WO2011070624A1 - Method of organic-waste modification accompanied by generation of high-concentration hydrogen gas and device for modifying organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of an organic-waste modification accompanied by the generation of high-concentration hydrogen gas and a device for modifying organic waste, the device rendering the modification method possible. The method of an organic-waste modification is characterized by comprising a reaction initiation step in which organic waste is fed to a modification vessel and a modification is initiated with a reaction initiator in some of the organic waste, a reaction expansion step in which the reaction is expanded by passing air through the modification vessel by means of a gas introduction pipe and by supplying water for conducting a combustion reaction therewith, and a steady-reaction step in which the size of a combustion core is maintained to thereby steadily perform the modification. The method is further characterized by being accompanied by the generation of high-concentration hydrogen gas.

Description

Method and apparatus for reforming organic waste with generation of high concentration hydrogen gas

The present invention provides a method of reforming organic waste accompanied by generation of high concentration hydrogen gas, and an apparatus for reforming organic waste for realizing the method of reforming the waste.

Conventionally, as a general disposal method for biomass waste such as plants, grains, raw garbage, agricultural crops, waste materials, etc. and chemical waste such as plastics, a treatment method for incinerating combustibles in incineration facilities has spread doing. However, this treatment method emits soot containing a large amount of carbon dioxide and harmful substances, which causes air pollution and global warming, and also requires a large amount of fuel for incineration and energy consumption etc. Causing environmental problems. On the other hand, it is self-evident that these organic wastes contain a large amount of energy, and by making effective use of them, they make a great contribution to global environmental protection.

In recent years, research on high-efficiency energy conversion of biomass has attracted attention, and steam reforming is used to recover hydrogen gas as clean energy. Steam reforming is a method of anaerobically reacting hydrocarbons with high temperature steam at around 1000 ° C. to convert them into hydrogen gas, methane, carbon monoxide and other low molecular weight gases. A typical example is steam reforming of methane, which is extremely important industrially as the only method for mass production of hydrogen gas with high demand for fuel cell and ammonia production by the Harbor Bosch method ( Below).
(1): CH ₄ + H ₂ O → CO + 3H ₂
(2): CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂
(1) + (2): CH ₄ + 2H ₂ O → CO ₂ + 4H ₂
On the other hand, problems with this method include the use of methane as a raw material, the large consumption of fossil fuel for generating ultra-high temperature steam, and the need for an expensive catalyst such as platinum. Various organic waste reforming methods have been proposed to solve these problems.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a gasification and reforming method of waste that gasifies waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste and recovers the resulting gas as a gas for fuel and the like.

Further, Patent Document 2 proposes a method for treating waste and a method and apparatus for recovering pyrolysis gas, in order to obtain new energy by effectively using industrial waste and general waste.

Further, Patent Document 3 is capable of quickly and sufficiently reforming hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and light oil even at relatively low temperature conditions of 400 ° C. or less, and has a small amount of carbon monoxide and methane by-products, and is compact without receiving nitrogen dilution. Disclosed are a fuel reforming system and a hydrogen rich gas producing method.

JP, 2006-188574, A JP-A-11-290810 JP 2004-281227 A

However, in Patent Document 1, wastes such as urban waste and industrial waste accumulated in pits are compressed with a press before hydrogen recovery, and heated to reflux in the drying and pyrolysis step, and as high as 1200 ° C. In the process of reforming at the same time, it is necessary to go through complicated processes while consuming a large amount of energy.

Further, Patent Document 2 requires a large amount of energy, such as partially burning a part of the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more, in order to convert waste into energy. In addition, in order to raise the temperature of the pyrolysis gas to 1000 ° C. or more, the heat-resistant structuring of the reforming furnace becomes indispensable, which causes a problem that the cost of the apparatus itself is increased.

Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, it is not easy to deploy a fuel reforming system for a fuel cell, the cost for providing a necessary material such as a reforming catalyst, supercritical water or subcritical water, and system operation time Energy consumption and other problems.

The present invention has an object to solve the above-mentioned problems, and relates to a technology for taking out the energy contained in organic waste by a simple method and converting it into a highly useful form such as hydrogen gas. The reforming reaction according to the present invention requires only external water supply, and high temperature steam as high as 1000 ° C. and an expensive precious metal catalyst are unnecessary. Furthermore, it is possible to modify organic waste in a very environmentally friendly manner without the use of external energy. The present invention provides a method of reforming organic waste without using external energy, and an organic waste reforming apparatus for realizing the reforming method. In addition, high concentration hydrogen gas generated by reforming organic waste can be recovered and used.

The method for reforming organic waste according to claim 1 is
A reaction initiation step of feeding organic waste into a reforming vessel and initiating reforming of a portion of the organic waste using a reaction initiator;
A reaction expansion step of expanding the reaction by aeration into the reforming container with a gas introduction pipe and water supply for performing a combustion reaction with water;
A steady-state reaction step in which reforming is performed in a steady manner by maintaining the size of combustion nuclei;
And is accompanied by the generation of high concentration hydrogen gas.

The method for reforming organic waste according to claim 2, wherein the reaction initiation step according to claim 1 uses a small amount of carbide and water as the reaction initiator to ignite a portion of the organic waste. And a step of

In the method for reforming organic waste according to claim 3, aeration into the reforming container in the reaction expansion step according to claim 1 or 2 is the introduction of outside air into the reforming container by the gas introducing pipe. It is characterized by adjusting.

In the method for reforming organic waste according to claim 4, the water supply in the reaction expansion step according to claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that water is continuously replenished from the outside by a water supply means.

In the method for reforming organic waste according to claim 5, the maintenance of the size of the combustion nuclei in the reaction steady process according to claims 1 to 4 is the gas based on temperature detection using a temperature sensor. It is characterized in that it is performed by aeration into the reforming container by the introduction pipe and adjusting the water supply into the reforming container.

The apparatus for reforming organic waste according to claim 6 is
Means for supplying organic waste,
A reforming vessel for reforming organic waste supplied from the supply means;
A temperature sensor for grasping the temperature condition during combustion of organic waste,
A gas introduction pipe for ventilating the inside of the reforming container, a water supply means for replenishing water for reforming, and
An exhausting means for discharging the reformed reforming residue to the outside;
Exhaust gas processing means for processing the gas discharged from the reforming container;
And is accompanied by the generation of high concentration hydrogen gas.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the method for reforming organic waste of the present invention, reforming can be continuously performed without using external energy in the reaction steady process. Further, the gas generated by the reforming contains high concentration hydrogen, which can be recovered and used as hydrogen gas.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the reaction initiation step includes the step of igniting part of the organic waste using a small amount of carbide and water as the reaction initiator. Reforming can be initiated with minimal energy.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the reaction expansion step, aeration into the reforming container is characterized by adjusting the introduction of the outside air into the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe, so that in the reforming, It can be carried out extremely easily without stopping the continuous reaction.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 4, since the water supply in the reaction expansion step is characterized by continuously replenishing water from the outside by the water supply means, without using external energy such as a combustion agent, It can be reformed.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 5, the maintenance of the size of the combustion nucleus in the reaction steady process is based on the temperature detection using the temperature sensor, the aeration into the reforming container by the gas introducing pipe, and Since the adjustment is performed by adjusting the water supply into the reforming container, it is possible to accurately sense and maintain the change in size of the combustion core.

Further, the apparatus for reforming organic waste according to the present invention can maintain a sealed state in the reforming process and has exhaust gas treatment means, so that odor and other harmful gases do not leak to the outside. There is an advantage that a large amount of organic waste can be reformed by simple equipment. Furthermore, depending on the type of organic waste, it is possible to use the generated reforming residue, ie, ash, as a fertilizer, so that it is possible to use an extremely environmentally friendly organic waste reforming method and organic waste reforming method. An apparatus can be provided.

It is a flowchart of an organic waste reforming process. It is the schematic of the apparatus for organic waste reforming. It is an external view of the apparatus for organic waste reformation. It is sectional drawing of a reforming container explaining a temperature sensor and a combustion nucleus. It is a sectional view of a reforming container explaining a gas introduction pipe. It is a sectional view of a reforming container explaining an outlet. It is explanatory drawing of the chemical reaction formula of the combustion reaction by water. It is a graph which shows the amount of hydrogen in the gaseous phase in Experimental example 2. It is a graph which shows the amount of carbon monoxide in a gaseous phase in Experimental example 2. It is a graph which shows the amount of carbon dioxide in a gaseous phase in example 2 of an experiment. It is a graph which shows the amount of oxygen in a gaseous phase in Experimental example 2. It is a graph which shows the amount of nitrogen in a gaseous phase in Experimental example 2. It is a graph which shows the amount of hydrogen in the gaseous phase in Experimental example 3. It is a graph which shows the amount of hydrogen in the gaseous phase in Experimental example 4.

The method for reforming organic waste of the present invention will be described. The reforming process is divided into three stages. That is, a reaction start step of supplying organic waste into the reforming container and starting reforming in a part of the organic waste using the reaction initiator, aeration into the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe, The reaction expansion step is a reaction expansion step in which the reaction is expanded by water supply for carrying out a combustion reaction with water, and the reaction steady step in which reforming is performed in a steady manner by maintaining the size of the combustion core.

First, in the reaction start step, a predetermined amount of organic waste is supplied into the reforming container, and a reaction initiator is used to ignite a part of the organic waste to start the reaction. As a reaction initiator, organic waste is ignited by using a small amount of carbide and water. At the start of the reaction, the reforming container is filled with air containing oxygen, and acetylene gas is generated by the reaction of the carbide and water, so that the organic waste is also ignited instantaneously by igniting this acetylene. In addition, although it is based also on the water-containing state of organic waste, when organic waste is an initial stage in a dry state, a predetermined amount of water is added before reaction start.

After the start of the reaction, in the reaction expansion step, the reaction site in the input organic waste is expanded by aeration into the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe and water supply for performing the combustion reaction with water. Since the outside air is constantly introduced into the reforming vessel by aeration into the reforming vessel by the gas introduction pipe, the combustion reaction using oxygen is continuously occurring. The combustion reaction using oxygen raises the temperature of the surrounding organic waste and the water contained therein, causing the reaction between the organic waste and water, that is, the water combustion reaction. Furthermore, the ventilation into the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe can change the ventilation state by moving the tip of the gas introduction pipe from the center of the reforming container to the periphery, and oxygen was used. The combustion reaction spreads from the organic waste center to the periphery. The combustion reaction using this oxygen further generates heat, and the combustion reaction by water in the organic waste is expanded. This series of reactions can expand the reaction in the organic waste in the reaction expansion step. On the other hand, by adding water to the organic waste at the start of the reaction, the combustion reaction by oxygen is suppressed to such an extent that it does not spread to the whole organic waste. In addition, the presence of the organic waste in the reforming vessel and the combustion products generated by the combustion reaction with oxygen prevent the aeration state from occurring to a small extent at the reaction site in the organic waste. The reaction is suppressed to the extent that it does not spread throughout the organic waste.

Here, the combustion reaction by water in the organic waste will be described. In general, the combustion reaction in a narrow sense refers to a violent oxidation reaction involving heat and light due to oxygen. For example, when this is expressed by a chemical reaction formula, it is approximately as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). That is, assuming that organic wastes such as biomass are carbohydrates (FIG. 7 (a)) or hydrocarbons (FIG. 7 (b)), carbon dioxide and water are produced after reaction with oxygen. On the other hand, the combustion reaction with water in the present invention is a reaction using water as an oxidant to generate hydrogen from carbohydrates or hydrocarbons. If this is represented by a chemical reaction formula, it will become like FIG. 7 (c) (d). That is, assuming that organic wastes such as biomass are carbohydrates (FIG. 7 (c)) or hydrocarbons (FIG. 7 (d)) in the same manner as described above, reactions that produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen or carbon monoxide and hydrogen Become. This reaction is a reaction similar to steam reforming, but the high temperature steam and catalyst as high as 1000 ° C. necessary for general steam reforming are unnecessary. Hereinafter, the combustion reaction refers to the combustion reaction with water.

As the combustion reaction expands into organic waste, the temperature rises to around 300-400 ° C. at the organic waste center. The reaction steady state is formed by returning the gas introduction pipe from the inner peripheral portion to the central portion of the reforming container when all the temperature sensors installed in the reforming container detect the temperature rise. The high temperature part of the organic waste core at this time is called a combustion core, and this state is called a reaction steady process. The temperature around the combustion core is about 150 to 200 ° C., and the gas phase in the reforming vessel is about 80 ° C., and the outside of the reforming vessel is about 40 ° C. As the combustion reaction progresses, when the reforming of the organic waste proceeds, the organic waste is further supplied into the reforming container. In addition, by continuously supplying water to the organic waste, the termination of the combustion reaction due to the lack of water is prevented.

When the combustion nuclei are contracted, oxygen is moved by moving the tip end of the gas introduction pipe of the gas introduction pipe installed in the peripheral wall of the reforming container from the center of the reforming container to the periphery as in the reaction expansion step. It is possible to expand the combustion reaction by and repeat the reforming step from the reaction expansion step again. Also in this case, it is not necessary to use external energy, and the reaction can be expanded by aeration into the reforming container with a gas introduction pipe and water supply for performing a combustion reaction with water, leading to a reaction steady process. It is possible. In addition, when the combustion nuclei are expanded too much, it is possible to adjust the combustion reaction by oxygen by reducing the amount of aeration through the gas introduction pipe. When the combustion reaction due to oxygen is not expanded by moving the tip of the gas introduction pipe of the gas introduction pipe installed in the peripheral wall of the reforming container from the center of the reforming container to the peripheral part, the organic waste is used as the reforming container It is supplied to the inside and left for several hours until all the temperature sensors installed in the reforming container detect the temperature rise. When a temperature rise is detected, the gas introduction pipe is returned from the inner peripheral portion to the central portion of the reforming container and water is supplied into the reforming container to continue the reaction steady process. As described above, the three-stage reforming process makes it possible to reform organic waste without external energy supply. In addition, as to the timing of supplying water, the hydrogen concentration of the exhaust gas may be detected, and water may be supplied when the hydrogen concentration falls below 2%, for example.

In the present invention, organic waste is assumed to be organic waste including natural and synthetic organic waste such as garbage, waste paper, biomass such as grass, rubber and plastics etc. Not limited to these.

Next, an apparatus for reforming organic waste used in the method for reforming organic waste of the present invention will be described. The apparatus for reforming organic waste comprises an organic waste supply means, a reforming container for reforming the organic waste supplied from the supply means, and a temperature state during combustion of the organic waste. Temperature sensor for grasping the gas, a gas introduction pipe for ventilating the inside of the reforming container, water supply means for replenishing water for reforming, and the reforming residue subjected to reforming to the outside It has the discharge | emission means to discharge | emit, and the exhaust gas processing means to process the gas discharged | emitted from the said reforming container.

The means for supplying organic waste in the apparatus for reforming organic waste according to the present invention comprises a supply port and a supply port cover. The supply port is formed in such a manner as to open to the reformer container ceiling, and supply of organic waste is performed. By providing the supply port at the ceiling, it is possible to uniformly supply the organic waste into the reforming container.

The reforming container comprises a container wall and a leg.

The container wall comprises a flat regular hexagonal ceiling, a peripheral wall provided below the outer peripheral edge of the ceiling, and a flat regular hexagonal bottom similar to the ceiling. The peripheral wall portion is preferably formed of a fire-resistant wall portion and an outer wall portion covering the fire-resistant wall portion. However, the peripheral wall portion is simply formed of a generally used steel plate. The steel plate preferably has a thickness of about 10 cm.

A plurality of leg portions are attached to the lower end portion of the peripheral wall portion, and the reforming container can be installed at a certain height from the ground by being formed with the same length of about 50 cm. In addition, when the installation point is inclined, the reforming container can be held horizontally by adjusting the length of the legs.

The reforming container is a container having a volume of about 1000 liters, a regular hexagonal shape of about 60 cm on one side of the bottom and the ceiling, and a regular hexagonal column shape having a height of about 1 m from the bottom to the ceiling. Is not limited to this. Further, the shape is not limited to a regular hexagonal column shape, and may be a cylindrical shape or the like.

A plurality of temperature sensors for grasping the temperature state during combustion of the organic waste are installed in the reforming container, and the temperature detection portion is projected from the outer wall portion of the reforming container into the inside of the reforming container, The temperature of the organic waste during combustion in the reforming vessel is detected. The temperature sensor serves to measure the size of combustion nuclei in the organic waste being burned. Specifically, the temperature sensor has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 1 to 5 cm and a total length of about 50 cm, and comprises a temperature detection portion, a main body, and a display portion. Protruding into the reforming vessel, the temperature detection site can detect the temperature of the organic waste being burned. The drilling holes are located at a height of about 50 cm from the bottom of the reforming container, and when the reforming container has a regular hexagonal column shape, a total of six holes, one each from the six side portions of the reforming container The temperature sensor in the reforming vessel is used to sense the temperature in the reforming vessel, and the temperature sensing portion of each temperature sensor is arranged in a circle with a radius of about 15 cm from the center of the vessel in the reforming vessel. In the reaction steady process, when the temperature of at least one of the temperature sensors is less than 200 ° C. for 3 minutes or more, the tip end of the gas introduction pipe of the gas introduction pipe is moved from the center of the reforming container to the periphery Then, the combustion reaction can be continuously performed by expanding the size of the combustion nucleus in the organic waste and supplying water from the water supply means into the reforming container. The temperature detected by the temperature detection part can be confirmed by the display unit.

The gas introducing pipe for ventilating the inside of the reforming container is a metal pipe having a diameter of about 3 cm and a total length of about 60 cm, and is installed on a peripheral wall of the reforming container. Since outside air is always introduced from the tip of the gas introduction pipe, the combustion reaction by oxygen is constantly occurring at a constant rate in the reforming container. The gas introduction pipe is located at a height of about 20 cm from the lower end of the reforming container, and through the holes bored in the center of each side of the peripheral wall of the reforming container, the outside air is introduced into the reforming container from the outside of the reforming container. Introduce. The gas introduction pipe can be moved, and the vent position can be adjusted in the reforming container without being fixed in position. Further, in order to increase the amount of air flow into the reforming container, it is possible to form a small hole on the side of the gas introduction pipe.

A water supply means for replenishing water for reforming includes a water supply tank and a shower portion for supplying water to the organic waste being burned in the reforming container. The water supply tank is provided at the center of the ceiling of the reforming container, and can be constantly stored in the water supply tank. The water supply tank and the shower unit are separated by a lower cover of the water supply tank, and water can be sent from the inside of the water supply tank to the shower unit as needed. A large number of holes are opened in the shower head of the shower section, and the structure is such that water is evenly distributed to the entire organic waste during combustion inside the reforming container by spraying water. The showerhead has a spherical shape, but is not limited thereto. It is preferable to adjust the water supply amount at one time so that the total amount of the water content of the organic waste and the water supply amount does not exceed the weight of the organic waste. Moreover, in order to supply water simply, it is also possible to open the supply port of organic waste and to supply water.

The discharging means for discharging the reformed reforming residue to the outside takes out the reforming residue accumulated inside from the exhaust port installed in the reforming container peripheral wall portion. The organic waste is reformed, and the generated reforming residue accumulates near the outlet. A plurality of discharge ports can be installed in the reforming container peripheral wall portion. With regard to recovery of the reforming residue, the reforming residue is removed at a rate of about once every two days because the volume reduction rate is large in the formation of the reforming residue from the organic waste. The reformed residue taken out can be used as fertilizer depending on the type of organic waste. Further, the position of the discharge port is not limited to this, and the discharge port can also be installed at the bottom of the reforming container. In addition, it is preferable to provide a drainage port for taking out excess water in the reforming container in the vicinity of the discharge port.

The exhaust gas processing means for processing the gas discharged from the reforming container comprises a vent cylinder, a gas collecting portion, a tar removing portion and a suction fan. The aeration cylinder is provided outside the peripheral wall of the reforming container, and the gas generated by the modification is forced to be sucked by the suction fan to flow into the aeration cylinder and pass through the aeration cylinder. Useful gas is collected in the collection section. In the apparatus for reforming organic waste according to the present invention, hydrogen gas useful in the reforming step is generated at a high concentration, so the hydrogen gas is collected in the gas collection unit, but the present invention is limited thereto It is possible to change the collection means according to the necessary gas appropriately in the gas collection unit. In addition, the gas collection portion can be installed by forming a through hole in the top of the reforming container, and hydrogen can be collected directly from the inside of the reforming container. In the tar removing unit, by laying wood pellets made of sawdust or the like or activated carbon, it can play the role of a filter, and it is possible to purify the gas finally discharged.

The high concentration hydrogen gas generated by the reforming is collected by, for example, a hydrogen storage alloy in the gas collection unit, but the hydrogen recovery method is not limited thereto, and a known hydrogen recovery means can be used. . In addition, a hydrogen sensor or a gas analyzer that simultaneously detects the hydrogen concentration may be provided.

In addition, it is preferable to set a pressure gauge in the reforming container and measure the pressure in the reforming container in the reforming step to adjust the suction by the suction fan so that the reduced pressure state in the container can be maintained.

Furthermore, it is preferable to maintain the oxygen state in the container by installing an oximeter in the reforming container and measuring the oxygen concentration in the reforming container in the reforming step.

As described above, by continuously supplying organic waste, replenishing water, venting into the reforming container, and discharging the reforming residue, semipermanently organic without using external energy It is possible to continue the operation of the waste reforming apparatus. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the organic waste reforming process of the present invention. The reforming process is divided into three stages. That is, a reaction start step S1 of supplying organic waste into the reforming container and starting reforming in a part of the organic waste using the reaction initiator, reforming in the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe The reaction expansion step S2 is a reaction expansion step S2 in which the reaction is expanded by aeration in the container and water supply for performing a combustion reaction with water, and a reaction steady step S3 in which reforming is performed in a steady manner by maintaining the size of the combustion core. Depending on conditions such as the type of organic waste and the water content, the reaction expansion step S2 is continued for about 600 minutes, and then the reaction steady step S3 is performed. After reaching the reaction steady process S3, if the combustion nucleus does not stably exist, the reaction expansion process S2 is repeated again to form the combustion nucleus. Further, as shown in the figure, when a temperature decrease of 200 ° C. or less is recognized by the temperature sensor in the reaction steady process S3, the combustion using oxygen is performed by moving the gas introduction pipe to the inner peripheral portion of the reforming container. The reaction steady process S3 is maintained by expanding the reaction and returning the gas introduction pipe to the central portion inside the reforming container when all the temperature sensors detect 200.degree. If temperature rise is not recognized even if the gas introduction pipe is moved to the inner peripheral part of the reforming container, organic waste is supplied, and if temperature rise is observed, the gas introduction pipe is modified in the same manner as above. By returning to the central part in the quality container, the reaction steady process S3 is maintained. If the temperature rise is not recognized even if the organic waste is supplied, the organic waste is further supplied. In addition, when the gas introduction pipe is returned to the central portion inside the reforming container, water is supplied to continue the combustion reaction, but for the timing of supplying water, the hydrogen concentration of the exhaust gas is detected, and the hydrogen concentration is Water may be supplied when it falls below 2%.

2 and 3 are a schematic view and an external view of the organic waste reforming apparatus 10, respectively. In the figure, the organic waste reforming apparatus 10 grasps the temperature condition of the organic waste 15 during combustion and the reforming container 11 for reforming the organic waste 15 supplied from the supply means 13. Temperature sensor 22, a gas introduction pipe 23 for ventilating the inside of the reforming container 18, water supply means 20 for replenishing water for reforming, and a reforming residue 17 for which reforming is performed And an exhaust gas processing means 21 for processing the gas discharged from the reforming container 11.

The supply means 13 includes a supply port 13a for receiving the organic waste and supplying the organic waste to the inside 18 of the reforming container 11, and a supply port cover 13b fitted to the supply port 13a.

The reforming container 11 for reforming organic waste is composed of a container wall 12 including a ceiling 12a, a peripheral wall 12b, and a bottom 12c, and a leg 16. The reforming container 11 is a container having a regular hexagonal column shape, and is a container having a volume of 1000 liters and having a regular hexagon of about 60 cm on one side and a total height of about 1 m.

The six leg portions 16 are installed at the bottom portion 12c and have the same length of about 50 cm, so that the reforming container 11 can be installed at a certain height from the ground. Further, when the installation point is inclined, the reforming container 11 can be held horizontally by adjusting the length of the leg portion 16.

In the present embodiment, rice husk is used as about 30 kg of organic waste 15, and after the organic waste 15 is supplied from the supply means 13 to the reforming container 11, a reaction is performed using a small amount of carbide and water. The organic waste 15 is ignited. At this time, when the organic waste 15 is in a dry state, about 20 liters of water is added to the organic waste 15 before ignition and stirred well. After the start of the reaction, the reaction site is expanded by aeration into the reforming container 18 by the gas introduction pipe 23 and water supply for performing a combustion reaction with water. At this time, the tip end of the gas introduction pipe 23 is moved from the central portion of the reforming container 11 to the peripheral portion to expand the combustion reaction using oxygen from the central portion of the organic waste 15 to the peripheral portion. Heat is accumulated in the organic waste 15 by the combustion reaction using oxygen, and the supplied water raises the temperature in the organic waste 15 by the latent heat, and the water in the organic waste 15 A combustion reaction occurs. In the reaction expansion step S2, although the temperature rise of the central portion of the organic waste 15 is accompanied, when the temperature of the central portion reaches 400 ° C., 5 liters of water supply is performed once to enlarge the reaction site.

When the combustion reaction expands into the organic waste 15, the temperature rises to around 400 ° C. in the center of the organic waste 15, and a steady state is formed. At this time, the reaction steady state is formed by returning the tip portion of the gas introduction pipe 23 from the inner peripheral portion of the reforming container 11 to the central portion. As shown in FIG. 4, at this time, a combustion nucleus 24 is formed in the high temperature portion of the central portion of the organic waste 15. The combustion nucleus 24 is formed in the center of the organic waste 15 in the form of a sphere having a diameter of about 30 cm, and maintains a substantially constant size in the reaction steady process S3. The temperature of the combustion core peripheral portion 25 is around 180 ° C., around 80 ° C. in the reforming vessel 18 and around 40 ° C. outside the reforming vessel 11. By the progress of the combustion reaction, when the reforming of the organic waste 15 progresses, the organic waste is additionally supplied to the inside of the reforming container 18 by about 5 kg. Further, by continuously supplying water to the organic waste 15 by the water supply means 20, the stop of the combustion reaction due to the lack of water is prevented. At this time, the amount of water supplied is adjusted so that the amount of water supplied once does not exceed the dry weight of the input organic waste.

As shown in FIG. 4, the temperature sensor 22 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 5 cm and a total length of about 50 cm, and comprises a temperature detection portion 22a, a main body 22b, and a display portion 22c. A temperature detection portion 22 a protrudes from the provided drilling hole 14 into the reforming container 18, and detects the temperature of the organic waste 15 during combustion. The temperature detection portion 22 a can detect the temperature within a range of about 5 cm from the tip of the temperature sensor 22. The drilled hole 14 is located at a height of about 50 cm from the bottom of the reforming container 12c, and the temperature detection portion 22a of each temperature sensor 22 has a radius of 15 cm from the central portion of the reforming container 11 in the reforming container 18. Are arranged to draw a circle. When at least one of the temperature sensors 22 measures a temperature below 200 ° C. for 3 minutes or more, the tip of the gas introduction pipe 23 installed in the peripheral wall 12b of the reforming container is again surrounded from the central portion inside the reforming container 11. By moving to a part and expanding the combustion reaction by oxygen and then supplying water, the combustion reaction by water is caused in the reforming container 18, the size of the combustion core 24 is enlarged, and the combustion reaction is continuously performed. It is possible. Also, for convenience, it is possible to periodically measure the temperature of the organic waste 15 in combustion using a thermometer instead of the temperature sensor 22.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the gas introduction pipe 23 in detail. The gas introduction pipe 23 is a metal pipe having a diameter of about 3 cm and a total length of about 60 cm, and is installed in the reforming container peripheral wall 12b. Since the outside air is always introduced from the gas introduction pipe 23, the combustion reaction by oxygen occurs at a constant rate in the reforming container 18. The gas introduction pipe 23 is located at a height of 20 cm from the discharge port 19 and introduces external air from the outside of the reforming container 11 into the reforming container 18 through holes bored in the center portions of the side surfaces. As shown in FIG. 5, three types of air ports of 15 mm, 8 mm and 5 mm in diameter can be selected as the gas inlet 23a, and it is possible to use properly depending on the type of organic waste, ventilation conditions and the like.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the reforming container 11 for explaining the discharge port 19. The discharge means for discharging the reformed residue 17 which has been subjected to the reforming is the reformed residue 17 accumulated in the inside of the reforming container 11 from the discharge ports 19 installed in the three directions of the reforming container peripheral wall portion 12b. Take out. Regarding recovery of the reforming residue 17, the reforming residue 17 is taken out from the outlet 19 about once every two days, but in the reaction steady process S3, in order to maintain the combustion kernel in the reaction steady state, the reforming residue 17 Be careful not to take out all the ingredients.

The exhaust gas processing means 21 for processing the gas discharged from the inside of the container 18 comprises a ventilation cylinder 21a, a gas collecting portion 21b, a tar removing portion 21c, and a suction fan 21d. The vent cylinder 21a is externally provided on the reforming container peripheral wall portion 12b, and the gas generated by the reforming is forcedly sucked by the suction fan 21d to flow into the vent cylinder 21a, and the vent cylinder 21a After passing through, the useful gas is collected by the gas collection unit 21b. In the present embodiment, since hydrogen gas useful in the reforming process is generated at a high concentration, the gas collection unit 21b collects the high concentration hydrogen gas. The high concentration hydrogen gas generated by the reforming is collected by the hydrogen storage alloy in the gas collection unit 21b. The tar removing unit 21c can play the role of a filter by laying wood pellets made of sawdust or the like and activated carbon over a plurality of layers, and purifies the gas finally discharged.

As mentioned above, although it is an embodiment concerning the present invention, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the range given in the above-mentioned embodiment, By adding various technical changes to the above-mentioned embodiment It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments are also within the technical scope of the present invention.

Next, an operation example of the apparatus for reforming organic waste according to the present embodiment will be shown in Experimental Examples 1 to 4 below.

(Experimental example 1)
In the present invention, reforming is performed using a reaction different from a combustion reaction using oxygen, which is a combustion reaction using water. In this experimental example 1, organic waste and water are not additionally supplied into the reforming container during the experiment for the purpose of clarifying that the combustion reaction with water occurs in the reforming container. The gas generation state was measured in the gas phase part in the reforming vessel. In addition, this experiment started the experiment in the state which reached the reaction steady process already.

As organic waste, 20 kg of rice husk was used, and the reaction was started by adding 0.5 liter of water to the rice husk after supplying to the reforming vessel. For water in this experimental example, isotope water H ₂ ¹⁸ O containing oxygen ( ¹⁸ O) as a stable isotope is used at a concentration of 10%, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion reaction is measured. The rice husk had a water content of about 10% by weight.

Table 1 summarizes the measurement results of carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen in the reforming vessel. The reaction time was set to 0 minutes, 20 minutes, 41 minutes, 70 minutes and 180 minutes, and the gas generation state in the gas phase part in the reforming container was measured using a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatograph mass spectrum as a measuring device. . Twenty minutes after the start of the reaction, it has been shown that carbon dioxide ( ⁴⁶ CO ₂ ) containing ¹⁸ O is generated. The isotope water H ₂ ¹⁸ O is used at a concentration of 10%, and 20 minutes after the start of the reaction, about 5.7% of ⁴⁶ CO ₂ is generated out of the total carbon dioxide. It is clear from this that about 57% of the total carbon dioxide evolved is generated by the combustion reaction of 0.5 liters of water added. Further, it is presumed that oxygen is used for the combustion reaction for maintaining the combustion nuclei and the reaction when the generated hydrogen is burned.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the amount of CO ₂ generation exceeds the amount of O ₂ reduction. This is a phenomenon that can not occur only by the combustion reaction using oxygen (Fig. 7 (a) and (b)), and it was shown from this point that the combustion reaction by water also occurs.

(Experimental example 2)
Next, another experiment performed in this embodiment using another organic waste is shown below. The purpose of this experimental example 2 is to clarify the influence on the gas generated in the reforming vessel due to the difference between the hydrolysis condition and the non-hydrolysis condition. In this experiment, the organic waste and water were not additionally supplied into the reforming vessel as in Experimental Example 1, and the state of the gas phase in the reforming vessel was measured. In this experiment, the experiment was started from the reaction initiation step.

As organic waste, use 10 kg of vinyl chloride cloth paper and supply it to the reforming container, then add 2 liters of water to the cloth paper before the start of the reaction, and organic waste by reaction of a small amount of carbide and water. The reaction is started by igniting the As a comparative example, an example of the same experiment under non-hydrolytic conditions without water supply is shown. The cross paper had a water content of about 3% by weight.

8 to 12 set the reaction time to 0 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, and measure the gas generation state in the gas phase part in the reforming container It is a graph which shows the measured result. The amount of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen contained in the gas phase was measured using a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatograph mass spectrum as a measuring device. The vertical axis of the graph shows the ratio to the whole volume of the gas phase part in the reforming container.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the amount of hydrogen generation in the gas phase in Experimental Example 2. It shows that a large amount of hydrogen gas is generated in the container from the water-containing cross paper by the combustion reaction with water as compared with the comparative example under the non-hydrolytic condition. In addition, also in the comparative example of non-hydrolysis conditions, it is guessed that the combustion reaction by water will occur by the water contained by cloth and the water generated by combustion which used oxygen.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the amount of carbon monoxide generated in the gas phase in Experimental Example 2. It is shown that a large amount of carbon monoxide gas is generated in the container from the water-containing cross paper due to the combustion reaction with water as compared with the comparative example under the non-hydrolytic condition.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the amount of carbon dioxide generated in the gas phase in Experimental Example 2. In the comparative example of the non-hydrolytic condition, carbon dioxide is generated by the combustion reaction using oxygen, and therefore, it is shown that the generation amount of carbon dioxide is larger than the generation ratio of carbon monoxide under the non-hydrolytic condition in FIG. It is done.

11 and 12 are graphs showing amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in the gas phase in Experimental Example 2. It can be confirmed that both the oxygen and the nitrogen are reduced under the hydrolysis condition as compared with the non-hydrolysis condition. It is presumed that this is due to the decrease of these proportions due to the gas generated under the water addition condition.

(Experimental example 3)
In the present experimental example 3, the water content optimum for hydrogen generation was investigated. In this experiment, the organic waste and water were not additionally supplied into the reforming vessel as in Experimental Examples 1 and 2, and the state of the gas phase in the reforming vessel was measured. In this experiment, the experiment was started from the reaction initiation step.

As organic waste, 30 kg of rice husk is used, and after supplying to the reforming vessel, before the start of the reaction, 4.5 liters, 6.0 liters, 12.0 liters, 20.0 liters, 30.0 liters and water content Change and add each to rice husk. The organic waste is then ignited by the reaction of a small amount of carbide with water to initiate the reaction. The rice husk had a water content of about 10% by weight.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the generation amount of hydrogen in the gas phase in Experimental Example 3. In hydrogen generation, it was shown that the condition of 20.0 liters as the amount of water was optimum for 30 kg of chaff.

(Experimental example 4)
In this experimental example 4, the reaction time from the ignition of the organic waste to the disappearance of hydrogen was measured. This experiment, like the experimental examples 1 to 3, measures the state of the gas phase part in the reforming container without additionally supplying the organic waste and water into the reforming container. In this experiment, the experiment was started from the reaction initiation step.

After using 30 kg of rice husk as organic waste and supplying it to the reforming vessel, add 20 liters of water to the rice husk before starting the reaction, then ignite the organic waste by the reaction of a small amount of carbide and water, Start the reaction. The rice husk had a water content of about 10% by weight.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the generation amount of hydrogen in the gas phase in Experimental Example 4. The peak is reached at 630 minutes, and it is shown that hydrogen generation continues up to 900 minutes. It was shown that as high as 2.5% by volume of hydrogen was generated at the peak time. Note that this experiment shows the time required to reform 30 kg of rice husks with this apparatus, and if the organic waste and water are replenished in the reaction steady process, the reforming reaction continues as described above. It is street. In this experiment, almost all the rice husk was reformed at the final time (900 minutes), and only the reforming residue remained.

From the above experimental results, it is clear that in the method of reforming organic waste according to the present invention, it is possible to reform organic waste without using external energy. Also, since the gas produced by reforming contains high concentration hydrogen, it can be recovered and used as hydrogen gas, and depending on the type of organic waste, it is possible to use the produced reforming residue as fertilizer is there.

The present invention relates to a method of reforming organic matter without using external energy, and an organic waste reforming apparatus for realizing the reforming method. The gas produced by reforming contains high concentration hydrogen, which can be recovered and used as hydrogen gas, and depending on the type of organic waste, utilizing the produced reforming residue as fertilizer Since it is possible, industrial applicability is extremely high.

S1 Reaction start process S2 Reaction expansion process S3 Reaction steady process 10 Apparatus for reforming organic waste 11 Reforming container 12 Container wall 12a Ceiling part 12b Ceiling part 12c Bottom part 13 Supply means 13a Supply port 13b Supply port cover 14 Drill hole DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Organic waste 16 leg part 17 Reforming residue 18 Reforming container inside 19 Discharge port 20 Water supply means 20a Water supply tank 20b Shower part 21 Exhaust gas processing means 21a Air cylinder 21b Gas collection part 21c Tar removal part 21d Suction fan 22 temperature sensor 22a temperature detection part 22b main body 22c display part 23 gas introduction pipe 23a gas introduction port 24 combustion nucleus 25 combustion nucleus peripheral part

Claims (6)

A reaction initiation step of feeding organic waste into a reforming vessel and initiating reforming of a portion of the organic waste using a reaction initiator;
A reaction expansion step of expanding the reaction by aeration into the reforming container with a gas introduction pipe and water supply for performing a combustion reaction with water;
A steady-state reaction step in which reforming is performed in a steady manner by maintaining the size of combustion nuclei;
A method of reforming organic waste, comprising: generating hydrogen gas with high concentration. The method for reforming organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the reaction initiation step comprises the step of igniting a part of the organic waste using a small amount of carbide and water as the reaction initiator. The organic waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aeration into the reforming container in the reaction expansion step adjusts the introduction of the outside air into the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe. Reforming method. The method for reforming organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein water supply in the reaction expansion step is continuously replenished with water from the outside by a water supply means. The maintenance of the size of the combustion core in the reaction steady process adjusts the aeration into the reforming container by the gas introduction pipe and the water supply into the reforming container based on temperature detection using a temperature sensor The method for reforming organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is carried out by Means for supplying organic waste,
A reforming vessel for reforming organic waste supplied from the supply means;
A temperature sensor for grasping the temperature condition during combustion of organic waste,
A gas introduction pipe for ventilating the inside of the reforming vessel;
Water supply means for replenishing water to perform reforming;
An exhausting means for discharging the reformed reforming residue to the outside;
Exhaust gas processing means for processing the gas discharged from the reforming container;
An apparatus for reforming organic waste, comprising: generating hydrogen gas with high concentration.

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