1, wherein the size of the second pad bit is determined by the following equation.

The method of claim 1, The second pad bit is And a sequential bit sequence of ones and zeros, a random bit sequence of ones and zeros, a pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) that satisfies the maximum size of the second pad bit, or a bit sequence for a particular purpose. In the channel encoding apparatus in a wireless communication system, A first pad bit determining a size of a first pad bit such that the number of bits of encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing for the information data to be transmitted is an integer, and inserting the first pad bit into the information data A pad bit insert; And When dividing the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data into transmission reference units and allocating them to transmission resources, determining the size of the second pad bit so that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit. And a second pad bit inserter for inserting the second pad bit into the encoded data. Channel encoding device comprising. [Revision 12.08.2010 under Rule 91]
6. The channel encoding apparatus of claim 5, wherein the size of the first pad bit is determined by the following equation.

[Revision 12.08.2010 under Rule 91]
6. The channel encoding apparatus of claim 5, wherein the size of the second pad bit is determined by the following equation.

The method of claim 5, The second pad bit is And a sequential bit sequence of ones and zeros, a random bit sequence of ones and zeros, a PRBS that satisfies the maximum size of the second pad bit, or a bit sequence for a particular purpose. In the channel encoding method in a wireless communication system, Selecting an element for determining a size of a pad bit to be inserted into information data to be transmitted, among the elements constituting the channel encoding; Independently determining the size of the pad bit using each of the selected elements; And In the step corresponding to each of the selected elements, independently inserting the pad bits into the information data according to the determined size of the pad bits. Channel encoding method that includes. The method of claim 9, Independently determining the size of the pad bit Determining the size of the pad bit such that the number of bits of encoded data generated by channel encoding and puncturing is an integer. The method of claim 10, Independently determining the size of the pad bit When the symbols generated by the modulation on the encoded data are divided into transmission reference units and allocated to transmission resources, determining the size of the pad bits so that the total number of bits of the encoded data is a multiple of the transmission reference unit. Channel encoding method further comprising.

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