WO2011065449A1 - 単糖製造方法 - Google Patents
単糖製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011065449A1 WO2011065449A1 PCT/JP2010/071066 JP2010071066W WO2011065449A1 WO 2011065449 A1 WO2011065449 A1 WO 2011065449A1 JP 2010071066 W JP2010071066 W JP 2010071066W WO 2011065449 A1 WO2011065449 A1 WO 2011065449A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing monosaccharides, and more particularly to a method for producing monosaccharides from lignocellulose raw materials.
- lignocellulose containing lignin As the biomass material, lignocellulose containing lignin, cellulose obtained by removing lignin from lignocellulose, and the like are generally used.
- the lignocellulose raw material include wood such as hardwoods and conifers, agricultural residues such as straw and corn residues, and the cellulose from which lignin has been completely removed includes cellulose as a reagent such as Avicel.
- Lignocellulose raw materials from which lignin has been removed to some extent include hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, mechanical pulp, kenaf and other herb-derived pulp; waste paper, or paper sludge containing pulp fibers recovered from paper pulp mills, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Examples thereof include a pretreatment method for unraveling fibers (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-171858).
- the effect of improving the enzyme reaction by these various substrate pretreatment methods is limited, and is not decisive for cost reduction. For example, when the pulp from which lignin is highly removed is beaten, the effect of improving the enzyme reaction is 1.3 times (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-171858).
- the pretreatment method using acid has the most reports of application, but the main purpose is to remove the lignin component from the lignocellulose raw material, and a step for separating the acid and lignin after the treatment is required.
- the degree of lignin removal affects the enzyme reactivity of the saccharifying enzyme, but there is no report on the enzyme reactivity when the pre-treated reactant is not separated after the treatment, and the behavior of the enzyme during the enzyme reaction.
- attempts have been made to recover and reuse the enzyme after the saccharification reaction, but it is said that the enzyme sticking to the undegraded substrate solid residue is an obstacle to the recovery, and stable enzyme recovery. Is not successful.
- JP-A-59-213396 and JP-A-62-208282 describe that the enzyme adsorbed on the substrate solid residue can be used as it is, while Japanese Patent No. 1299068 and JP-A-63-007781. Describes that a peeling operation from a substrate solid residue is required for enzyme recovery and reuse.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-87319 states that even when a saccharification reaction solution is treated with an ultrafiltration membrane, the fixation of the enzyme to an undegraded residue becomes a problem, and 96% by mass of the total substrate is within the residence time.
- a continuous saccharification reaction method is disclosed in which an enzyme is filtered off by membrane treatment and retained in the reaction system under the conditions of saccharification.
- an increase in the residue due to a decrease in enzyme activity or the like directly leads to instability of the reaction, so that a large limit is imposed on the input amount of enzyme or substrate.
- pulp from which lignin has already been highly removed is used as a substrate, but enzyme adsorption to undegraded residues is still the biggest problem, and it needs to be reduced. .
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a monosaccharide from a lignocellulose raw material in a simple and low-cost manner by making it possible to reduce the amount of enzyme used.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] Obtaining a saccharified solution obtained from a lignocellulose raw material and a saccharifying enzyme, adsorbing and recovering the saccharifying enzyme in the saccharified solution to the lignocellulose raw material, and using the recovered saccharifying enzyme A method for producing monosaccharides, which comprises saccharifying a lignocellulose raw material, and producing a monosaccharide from the lignocellulose raw material. [2] The production method according to [1], wherein the lignocellulose raw material is hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, mechanical pulp, herbaceous pulp, waste paper, paper sludge, or a mixture thereof.
- lignocellulose raw material is a pretreated raw material obtained by a pretreatment comprising the following (a) to (d): (A) obtaining a raw material liquid having a solid content concentration of lignocellulose raw material of 8% by mass to 30% by mass; (B) acidifying the raw material liquid with a mineral acid having a final concentration of 0.2% by mass to 12% by mass; (C) incubating the acidified raw material solution at 80 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 6 hours; (D) adjusting the raw material solution after the incubation to pH 3 to 8 at 20 to 80 ° C.
- the production method according to [8] or [9], comprising adding a saccharifying enzyme, which is an enzyme active component separated to the liquid side during the solid-liquid separation, and performing the re-saccharification.
- a saccharifying enzyme which is an enzyme active component separated to the liquid side during the solid-liquid separation
- the production method according to [10] wherein the saccharifying enzyme of the enzyme active component separated on the liquid side during the solid-liquid separation contains ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the enzyme active ingredient saccharifying enzyme separated on the liquid side is the enzyme active ingredient separated on the saccharifying liquid side in the solid-liquid separation step and recovered by filtration or resin purification [8] Or the manufacturing method as described in [9].
- the method for producing monosaccharides of the present invention includes obtaining a saccharified solution obtained from a lignocellulose raw material and a saccharifying enzyme, and recovering the saccharifying enzyme in the saccharified solution by adsorbing the lignocellulose raw material (hereinafter referred to as “recovery step”). ) And saccharification of the lignocellulose raw material using the recovered saccharifying enzyme (hereinafter also referred to as “re-saccharification step”) to produce a monosaccharide from the lignocellulose raw material It is a monosaccharide manufacturing method.
- the present inventors have studied a method for reducing the cost by increasing the recovery rate of saccharifying enzyme and repeatedly using it, and the enzyme component adsorbed on the substrate or the undegraded substrate residue can be reused as it is without adding a special stripping treatment. Found that it can be used.
- the saccharifying enzyme in the saccharified solution is adsorbed and recovered on the lignocellulose raw material, and the lignocellulose raw material is saccharified using the recovered saccharifying enzyme to obtain a monosaccharide. It can be recovered and the saccharifying enzyme can be used repeatedly. As a result, the amount of the enzyme used for producing the saccharide can be greatly reduced, and the monosaccharide can be produced from the lignocellulose raw material simply and at low cost.
- “monosaccharide” mainly means a monosaccharide composed of one saccharide unit.
- monosaccharide if it is other monosaccharides obtained from glucose or a lignocellulose raw material using a saccharification enzyme, it will be included in the monosaccharide in this invention without a restriction
- the saccharified solution containing the produced monosaccharide may contain an oligosaccharide composed of about 2 to about 100 saccharide units.
- the term “process” is not limited to an independent process, and is included in this term if the intended action of this process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. .
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component that can constitute the composition when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, the plurality present in the composition unless otherwise specified. Means the total amount of substances. The present invention will be described below.
- a saccharified solution obtained from a lignocellulose raw material and a saccharifying enzyme is used.
- the saccharified solution is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained from a lignocellulose raw material and a saccharifying enzyme, but is preferably obtained by producing a monosaccharide from a lignocellulose raw material using a saccharifying enzyme (saccharification step). It is a thing.
- the obtained saccharified solution may be used in the production method, or a saccharification step for obtaining a saccharified solution may be incorporated as one step of the production method.
- the lignocellulose raw material used in the present invention may be a biomass raw material having a low lignin content.
- the low lignin content is a value lower than 30% by mass which is an average lignin content of the biomass raw material, preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less.
- Raw materials with low lignin content include lignocellulosic materials such as conifers, hardwoods, forest residue, construction waste, pruning waste, agricultural waste such as sawdust, kenaf, rice straw, straw, etc.
- Fibers that are highly lignin-removed by methods such as chemical pulp production or organosolv, and fibers mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose are preferred, such as hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, mechanical pulp, kenaf, etc. More preferred is herb-derived pulp, waste paper, or paper sludge (including pulp fibers recovered from a paper pulp mill), or a mixture thereof. With these raw materials, for example, reliable saccharification treatment with a saccharifying enzyme can be performed. In particular, hardwood kraft pulp and softwood kraft pulp are suitable for use, and can be obtained from general pulp manufacturers.
- the lignocellulose raw material used as a substrate in the enzymatic saccharification method of the present invention is preferably a pretreated raw material obtained by pretreatment that is neutralized after heat treatment under acidic conditions, and lignocellulose having a low lignin content. More preferably, the raw material is a pretreatment raw material.
- the pretreatment raw material By pretreating the lignocellulose raw material, enzyme adsorption to the lignocellulose raw material can be accelerated.
- the pretreatment that is heated under acidic conditions and then neutralized the hemicellulose in the biomass raw material is partially decomposed and converted to a monosaccharide such as xylose.
- the reduction of the hemicellulose component from the lignocellulose raw material improves the efficiency of the raw material saccharification by the enzyme and contributes to the subsequent improvement of the enzyme adsorption recovery rate.
- the hemicellulose content is 50% by mass or less of the hemicellulose content before the pretreatment, that is, as the degree of pretreatment, 50% by mass or more of the hemicellulose component is decomposed to a soluble monosaccharide or oligosaccharide. It is more preferable that the by-product of furfural is limited to 1% by mass or less of the dry mass of the lignocellulose raw material.
- furfural by-product By controlling the amount of furfural by-product to 1% by mass or less, contamination of microorganisms in the subsequent enzyme reaction step and enzyme adsorption and recovery step is suppressed without greatly affecting the yield in the saccharification reaction solution. be able to. Since furfural has a relatively low boiling point, it can be easily removed by subjecting the resulting monosaccharide solution to a concentration treatment under reduced pressure. If the hemicellulose content is 50% by mass or less of the hemicellulose content before pretreatment, it is not necessary to remove hemicellulose as much as possible, and 30% by mass or more may remain, or 40% by mass or more may remain.
- the lignocellulose raw material is first diluted with water so that the solid content concentration is 8% by mass to 30% by mass to obtain a raw material liquid. Since the lignocellulose raw material has extremely low solubility, it is prepared as a solid suspension.
- the mineral acid used for the pretreatment is selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination. With these mineral acids, for example, the pretreatment efficiency can be improved. Of these, inexpensive sulfuric acid is suitable for industrial use.
- mineral acid is added to the raw material liquid at a final concentration of 0.2% by mass to 12% by mass to acidify, and the acidified raw material liquid is heated at 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. for 1 hour to 6 hours. Including incubating. More preferably, the solid content concentration of the lignocellulose raw material is 8 mass% to 20 mass%, the mineral acid is added in a final concentration of 0.2 mass% to 5 mass%, and incubated at 90 ° C to 150 ° C for 1 hour to 4 hours. It is preferable to do.
- the reaction vessel used for the pretreatment reaction but a heating pressure vessel having acid resistance or a mode in which a vessel having acid resistance is placed in a heating pressure device such as an autoclave for treatment is conceivable.
- the raw material solution after incubation is adjusted to pH 3-8, preferably pH 4-7, at 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. to prepare a pretreated product of lignocellulose raw material (pretreated raw material).
- pretreated raw material There are no particular limitations on the alkaline reagent for adjusting the pH, and NaOH, KOH, ammonia, or the like can be used.
- the lignocellulose raw material after the pretreatment is still low in solubility and is recovered as a solid suspension.
- the saccharifying enzyme in the present invention means an enzyme that decomposes a lignocellulose raw material into monosaccharide units, as long as it decomposes the lignocellulose raw material into monosaccharides, and has cellulase and hemicellulase activities. I just need it. Any cellulase may be used as long as it decomposes cellulose into glucose, and examples thereof include those having at least one activity of endoglucanase, cellobiohydratase, and ⁇ -glucosidase. Enzymes having each of these activities A mixture is preferred from the viewpoint of enzyme activity.
- the hemicellulase may be any one that decomposes hemicellulose into a monosaccharide such as xylose, and includes those having at least one activity of xylanase, xylosidase, mannanase, pectinase, galactosidase, glucuronidase, and arabinofuranosidase.
- An enzyme mixture having each of these activities is preferable from the viewpoint of enzyme activity.
- the “enzyme active ingredient” means each of these saccharifying enzymes when an enzyme mixture is used, and means the saccharifying enzyme used when a single saccharifying enzyme is used.
- hemicellulases such as filamentous fungi, basidiomycetes, and bacteria can be used.
- various recombinant origins such as Trichoderma genus, Acremonium genus, Aspergillus genus, Irpex genus, Aeromonas genus, Clostridium genus, Bacillus genus, Pseudomonas genus, Penicillium genus, Humicola genus, and / or genes produced A thing can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- cellulase preparations cultures of the above-mentioned bacteria, and filtrates thereof can also be used directly.
- a cellulase having a strong cellulose decomposing power such as a cellulase derived from the genus Trichoderma or Acremonium is preferred.
- Accelerase 1000 (manufactured by Genencor), Accelerase 1500 (manufactured by Genencor), Accelerase XC (manufactured by Genencor), Accelerase XY (manufactured by Genencor), Celluclast (manufactured by NovocCel) ), Cellic HTec (manufactured by Novozymes), Acremonium cellulase (manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.), Mecellase (manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.), Cellulase Amano A (manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.), Cellulase Amano T (Amano Enzyme) Manufactured by Co., Ltd.), cellulase ⁇ Daiwa (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), cell riser (
- the saccharification reaction of the present invention is carried out by adding an enzyme to the lignocellulose raw material and advancing the reaction while stirring.
- an enzyme there are no particular limitations on the reaction vessel used for the saccharification reaction, but it can be stirred so that the charged lignocellulose raw materials and enzymes are sufficiently mixed, and has a temperature control function so as to maintain the optimum temperature of the enzyme used. Is preferred.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 40 ° C. to 55 ° C., for example, in the case of a commercially available enzyme of mold origin typified by Trichoderma.
- the pH of the solution in the saccharification reaction tank is preferably kept at the optimum pH of the enzyme used.
- a pH between 4 and 7 is preferred.
- concentrations of the lignocellulose raw material and the enzyme to be charged in the reaction are not particularly limited.
- a solid content concentration of 8% by mass to 30% by mass is preferable.
- the enzyme to be used may be added in an amount sufficient to efficiently decompose the substrate according to its activity. The amount of the enzyme can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the enzyme.
- the recovery step of the present invention is preferably performed as follows. That is, obtaining a mixed solution of the saccharified solution and the lignocellulose raw material; incubating for a predetermined time; the mixed solution after the incubation is solidified into the saccharified solution and the lignocellulose raw material to which the enzyme is adsorbed as a solid content; It is preferable to include liquid separation; recovering the separated lignocellulose raw material as an enzyme-substrate complex. According to this recovery, 70% by mass or more of the total protein mass of the enzyme active component can be adsorbed and recovered on the solid component.
- the lignocellulose raw material in this step acts as an enzyme adsorbent rather than as an enzyme substrate.
- the total protein mass of the enzyme active component of the saccharifying enzyme is reduced.
- a lignocellulose raw material having a solid content mass of 40 times or more, preferably 200 times or more is used, and incubated at a temperature at which the saccharifying enzyme is stable, for example, 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. for 1 minute to 3 hours. Thereby, the solubilized form of saccharifying enzyme can be efficiently adsorbed to the lignocellulose raw material as a solid content.
- the saccharification reaction may be stopped halfway, and the saccharification enzyme may be adsorbed to an undegraded substrate residue. That is, the saccharification reaction is stopped under conditions where a predetermined amount of lignocellulose raw material remains; the reaction liquid after the reaction is stopped is solid-liquid separated into a saccharified liquid and an unreacted lignocellulose raw material as a solid content. It may be a recovery step including recovering the separated lignocellulose raw material as an enzyme-substrate complex. Thereby, it can adsorb
- the saccharifying enzyme can be effectively recovered in a shorter time by using the pretreatment raw material.
- an untreated lignocellulose raw material that has not been pretreated is used, it is preferably 60 minutes to 120 minutes, while when a pretreated raw material is used, it is preferably 1 minute to 120 minutes. Is preferred.
- the reaction is stopped when the amount of substrate residue in the reaction vessel calculated from the accumulated amount of soluble decomposition monosaccharides and oligosaccharides is less than 200 times the total protein mass of the enzyme active components of the saccharifying enzyme in the reaction vessel. It is preferable to stop the reaction at the time of the partial mass, and it is further preferable to stop the reaction at the time of the solid content mass of 40 times or more.
- a monosaccharide can be sufficiently produced as a saccharification step.
- a sufficient amount of base mass can be secured for adsorption.
- the mass ratio of the substrate residue to the enzyme protein becomes sufficient, and 70% by mass or more of the enzyme protein can be adsorbed.
- the amount of the substrate residue in the reaction vessel may be confirmed by measuring the amount of each monosaccharide or oligosaccharide in the mixed solution or the total amount thereof with a known analyzer such as high performance liquid chromatography. .
- the enzyme adsorbed on the lignocellulose raw material is recovered by separating the saccharified solution and the lignocellulose raw material as solids by centrifuging or roughly filtering the treated liquid, and separating the solids side. To do.
- the lignocellulose raw material adsorbed with the enzyme may be subjected to the saccharification reaction of the next batch as an enzyme-substrate complex.
- the centrifugation or coarse filtration conditions applied to the separation of the saccharified solution and the substrate solids may be the same as the method usually used in the art. For example, in the case of centrifugation, it may be 500 ⁇ g to 10,000 ⁇ g. In the case of rough filtration, it is only necessary to use a filter made of stainless steel, ceramic, or resin and having a mesh size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 mm.
- the enzyme active component separated on the supernatant saccharified solution side in the solid-liquid separation step is preferably recovered and used for re-saccharification.
- the enzyme saccharification reaction can be performed again more stably in the present invention.
- the enzyme component separated on the liquid side is collected by filtration using a membrane from the supernatant saccharified solution, or purified and collected with a resin column for protein purification, and combined with the enzyme component adsorbed and collected on the solid content described above. Then, it may be subjected to the saccharification reaction step of the next batch.
- the saccharification reaction can be continued with the same activity amount as in the saccharification reaction step of the previous batch by not adding the enzyme from the saccharified solution and adding a new enzyme component in a corresponding amount.
- the enzyme components separated on the supernatant saccharified solution side in the solid-liquid separation step mainly contain ⁇ -glucosidase and some endoglucanases. Accordingly, it is preferable from the viewpoint of saccharification efficiency to use ⁇ -glucosidase, endoglucanase or a combination thereof as an additional saccharification enzyme.
- the lignocellulose raw material is saccharified using the saccharifying enzyme recovered in the above-described recovery step (in this specification, sometimes referred to as “re-saccharification”).
- the liquid side separated enzyme recovered in the above solid-liquid separation step is added.
- the recovered enzyme mixture In order to perform re-saccharification using the saccharification enzyme adsorbed and recovered on the lignocellulose raw material and the enzyme separated on the liquid side (the combination of these is called the recovered enzyme mixture), it is recovered by adsorption to the solid substrate.
- the enzyme component it is preferable to use an enzyme mixture to which a new enzyme active component corresponding to the active amount separated on the saccharified solution side is added. Thereby, the amount of enzyme activity used for reglycation can be controlled and specified more precisely.
- a membrane apparatus or a resin column capable of recovering the enzyme active component may be used.
- the activity recovery value of each enzyme can be obtained by using a commonly used method.
- the ⁇ -glucosidase activity value may be a value determined by quantifying the decomposition rate of the substrate cellobiose by HPLC.
- the endoglucanase activity value may be a value determined by measuring the absorbance change at 590 nm of the degradation activity of the substrate Azo-CM-Cellulose.
- the lignocellulose raw material or its pretreatment product as a substrate is further added to this recovered enzyme mixture, and the concentration is adjusted with water so as to match the initial saccharification reaction conditions. Perform the reaction.
- the series of enzyme saccharification, enzyme recovery, and re-saccharification described above can be repeatedly performed, and the catalyst cost can be continuously reduced within a period in which the enzyme activity is maintained.
- % means mass%.
- lignocellulose raw material Hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP) was prepared as a lignocellulose-containing material (hereinafter, the terms “lignocellulosic raw material”, “pulp”, and “LBKP” are the same) Meaning things and used interchangeably).
- LBKP was taken into a glass beaker and diluted with water to a solid content concentration of 10% [w / w], and then sulfuric acid was added at a final mass concentration of 0.5%.
- a beaker containing the LBKP-sulfuric acid solution was heated in an autoclave at 130 ° C. for 4 hours. After cooling, the pH was adjusted to 5.0 with NaOH and citrate buffer (final concentration 20 mM) to obtain a pretreated product of lignocellulose raw material.
- this lignocellulose raw material pretreatment product is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 88% of the hemicellulose component is decomposed into soluble xylose, and the amount of furfural produced is only 0.5% of the dry mass of the raw material. It was confirmed.
- Example 2 Adsorption test of enzyme to lignocellulose raw material The adsorptivity of the enzyme to the lignocellulose raw material and the pretreated product of lignocellulose raw material was examined.
- a commercially available cellulase aqueous solution (trade name: Accelerase 1000, manufactured by Genencor) containing endoglucanase, cellobiohydratase, ⁇ -glucosidase, and hemicellulase was used as the enzyme.
- the protein concentration of the aqueous cellulase solution used was measured by the Bradford method, and the result was 2.5% by mass.
- the cellulase aqueous solution and the lignocellulose raw material pretreated product in a 20 mM citrate buffer solution were mixed with a protein mass: lignocellulose raw material pretreated solid mass ratio of 1:13, 1:40, 1:67. , 1: 120, 1: 200.
- the flask was gently stirred at 45 ° C., and after 1 minute, the adsorption test solution was collected and a supernatant obtained by centrifugation at 7000 ⁇ g was obtained.
- the protein concentration in the centrifugal supernatant was measured by the Bradford method and compared with the protein concentration of the cellulase aqueous solution not subjected to the adsorption treatment.
- the cellulase aqueous solution and LBKP (untreated product) were mixed in a 20 mM citrate buffer, and the protein mass: LBKP solid mass ratio was 1:13, 1:40, 1:67, 1: 120, 1: 200. It was added to become.
- the flask was gently stirred at 45 ° C., and after 1 minute, the adsorption test solution was collected and a supernatant obtained by centrifugation at 7000 ⁇ g was obtained.
- the protein concentration in the centrifugal supernatant was measured by the Bradford method and compared with the protein concentration of the cellulase aqueous solution not subjected to the adsorption treatment.
- Table 1 shows the adsorption and recovery rates of the lignocellulose raw material and the pretreated product of the lignocellulose raw material in the total amount of enzyme active ingredients in the above study.
- Example 3 Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose raw material and pretreated product thereof A separable flask was charged with a pulp untreated product with a solid content concentration of 10% by mass, 20 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0), An aqueous cellulase solution (Accelerase 1000) was added at a final volume concentration of 2% (final protein concentration of 0.05% by mass), and then the mixture was gently stirred at 45 ° C. to carry out a saccharification reaction.
- An aqueous cellulase solution (Accelerase 1000) was added at a final volume concentration of 2% (final protein concentration of 0.05% by mass)
- a separable flask was charged with a lignocellulose raw material pretreatment (pH 5.0) having a solid content of 10% by mass, an aqueous cellulase solution was added at a final volume concentration of 2%, and then gently stirred at 45 ° C.
- the saccharification reaction was performed.
- the reaction solution was sampled at regular intervals, and the results of analyzing the amount of monosaccharide (total of glucose and xylose) by HPLC in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in FIG.
- the broken line indicates the result of the enzymatic saccharification reaction of the untreated product
- the solid line indicates the result of the enzymatic saccharification reaction of the pretreated product.
- the reaction rate was remarkably improved in the result using the lignocellulose raw material pretreated product as compared with the enzyme saccharification reaction result using the untreated pulp product.
- Example 4 Enzyme recovery (1) From the enzyme saccharified solution of the pretreated lignocellulose raw material of Example 3, the enzyme was recovered by the following method. Lignocellulose raw material pretreatment product is added to the enzyme saccharified solution (96 hours reaction solution) so that the final solid content concentration is 2% by mass (40 times the mass of enzyme protein), and gently stirred at 45 ° C. for 1 hour. did. This adsorption processing liquid was collect
- SDS-PAGE analysis in the supernatant and degradation of the substrate such as cellobiose were analyzed by activity analysis using the same HPLC as in Example 1.
- the unrecovered main enzyme component was ⁇ -glucosidase, and the original cellulase aqueous solution was recovered. It was confirmed that 58% of the contained ⁇ -glucosidase activity was lost to the supernatant side.
- the amount of monosaccharide solution on the supernatant side was used in the calculation of the catalyst unit in FIG. 3 as the produced monosaccharide per reaction.
- Example 5 Saccharification of a pretreated lignocellulose preparation using the recovered enzyme (1) A re-saccharification reaction was performed using the precipitate recovered in Example 4, that is, the pretreated solid material of lignocellulose raw material to which the enzyme was adsorbed. The separable flask was charged with the above-mentioned enzyme-treated lignocellulose raw material pretreated solid (actually measured solid content concentration of 20% by mass) and the lignocellulose raw material pretreated product, and the lignocellulose raw material before combining the two samples It was diluted with 20 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0) so that the final solid content concentration of the treated product was 10% by mass.
- the saccharification reaction was carried out with gentle stirring.
- Table 3 and FIG. 2 show the reaction results obtained by repeating the series of enzyme saccharification, enzyme recovery, and reglycation of Examples 3, 4, and 5 four times.
- the black diamond is the initial reaction
- the white square is the first reglycation reaction
- the black triangle is the second reglycation reaction
- the white circle is the third reglycation reaction
- the white triangle is the fourth reglycation reaction.
- the catalyst basic unit [cellulase aqueous solution mass + ⁇ -glucosidase aqueous solution mass] / [product monosaccharide mass]) in that case.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 and Table 3 in the method of this example, even if enzyme recovery and reglycation are performed, saccharification can be performed in substantially the same manner as the initial reaction, and saccharification efficiency is impaired. It was found that saccharifying enzymes can be recycled without any problems.
- Example 6 Re-saccharification without addition of ⁇ -glucosidase The saccharification experiment of the pretreated lignocellulose preparation using the enzyme recovered in Example 5 was performed without addition of a commercially available ⁇ -glucosidase aqueous solution, that is, adsorption recovery. was performed with only the enzyme.
- the lignocellulose raw material pretreated solid adsorbed with the above enzyme (measured solid content concentration 20% by mass) and the lignocellulose raw material pretreated product were charged into the flask, and the lignocellulose raw material pretreated product obtained by combining both samples.
- Example 4 Amount of monosaccharide produced after 96 hours of culture when the series of enzyme saccharification, enzyme recovery, and re-glycation without addition of ⁇ -glucosidase in Example 3, Example 4, and Example 6 were repeated 4 times. The transition of is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the broken line indicates the result when ⁇ -glucosidase is not added, and the solid line indicates the result when added (Example 5). Each experiment was performed in triplicate and the average and error bars are also shown. Compared with the results of repeated re-glycation with addition of ⁇ -glucosidase of Example 5 (FIG.
- the centrifugal supernatant was treated with a commercially available UF membrane (trade name: Microza pencil type module ACP-0013D, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation). 83% by mass of enzyme protein was recovered. It was assumed that 96% by mass of the initial enzyme protein input was recovered by the total of these operations. The amount of monosaccharide liquid filtered by the UF membrane was used in the calculation of the catalyst unit in FIG. 5 as the produced monosaccharide per reaction.
- Example 8 Saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose preparation using recovered enzyme (2) A reglycation reaction was performed using the enzyme component adsorbed on the lignocellulose raw material pretreated solid collected in Example 7 and the enzyme component filtered off from the centrifugal supernatant with a UF membrane. A separable flask was charged with a lignocellulose raw material pretreated solid adsorbed by the enzyme (actually measured solid content concentration 20%), an enzyme solution filtered by a UF membrane, and a lignocellulose raw material pretreated product, The lignocellulose raw material pretreated product combined with the sample was diluted with 20 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0) so that the final solid content concentration was 10% by mass.
- the saccharification reaction was performed by gently stirring at 45 ° C.
- the catalyst basic unit [cellulase aqueous solution mass + ⁇ -glucosidase aqueous solution mass] / [product monosaccharide mass]) in a trial in which the series of enzyme saccharification, enzyme recovery, and reglycation of Examples 7 and 8 was repeated 4 times. The transition is shown in Table 4 and FIG.
- the amount of enzyme used can be reduced, and a simple sugar can be produced from a lignocellulose raw material simply and at low cost.
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Abstract
Description
酸糖化法は、酵素糖化法に比べて技術的に完成されているが、デンプン、廃糖蜜などを原料とする方法に比べてまだコストが高く、また、使用した酸の廃棄による環境負荷が問題となっており、実用化の妨げとなっている。
糖化に用いる酵素のコストを下げる方法として、基質リグノセルロース原料の化学的・物理的な前処理により、後段での酵素の糖化反応効率を向上させ、使用する酵素量を低減する試みがなされている。このような試みとしては、例えば、原料を酸で前処理する方法(特開2008-514207号)、ボールミルで粉砕後に酸で蒸煮する前処理方法(特開2008-271962号)、叩解処理によりセルロース繊維を解す前処理方法(特開2009-171885号)等が挙げられる。これら各種の基質前処理方法によって酵素反応を向上させる効果には限界があり、低コスト化の決め手となるものではない。例えばリグニンが高度に除去されたパルプを叩解処理した場合の酵素反応の向上の効果は1.3倍に止まる(特開2009-171885号)。
また更なるコスト低減のため、糖化反応後に酵素を回収し再利用する方法も試みられているが、未分解の基質固体残渣への酵素の固着が回収の障害になるとされ、安定的な酵素回収は成功していない。
〔1〕 リグノセルロース原料及び糖化酵素から得られた糖化液を得ること、前記糖化液中の糖化酵素を、リグノセルロース原料に吸着させて回収すること、及び、回収された前記糖化酵素を用いて、リグノセルロース原料を糖化すること、を含むリグノセルロース原料から単糖を製造する単糖製造方法。
〔2〕 前記リグノセルロース原料が、広葉樹クラフトパルプ、針葉樹クラフトパルプ、機械パルプ、草本由来パルプ、古紙、若しくはペーパースラッジ、またはこれらの混合物である〔1〕記載の製造方法。
〔3〕 前記リグノセルロース原料が、酸性条件下で加熱処理を行った後に中和する前処理で得られた前処理原料である〔1〕又は〔2〕記載の製造方法。
〔4〕 前記前処理原料中のヘミセルロース含量が、前処理前の50質量%以下である〔3〕記載の製造方法。
〔5〕 前記前処理原料中のフルフラールが、前処理原料の乾燥質量の1質量%以下である〔3〕又は〔4〕記載の製造方法。
〔6〕前記リグノセルロース原料が、以下の(a)~(d)を含む前処理で得られた前処理原料である〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載の製造方法:
(a) リグノセルロース原料の固形分濃度が8質量%~30質量%の原料液を得ること;
(b) 前記原料液を、終濃度0.2質量%~12質量%の鉱酸により酸性化すること;
(c) 酸性化された原料液を80℃~150℃にて1時間~6時間インキュベートすること;
(d) 前記インキュベート後の原料液を、20℃~80℃下でpH3~8に調整すること。
〔7〕 前記鉱酸が、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、リン酸又はこれらの組み合わせである〔6〕記載の製造方法。
〔8〕前記回収が、以下の(e)~(h)を含む〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の製造方法:
(e) 前記糖化液と、前記糖化酵素の酵素活性成分の全蛋白質質量の40倍以上の固形分質量のリグノセルロース原料との混合液を得ること;
(f) 20℃~80℃にて1分~3時間インキュベートすること;
(g) 前記インキュベート後の混合液を、糖化液と、固形分として酵素が吸着したリグノセルロース原料とに固-液分離すること;
(h) 分離された前記リグノセルロース原料を、酵素-基質複合体として回収すること。
〔9〕 前記回収が、以下の(i)~(k)を含む〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の製造方法:
(i) 糖化反応を、前記糖化酵素の酵素活性成分の全蛋白質質量の40倍以上の固形分質量のリグノセルロース原料が残存する条件で停止させること;
(j) 反応停止後の反応液を、糖化液と、固形分として未反応のリグノセルロース原料とに固-液分離すること;
(k) 分離された前記リグノセルロース原料を、酵素-基質複合体として回収すること。
〔10〕 前記固-液分離の際に液側に分離される酵素活性成分の糖化酵素を追加して、前記再糖化を行うことを含む〔8〕又は〔9〕に記載の製造方法。
〔11〕 前記固-液分離の際に液側に分離される酵素活性成分の糖化酵素が、β-グルコシダーゼを含む〔10〕記載の製造方法。
〔12〕 前記液側に分離される酵素活性成分の糖化酵素が、前記固-液分離工程で糖化液側に分離された酵素活性成分を濾別又は樹脂精製により回収したものである〔8〕又は〔9〕に記載の製造方法。
〔13〕 前記糖化酵素が、セルラーゼ及びヘミセルラーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一方である〔1〕~〔12〕のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
〔14〕前記セルラーゼが、エンドグルカナーゼ、セロビオヒドラターゼ及びβ-グルコシダーゼの各活性を有する酵素混合物である〔13〕に記載の製造方法。
〔15〕 ヘミセルラーゼが、キシラナーゼ、キシロシダーゼ、マンナナーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、ガラクトシダーゼ、グルクロニダーゼ及びアラビノフラノシダーゼの各活性を有する酵素混合物である〔13〕又は〔14〕記載の製造方法。
本発明によれば、糖化液中の糖化酵素を、リグノセルロース原料に吸着させて回収し、回収された糖化酵素を用いてリグノセルロース原料を糖化して単糖を得るので、糖化酵素を簡便に回収することができると共に糖化酵素の繰り返し使用が可能となる。この結果、糖類を製造する際の酵素の使用量を大幅に減らし、簡便且つ低コストにリグノセルロース原料から単糖を製造することができる。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけでなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であっても本工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
また、本明細書において「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。
本発明において、組成物を構成しうる各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
以下、本発明について説明する。
酸性条件下で加熱し、その後に中和する前処理により、バイオマス原料中のヘミセルロースが部分的に分解し、キシロース等の単糖に変換される。このリグノセルロース原料からのヘミセルロース成分の減少が、酵素による原料糖化の効率を向上させると共に、その後の酵素の吸着回収率の向上にも寄与する。
ヘミセルロース含量は、前処理前のヘミセルロース含量の50質量%以下であれば、ヘミセルロースを限りなく除去する必要はなく、30質量%以上残っていてよく、40質量%以上残っていてもよい。
セルラーゼは、セルロースをグルコースに分解するものであればよく、エンドグルカナーゼ、セロビオヒドラターゼ及びβ-グルコシダーゼの各活性の少なくとも1つの活性を有するものを挙げることができ、これらの各活性を有する酵素混合物であることが、酵素活性の観点から好ましい。
同じくヘミセルラーゼは、ヘミセルロースをキシロース等の単糖に分解するものであればよく、キシラナーゼ、キシロシダーゼ、マンナナーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、ガラクトシダーゼ、グルクロニダーゼ及びアラビノフラノシダーゼの各活性の少なくとも1つの活性を有するものを挙げることができ、これらの各活性を有する酵素混合物であることが、酵素活性の観点から好ましい。
本発明において「酵素活性成分」とは、酵素混合物とした場合にはこれらの糖化酵素のそれぞれを意味し、単独の糖化酵素を用いた場合には、用いられる糖化酵素そのものを意味する。
反応に仕込む、基質としてのリグノセルロース原料及び酵素の濃度は、特に限定されるものではない。リグノセルロース原料前処理品の移液、装入等の操作には、8質量%~30質量%の固形分濃度であることが好ましい。また使用する酵素は、その活性に応じて基質を効率よく分解するに十分な量を投入すればよい。酵素の量は、酵素の種類等によって適宜調整が可能である。
なお、回収工程は、前処理原料を用いて糖化酵素を吸着させる方が、より短時間で効果的に回収することができる。前処理を行っていない未処理のリグノセルロース原料を用いる場合には、好ましくは60分~120分とすることが好ましく、一方、前処理原料を用いる場合には、1分~120分とすることが好ましい。
なお、反応容器内の基質残渣量は、混合液中の単糖又はオリゴ糖のそれぞれの量又はこれらの合計量を高速液体クロマトグラフィーなどの公知の分析器で測定すること等により確認すればよい。
糖化液と基質固形物の分離に適用される遠心又は粗濾過の条件は、当業界において通常用いられている方法をそのまま適用すればよく、例えば遠心の場合500×g~10000×gとすればよく、粗濾過の場合には、ステンレス、セラミック、樹脂製のフィルターで、目開きサイズが0.1μm~2mmのものを用いて濾過すればよい。
液側に分離された酵素成分は、上清糖化液より膜を用いて濾別回収する、または、蛋白質精製用樹脂カラムにて精製回収し、上述の固形分に吸着回収された酵素成分と合わせて次バッチの糖化反応工程に供してもよい。或いはそのような糖化液からの酵素回収を行わず、別途新しい酵素成分を相当活性量追加することにより、前バッチの糖化反応工程と同一の活性量で糖化反応を継続させることもできる。
好ましくは、上記の固-液分離工程で回収された液側分離された酵素を追加する。これにより、繰り返し再糖化を行っても単糖蓄積率を維持することができる。
以上の一連の酵素糖化、酵素回収、再糖化は、繰り返し実施することができ、酵素の活性が維持される期間内において触媒コストを低減し続けることが可能になる。
[実施例1] リグノセルロース原料の前処理
リグノセルロース含有物として広葉樹クラフトパルプ(LBKP)を用意した(以降、「リグノセルロース原料」、「パルプ」、及び、「LBKP」の各文言は、同一のものを意味し、互いに交換可能に用いられる)。ガラスビーカーにLBKPを取り固形分濃度10%[w/w]となるように水で希釈し、続いて硫酸を終質量濃度0.5%で添加した。LBKP-硫酸溶液の入ったビーカーを、オートクレーブにて130℃、4時間加熱した。冷却後、NaOH、及び、クエン酸緩衝液(終濃度20mM)にてpH5.0に調整し、リグノセルロース原料前処理品とした。このリグノセルロース原料前処理品を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)にて分析し、ヘミセルロース成分の88%が可溶性のキシロースに分解され、フルフラールの生成量は原料の乾燥質量の0.5%に止まることを確認した。
〈分析条件〉
分析機器: 日本分光HPLC
カラム : ULTRON PS-80H
(300×8 mm; 信和化工株式会社製)
分析温度: 50℃
移動相 : 過塩素酸水溶液 pH2.1
リグノセルロース原料、及びリグノセルロース原料前処理品に対する酵素の吸着性を其々調べた。酵素としてエンドグルカナーゼ、セロビオヒドラターゼ、β-グルコシダーゼ、及び、ヘミセルラーゼを含む市販のセルラーゼ水溶液(商品名:Accellerase1000、Genencor社製)を用いた。用いたセルラーゼ水溶液の蛋白質濃度をBradford法にて測定した結果は2.5質量%であった。
同じく20mMのクエン酸緩衝液中に、セルラーゼ水溶液とLBKP(未処理品)を、蛋白質質量:LBKP固形分質量比が、1:13、1:40、1:67、1:120、1:200となるように加えた。フラスコを45℃にて緩やかに攪拌し、1分後に吸着試験液を回収、7000×gで遠心した上清を取得した。遠心上清中の蛋白質濃度をBradford法にて測定し、吸着処理を加えていないセルラーゼ水溶液の蛋白質濃度と比較した。
以上の検討での酵素活性成分全蛋白質量のリグノセルロース原料、及びリグノセルロース原料前処理品を用いた吸着回収率を表1に示す。
セパラブルフラスコに、固形分濃度10質量%のパルプ未処理品、20mMのクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)を装入し、セルラーゼ水溶液(Accellerase1000)を終体積濃度2%(終蛋白質濃度0.05質量%)にて添加した後、45℃にて緩やかに攪拌して糖化反応を行った。
表2及び図1に示されるように、パルプ未処理品を用いた酵素糖化反応結果と比較し、リグノセルロース原料前処理品を用いた結果では顕著に反応速度が向上していた。
実施例3のリグノセルロース原料前処理品の酵素糖化液から、以下の方法で酵素を回収した。
酵素糖化液(96時間反応液)に、終固形分濃度2質量%(酵素蛋白質量の40倍質量)になるようにリグノセルロース原料前処理品を添加し、45℃、1時間、緩やかに攪拌した。この吸着処理液を回収し、7000×gで遠心した沈殿物を回収した。
一方の遠心上清中の蛋白質濃度をBradford法にて測定し、沈殿物側に酵素蛋白質の81質量%が吸着回収されたものと見なした。また上清中のSDS-PAGE分析、並びに、セロビオース等基質の分解を実施例1と同様のHPLCを用いた活性分析より、未回収の主要酵素成分はβ-グルコシダーゼであり、元のセルラーゼ水溶液に含まれるβ-グルコシダーゼ活性の58%が上清側に流失していることを確認した。上清側の単糖液量は1反応当りの生成単糖として、図3の触媒原単位計算に用いた。
実施例4にて回収した沈殿物、すなわち、酵素の吸着したリグノセルロース原料前処理固形物を用いた再糖化反応を行った。
セパラブルフラスコに、上記の酵素の吸着したリグノセルロース原料前処理固形物(実測固形分濃度20質量%)、及び、リグノセルロース原料前処理品を装入し、両試料を合わせたリグノセルロース原料前処理品の終固形分濃度が10質量%になるように、20mMのクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)で希釈した。この溶液に、市販のβ-グルコシダーゼ水溶液(商品名:Novozyme188、Novozymes社製)を終体積濃度0.08%(=実施例4で上清側に流失した活性分)添加し、45℃にて緩やかに攪拌して再糖化反応を行った。
実施例3、4、5の一連の酵素糖化、酵素回収、再糖化を4回繰り返し行った反応結果を表3及び図2に示す。なお、図2において黒菱形は初発反応、白四角は1回目の再糖化反応、黒三角は2回目の再糖化反応、白丸は3回目の再糖化反応、白三角は4回目の再糖化反応の、それぞれの結果を示す。その場合の触媒原単位(=〔使用セルラーゼ水溶液質量+β-グルコシダーゼ水溶液質量〕/〔生成単糖質量〕)の低減の推移を図3に示す。
図2及び図3、並びに表3に示されるように、本実施例の方法では、酵素回収、再糖化を行っても、初発反応とほぼ同様に糖化を行うことができ、糖化効率を損なうことなく糖化酵素をリサイクルできることがわかった。
実施例5での回収した酵素を用いた前処理リグノセルロース調製品の糖化実験を、市販のβ-グルコシダーゼ水溶液の添加無しで、即ち吸着回収した酵素のみで実施した。
フラスコに、上記の酵素の吸着したリグノセルロース原料前処理固形物(実測固形分濃度20質量%)、及び、リグノセルロース原料前処理品を装入し、両試料を合わせたリグノセルロース原料前処理品の終固形分濃度が10質量%になるように、20mMのクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)で希釈した。その後、45℃にて緩やかに攪拌して再糖化反応を行い、96時間反応後の生成単糖量をHPLCにて分析した。
実施例3と同様にリグノセルロース原料前処理品の酵素糖化を行い、HPLCを用いた分析に基づいて、生成単糖濃度が80質量%に達する前に反応を停止した(推定残余基質固形分濃度2%以上=酵素蛋白質質量の40倍質量)。この酵素糖化液を7000×gで遠心し、沈殿物を回収した。
一方の遠心上清中の蛋白質濃度をBradford法にて測定し、沈殿物側に酵素蛋白質の74質量%が吸着回収されたものと見なした。更に遠心上清中に流失した酵素を回収するため、遠心上清液を市販のUF膜(商品名:マイクローザ ペンシル型モジュール ACP-0013D、旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製)にて処理し、液中の83質量%の酵素蛋白質を回収した。これら操作の合計により、初発の酵素蛋白質投入量の96質量%が回収されたものと見なした。UF膜にて濾別した単糖液量は1反応当りの生成単糖として、図5の触媒原単位計算に用いた。
実施例7にて回収した、リグノセルロース原料前処理固形物に吸着した酵素成分、並びに、遠心上清液よりUF膜にて濾別した酵素成分を用いた再糖化反応を行った。
セパラブルフラスコに、上記酵素が吸着したリグノセルロース原料前処理固形物(実測固形分濃度20%)と、UF膜にて濾別した酵素液と、リグノセルロース原料前処理品とを装入し、試料を合わせたリグノセルロース原料前処理品の終固形分濃度が10質量%になるように、20mMのクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)で希釈した。その後、45℃にて緩やかに攪拌して再糖化反応を行った。
実施例7、8の一連の酵素糖化、酵素回収、再糖化を4回繰り返し行った試行での触媒原単位(=〔使用セルラーゼ水溶液質量+β-グルコシダーゼ水溶液質量〕/〔生成単糖質量〕)の推移を表4及び図5に示す。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に援用されて取り込まれる。
Claims (15)
- リグノセルロース原料及び糖化酵素から得られた糖化液を得ること、
前記糖化液中の糖化酵素を、リグノセルロース原料に吸着させて回収すること、及び
回収された前記糖化酵素を用いて、リグノセルロース原料を糖化すること、
を含むリグノセルロース原料から単糖を製造する単糖製造方法。 - 前記リグノセルロース原料が、広葉樹クラフトパルプ、針葉樹クラフトパルプ、機械パルプ、草本由来パルプ、古紙、若しくはペーパースラッジ、またはこれらの混合物である請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース原料が、酸性条件下で加熱処理を行った後に中和する前処理で得られた前処理原料である請求項1又は請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 前記前処理原料中のヘミセルロース含量が、前処理前の50質量%以下である請求項3記載の製造方法。
- 前記前処理原料中のフルフラールが、前処理原料の乾燥質量の1質量%以下である請求項3又は請求項4記載の製造方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース原料が、以下の(a)~(d)を含む前処理で得られた前処理原料である請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項記載の製造方法:
(a) リグノセルロース原料の固形分濃度が8質量%~30質量%である原料液を得ること;
(b) 前記原料液を、終濃度0.2質量%~12質量%の鉱酸により酸性化すること;
(c) 酸性化された原料液を80℃~150℃にて1時間~6時間インキュベートすること;
(d) 前記インキュベート後の原料液を、20℃~80℃下でpH3~8に調整すること。 - 前記鉱酸が、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、リン酸又はこれらの組み合わせである請求項6記載の製造方法。
- 前記回収が、以下の(e)~(h)を含む請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項記載の製造方法:
(e) 前記糖化液と、前記糖化酵素の酵素活性成分の全蛋白質質量の40倍以上の固形分質量のリグノセルロース原料との混合液を得ること;
(f) 20℃~80℃にて1分~3時間インキュベートすること;
(g) 前記インキュベート後の混合液を、糖化液と、固形分として酵素が吸着したリグノセルロース原料とに固-液分離すること;
(h) 分離された前記リグノセルロース原料を、酵素-基質複合体として回収すること。 - 前記回収が、以下の(i)~(k)を含む請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項記載の製造方法:
(i) 糖化反応を、前記糖化酵素の酵素活性成分の全蛋白質質量の40倍以上の固形分質量のリグノセルロース原料が残存する条件で停止させること;
(j) 反応停止後の反応液を、糖化液と、固形分として未反応のリグノセルロース原料とに固-液分離すること;
(k) 分離された前記リグノセルロース原料を、酵素-基質複合体として回収すること。 - 前記固-液分離の際に液側に分離される酵素活性成分の糖化酵素を追加して、前記糖化を行うことを含む請求項8又は請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記固-液分離の際に液側に分離される酵素活性成分の糖化酵素が、β-グルコシダーゼを含む請求項10記載の製造方法。
- 前記液側に分離される酵素活性成分の糖化酵素が、前記固-液分離で糖化液側に分離された酵素活性成分を濾別又は樹脂精製により回収したものである請求項8又は請求項9記載の製造方法。
- 前記糖化酵素が、セルラーゼ及びヘミセルラーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一方である請求項1~請求項12のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記セルラーゼが、エンドグルカナーゼ、セロビオヒドラターゼ及びβ-グルコシダーゼの各活性を有する酵素混合物である請求項13に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ヘミセルラーゼが、キシラナーゼ、キシロシダーゼ、マンナナーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、ガラクトシダーゼ、グルクロニダーゼ及びアラビノフラノシダーゼの各活性を有する酵素混合物である請求項13又は請求項14記載の製造方法。
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| JP2011543303A JP5431499B2 (ja) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-25 | 単糖製造方法 |
| US13/511,742 US20120244579A1 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-25 | Process for production of monosaccharide |
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| WO2021166273A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-26 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 糖化液 |
| WO2021167064A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-26 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 糖化液及び精製糖化液 |
| JP2022057665A (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-11 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | ヘミセルロース糖化用酵素組成物 |
| JP7662320B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2025-04-15 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | ヘミセルロース糖化用酵素組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2011065449A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
| CA2781090A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
| US20120244579A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
| JP5431499B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
| BR112012012352A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
| WO2011065449A9 (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
| TW201130981A (en) | 2011-09-16 |
| CN102666871A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
| EP2505657A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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