WO2011065521A1 - シリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶複合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
シリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶複合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011065521A1 WO2011065521A1 PCT/JP2010/071217 JP2010071217W WO2011065521A1 WO 2011065521 A1 WO2011065521 A1 WO 2011065521A1 JP 2010071217 W JP2010071217 W JP 2010071217W WO 2011065521 A1 WO2011065521 A1 WO 2011065521A1
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Definitions
- the present invention uses, as a template, a micrometer-sized disk-shaped structure formed by entangled silica nanofibers, and one or more metal oxide nanocrystals are formed on the surface layer of the silica nanofibers in the disk-shaped structure.
- the present invention relates to a disc-shaped composite composed of silica nanofibers / metal oxide nanocrystals obtained by interstitial bonding of and a method for producing the composite. Further, the present invention relates to a light emitter made of the composite.
- Inorganic and metal oxides constructed on the nanometer scale often exhibit new performance and functions not found in bulk materials of metal oxides. Design becomes possible.
- metal oxides having semiconductor properties have many optical, optical communication, electrical, and magnetic potentials, and development research on these nanoparticles and ultrathin films is rapidly progressing.
- metal oxide is a treasure of functional materials.
- titanium oxide has long been used as a white pigment, but in recent years it has been widely used in cosmetics, interference pigments, etc. by utilizing the light reflection and refraction phenomenon based on its high refractive index. Expectations are high as a constituent material of crystals.
- its usefulness as a photocatalyst is well known, and it is widely applied to solar cells, photodegradation of substances, sterilization using an oxidation reaction, antibacterial, deodorization system, and the like.
- various metal oxides such as iron oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconia, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, and alumina have excellent heat resistance, insulating properties, electrical properties, semiconductor properties, luminescent properties, magnetism, catalytic properties, etc. Therefore, it is widely used in industry.
- metal oxide structures in the nanometer order and the metal oxidation in the structures Control of the crystallite size is one of the major issues.
- Typical examples thereof include spherical nanoparticles of oxide, layered nanofibers having a single or multiphase oxide, and nanotubes.
- titanium oxide nanostructures of titanium oxide development research on composites having silica as a core and titanium oxide as a shell layer, and titanium oxide nanotubes starting from powdered titanium oxide is widely known.
- titanium oxide nanostructures have many application problems such as weak mechanical strength, low thermal stability, and processing limit.
- silica nanoparticles and nano-thin films can be obtained relatively easily, so composite materials in which a fixed layer of titanium oxide is formed on these surfaces are widely studied.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2. In order to effectively exhibit various functions of titanium oxide, particularly functions such as catalyst, sterilization, antibacterial, and deodorization, it has a structure for increasing the contact area with the target substance, for example, a nonwoven fabric or network structure Sponge-like structures are effective, but it is difficult to construct a two-dimensional structure with the above-mentioned particulate and thin film composite materials, so it is impossible to realize structures with large specific surface areas. .
- the present inventors have already provided a method for constructing a composite using a silica / polyethyleneimine composite nanofiber as a base and depositing a titanium oxide layer thereon (for example, Patent Document 2). reference.).
- Patent Document 2 a method for constructing a composite using a silica / polyethyleneimine composite nanofiber as a base and depositing a titanium oxide layer thereon.
- the crystal size of titanium oxide cannot be controlled, and the base silica / polyethyleneimine composite nanofiber is as thick as several tens of nanometers. It was thick. Further, there is no mention of compounding with metal oxides other than titanium oxide.
- JP 2007-9398 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-213888
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is a composite having a “nano-to-nano” nanointerface (nanointerface) formed by bonding a single or multiple metal oxide nanocrystals to a structure composed of silica nanofibers. And providing a simple production method thereof.
- a disc-like structure which is an aggregate of silica / polyethyleneimine composite nanofibers having a thickness of 5 to 20 nm, is formed by forming an aggregate serving as a template and performing a sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilane in the presence of the aggregate.
- the present invention provides a composite of silica nanofibers / metal oxide nanocrystals in which metal oxide nanocrystals (A) are bonded to silica nanofibers (B) forming a network-like disk-like structure.
- a method of manufacturing comprising: (I) a step of associating a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in an aqueous medium in the presence of ice; (II) By adding alkoxysilane to the aqueous medium in which the aggregate obtained in step (I) is present, the aggregate is formed as a core and silica forms a composite nanofiber.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a composite of silica nanofibers / metal oxide nanocrystals.
- the present invention is a composite of silica nanofibers and metal oxide nanocrystals, wherein the overall shape of the composite is a disk having a diameter of 5 to 20 ⁇ m and a thickness of 50 to 500 nm, and
- the composite has a basic structure of silica nanofibers (B) having a thickness of 5 to 20 nm in which metal oxide nanocrystals (A) having a size of 2 to 10 nm are bonded to the surface, and these are entangled with each other.
- the present invention provides a composite of silica nanofiber / metal oxide nanocrystal, and use of the composite as a light emitter.
- the method for producing a composite of the present invention does not require a specific device or a large device, and is made of silica nanofibers and metal oxide nanocrystals under relatively mild conditions from materials that are industrially easily available. A composite is obtained and is highly versatile.
- various metal oxides such as transition metal oxides, rare earth oxides, alumina, and magnesium oxide can be applied as the types of metal oxide nanocrystals bonded to the silica nanofiber surface. Moreover, it is excellent in durability from the viewpoint of being a composite comprising an inorganic substance / metal oxide. Therefore, the silica nanofiber / metal oxide nanocrystal composite of the present invention can be expected to be applied in a wide range.
- application areas related to titanium oxide, photocatalyst, solar cell, sterilization, antibacterial, antiviral, water purification, application to deodorant materials, zinc oxide is applied to light emitting materials, and other oxides are related to fluorescence It can be applied as a material, a catalyst material for organic chemical reaction, an insulating material, a dielectric material, a magnetic material, a stimulus responsive material, a sensor and the like.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of the composite 20-SNF @ LPEI / 5-TiO 2 obtained in Example 1 observed with a scanning microscope.
- FIG. 3 is an observation photograph of the composite 20-SNF @ LPEI / 5-TiO 2 obtained in Example 1 with a transmission microscope.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction measurement result of a fired composite 20-SNF / 5-TiO 2 obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an observation photograph of a composite 20-SNF / 5-TiO 2 after firing obtained in Example 1 with a transmission microscope.
- 3 is a result of X-ray diffraction measurement of a composite 20-SNF / WO 3 after firing obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. From the bottom, 20-SNF / 1-WO 3 , 20-SNF / 3-WO 3 , 20-SNF / 5-WO 3 , 20-SNF / 6-WO 3 . 2 is a photograph of 20-SNF / 3-WO 3 after firing obtained in Example 2 observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- Example 4 is an observation photograph of a composite of silica nanofiber / titanium oxide / tungsten oxide nanocrystal obtained in Example 3 with a transmission electron microscope. It is the observation photograph in the scanning electron microscope (top) and the transmission electron microscope (bottom) of the composite of the silica nanofiber / zinc oxide nanocrystal obtained in Example 4. It is the light emission image photograph (a) and fluorescence / excitation spectrum (b) of the composite powder of silica nanofiber / zinc oxide nanocrystal of Example 5 under black light irradiation. Luminescent properties using a processed film made of silica nanofibers / zinc oxide nanocrystals and polyethylene prepared in Example 6. a) A commercially available ultraviolet light chip.
- a support is usually required.
- the support in order to control the metal oxide nanocrystals to 10 nm or less or the quantum dot size level, it is desirable that the support itself has a one-dimensionally stretched nanofiber structure.
- the nanofiber component is silica, there are countless silanols on the surface. This is a convenient binding site for bonding metal oxide nanocrystals. That is, it is possible to obtain a composite having a nano-interface consisting of “nano-to-nano” between silica of nanofiber and metal oxide of nanocrystal.
- a process already developed by the present inventors was used as a method for constructing a silica nanofiber as a support. That is, by utilizing the property that a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton grows into a nanofibrous crystal in water, silica is precipitated on the nanofibrous crystal of the polymer. A disk-shaped structure in which nanofibers combined with a polymer were used as the primary structure and entangled two-dimensionally was produced.
- the metal compound selectively undergoes a hydrolysis reaction on the nanofiber surface in the disk-shaped structure. Designed to deposit metal oxide. Thereafter, by firing the structure, the organic component is removed and the bond between the metal oxide nanocrystal and the silica nanofiber is ensured.
- the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in the present invention refers to a linear polymer skeleton having an ethyleneimine unit of a secondary amine as a main structural unit.
- structural units other than ethyleneimine units may exist, but in order to form crystalline polymer nanofibers, a constant chain length of the polymer chain is composed of continuous ethyleneimine units. It is preferable.
- the length of the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton is not particularly limited as long as the polymer having the skeleton can form a crystalline polymer nanofiber, but in order to suitably form a crystalline polymer nanofiber,
- the number of repeating units of ethyleneimine units in the skeleton is preferably 10 or more, particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 10,000.
- the polymer used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in its structure. Even if the overall shape is linear, star-like or comb-like, it is crystalline in an aqueous medium. Any material can be used as long as it can provide polymer nanofibers.
- these linear, star-shaped or comb-shaped polymers are composed of a block copolymer of a block composed of a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton and another polymer block, even if composed only of the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton. It may be a thing.
- Other polymer blocks include, for example, water-soluble polymer blocks such as polyethylene glycol, polypropionylethyleneimine, polyacrylamide, or polystyrene, polyoxazoline polyphenyloxazoline, polyoctyloxazoline, polydodecyloxazoline, polyacrylates Hydrophobic polymer blocks such as polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate can be used. By using a block copolymer with these other polymer blocks, the shape of the crystalline polymer nanofiber can be adjusted.
- the proportion of the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in the polymer is not particularly limited as long as it can form a crystalline polymer nanofiber,
- the proportion of the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in the polymer is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, and even more preferably 50 mol% or more.
- the polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton is a polymer having a linear skeleton composed of polyoxazolines serving as a precursor thereof (hereinafter abbreviated as a precursor polymer) under acidic conditions or alkaline conditions. It can be easily obtained by hydrolysis. Therefore, the overall shape of a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton such as a linear shape, a star shape, or a comb shape can be easily designed by controlling the shape of the precursor polymer. Further, the degree of polymerization and the terminal structure can be easily adjusted by controlling the degree of polymerization and the terminal functional group of the precursor polymer.
- the precursor polymer is used as a block copolymer, and the linear skeleton composed of polyoxazolines in the precursor is selectively hydrolyzed. Can be obtained at
- the polymer used in the present invention has crystallinity. That is, when the polymer is dissolved in hot water at 80 ° C. or higher and then cooled, an aggregate is formed while spontaneously crystallizing.
- crystallization is carried out in an aqueous medium in the presence of ice, but this method effectively suppresses the growth of crystalline polymer nanofibers, Compared with nanofibers obtained by this slow cooling method, the diameter is remarkably small and can be controlled to around 10 nm.
- the composite of the present invention uses an association of crystalline nanofibers having a small diameter formed by the polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in the presence of ice as a template, and performs a sol-gel reaction of alkoxysilane in an aqueous medium.
- the disk-like structure of the structure is a basic structure.
- the composite nanofiber is in the form of a fiber, has a thickness of 5 to 20 nm, and an aspect ratio of 10 or more. Preferably, the aspect ratio is 100 or more. They are two-dimensionally entangled and are characterized by forming a disk-like structure having a net structure like an “instant ramen”.
- the diameter of the disk-like structure can be controlled in the range of 5 to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the disc shape does not need to be a complete circle but indicates a two-dimensional spread. Therefore, the diameter mentioned here is a value obtained by reading the longest part from a micrograph in a plate-like structure having a two-dimensional extension.
- the length in the vertical direction of the plate-like structure having a two-dimensional extension is expressed as the thickness of the disk-like structure, and in the present invention, the thickness can be controlled in the range of 50 to 500 nm. it can.
- the metal oxide is preferably an oxide having semiconductor properties.
- titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, barium oxide, iron oxide, zirconia, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, niobium oxide, cadmium oxide, tantalum oxide, alumina, and the like can be given.
- zinc oxide has a strong light-emitting property after becoming a composite, and zinc oxide is preferably used in the case of making a light-emitting body.
- the metal oxide is a nanocrystal having a size in the range of 2 to 10 nm, and is particularly characterized by a quantum dot size range.
- the metal oxide nanocrystal is characterized by being fixed on a silica nanofiber forming a disk-like structure.
- the immobilization is due to Si—OM (M is a metal ion) bond between the different phases of the silica phase and the metal oxide phase.
- the basic principle of this technique is to spontaneously grow a crystalline aggregate of a polyethyleneimine skeleton-containing polymer in an aqueous solution.
- a crystalline aggregate Once a crystalline aggregate is formed, the dispersion of the crystalline aggregate is simply A silica source is mixed therein, and the deposition of silica on the surface of the crystalline aggregate is naturally left (so-called sol-gel reaction).
- the silica-containing nanostructure obtained by this method basically has a nanofiber as a unit for structure formation.
- irregular aggregation occurs in the crystalline aggregate, and the structure of the silica induced thereby is disturbed.
- step (I) a step of associating a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton in an aqueous medium in the presence of ice, (II) By adding alkoxysilane to the aqueous medium in which the aggregate obtained in step (I) is present, the aggregate is formed as a core and silica forms a composite nanofiber.
- Step of obtaining polymer crystal dispersion In the production method of the present invention, a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton was dissolved in hot water, and the conventional method of growing polymer crystals while naturally cooling it to room temperature was changed, and dissolved in hot water. A polymer solution is mixed with an aqueous medium in the presence of ice at once, and polymer crystals are grown in an instant. The polymer crystal thus obtained exhibits fluidity in the liquid. That is, it becomes a dispersion of crystal.
- the polymer concentration in hot water is preferably 0.5 to 10 wt%, more preferably 1 to 5 wt%.
- the temperature of the polymer hot water solution may be 70 to 100 ° C., preferably 75 to 85 ° C.
- the mass ratio of the hot polymer aqueous solution and ice may be in the range of 10/90 to 90/10.
- the aqueous medium is a general term for a mixed solvent of only water and a hydrophilic organic solvent that can be arbitrarily mixed with water and water such as methanol and ethanol.
- the use ratio of the organic solvent used in combination is preferably 30% by mass or less, and more preferably water alone.
- the hot water solution of the polymer is previously added to a container containing ice and an aqueous medium, and the hot water solution of the polymer is mixed with ice. Any method of adding an aqueous medium may be used.
- the temperature of the mixed solution after mixing the hot polymer aqueous solution and ice is preferably in the range of 3 to 15 ° C., more preferably 10 ° C. or less.
- Step of obtaining composite nanofiber of polymer and silica By adding alkoxysilane, which is a silica source, to the above dispersion of polymer crystals in a milk state and stirring it at room temperature (20 to 20 ° C.), the composite nanofiber in which the polymer and silica are hybridized is added. An aggregate (that is, a disk-like structure) can be obtained.
- the stirring time may be in the range of 10 to 60 minutes, and 20 to 40 minutes is usually sufficient.
- alkoxysilane that can be used here, those usually used for sol-gel reaction are suitable.
- tetramethoxysilane an oligomer of a methoxysilane condensate
- an oligomer of tetraethoxysilane an ethoxysilane condensate
- ethoxysilane condensate can be suitably used.
- alkyl-substituted alkoxysilanes such as methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, iso-propyltrimethoxysilane, iso-propyltriethoxysilane, etc., 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycid Xylpropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercap
- the thickness of the composite nanofiber obtained above also depends on the concentration of alkoxysilane added. In order to obtain relatively thin composite nanofibers, it is preferable that the alkoxysilane concentration is lower. In order to obtain a thick composite nanofiber, it is desirable to increase the alkoxysilane concentration.
- the amount (mass) of silicon in the alkoxysilane is 1 to 1.5 times the polymer (mass).
- the thickness of the composite nanofiber can be increased to 15 nm or more.
- the sol-gel reaction that gives the composite nanofiber does not occur in an aqueous liquid phase in an aqueous medium containing water or a hydrophilic organic solvent, but proceeds only on the surface of the polymer crystal. Therefore, the reaction conditions can be arbitrarily selected as long as the polymer crystal is not dissolved.
- the medium is most preferably water alone, but it may contain a hydrophilic organic solvent that can be arbitrarily mixed with water.
- the ratio of water in the medium is preferably 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 40% by mass or more.
- composite nanofibers can be suitably obtained if the amount of alkoxysilane that is a silica source is excessive with respect to ethyleneimine that is a monomer unit of polyethyleneimine.
- the degree of excess is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 times equivalent to ethyleneimine, and in order to control the thickness of the resulting composite nanofiber to around 10 nm, the amount of alkoxysilane is relative to ethyleneimine.
- a range of 1 to 10 times equivalent is more preferable.
- the concentration of the polymer crystal (aggregate) in the sol-gel reaction solution is preferably 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the amount of the polyethyleneimine skeleton contained in the polymer.
- Step of obtaining polymer / silica nanofiber / metal oxide composite In the composite nanofiber, a solution of the hydrolyzable metal compound (C) is mixed or brought into contact with the composite nanofiber aggregate (disk-like structure) obtained by combining the polymer and silica obtained in the above process. Due to the catalytic effect of the ethyleneimine unit, a metal oxide can be deposited on the silica surface portion.
- the metal compound (C) can be used as an aqueous solution or an aqueous solution containing alcohols.
- concentration of the solution is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 to 80 wt%, and more preferably 1 to 40 wt%.
- the amount (mass basis) of the metal compound (C) used may be the same or excessive with respect to the composite nanofiber made of polymer and silica.
- the reaction time for precipitation of the metal oxide (A ′) by the above hydrolysis is generally 10 minutes to 5 hours, although it depends on the type and concentration of the metal compound (C) used as a raw material.
- a continuous flow method can be used in addition to the batch method. That is, a method of filling a composite nanofiber aggregate into a column-shaped container in a dry or wet manner and flowing a solution of the metal compound (C) into the container may be used.
- the composite nanofibers are dispersed in water or an organic solvent, and this is packed in a column, and a solution of the metal compound (C) having a volume of about 10 times the total volume of the composite nanofibers is circulated in a column. It is a method to let it pass.
- the number of circulations may be 3 to 10 times or more.
- Examples of the metal compound (C) include metal alkoxides, metal acetates, metal nitrates, and metal chlorides, which form a metal oxide (A ′) through a hydrolysis reaction.
- Examples of the metal compound (C) include metal alkoxides such as titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cadmium, tantalum, and aluminum.
- the type of alkoxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, and the like.
- a part of the alkoxy group may be ⁇ -diketone, ⁇ -ketoester, alkanol. It may be an alkoxide derivative substituted with an amine, an alkyl alkanolamine or the like. These metal alkoxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- acetates of metals such as titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cadmium, tantalum, and aluminum can also be suitably used.
- it may be a nitrate or chloride of a metal such as titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cadmium, tantalum, and aluminum.
- a metal such as titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cadmium, tantalum, and aluminum.
- a mixed solution of a plurality of types can be used as the metal compound (C).
- solutions of different metal compounds (C) can be sequentially mixed or contacted.
- the composite body composed of silica nanofibers / metal oxide nanocrystals which is the object of the present invention, is obtained by thermally firing the structure in which the metal oxide is deposited on the surface of the composite nanofiber aggregate obtained above. Obtainable.
- the firing temperature range may be set to 400 ° C. or higher, preferably 1250 ° C. or lower, and more preferably set to 450 to 900 ° C. because the polymer component in the composite nanofiber can be efficiently removed. From the firing process, the crystallization of the metal oxide proceeds, and as the nanocrystals grow, Si—OM bonds are also formed at the interface between the silica and the metal oxide.
- Calcination is preferably performed in an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere in order to increase polymer removal efficiency and crystal growth efficiency.
- the firing time is generally 1 hour to 5 hours, although it depends on the temperature.
- conditions such as temperature rise rate and holding time at a constant temperature can be set by a temperature program.
- the amine compound is adsorbed to the composite of silica nanofibers / metal oxide nanocrystals obtained by firing, or simultaneously with the adsorption, the same or different metal as the metal compound used in the above step
- the same or different metal as the metal compound used in the above step
- the adsorbed amine compound can be removed, and the newly deposited metal oxide can be made into nanocrystals, and the metal oxide nanocrystals in the composite can be converted into nanocrystals. The content can be effectively increased.
- the amine compound that can be used at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can hydrolyze the metal compound (C). It should be a polyamine such as linear or branched polyalkyleneimine, polyarylamine, and polyvinylamine, or a low molecular amine such as ethylenediamine, diaminoethylamine, and aminoethanol because the decomposition reaction can be further promoted. preferable.
- the method for adsorbing these amine compounds to silica nanofibers is not particularly limited. For example, the amine compounds are immersed in an aqueous medium solution of 1 to 20% by mass of the amine compound, and are used for 30 minutes to 1 day at room temperature.
- Adsorption can be achieved by stirring at 100 ° C. or lower. It may be brought into contact with the metal oxide (C) simultaneously with this adsorption step, or may be brought into contact with the metal oxide (C) again after the adsorption. The contact with the metal oxide (C) and the subsequent firing step are the same as described above.
- Luminescent body composed of silica nanofiber / zinc oxide nanocrystal composite In the solid powder of the silica nanofiber / zinc oxide nanocrystal composite obtained by the above-described method, the quantum oxide size of zinc oxide nanoparticles is baked on the surface of the silica nanofiber in the structure, and the nanoparticle between the silica and the zinc oxide heterogeneous phase is baked. An interface is formed. This suppresses the excitation energy from being converted to a non-radiative transition state when the zinc oxide is photoexcited (ultraviolet light irradiation), and can be efficiently emitted as light energy. That is, the emission quantum yield is higher than that of ordinary zinc oxide nanoparticles. Accordingly, the function as a light emitter is improved.
- the silica nanofiber / zinc oxide nanocrystal composite has higher emission intensity than pure zinc oxide even if the internal zinc oxide content is around 10% by mass.
- This composite can be dispersed in a transparent plastic, glass or the like and molded.
- the molded plate-like, sheet, or film-like structure is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, visible light can be extracted from the structure, and it can be confirmed that it has a function as a light emitter.
- SNF @ LPEI Linear Polyethyleneimine Composite Nanofiber
- the powder was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and 500 mL of 15% ammonia water was added dropwise to the solution while stirring. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight, and then the precipitated polymer aggregate powder was filtered, and the polymer aggregate powder was washed three times with cold water. The washed crystal powder was dried in a desiccator at room temperature to obtain linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) powder. The yield was 22 g (containing crystal water). In polyethyleneimine obtained by hydrolysis of polyoxazoline, only the side chain reacts and the main chain does not change. Therefore, the degree of polymerization of LPEI is similar to about 500 before hydrolysis.
- the aggregate in the colloidal liquid obtained by the ice cooling method showed the crystallinity of LPEI.
- the diffraction peak intensity was weaker than that of the crystal obtained by the usual slow cooling method, and it was confirmed that the crystal size was suppressed.
- Example 1 100 g of 5 vol% TC310 (water-soluble titanium lactate) was added to 1 g of each of the four types of aggregates of 5-SNF @ LPEI, 10-SNF @ LPEI, 20-SNF @ LPEI, and 50-SNF @ LPEI obtained above. , Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and agitated lightly and left at room temperature (20-25 ° C.) for 2 hours. Then, white powder was obtained through centrifugation, washing with distilled water, and drying overnight at room temperature. When the powder obtained using 20-SNF @ LPEI was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was confirmed to be an assembly of composite nanofibers and a structure in which titanium oxide was composited on the surface ( FIG. 4). As a result of fluorescent X-ray elemental analysis, it was suggested that the higher the LPEI content in the used composite nanofiber (SNF @ LPEI), the easier the titanium oxide was deposited and the greater the amount deposited (Table 2).
- Example 2 ⁇ Silica nanofiber / tungsten oxide nanocrystal composite> After adding 0.2 g of the composite nanofiber 20-SNF @ LPEI aggregate powder obtained in the synthesis example to 20 ml of 0.01M, 0.03M, 0.05M, 0.06M tungsten chloride-ethanol solution, and gently stirring And left at room temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, it was washed with centrifugal separation / distilled water and dried overnight at room temperature to obtain a light purple powder. It was confirmed that the amount of tungsten oxide deposited by fluorescent X-ray elemental analysis was improved by increasing the tungsten chloride concentration (Table 3).
- Example 3 Composite of silica nanofiber / titanium oxide / tungsten oxide nanocrystal> 0.5 g of the composite nanofiber 10-SNF @ LPEI aggregate powder obtained in the synthesis example was added to 100 ml of an ethanol solution of 2% by volume titanium (IV) tetraethoxide, and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour with stirring. Thereafter, 4 ml of an ethanol solution of 0.25M tungsten chloride was added and further reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. The powder was washed with ethanol in a centrifuge and then vacuum-dried and baked at 600 ° C. for 1 hour.
- this composite was composed of 6 wt% tungsten oxide, 52 wt% titanium oxide, and 42 wt% silica.
- the composite was an aggregate of fibers having a diameter of about 15 nm, and black spots of metal oxide nanocrystals were observed on the fiber surface (FIG. 10).
- Example 4 ⁇ Silica nanofiber / Zinc oxide nanocrystal composite> 0.5 g of the composite nanofiber 10-SNF @ LPEI aggregate powder obtained in the synthesis example was mixed with 10 mL of Zn (OAc) 2 aqueous solution (0.1 mol / L) and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. The powder was washed and dried and then calcined at 400 ° C. for 1 hour. This powder was again mixed with 20 mL of Zn (NO 3 ) 2 aqueous solution (0.1 mol / L) and 5 mL of polyethyleneimine (SP-200, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai) aqueous solution (0.2 mol / L). Stir at 90 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- Zn (OAc) 2 aqueous solution 0.1 mol / L
- SP-200 polyethyleneimine
- the powder was washed with water and ethanol and then dried at room temperature.
- the dried powder was fired at 500 ° C. for 3 hours.
- As a result of X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis it was confirmed that 13.9% of zinc oxide was contained. From the transmission electron microscope observation, the black spot derived from the zinc oxide was confirmed on the surface of the silica nanofiber (FIG. 11). Its size was 2-3 nm.
- Example 5 Light Emitter of Composite of Silica Nanofiber / Zinc Oxide Nanocrystal>
- silica nanofiber / zinc oxide nanocrystal composite powder obtained in Example 4 is irradiated with black light, it shines vividly (FIG. 12a).
- the fluorescence wavelength ranged from 400 to 600 nm, and the fluorescence intensity was very strong (FIG. 12b).
- Example 6 ⁇ Silica Nanofiber / Zinc Oxide Nanocrystal and Film-Type Luminescent Body Comprising Polyethylene> After 10 parts of the composite powder obtained by the method of Example 4 were mixed with 90 parts of polyethylene, it was put into a twin-screw kneader (Technobel, KZW15TW-45MG-NH-700) at 250 ° C. The mixture was melt kneaded for 15 minutes under heating. After completion of the kneading, the blend sample was taken out from the kneading chamber, cooled and solidified by sandwiching it between two iron plates, and formed into a film having a thickness of about 2 mm.
- a twin-screw kneader Technobel, KZW15TW-45MG-NH-700
- FIGS. 13b and 13c are light images in the lighting state. It can be seen that the light of the chip after capping is much brighter than without the cap. Further, visible light centered on 500 nm appears in the wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the light after capping (FIG. 13d), but the light intensity before capping is weak and no wavelength in the visible light range was observed (FIG. 13d). 13e). This suggests that the film containing the composite powder is effective for ultraviolet absorption illumination applications.
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Abstract
Description
(I)直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーを、氷の存在下、水性媒体中で会合させる工程、
(II)工程(I)で得られた会合体が存在している水性媒体にアルコキシシランを加えることにより、前記会合体を芯とし、シリカがこれを被覆する複合ナノファイバーを形成させるとともに、該複合ナノファイバーが自発的に網構造の円盤状構造体を形成する工程、
(III)工程(II)で得られた円盤状構造体と、加水分解可能な金属化合物(C)とを水性媒体中で混合し、円盤状構造体を形成している複合ナノファイバーの表面に金属酸化物(A’)を析出させる工程、
(IV)工程(III)で得られた、金属酸化物(A’)が複合ナノファイバー表面に析出している円盤状構造体を400~1200℃で焼成し、該複合ナノファイバー中のポリマーを除去してシリカナノファイバー(B)としながら、金属酸化物(A’)をナノ結晶とし、前記シリカナノファイバー(B)へ該金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)を結合させる工程、
を有することを特徴とする、シリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶の複合体の製造方法を提供するものである。
本発明でいう直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格とは、二級アミンのエチレンイミン単位を主たる構造単位とする直鎖状のポリマー骨格をいう。該骨格中においては、エチレンイミン単位以外の構造単位が存在していてもよいが、結晶性のポリマーナノファイバーを形成させるためには、ポリマー鎖の一定鎖長が連続的なエチレンイミン単位からなることが好ましい。該直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格の長さは、該骨格を有するポリマーが結晶性ポリマーナノファイバーを形成できる範囲であれば特に制限されないが、好適に結晶性のポリマーナノファイバーを形成するためには、該骨格部分のエチレンイミン単位の繰り返し単位数が10以上であることが好ましく、20~10,000の範囲であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の複合体は、前記直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーが氷の存在下で形成する直径の小さな結晶性ナノファイバーの会合体をテンプレートとして用い、水性媒体中でアルコキシシランのゾルゲル反応を行うことにより得られる、該会合体を芯とし、シリカがこれを被覆してなる複合ナノファイバー(以下、複合ナノファイバーと略記する。)を形成しながら、それらが絡み合って自発的に形成する網構造の円盤状構造体を基本的な構造とする。
本発明の複合体において金属酸化物は、半導体性質を有する酸化物であることが好ましい。例えば、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化タングステン、酸化バリウム、酸化鉄、ジルコニア、酸化マンガン、酸化コバルト、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化カドミウム、酸化タンタル、アルミナなどを挙げることができる。特に酸化亜鉛は、複合体となった後の発光性が強く、発光体とする場合には、酸化亜鉛を用いることが好ましい。
本発明者らは既に、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーが水性媒体中で自己組織化的に成長する結晶性会合体を反応場にし、溶液中でその会合体表面にてアルコキシシランを加水分解的に縮合させ、シリカを析出させることで複雑形状のシリカ含有ナノ構造体構築技術を提供した(特開2005-264421号公報、特開2005-336440号公報、特開2006-063097号公報、特開2007-051056号公報参照。)。
(I)直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーを、氷の存在下、水性媒体中で会合させる工程、
(II)工程(I)で得られた会合体が存在している水性媒体にアルコキシシランを加えることにより、前記会合体を芯とし、シリカがこれを被覆する複合ナノファイバーを形成させるとともに、該複合ナノファイバーが自発的に網構造の円盤状構造体を形成する工程、
(III)工程(II)で得られた円盤状構造体と、加水分解可能な金属化合物(C)とを水性媒体中で混合し、円盤状構造体を形成している複合ナノファイバーの表面に金属酸化物(A’)を析出させる工程、
(IV)工程(III)で得られた、金属酸化物(A’)が複合ナノファイバー表面に析出している円盤状構造体を400~1250℃で焼成し、該複合ナノファイバー中のポリマーを除去してシリカナノファイバー(B)としながら、金属酸化物(A’)をナノ結晶とし、前記シリカナノファイバー(B)へ該金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)を結合させる工程、
において、特に第一工程(I)でのポリエチレンイミン骨格含有ポリマーの結晶生長工程を効率的に制御することが重要である。
本発明の製造方法においては、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーを熱水中溶解させ、それを室温まで自然に冷却しながらポリマー結晶を成長させる従来の方式を変え、熱水中溶解されたポリマー溶液を、氷の存在下で水性媒体と一気に混合させ、ポリマー結晶を一瞬で成長させるものである。これで得られるポリマー結晶体は液中で流動性を示す。即ち、結晶体の分散液となる。
上記のミルク状態のポリマー結晶体の分散液中に、シリカソースであるアルコキシシランを加え、それを室温(20~20℃)で攪拌することで、ポリマーとシリカとがハイブリッドされた複合ナノファイバーの集合体(即ち、円盤状構造体)を得ることができる。攪拌時間は10~60分の範囲であればよく、通常、20~40分で十分である。
上記工程で得られたポリマーとシリカとが複合した複合ナノファイバーの集合体(円盤状構造体)に、加水分解可能な金属化合物(C)の溶液を混合または接触させることで、複合ナノファイバー中のエチレンイミンユニットの触媒効果により、シリカ表面部分に金属酸化物を析出させることができる。
上記で得た複合ナノファイバーの集合体の表面に金属酸化物が析出している構造体を熱焼成することで、本発明の目的物であるシリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶からなる複合体を得ることができる。
上述の方法で得られるシリカナノファイバー/酸化亜鉛ナノ結晶複合体の固体粉末は、その構造中に、量子ドッドサイズレベルの酸化亜鉛ナノ粒子がシリカナノファイバー表面に焼き付けされ、シリカと酸化亜鉛異相間にナノ界面が形成されている。このことが、酸化亜鉛が光励起(紫外光照射)された際、その励起エネルギーが無輻射遷移状態に変換されることを抑制し、光エネルギーとして効率的に放出させることができる。即ち、普通の酸化亜鉛ナノ粒子よりも発光量子収率が高くなる。従って、発光体として機能が向上する。
単離乾燥した試料を測定試料用ホルダーにのせ、それを株式会社リガク製広角X線回折装置「Rint-Ultma」にセットし、Cu/Kα線、40kV/30mA、スキャンスピード1.0°/分、走査範囲10~70°の条件で測定を行った。
単離乾燥した試料を測定パッチにより秤量し、それをSIIナノ技術示差走査熱量分析測定装置(TG-TDA6300)にセットし、昇温速度を10℃/分として、20℃から800℃の温度範囲にて測定を行った。
単離乾燥した試料をガラススライドに載せ、それをキーエンス社製表面観察装置VE-7800にて観察した。
エタノールで分散された試料をサンプル支持膜に載せ、それを日本電子株式会社製透過型電子顕微鏡装置(JEM-2000FS)にて観察した。
[シリカと線状ポリエチレンイミンとの複合ナノファイバー(SNF@LPEI)とその会合体の合成]
<線状のポリエチレンイミン(LPEI)の合成>
市販のポリエチルオキサゾリン(平均分子量50,000,平均重合度約500,Aldrich社製)30gを、5Mの塩酸水溶液150mLに溶解させた。その溶液をオイルバスにて90℃に加熱し、その温度で10時間攪拌した。反応液にアセトン500mLを加え、ポリマーを完全に沈殿させ、それを濾過し、メタノールで3回洗浄し、白色のポリエチレンイミンの粉末を得た。得られた粉末を1H-NMR(重水)にて同定したところ、ポリエチルオキサゾリンの側鎖エチル基に由来したピーク1.2ppm(CH3)と2.3ppm(CH2)が完全に消失していることが確認された。即ち、ポリエチルオキサゾリンが完全に加水分解され、ポリエチレンイミンに変換されたことが示された。
上記で得られたLPEI粉末を10g秤量し、それを500gの蒸留水中に分散させてLPEI分散液を作成した。これら分散液をオイルバスにて、90℃に加熱し、濃度が2%の完全透明な水溶液を得た。激しく攪拌しながらその熱水溶液に500gの小切り氷を一気に加えた。このときの水媒体の温度は4℃であった。これにより、LPEIの透明水溶液は一瞬で濁り、不透明のミルク状コロイド液に変化した(LPEIの濃度は事実上1%になった)。X線回折の測定結果(図1)、氷冷法で得たコロイド液中の会合体はLPEIの結晶性を示した。しかしながら、回折ピーク強度は通常の緩冷法で得た結晶に比べて弱く、結晶サイズが抑制されたことを確認した。
上記で得た5-SNF@LPEI、10-SNF@LPEI、20-SNF@LPEI、50-SNF@LPEIの4種類の会合体のそれぞれの粉末1gを100mlの5体積%TC310(水溶性乳酸チタン、松本製薬工業株式会社製)の水溶液に加え、軽く攪拌した後、室温(20~25℃)で2時間放置した。その後、遠心分離、蒸留水洗浄、室温一晩乾燥を経て、白色の粉末を得た。20-SNF@LPEIを用いて得られた粉末を走査型電子顕微鏡にて観察したところ、複合ナノファイバーの集合体であってその表面に酸化チタンが複合している構造であることを確認した(図4)。蛍光X線元素分析の結果、用いた複合ナノファイバー(SNF@LPEI)中のLPEI含有量が高いほど、酸化チタンが析出しやすく、析出量も多くなる傾向が示唆された(表2)。
<シリカナノファイバー/酸化タングステンナノ結晶の複合体>
合成例で得た複合ナノファイバー20-SNF@LPEI会合体の粉末0.2gを20mlの0.01M、0.03M、0.05M、0.06M塩化タングステン-エタノール溶液に加え、軽く攪拌した後、室温で2時間放置した。その後、遠心分離・蒸留水で洗浄、室温で一晩乾燥し、薄い紫色の粉末を得た。蛍光X線元素分析による酸化タングステンの析出量が、塩化タングステン濃度の増大により向上することを確認した(表3)。
<シリカナノファイバー/酸化チタン・酸化タングステンナノ結晶の複合体>
合成例で得た複合ナノファイバー10-SNF@LPEI会合体の粉末0.5gを100mlの2体積%チタン(IV)テトラエトキシドのエタノール溶液中に加え、室温で攪拌しながら1時間反応させた後、4mlの0.25M塩化タングステンのエタノール溶液を加え、さらに室温で1時間反応させた。粉末を遠心分離機にてエタノールで洗浄後、真空乾燥し、それを600℃で1時間焼成した。蛍光X線元素分析結果、この複合体は、6wt%の酸化タングステン、52wt%の酸化チタン、42wt%のシリカで構成されていることがわかった。透過電子顕微鏡の観察結果、複合体は直径が15nm前後であるファイバーの集合体であり、そのファイバー表面上に黒い斑点の金属酸化物ナノ結晶が観察された(図10)。
<シリカナノファイバー/酸化亜鉛ナノ結晶の複合体>
合成例で得た複合ナノファイバー10-SNF@LPEI会合体の粉末0.5gを10mLのZn(OAc)2水溶液(0.1mol/L)と混合し、室温下1時間反応した。粉末を洗浄乾燥後、400℃で1時間焼成した。この粉末を再び20mLのZn(NO3)2水溶液(0.1mol/L)と5mLのポリエチレンイミン(SP-200、日本触媒製)水溶液(0.2mol/L)と混合し、この混合物を80℃で90分攪拌した。粉末を水、エタノールで洗浄後、室温乾燥した。乾燥後の粉末を500℃にて3時間焼成した。蛍光X線元素分析結果、酸化亜鉛が13.9%含まれていることを確認した。透過電子顕微鏡観察から、シリカナノファイバー表面に酸化亜鉛由来の黒い斑点を確認した(図11)。その大きさは、2-3nmであった。
実施例4によって得られるシリカナノファイバー/酸化亜鉛ナノ結晶の複合体の粉末にブラックライトを当てると、鮮やかに光る(図12a)。さらに、当該粉末を2枚の石英ガラス板に挟んで、F-4500型蛍光分光計(日立社製)にて、蛍光スペクトルを測定した(スリット条件:Ex=2.5nm,Em=2.5nm)。蛍光の波長は400~600nm範囲にわたり、その蛍光強度は非常に強かった(図12b)。
実施例4の方法で得られた複合体からなる粉末10部をポリエチレン90部と混ぜ合わせた後、それを二軸混練機(テクノベル製、KZW15TW-45MG-NH-700)に投入し、250℃加熱条件下15分間溶融混練した。混練終了後、ブレンド試料を混練チャンバーから取りだし,二枚の鉄板に挟んで冷却固化し、厚さ約2mm程度のフィルムに成形した。そのフィルムを市販の紫外光チップ(図13a)のキャップとして用い、キャップする前後のチップ点灯状態での明かりイメージ写真観察及びその明かりの波長測定を[USB4000分光器(Ocean Optics社製)]を行なった。図13b,cは点灯状態での明かりイメージである。キャップした後のチップの明かりはキャップなしより非常に明るく光ることがわかる。さらに、キャップ後明かりの反射スペクトルの波長には、500nmを中心にした可視光が現れるが(図13d)、キャップ前の明かり強度が弱く、可視光範囲での波長は全く観測されなかった(図13e)。このことは、当該複合体からなる粉末を含むフィルムは紫外線吸収型照明用途に有効であることを示唆する。
Claims (9)
- 金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)が、網構造の円盤状構造体を形成しているシリカナノファイバー(B)に結合されてなるシリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶の複合体を製造する方法であって、
(I)直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーを、氷の存在下、水性媒体中で会合させる工程、
(II)工程(I)で得られた会合体が存在している水性媒体にアルコキシシランを加えることにより、前記会合体を芯とし、シリカがこれを被覆する複合ナノファイバーを形成させるとともに、該複合ナノファイバーが自発的に網構造の円盤状構造体を形成する工程、
(III)工程(II)で得られた円盤状構造体と、加水分解可能な金属化合物(C)とを水性媒体中で混合し、円盤状構造体を形成している複合ナノファイバーの表面に金属酸化物(A’)を析出させる工程、
(IV)工程(III)で得られた、金属酸化物(A’)が複合ナノファイバー表面に析出している円盤状構造体を400~1250℃で焼成し、該複合ナノファイバー中のポリマーを除去してシリカナノファイバー(B)としながら、金属酸化物(A’)をナノ結晶とし、前記シリカナノファイバー(B)へ該金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)を結合させる工程、
を有することを特徴とする、シリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶の複合体の製造方法。 - 前記工程(I)が、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーを予め70~100℃の熱水中に0.5~10質量%で溶解させた熱水溶液と氷とを質量割合で10/90~90/10の範囲で混合することによるものである請求項1記載の複合体の製造方法。
- 前記工程(I)が、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格を有するポリマーを予め70~100℃の熱水中に溶解させた熱水溶液と氷とを混合することによるものであって、且つ混合時の水媒体の温度が3~15℃である請求項1又は2記載の複合体の製造方法。
- 前記シリカナノファイバー(B)の太さが5~20nmであり、前記金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)の大きさが2~10nmである請求項1~3の何れか1項記載の複合体の製造方法。
- 前記金属化合物(C)の金属種が、チタン、亜鉛、タングステン、バリウム、鉄、ジルコニウム、コバルト及びマンガンから選ばれる1種以上の金属の酸化物である請求項1~4の何れか1項記載の複合体の製造方法。
- 前記金属化合物(C)が、金属アルコキシド、酢酸金属、硝酸金属又は塩化金属である請求項1~5の何れか1項記載の複合体の製造方法。
- シリカナノファイバーと金属酸化物ナノ結晶との複合体であって、
該複合体の全体形状は、直径5~20μmで厚さが50~500nmの円盤状であり、
且つ該複合体は、表面に2~10nmの大きさの金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)が結合している太さが5~20nmのシリカナノファイバー(B)を基本構造とし、これが絡み合って形成されてなるものであることを特徴とするシリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶の複合体。 - 前記金属酸化物ナノ結晶(A)の金属酸化物が、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化タングステン、酸化バリウム、酸化鉄、ジルコニア、酸化コバルト及び酸化マンガンから選ばれる1種以上の金属酸化物である請求項7記載の複合体。
- 請求項7又は8記載のシリカナノファイバー/金属酸化物ナノ結晶の複合体における金属酸化物が酸化亜鉛であって、紫外線照射下で励起され、可視光域で発光することを特徴とする蛍光体。
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| EP1717273B1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2012-01-04 | Kawamura Institute Of Chemical Research | Organic-inorganic composite nanofiber, organic-inorganic composite structure and method for producing those |
| JP3883556B2 (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2007-02-21 | 財団法人川村理化学研究所 | 有機無機複合ナノファイバ、有機無機複合構造体及びこれらの製造方法 |
| JP3978440B2 (ja) | 2004-05-31 | 2007-09-19 | 財団法人川村理化学研究所 | シリカ/ポリマー/金属複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP3978443B2 (ja) | 2004-08-24 | 2007-09-19 | 財団法人川村理化学研究所 | シリカ/金属錯体複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| KR100666477B1 (ko) | 2005-06-16 | 2007-01-11 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 산화티타늄 나노로드 및 그의 제조방법 |
| JP4101271B2 (ja) | 2005-07-22 | 2008-06-18 | 財団法人川村理化学研究所 | 針状表面微粒子及びその製造方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-11-26 TW TW099140903A patent/TW201129616A/zh unknown
- 2010-11-29 DE DE112010004610T patent/DE112010004610T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-11-29 WO PCT/JP2010/071217 patent/WO2011065521A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2010-11-29 JP JP2011507484A patent/JP4759661B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-11-29 KR KR1020127011174A patent/KR101335492B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-11-29 CN CN2010800542109A patent/CN102648156A/zh active Pending
- 2010-11-29 US US13/512,854 patent/US20120235094A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005116140A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-08 | Kawamura Institute Of Chemical Research | 複合ナノファイバ、複合ナノファイバ会合体、複合構造体及びこれらの製造方法 |
| JP2006213888A (ja) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-17 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 有機無機複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| WO2009031489A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-12 | Kawamura Institute Of Chemical Research | ナノ構造複合体被覆型構造物の製造方法、ナノ構造複合体被覆型構造物及びこれを用いるリアクター |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4759661B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
| DE112010004610T5 (de) | 2013-01-24 |
| KR101335492B1 (ko) | 2013-12-02 |
| US20120235094A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| TW201129616A (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| CN102648156A (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
| JPWO2011065521A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
| KR20120080228A (ko) | 2012-07-16 |
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