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WO2011072160A2 - Procédé et système de communication inter-nœud - Google Patents

Procédé et système de communication inter-nœud Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011072160A2
WO2011072160A2 PCT/US2010/059758 US2010059758W WO2011072160A2 WO 2011072160 A2 WO2011072160 A2 WO 2011072160A2 US 2010059758 W US2010059758 W US 2010059758W WO 2011072160 A2 WO2011072160 A2 WO 2011072160A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
nodes
directional antennas
wind turbine
identified
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2010/059758
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2011072160A3 (fr
Inventor
Samir Ranjan Das
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Research Foundation of the State University of New York
Original Assignee
Research Foundation of the State University of New York
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Research Foundation of the State University of New York filed Critical Research Foundation of the State University of New York
Publication of WO2011072160A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011072160A2/fr
Publication of WO2011072160A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011072160A3/fr
Priority to US13/492,352 priority Critical patent/US8989090B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US14/614,017 priority patent/US20150146591A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H04W40/06—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on characteristics of available antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/18—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on predicted events

Definitions

  • the disclosed method relates generally to wireless network communication techniques and, in particular, to a method and system for network-wide broadcast via hopping between nodes equipped with directional antennas, with rebroadcast restricted based on node location and yawing position.
  • Each turbine typically has a nacelle located at an upper portion thereof, onto which turbine blades are rotatably connected.
  • Each nacelle of each wind turbine in the wind farm will yaw about a vertical axis, to position the nacelle and turbine blades into the wind for maximum power production.
  • Wireless communication protocols are well known. Conventional protocols include a random access protocol, such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
  • a multi-hop wireless routing is needed when source and destination nodes are not connected by a direct link. Multi-hop routing is typically achieved by relaying packets over multiple links, i.e. hops that involve intermediate nodes. Such routing can be unicast or broadcast.
  • a source node sends the packet to a specific destination node located one or more hops away.
  • a routing protocol at the network layer determines a next hop node to forward the packet via a link layer transmission.
  • a source node For broadcast routing, a source node sends the packet to all nodes in the network.
  • Broadcast routing is typically used to distribute network wide control or management information, as described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Omni-directional antennas are typically used to facilitate flooding since all neighboring nodes will receive the packet using a single link layer broadcast and will relay the packet by link layer broadcast.
  • a source node broadcasts a packet via a single link layer broadcast. Any other node, upon receiving a packet for the first time, rebroadcasts the packet via a single link layer broadcast.
  • a duplicate i.e.
  • a unique signature is typically provided in a packet header.
  • the originating or source node inserts the signature in the packet header.
  • every node in a network having 'N' number of nodes will transmit via a broadcast transmission at the link layer each unique packet only once, resulting in N number of transmissions of each packet.
  • na ' ive flooding is inefficient since nodes having links that are linked to more than one other node will receive the same packet more than once. Accordingly, to improve network efficiency and to reduce packet loss due to packet collisions in a shared wireless channel, there is a need to achieve network- wide broadcast utilizing less than N packet transmissions.
  • directional antennas instead of omni-directional antennas.
  • wireless communication is restricted to a sector for reasons that include reduction of interference and providing longer transmission range.
  • conventional use of directional antennas fails to account for yawing of the wind turbine and also fails to provide a method to reduce congestion of a shared transmission channel.
  • a multi-node wireless network that includes a plurality of nodes having an established geographic position, within which multi-hop routing is performed between the nodes, each node including at least two directional antennas for transmitting and receiving signals in respective first and second sectors emanating from each node. Routing information is stored of aligned sectors of adjacent nodes, with yaw of a node beyond a threshold amount identifying a change of alignment of adjacent node sectors, with revised routing information then being calculated and transmitted.
  • a system for wireless data transmission in a wind farm is provided, with each wind turbine having at least two directional antennas mounted thereon, and each directional antenna focused in different sectors emanating from each respective node.
  • Routing information is provided to identify alignment of directional antennas of adjacent nodes and a data packet that is transmitted by one node is wirelessly rebroadcast by nodes adjacent to each other node utilizing directional antennas specified by the routing information.
  • turbine yaw exceeds a threshold amount
  • revised routing information is calculated and transmitted to each node. Rebroadcast of subsequent data packets is then performed by directional antennas identified by the revised routing information.
  • wireless data transmission is performed on a wind farm by mapping geographical positions of each node in the wind farm, with each node corresponding to a wind turbine having two or more directional antennas mounted thereon, and each directional antenna focused on a different sector emanating from the node. Mapped positions are stored in a database and each node is provided with a preferred link transmission table that identifies aligned directional antennas of adjacent nodes. When the yaw of any wind turbine is determined to exceed a threshold yaw amount, a revised preferred link transmission table is calculated based on the determined yaw, and the calculated revised preferred link transmission table is transmitted to each node so that packet retransmission, i.e. rebroadcast, is performed by directional antennas identified in the revised preferred link transmission table.
  • the directional antennas are mounted on a nacelle of the wind turbine and different sectors do not overlap.
  • a network in which a plurality of nodes each have a plurality of directional antennas fixed thereon, and each directional antenna is focused in a different sector emanating from a node on which the antenna is mounted. Routing information is provided to identify aligned sectors of adjacent nodes. Changed alignment of adjacent sectors is identified when rotation of a node exceeds a threshold amount, with revised routing information then being provided for data packet rebroadcast between adjacent nodes utilizing directional antennas identified by the revised routing information.
  • Figs. 1 A and IB depict a wind farm having four nodes, showing varied packet
  • FIG. 2 is flowchart of a method of the disclosed method.
  • Figs. 1A and IB provide a simplified plan view of a four node network, i.e. Nodes
  • each of Nodes A through D includes a three (3) sector directional antenna, for transmission and reception of respective sectors, e.g. sectors A-l , A-2, A-3, emanating from each node.
  • Each node may further include a computer embedded within a nacelle of a wind turbine.
  • Node D is positioned beyond transmission range of Node A, with Node D relying on rebroadcast via Node B and/or Node C, as described below.
  • Fig. 1 A shows Nodes A through D in first yaw positions.
  • Fig. IB shows Nodes B, C and D each in the first yaw position but with Node A having moved to a second yaw position that is more than a threshold amount, which in a preferred
  • embodiment is a rotation angle greater than five degrees (5°) but will vary depending on empirical values obtained during network training, relative node positions and transmission characteristics.
  • the threshold amount is preferably reduced as the number of antennas and sectors for a node is increased.
  • transmission from Node A is performed based on routing information stored in a memory, i.e. preferred link transmissions, which can be stored and calculated in a central location. Updated routing information is provided to the nodes upon detection of node yaw beyond a threshold amount. In wind farm and similar applications it is recognized that yaw movement is often controlled and typically does not occur at a rapid pace, reducing the number of database updates provided to the nodes.
  • the provided preferred link broadcast i.e. routing information
  • routing information is computed such that the total number of transmissions is reduced while ensuring that transmission is made to all nodes in the network, effectively eliminating redundant transmissions.
  • a central controller node is responsible for computing and updating this database. This controller receives updated yaw angles from the nodes upon detection of yaw beyond the specified threshold amount.
  • a system for data transmission via a multi- node wireless network that is provided in a geographic area 100 having more than two nodes, as shown in Figs. 1A and IB.
  • Each node is stationary, having a set geographic position stored in a list, database or memory, preferably in values of latitude and longitude.
  • the data transmission is typically in a data packet format for wireless
  • rebroadcast occurs over preferred link transmissions of certain adjacent nodes, thereby reducing redundant transmissions.
  • a plurality of antennas is affixed to each node, typically by fixing the antennas to a nacelle that rotates about a vertical axis, i.e. that yaws.
  • Each node while being fixed in a geographic location, includes a component that rotates about the vertical axis, with such rotation typically being of a nacelle occurring independent of rotation of nacelles of other nodes.
  • each node is associated with a nacelle of a wind turbine, and the geographic area refers to a wind farm.
  • Each node includes a minimum of two directional antennas, e.g. 11 1-1 , 11 1-2, that each performs transmit/receive function of data packets for that node.
  • the data packets are transmitted throughout the network via hopping between adjacent nodes.
  • the directional antennas 1 1 1-1, 1 11-2 are positioned to cover different sectors, each emanating from and providing radio frequency coverage around each node, preferably with sectors that do not overlap.
  • the database that stores node position information also communicates to each node preferred link transmissions of aligned sectors of adjacent nodes.
  • a compass or similar detector is included to detect a degree of yaw of the nacelle relative to the tower on which the nacelle is rotatably mounted.
  • a changed alignment is identified and an identification of revised preferred link transmissions is provided to each node in the geographic area 100, with such detection being made either at the node or by a central controller.
  • the data packet is re-transmitted to one or more specifically identified antennas of each transmitting node.
  • Node A acting as an originating source for network-wide broadcast of a message (O), transmits the data packet in second and third sectors via directional second and third antennas (11 1-2, 11 1-3), which is received by Nodes B and C.
  • routing information for messages originating from source Node A is set forth in Table 1.
  • Fig. IB shows Node A having rotated to the second yaw position.
  • the revised routing information for messages originating from source Node A is set forth in Table 2.
  • Fig. 1 A the network message is propagated to all nodes in three transmissions.
  • Fig. IB the network message is propagated to all nodes in two transmissions.
  • conventional, naive flooding broadcast protocol propagates the message in twelve (4x3) transmissions, since each antenna on each node must transmit once. Accordingly, channel congestion is reduced, particularly for networks having four or more nodes.
  • the nodes can also be configured with two or more sectors emanating from each node.
  • the antennas identified by the routing information will transmit on sectors corresponding to known coordinate values of adjacent nodes.
  • the message packet will typically include in a header thereof an identifier of the originator node (Node A). Based on the known positions of each node in the network, Node D will recognize that no further rebroadcast is needed.
  • geographical positions of each node corresponding to a turbine in the wind farm are mapped, and the mapped positions are stored in a list or memory of a database.
  • At least two directional antennas are mounted on each turbine and each directional antenna is focused on a different sector emanating from the node.
  • a predetermined preferred link transmission table that identifies directional antennas aligned with an adjacent node is provided to each node. The yaw of each turbine is determined. When yaw of the turbines is within the threshold amount, data packets are wirelessly communicated between adjacent nodes using directional antennas identified in the preferred link transmission table. When the yaw of any turbine is determined to exceed the threshold amount, a revised preferred link transmission table is calculated based on the determined yaw, and the revised preferred link transmission table is transmitted for use by each node. Thereafter, subsequent data packet transmission is only performed by those directional antennas identified in the revised predetermined preferred link transmission table.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart depicting an operation of a preferred embodiment.
  • the system is in a quiescent state, waiting for timer expiry or receipt of a signal indicating that one or more nodes have experienced yaw in excess of the threshold amount set for that respective node of the network.
  • step 203 If in step 203 it is determined that an excessive yaw has not been received or
  • step 205 a determination is made of whether the timer has expired in step 205. If in step 205 it is determined that the timer has not expired, the system returns to the quiescent state of step 201.
  • a controller preferably centrally located, that manages the database sends a heartbeat message to the nodes.
  • each node Upon receipt of the heartbeat message, each node responds to the controller by providing a current yaw position, which the controller compares to maintained prior positions to confirm accuracy of the preferred link identifications previously provided to the nodes.
  • the node if a node does not receive the heartbeat message within one or more timer intervals, the node will default to a conventional transmission protocol and retransmit any received data packets via transmit antennas, rather than only the antenna(s) identified by the preferred link identifications, thereby operating in a failsafe mode.
  • step 203 If in step 203 it is determined that an excessive yaw has been received, a
  • step 209 recalculation is performed in step 209 based on the new yaw angle that is in excess of the threshold amount, with the calculation utilizing database information including the position of each node, and the previously reported yaw angles of nodes not reported to have exceeded their respective threshold amount.
  • step 211 the recalculated information is transmitted to the nodes as revised

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de transmission de données comprenant un réseau sans fil à nœuds multiples dans une zone géographique dans laquelle une pluralité de nœuds sont positionnés, comprenant une pluralité d'antennes directives fixées à des nœuds respectifs de la pluralité de nœuds, chaque nœud comprenant au moins deux antennes directives pour émettre et recevoir dans des secteurs respectifs émanant de chaque nœud respectif. Lorsque le lacet d'un nœud dépasse une quantité seuil, des informations de routage révisées sont fournies afin d'identifier des antennes directives préférées destinées à être utilisées dans de futures transmissions de liaison.
PCT/US2010/059758 2009-12-09 2010-12-09 Procédé et système de communication inter-nœud Ceased WO2011072160A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/492,352 US8989090B2 (en) 2009-12-09 2012-06-08 Inter-node communication method and system
US14/614,017 US20150146591A1 (en) 2009-12-09 2015-02-04 Inter-node communication system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28506909P 2009-12-09 2009-12-09
US61/285,069 2009-12-09

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/492,352 Continuation-In-Part US8989090B2 (en) 2009-12-09 2012-06-08 Inter-node communication method and system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011072160A2 true WO2011072160A2 (fr) 2011-06-16
WO2011072160A3 WO2011072160A3 (fr) 2011-10-27

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Cited By (1)

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WO2013101958A3 (fr) * 2011-12-30 2013-08-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de contrôle de l'état d'une éolienne sans fil résistante

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CN106211174B (zh) * 2016-06-29 2019-11-22 上海华为技术有限公司 一种天线系统以及天线系统调整方法
CN115669173B (zh) * 2020-10-14 2025-11-25 中兴通讯股份有限公司 用于无线通信的方法、设备和计算机程序产品
CN115288946A (zh) * 2022-07-12 2022-11-04 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 一种风电机组偏航频繁检测方法
CN118653962B (zh) * 2024-08-21 2024-10-25 东方电气风电股份有限公司 一种适用国产化风机主控的网络流量管控方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8989090B2 (en) 2015-03-24
US20150146591A1 (en) 2015-05-28
US20120307728A1 (en) 2012-12-06
WO2011072160A3 (fr) 2011-10-27

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