WO2011070188A1 - Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels - Google Patents
Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011070188A1 WO2011070188A1 PCT/ES2010/000499 ES2010000499W WO2011070188A1 WO 2011070188 A1 WO2011070188 A1 WO 2011070188A1 ES 2010000499 W ES2010000499 W ES 2010000499W WO 2011070188 A1 WO2011070188 A1 WO 2011070188A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- tunnels
- sacrificial
- perforations
- main tunnel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D13/00—Large underground chambers; Methods or apparatus for making them
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
Definitions
- the invention falls within the technical sector of the execution of tunnels and perforations for the execution of linear works, be they road tunnels, railways, mines, communications, freight transport, and all those related to drilling for extraction. of gases or materials (liquids or solids) combustible.
- solid bolts are used normal to the direction of advance of the main tunnel, which can be grouped in umbrella structures of bolts or fiber bolts. glass located in the front of advance, achieving the support of the structure by reducing tensions and deformations (horizontal and vertical) that occur during excavation work, caused by the weight of the ground or rock mass located above the excavation level, assuming these materials part of the tension and deformation states of the work.
- the objective would be to reduce the values of stresses and deformations in the main tunnel, moderating and eliminating at the same time the use of systems attached to it and thus reducing both the execution times and the budget items destined for this purpose, allowing a Increase in security during the execution of the work.
- the present invention focuses on the execution of one or several tunnels or perforations (called Tunnel or Sacrifice Tunnels) of small diameter circular section and located concentrically at a certain distance from the tunnel or main perforation, being able to be coated or not, so that assume the tensions and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the strata of land or rock massifs located above the tunnel or main drilling.
- Tunnel or Sacrifice Tunnels tunnels or perforations
- Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is unique, as indicated in Figures 1 and 2, the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is located above the vertical of the main tunnel key (2), at a distance between 30% and 50% of the latter's height, and with a diameter between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel, keeping the axis of the Sacrifice Tunnel parallel to the axis of the main tunnel .
- the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) located vertically or in the vicinity of the key to the tunnel or main perforation, will have a circular section acting similar to a sacrificial anode in the protection of corrosive processes, being in charge of assuming the tensions and deformations due to the existence of the different strata of land or rocky massifs located on the tunnel or main perforation, deforming under these loads and avoiding, in this way, that they are transmitted to the main section of the tunnel or drilling
- the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) must be executed prior to the main tunnel or drilling and by suitable mechanical procedures during the excavation, considering the best possible solution to its subsequent coating, depending on the type of terrain or rocky mass object of excavation work.
- Sacrifice Tunnel (1) In the event that the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is unique, the results of the numerical models carried out indicate that it must be located at a distance from the key of the main tunnel (2) between 30% and 50% of the height of the tunnel or main perforation; If the need for several are considered, they will be distributed in a horizontal plane symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane that contains the main tunnel guideline (2) and its key.
- Example 1 EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT The present invention is further illustrated by the following two examples, which are not intended to limit its scope: Example 1
- El 2.25.104 KN.m 2 / m
- the main tunnel In a terrain with high deformability, the main tunnel is 6 meters high (with a half-point section and an elephant leg on the lower sides) and gunite lining.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA EJECUCIÓN DE TÚNELES O PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR
PERFORACIONES EN OBRA CIVIL MEDIANTE TÚNELES DE CIVIL WORK PERFORATIONS THROUGH TUNNELS OF
SACRIFICIO SACRIFICE
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Procedimiento para la ejecución de túneles o perforaciones en obra civil mediante túneles de sacrificio. Procedure for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels.
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La invención se encuadra en el sector técnico de la ejecución de túneles y perforaciones para la ejecución de obras lineales, ya sean túneles de carretera, ferroviarios, en minas, de comunicaciones, transporte de mercancía, y todos aquellos relacionados con las perforaciones para la extracción de gases o materiales (líquidos o sólidos) combustibles. The invention falls within the technical sector of the execution of tunnels and perforations for the execution of linear works, be they road tunnels, railways, mines, communications, freight transport, and all those related to drilling for extraction. of gases or materials (liquids or solids) combustible.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
La ejecución de los distintos tipos de túneles y perforaciones en obra civil se lleva a cabo fundamentalmente en terrenos o macizos rocosos de baja capacidad portante o elevada deformabilidad, donde se desarrolla todo un conjunto de sistemas anejos a la excavación principal y que sirven de sostenimiento del terreno o del macizo rocoso en el que se realiza la excavación. The execution of the different types of tunnels and perforations in civil works is mainly carried out in rocky terrain or massifs of low bearing capacity or high deformability, where a whole set of systems annexed to the main excavation is developed and that serve as support of the terrain or rock mass in which excavation is performed.
Como mecanismo de anclaje y sostenimiento se utilizan bulones macizos normales a la dirección de avance del túnel principal, que pueden estar agrupados en estructuras de paraguas de bulones o bulones de fibra de vidrio situados en el frente de avance, logrando el sostenimiento de la estructura al reducir tensiones y deformaciones (horizontales y verticales) que se producen durante los trabajos de excavación, provocado por el peso del terreno o del macizo rocoso situado sobre la cota de excavación, asumiendo estos materiales parte de los estados tensiónales y de deformación propios de la obra. As an anchoring and holding mechanism, solid bolts are used normal to the direction of advance of the main tunnel, which can be grouped in umbrella structures of bolts or fiber bolts. glass located in the front of advance, achieving the support of the structure by reducing tensions and deformations (horizontal and vertical) that occur during excavation work, caused by the weight of the ground or rock mass located above the excavation level, assuming these materials part of the tension and deformation states of the work.
Independientemente del procedimiento constructivo considerado para la ejecución (alemán, belga, nuevo método austríaco, tuneladoras en sus distintos formatos), los bulones son elementos muy importantes en el sector arriba definido, puesto que su correcto dimensionamiento permite una adecuada ejecución de la obra, evitando colapsos parciales o completos tanto del frente de avance como de la parte ya excavada. Actualmente, todo este conjunto de sistemas anejos necesita para su ejecución tanto de complejos equipos de obra como de elevadas partidas presupuestarias. Regardless of the construction procedure considered for the execution (German, Belgian, new Austrian method, tunneling machines in their different formats), the bolts are very important elements in the sector defined above, since their correct sizing allows an adequate execution of the work, avoiding partial or complete collapses of both the advance front and the already excavated part. Currently, all this set of annexed systems requires for its execution both complex construction equipment and high budget items.
El objetivo sería reducir los valores de tensiones y deformaciones en el túnel principal, moderando y eliminando a su vez el empleo de sistemas anejos al mismo y disminuyendo, de esta forma, tanto los plazos de ejecución como las partidas presupuestarias destinadas al efecto, permitiendo un incremento en la seguridad durante la ejecución de los trabajos. The objective would be to reduce the values of stresses and deformations in the main tunnel, moderating and eliminating at the same time the use of systems attached to it and thus reducing both the execution times and the budget items destined for this purpose, allowing a Increase in security during the execution of the work.
Explicación de la invención Explanation of the invention.
La presente invención se centra en la ejecución de uno o varios túneles o perforaciones (llamados Túnel o Túneles de Sacrificio) de sección circular de pequeño diámetro y ubicados concéntricamente a cierta distancia del túnel o perforación principal, pudiendo ser revestidos o no, de forma que asuman las tensiones y deformaciones (horizontales y verticales) provocadas por los estratos de terreno o macizos rocosos situados sobre el túnel o perforación principal. Breve descripción de los dibujos The present invention focuses on the execution of one or several tunnels or perforations (called Tunnel or Sacrifice Tunnels) of small diameter circular section and located concentrically at a certain distance from the tunnel or main perforation, being able to be coated or not, so that assume the tensions and deformations (horizontal and vertical) caused by the strata of land or rock massifs located above the tunnel or main drilling. Brief description of the drawings
En el caso de que el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) sea único, según se indica en las figuras 1 y 2, el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) se encuentra situado sobre la vertical de la clave del túnel principal (2), a una distancia de entre el 30% y el 50% de la altura de este último, y con un diámetro de entre el 10% y el 20% de la altura del túnel principal, manteniéndose el eje del Túnel de Sacrificio paralelo al eje del túnel principal. In the event that the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is unique, as indicated in Figures 1 and 2, the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is located above the vertical of the main tunnel key (2), at a distance between 30% and 50% of the latter's height, and with a diameter between 10% and 20% of the height of the main tunnel, keeping the axis of the Sacrifice Tunnel parallel to the axis of the main tunnel .
Figura 1 Figure 1
Sección Transversal de un túnel en una sección cualquiera de terreno, ejecutado con forma de medio punto con pata de elefante en la zona de apoyos, representándose únicamente y por condiciones de simetría, el lateral izquierdo de la obra. Sobre la clave del túnel principal (2), se sitúa el Túnel de Sacrificio (1), con objeto de asumir parte del estado tensional y deformacional del terreno situado sobre él hasta la cota cero del mismo. Figura 2 Cross section of a tunnel in any section of land, executed in the form of a half point with an elephant leg in the area of supports, representing only and by symmetry conditions, the left side of the work. On the key of the main tunnel (2), the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is located, in order to assume part of the tensional and deformational state of the land located above it until the zero level of the same. Figure 2
Sección Transversal-Longitudinal del mismo túnel mostrado en la Figura 1, en la que puede apreciarse como el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) se mantiene paralelo al túnel principal (2), a una distancia definida sobre la clave de este último. Cross-Longitudinal Section of the same tunnel shown in Figure 1, in which it can be seen how the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is kept parallel to the main tunnel (2), at a defined distance over the latter's key.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
El Túnel de Sacrificio (1), situado en la vertical o en las cercanías de la clave del túnel o perforación principal, será de sección circular actuando de forma similar a un ánodo de sacrificio en la protección de los procesos corrosivos, siendo el encargado de asumir las tensiones y deformaciones debidas a la existencia de los distintos estratos de terreno o macizos rocosos situados sobre el túnel o perforación principal, deformándose bajo estas cargas y evitando, de esta forma, que se transmitan a la sección principal del túnel o perforación. The Sacrifice Tunnel (1), located vertically or in the vicinity of the key to the tunnel or main perforation, will have a circular section acting similar to a sacrificial anode in the protection of corrosive processes, being in charge of assuming the tensions and deformations due to the existence of the different strata of land or rocky massifs located on the tunnel or main perforation, deforming under these loads and avoiding, in this way, that they are transmitted to the main section of the tunnel or drilling
Para ello, y dependiendo de las características mecánicas y resistentes del terreno o macizo rocoso en el que se ejecutan las obras, el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) debe ser ejecutado con anterioridad al túnel o perforación principal y mediante procedimientos mecánicos adecuados durante la excavación, debiéndose considerar la mejor solución posible a su posterior revestimiento, en función del tipo de terreno o macizo rocoso objeto de los trabajos de excavación. Los modelos numéricos realizados sobre distintos tipos de terreno y materiales rocosos, muestran que el diámetro del Túnel de Sacrificio (1) debe tener un valor de entre el 10 y el 20% de la altura del túnel principal (2) (o en el caso de perforaciones, del diámetro de la misma), pudiendo estar revestido de tubo de acero hueco, gunita u hormigón hueco, fibra de vidrio hueca o geomalla de baja rigidez transversal. En el caso de que el Túnel de Sacrificio (1) sea único, los resultados de los modelos numéricos llevados a cabo acotan que debe estar situado a una distancia de la clave del túnel principal (2) de entre el 30% y el 50% de la altura del túnel o perforación principal; de considerarse la necesidad de que sean varios, se distribuirán en un plano horizontal de forma simétrica respecto de un plano vertical que contenga a la directriz del túnel principal (2) y a la clave del mismo. To do this, and depending on the mechanical and resistant characteristics of the rocky terrain or massif in which the works are executed, the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) must be executed prior to the main tunnel or drilling and by suitable mechanical procedures during the excavation, considering the best possible solution to its subsequent coating, depending on the type of terrain or rocky mass object of excavation work. The numerical models made on different types of terrain and rocky materials, show that the diameter of the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) must have a value between 10 and 20% of the height of the main tunnel (2) (or in the case of perforations, of the diameter of the same), being able to be covered with hollow steel tube, gunite or hollow concrete, hollow fiberglass or low cross stiffness geogrid. In the event that the Sacrifice Tunnel (1) is unique, the results of the numerical models carried out indicate that it must be located at a distance from the key of the main tunnel (2) between 30% and 50% of the height of the tunnel or main perforation; If the need for several are considered, they will be distributed in a horizontal plane symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane that contains the main tunnel guideline (2) and its key.
Ejemplo de realización La presente invención se ilustra adicionalmente mediante los siguientes dos ejemplos, los cuales no pretenden ser limitativos de su alcance: Ejemplo 1 EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT The present invention is further illustrated by the following two examples, which are not intended to limit its scope: Example 1
El túnel principal de 6 m de altura (con sección de medio punto y pata de elefante en los laterales inferiores) y revestimiento de gunita, se encuentra situado en un terreno de baja capacidad portante, el Túnel de Sacrificio es un tubo hueco circular de hormigón con elevada rigidez transversal (El=2,25.104 KN.m2/m), situado en la vertical de la clave del túnel principal, a 2,50 metros sobre la clave y con un radio 0,25 metros. Ejemplo 2 The 6 m high main tunnel (with half-point section and elephant leg on the lower sides) and gunite lining, is located on a low bearing capacity, the Sacrifice Tunnel is a circular hollow concrete tube with high transverse stiffness (El = 2.25.104 KN.m 2 / m), located in the vertical of the key of the main tunnel, at 2.50 meters above the key and with a radius of 0.25 meters. Example 2
En un terreno con elevada capacidad de deformación, el túnel principal es de 6 metros de altura (con sección de medio punto y pata de elefante en los laterales inferiores) y revestimiento de gunita. El Túnel de Sacrificio sería de sección circular de tubo hueco de acero con rigidez transversal baja (El=1000 KN.m2/m), situado en la vertical de la clave del túnel principal, a 2 metros sobre la clave y con un radio 0,35 metros. In a terrain with high deformability, the main tunnel is 6 meters high (with a half-point section and an elephant leg on the lower sides) and gunite lining. The Sacrifice Tunnel would be of circular section of hollow steel tube with low cross stiffness (El = 1000 KN.m 2 / m), located in the vertical of the key of the main tunnel, 2 meters above the key and with a radius 0.35 meters.
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10835511.6A EP2511472B1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
| ES10835511.6T ES2660009T3 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for the execution of tunnels or perforations in civil works through sacrificial tunnels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200902300A ES2361702B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF TUNNELS OR PERFORATIONS IN CIVIL WORK THROUGH SACRIFICE TUNNELS. |
| ESP200902300 | 2009-12-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011070188A1 true WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
Family
ID=44114497
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2010/000499 Ceased WO2011070188A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for making tunnels or perforations in civil engineering works using sacrificial tunnels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2511472B1 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2361702B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011070188A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04347297A (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-02 | Taisei Corp | Ground reinforcement method |
| JPH0525993A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-02-02 | Fujita Corp | Arch shell constructing method in work preceding tunnelling |
| JPH0776988A (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1995-03-20 | Aisawa Kogyo Kk | Preliminary construction method for tunnel facing front bedrock |
| JPH09328999A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Excavation method for large-scale underground caverns |
| US6520718B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2003-02-18 | Shigeki Nagatomo, Et Al. | Sardine-bone construction method for large-section tunnel |
| JP2005200992A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Ohbayashi Corp | Construction method for tunnel |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6500378A (en) * | 1964-01-18 | 1965-07-19 | ||
| DE2320366A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Beton & Monierbau Ag | PROCESS FOR SECURING THE OUTBREAK AND LIMITING MOUNTAIN DEFORMATIONS IN THE MOUNTAIN MANNICAL PRODUCTION OF TUBE-SHAPED CAVES |
| DE3501128C3 (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-11-12 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Sealing for the execution of underground structures |
| FR2875015B1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2007-01-05 | Bouygues Travaux Publics Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSSIBLE MOVEMENTS OF A GROUND CONSECUTIVE TO THE CREATION OF AN EXCAVATION EXTENDED IN THE FIELD |
-
2009
- 2009-12-09 ES ES200902300A patent/ES2361702B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-12-09 WO PCT/ES2010/000499 patent/WO2011070188A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-09 EP EP10835511.6A patent/EP2511472B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-09 ES ES10835511.6T patent/ES2660009T3/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04347297A (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-02 | Taisei Corp | Ground reinforcement method |
| JPH0525993A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-02-02 | Fujita Corp | Arch shell constructing method in work preceding tunnelling |
| JPH0776988A (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1995-03-20 | Aisawa Kogyo Kk | Preliminary construction method for tunnel facing front bedrock |
| JPH09328999A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Excavation method for large-scale underground caverns |
| US6520718B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2003-02-18 | Shigeki Nagatomo, Et Al. | Sardine-bone construction method for large-section tunnel |
| JP2005200992A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Ohbayashi Corp | Construction method for tunnel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2361702A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
| EP2511472B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| ES2361702B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
| EP2511472A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| EP2511472A4 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| ES2660009T3 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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