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WO2011068437A1 - Procédé de pyrolyse d'une matière première contenant des composés organiques - Google Patents

Procédé de pyrolyse d'une matière première contenant des composés organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011068437A1
WO2011068437A1 PCT/RU2010/000685 RU2010000685W WO2011068437A1 WO 2011068437 A1 WO2011068437 A1 WO 2011068437A1 RU 2010000685 W RU2010000685 W RU 2010000685W WO 2011068437 A1 WO2011068437 A1 WO 2011068437A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
pyrolysis
raw materials
fed
coolant
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2010/000685
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Владимирович КУЛИКОВ
Андрей Андреевич ВОРОБЬЕВ
Игорь Леонидович ЗОБИН
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2011068437A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011068437A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of processing of organo-containing raw materials, in particular coal, shale, peat, wood, crop products, animal waste, industrial, municipal waste, with the aim of extracting various types of liquid and solid fuels and is intended primarily for the processing of worn, damaged or rejected during production car tires, waste rubber products, etc.
  • Organ-containing raw materials that have spent their resources make up a significant share of human products polluting the environment.
  • the most acute problem is the disposal of worn tires, especially large ones, only a small part of which are recycled, as a result of which a huge number of them accumulate in landfills.
  • One of the processing methods is the high-temperature decomposition of rubber products without air access - pyrolysis, which allows the production of soot from tire rubber, as well as a number of liquid and gaseous organic substances that can be used in the chemical industry and energy.
  • High-temperature decomposition of rubber products can be carried out by direct pyrolysis on the processed raw materials, when they are burned in the reactor, directly exposed to the flame, or by indirect pyrolysis, when the processed raw materials are heated through the wall of the reactor in which they are processed.
  • An example of direct pyrolysis is the method of processing organic raw materials into fuel components described in RF patent Zh. 182684.
  • pre-briquetted and dried to a moisture content of 15% raw material is fed to a receiving hopper using a loading device, from which it then enters into the pyrolysis reactor in portions through the airlock feed batcher.
  • the pyrolysis reactor is equipped with an annular combustion chamber located in its lower part, the inlet of which is equipped with a burner with a device for ionization and arc ignition of the introduced fuel components, and the outlets are made radial and placed around the perimeter of the pyrolysis reactor working zone.
  • the flue gas enters the bottom pyrolysis reactor through radial outlets, washes the feed coming from above through the airlock feed batcher, ensuring its uniform heating to the sublimation temperature of volatile components.
  • the return gas is supplied in an increased concentration with respect to air in order to ensure complete combustion of the oxygen contained in the air.
  • the flue gas obtained as a result of combustion which does not contain oxygen, consists mainly of nitrogen, which is not involved in combustion but is the main heat carrier, residues of pyrolysis gas, carbon dioxide, and other combustion products.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that, firstly, it does not ensure the tightness of the reactor during operation, which can lead to the ingress of gaseous products of pyrolysis into the environment or to the fact that atmospheric oxygen with air can get into the working area, which can cause ignition of gaseous pyrolysis products.
  • the concentration of carbon dioxide will increase, which can lead to the attenuation of the flame in the burner and, as a result, the reaction will die out.
  • the use of a packed column leads to the fact that the latter, due to the grinding of the nozzle rings, quickly clogs and requires frequent flushing, which complicates the operation of the installation.
  • a device for implementing this method comprises upper and lower parts connected by a conical connector to the sealing rings.
  • a pyrolysis chamber In the cavity of the upper part of the furnace, a pyrolysis chamber is vertically mounted.
  • the furnace is equipped with an annular tray with a pipe for the removal of liquid pyrolysis products.
  • the method is carried out cyclically: the upper part of the furnace is lifted by a lifting device, a tire package is loaded into the pyrolysis chamber, then the upper part is returned to its place and detachable connections are fixed.
  • hot gases are supplied from the combustion device between the walls of the furnace and the pyrolysis chamber, and the tires are decomposed according to a predetermined mode, followed by unloading the solid residue from the pyrolysis chamber in the reverse order.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the cyclical operation and high energy losses associated with the need for periodic heating of the furnace to operating temperature after the next loading of tires and subsequent cooling during unloading of the solid phase of the degradation products.
  • Gaseous products of the decomposition reaction of tires containing vapors of hydrocarbon compounds from C 2 to C 5 and hydrocarbon gases from C 5 to C ⁇ 2 in a mixture with reducing gas with a temperature of 240-350 ° C are removed from the upper part of the reactor and fed to combustion devices, or for the separation of liquid and gaseous fractions.
  • Solid products containing carbon black and mineral components of rubber compounds (zinc dioxide, chalk, ground sulfur, etc.) are additionally treated with superheated water vapor after pyrolysis is completed and removed through a sealed feeder to a cooled hopper, where the solid residue is separated into carbon black and metal.
  • German patent application N ° 2404800 a method for pyrolysis of whole tires is known, which is carried out by heat treatment by indirect heating and significant gas impermeability. Gaseous products released during heating are carried out and rectified in a co-operating continuous process and various solids are removed. Before entering into the heat treatment zone, each tire passes through an oil bath and into during further advancement to the upper part of the heat treatment zone, it is drained, dried and heated.
  • the disadvantages of this method is that part of the oil in the bath is captured by each subsequent tire, is not completely drained (drains) and enters the heat treatment zone with oil residues, which leads to additional energy costs for oil pyrolysis. In fact, there is no heating of the tires, since heat is used to heat the oil film that covers the tires. There is no guarantee that as a result of the tires passing through the oil bath there will be no additional oxygen flow, which is absolutely undesirable, since it interferes with the flow of the process.
  • the disadvantage of this invention is the high energy costs due to the use of an external source of hydrocarbons for reducing gas and steam.
  • the prototype is a method of pyrolysis of a solid car tire described in the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2358002.
  • the method of pyrolysis of whole tires is carried out by heat treatment by indirect heating with significant gas impermeability, and the released gaseous hydrocarbons are transferred to a joint condensate separation unit connected to the equipment, where they are rectified in a continuous joint process. Separated solid components are removed.
  • Each tire is exposed pre-heating before entering the heat treatment area, and before pre-heating, the space occupied by the next tire is subjected to vacuum treatment, filled with an inert gas and separated from the heat treatment area and the environment.
  • the heat treatment area is a cylindrical reactor, which is heated by the combustion system by means of tangentially positioned burners of the combustion chamber.
  • the cap of the cylindrical reactor is lifted using an externally mounted hoist connected to the cap, and propelled forward using two pneumatic lifting cylinders.
  • the tire is simultaneously driven to the bore of the cylindrical reactor.
  • the technological process is carried out with the continuous supply of solid tires at a given speed and with the constant release of gaseous hydrocarbons, after which the solid components - carbon and steel wire - are transported through the lower hole of the cylindrical reactor into the water tank and unloaded for further processing.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it is provided with complex hardware design of the process, caused by the presence of a complex horizontal feed conveyor system in the upper level of the reactor and located at the bottom of the exhaust conveyor system with pipelines, a complex design of the receiving chamber. Raising the cap of the cylindrical reactor to load the processed tire using an externally mounted elevator, connected to the cap, and moving forward with two lifting pneumatic cylinders also complicates the implementation of the method of processing raw materials, increases energy costs, reduces its productivity.
  • the disadvantage of this method is also the high energy loss associated with the need for periodic heating of the furnace to operating temperature after the next loading of tires and subsequent cooling when unloading the solid phase of the degradation products.
  • the present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, namely, to increase the efficiency of the pyrolysis process of organo-containing raw materials, in particular coal, shale, peat, wood, crop products, animal waste, industrial, urban waste, worn, damaged or rejected in the manufacture of tires, waste production rubber-containing products by increasing processing productivity, process safety and simplifying it.
  • At least one reactor is used for pyrolysis, which is performed with double walls, into the space between which continuous pyrolysis is carried out the supply of preheated coolant, while the coolant is heated by means of a heating boiler, placed in isolation from the reactor.
  • high-temperature organic materials can be fed into the space between the walls of the reactor heat carriers (BOT) or a high-temperature heat carrier in the form of a eutectic alloy.
  • pyrolysis can be carried out simultaneously in several reactors forming a battery pack.
  • Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed invention is characterized by the presence of new actions, a different order of execution in time, as well as the conditions for the implementation of actions, in particular, equipment that is used in their implementation.
  • figure 1 schematically shows an installation for implementing the method
  • figure 2 - reactor with a heating element installed inside.
  • Organ-containing raw materials are loaded into the reactor 1 through the loading lock chamber 2: the utilized waste - automobile tires, other rubber waste, various hydrocarbon waste, including polymers.
  • the lock chamber 2 allows the process of loading raw materials without access of oxygen.
  • the tires 3 are fed into the airlock 2 as a whole product, or they are pre-crushed before being fed.
  • the shutter 4 is opened and the tires 3 enter the working space of the reactor 1.
  • the reactor is made in the form of a thermos and has double walls, into which the coolant is fed into the space (jacket) 5 between which.
  • the coolant is preheated by means of a heating boiler 6, placed in isolation relative to the reactor 1, and it is continuously fed into the reactor.
  • a heating boiler 6 placed in isolation relative to the reactor 1, and it is continuously fed into the reactor.
  • high-temperature organic heat transfer fluids BOT http://poliest.ltd.su/main/index- 1312.html;
  • the heated coolant entering the reactor warms the processed tires to the decomposition temperature of the raw material (450–600 ° ⁇ ), as a result of which, in the absence of air access, they decompose to form a synthesized gaseous product, liquid fuel (pyrolysis oil, heating oil) and solid fraction (pyrocarbon , metal cord).
  • Pyrolysis liquid is used as heating oil for boiler units, subsequent distillation into fractions is possible in order to obtain various petroleum products: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel.
  • Pyrocarbon is used as solid fuel, a filler for the manufacture of non-critical rubber products, dye, etc. Steel cord is used for further remelting.
  • the resulting solid phase — carbon black and metal cord — is collected in the lower part of the reactor 1, from where it is evacuated through the discharge lock chamber 10 located in the lower part of the reactor 1.
  • One of the embodiments of the claimed invention is the use for pyrolysis of several reactors 1 forming a battery unit (not shown in the drawing), which will improve the performance of the process of heat treatment of rubber products.
  • the working zone of the reactor 1 can be heated additionally installed inside it a tubular element 1 1 (for example, a coil), heated with a coolant.
  • the claimed invention allows to increase the efficiency of the pyrolysis process of organo-containing raw materials, including worn tires and other rubber products, by increasing its productivity, expanding technological capabilities, and ensuring the homogeneity of the products obtained in chemical composition.
  • the absence of burners for pyrolysis will increase the safety of the thermal process of decomposition of raw materials.
  • the inventive method is easy to use.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le traitement de matières premières contenant des composés organiques. Le procédé de pyrolyse d'une matière première contenant des composés organiques consiste à préparer et à introduire une matière première dans un réacteur par une chambre de chargement de type sas dans laquelle cette matière est d'abord soumise au traitement par le vide puis séparée de la zone de traitement thermique et de l'environnement; à effectuer la pyrolyse au moyen du chauffage indirect à une température de 450 à 500 °C à l'aide d'un caloporteur alimentant le réacteur; à éliminer la phase solide ainsi formée et séparer les phases liquide et gazeuse contenant du carbone et des hydrocarbures; et à décharger les substances solides résultant de la pyrolyse via la chambre de chargement de type sas ménagée dans la partie inférieure du réacteur. Le procédé de pyrolyse nécessite au moins un réacteur comprenant deux parois, un caloporteur préalablement chauffé étant introduit dans l'espace entre celles-ci. Le caloporteur est chauffé au moyen d'une chaudière isolée du réacteur. L’invention permet d’assurer un chauffage uniforme des parois du réacteur et d’augmenter ainsi la productivité et la stabilité du processus de pyrolyse.
PCT/RU2010/000685 2009-12-04 2010-11-19 Procédé de pyrolyse d'une matière première contenant des composés organiques Ceased WO2011068437A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2009145975/03A RU2009145975A (ru) 2009-12-04 2009-12-04 Способ пиролиза органосодержащего сырья
RU2009145975 2009-12-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011068437A1 true WO2011068437A1 (fr) 2011-06-09

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RU (1) RU2009145975A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011068437A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU58533U1 (ru) * 2006-07-21 2006-11-27 Шамиль Халикович Ахметзянов Установка для пиролиза резиносодержащих отходов
RU2297288C1 (ru) * 2005-09-08 2007-04-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уралэкоресурс" Устройство для очистки нефтезагрязненного грунта от нефтепродуктов
RU2358002C2 (ru) * 2004-10-14 2009-06-10 "Экопроцесс" Ад Способ и оборудование пиролиза цельной автомобильной покрышки

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2358002C2 (ru) * 2004-10-14 2009-06-10 "Экопроцесс" Ад Способ и оборудование пиролиза цельной автомобильной покрышки
RU2297288C1 (ru) * 2005-09-08 2007-04-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уралэкоресурс" Устройство для очистки нефтезагрязненного грунта от нефтепродуктов
RU58533U1 (ru) * 2006-07-21 2006-11-27 Шамиль Халикович Ахметзянов Установка для пиролиза резиносодержащих отходов

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Poliest", TEPLONOSITELI, 2008, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.poliest.ltd.su/main/index-1323.html> [retrieved on 20110208] *
M. N. BERNADINER ET AL., OGNEVAYA PERERABOTKA I OBEZVREZHIVANIE PROMYSHLENNYKH OTKHODOV., 1990, MOSCOW, KHIMIYA, pages 18, 19 *

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Publication number Publication date
RU2009145975A (ru) 2011-06-10

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