WO2011052711A1 - 光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052711A1 WO2011052711A1 PCT/JP2010/069258 JP2010069258W WO2011052711A1 WO 2011052711 A1 WO2011052711 A1 WO 2011052711A1 JP 2010069258 W JP2010069258 W JP 2010069258W WO 2011052711 A1 WO2011052711 A1 WO 2011052711A1
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- 0 [Cn]C=*1C2C(C3)C3C1C2 Chemical compound [Cn]C=*1C2C(C3)C3C1C2 0.000 description 11
- BLWMCWJAHPGSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(c1c-2[s]cc1)Oc1c-2[s]cc1 Chemical compound O=C(c1c-2[s]cc1)Oc1c-2[s]cc1 BLWMCWJAHPGSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVLCTITWJFXBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CCCC(C)CCC(CCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(c1c-2[s]c(Br)c1)Oc1c-2[s]cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCC(CCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(c1c-2[s]c(Br)c1)Oc1c-2[s]cc1 AVLCTITWJFXBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAXYROOZGOXGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(c2c3cc[s]2)SC=CC1C3=O Chemical compound CC1(c2c3cc[s]2)SC=CC1C3=O HAXYROOZGOXGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SROJNPCHGYLYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1SC(Br)=CC1O Chemical compound CC1SC(Br)=CC1O SROJNPCHGYLYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIGUSRGXPMXDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC(C)(c1c-2[s]c(Br)c1)Oc1c-2[s]c(C)c1 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)(c1c-2[s]c(Br)c1)Oc1c-2[s]c(C)c1 UIGUSRGXPMXDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBNKQIOZHSEYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC(C)(c1c-2[s]cc1)Oc1c-2[s]cc1 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)(c1c-2[s]cc1)Oc1c-2[s]cc1 WBNKQIOZHSEYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDSNJQLERLEMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCSC(c1ccc(-c2cc(C(CCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(CCC(C)CCCC(C)C)Oc3c-4[s]c(Br)c3)c-4[s]2)c2n[s]nc12)=C Chemical compound CCSC(c1ccc(-c2cc(C(CCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(CCC(C)CCCC(C)C)Oc3c-4[s]c(Br)c3)c-4[s]2)c2n[s]nc12)=C XDSNJQLERLEMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVBGFXAUFCDGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc([s]cc1)c1C(c1c(CC)[s]cc1)=O Chemical compound CCc([s]cc1)c1C(c1c(CC)[s]cc1)=O UVBGFXAUFCDGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWWXGQPSOEEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1c(C(c2c(C)[s]cc2)O)cc[s]1 Chemical compound CCc1c(C(c2c(C)[s]cc2)O)cc[s]1 XMWWXGQPSOEEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARPMMDSZYXHMTA-LATPGDLUSA-N OC(CCCC(C1C2=CC(CC3=CC(C[C@H]4CC5C6)C7C8=C33)C3C3=C2C2=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C5C4C7=C%11C8=C39)(C11C2=C2C%10=C%12C6=CC2C1)c1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound OC(CCCC(C1C2=CC(CC3=CC(C[C@H]4CC5C6)C7C8=C33)C3C3=C2C2=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C5C4C7=C%11C8=C39)(C11C2=C2C%10=C%12C6=CC2C1)c1ccccc1)=O ARPMMDSZYXHMTA-LATPGDLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element using a compound having a specific structure.
- organic thin-film solar cells which are one aspect of the photoelectric conversion element, can omit the high-temperature and high-vacuum processes used for the production of silicon-based solar cells, and can be manufactured at low cost by only the coating process. It is coming.
- an organic thin film solar cell using a polymer compound an organic thin film solar cell having an organic layer containing a polymer compound composed of a repeating unit (A) and a repeating unit (B) is described (Patent Document 1).
- a photoelectric conversion element having an organic layer containing the polymer compound does not necessarily have sufficient short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element having high short-circuit current density and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the present invention first has a first electrode and a second electrode, and has an active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a photoelectric conversion element comprising a compound having the structural unit represented by 1) is provided.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is a divalent group.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and each represents a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a trivalent heterocyclic group. However, at least one of Ar 1 and Ar 2 is a trivalent heterocyclic group.
- R 50 , R 51 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- X 1 and Ar 2 are bonded to atoms adjacent to each other in the ring constituting Ar 1
- X 2 and Ar 1 are bonded to atoms adjacent to each other in the ring forming Ar 2 .
- the present invention provides a solar cell module including the photoelectric conversion element.
- the present invention provides an image sensor including the photoelectric conversion element.
- the present invention is characterized in that it has a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and the active layer contains a compound having a structural unit represented by the formula (1).
- An organic thin film transistor is provided.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and each represents a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a trivalent heterocyclic group. However, at least one of Ar 1 and Ar 2 is a trivalent heterocyclic group.
- R 50 , R 51 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- X 1 and Ar 2 are bonded to the atom adjacent to each other in a ring constituting Ar 1
- X 2 and Ar 1 is attached to atoms that are adjacent to each other in the ring constituting Ar 2.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention Since the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has a large short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency, the present invention is extremely useful.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has a first electrode and a second electrode, an active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a formula (1 The compound which has a structural unit represented by this is contained.
- R 50 , R 51 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an arylalkyl group, an arylalkyloxy group, an arylalkylthio group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, and an amide group.
- Acid imide group amino group, substituted amino group, substituted silyl group, substituted silyloxy group, substituted silylthio group, substituted silylamino group, monovalent heterocyclic group, heterocyclic oxy group, heterocyclic thio group, arylalkenyl group, aryl An alkynyl group, a carboxyl group, and a cyano group are mentioned.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and may be a cycloalkyl group.
- the alkyl group usually has 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl tomb, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, 2- Methylbutyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, isooctyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3, 7-dimethyloctyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecy
- the alkyloxy group may be linear or branched, and may be a cycloalkyloxy group.
- the alkyloxy group may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyloxy group is usually about 1 to 20, and specific examples of the alkyloxy group include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, iso-propyloxy group, butoxy group, iso-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, cyclohexyloxy group, heptyloxy group, octyloxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, nonyloxy group, decyloxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy group, lauryloxy group, Examples include trifluoromethoxy group, pentafluoroethoxy group, perfluorobutoxy group, perfluorohexyl group, perfluorooct
- a group may have a substituent means that part or all of the hydrogen atoms of a group may be substituted with a substituent. means.
- the term “optionally substituted” may be rephrased as “optionally substituted”.
- a divalent organic group which may have a substituent means a divalent organic group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms in the divalent organic group may be substituted with a substituent. It refers to a group and may be rephrased as “an optionally substituted divalent organic group” (or “an optionally substituted divalent organic group”).
- hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent means a hydrocarbon group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent. It may be rephrased as “an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” (or “an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”).
- the alkylthio group may be linear or branched, and may be a cycloalkylthio group.
- the alkylthio group may have a substituent.
- the alkylthio group usually has about 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the alkylthio group include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, an iso-propylthio group, a butylthio group, an iso-butylthio group, and a tert-butylthio group.
- Pentylthio group Pentylthio group, hexylthio group, cyclohexylthio group, heptylthio group, octylthio group, 2-ethylhexylthio group, nonylthio group, decylthio group, 3,7-dimethyloctylthio group, laurylthio group, trifluoromethylthio group.
- the aryl group usually has about 6 to 60 carbon atoms and may have a substituent.
- Specific examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a C1 to C12 alkyloxyphenyl group (C1 to C12 alkyl indicates that the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 12.
- the C1 to C12 alkyl is preferably C1 to C8.
- Alkyl, more preferably C1 to C6 alkyl, C1 to C8 alkyl means alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and C1 to C6 alkyl is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- C1 to C12 alkyl, C1 to C8 alkyl and C1 to C6 alkyl include those described and exemplified above for the alkyl group, and the same applies to the following.), C1 to C12 alkylphenyl Group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group and pentafluorophenyl group.
- the aryloxy group usually has about 6 to 60 carbon atoms and may have a substituent on the aromatic ring.
- Specific examples of the aryloxy group include a phenoxy group, a C1-C12 alkyloxyphenoxy group, a C1-C12 alkylphenoxy group, a 1-naphthyloxy group, a 2-naphthyloxy group, and a pentafluorophenyloxy group.
- the arylthio group usually has about 6 to 60 carbon atoms and may have a substituent on the aromatic ring.
- Specific examples of the arylthio group include a phenylthio group, a C1-C12 alkyloxyphenylthio group, a C1-C12 alkylphenylthio group, a 1-naphthylthio group, a 2-naphthylthio group, and a pentafluorophenylthio group.
- the arylalkyl group usually has about 7 to 60 carbon atoms and may have a substituent.
- Specific examples of the arylalkyl group include phenyl-C1-C12 alkyl group, C1-C12 alkyloxyphenyl-C1-C12 alkyl group, C1-C12 alkylphenyl-C1-C12 alkyl group, 1-naphthyl-C1-C12 alkyl And a 2-naphthyl-C1-C12 alkyl group.
- the arylalkyloxy group usually has about 7 to 60 carbon atoms and may have a substituent.
- Specific examples of the arylalkyloxy group include phenyl-C1-C12 alkyloxy group, C1-C12 alkyloxyphenyl-C1-C12 alkyloxy group, C1-C12 alkylphenyl-C1-C12 alkyloxy group, 1-naphthyl- Examples thereof include C1-C12 alkyloxy group and 2-naphthyl-C1-C12 alkyloxy group.
- the arylalkylthio group usually has about 7 to 60 carbon atoms and may have a substituent.
- Specific examples of the arylalkylthio group include a phenyl-C1-C12 alkylthio group, a C1-C12 alkyloxyphenyl-C1-C12 alkylthio group, a C1-C12 alkylphenyl-C1-C12 alkylthio group, and a 1-naphthyl-C1-C12 alkylthio group. And a 2-naphthyl-C1-C12 alkylthio group.
- Acyl groups usually have about 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the acyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isobutyryl group, a pivaloyl group, a benzoyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, and a pentafluorobenzoyl group.
- Acyloxy groups usually have about 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the acyloxy group include an acetoxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group, an isobutyryloxy group, a pivaloyloxy group, a benzoyloxy group, a trifluoroacetyloxy group, and a pentafluorobenzoyloxy group.
- the amide group usually has about 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- An amide group refers to a group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom from an amide.
- Specific examples of the amide group include a formamide group, an acetamide group, a propioamide group, a butyroamide group, a benzamide group, a trifluoroacetamide group, a pentafluorobenzamide group, a diformamide group, a diacetamide group, a dipropioamide group, a dibutyroamide group, and a dibenzamide group. , Ditrifluoroacetamide group and dipentafluorobenzamide group.
- the acid imide group refers to a group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom from an acid imide.
- Specific examples of the acid imide group include a succinimide group and a phthalimide group.
- the substituted amino group usually has about 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- substituent amino group include methylamino group, dimethylamino group, ethylamino group, diethylamino group, propylamino group, dipropylamino group, isopropylamino group, diisopropylamino group, butylamino group, isobutylamino group, tert-Butylamino, pentylamino, hexylamino, cyclohexylamino, heptylamino, octylamino, 2-ethylhexylamino, nonylamino, decylamino, 3,7-dimethyloctylamino, laurylamino , Cyclopentylamino group, dicyclopentylamino group, cyclohexylamino group, dicyclohexylamino group, pyrrolidyl group
- substituted silyl group examples include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tri-n-propylsilyl group, tri-iso-propylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, and tri-p-xylylsilyl group.
- substituted silyloxy group examples include trimethylsilyloxy group, triethylsilyloxy group, tri-n-propylsilyloxy group, tri-iso-propylsilyloxy group, tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, triphenylsilyloxy group, Examples thereof include a tri-p-xylylsilyloxy group, a tribenzylsilyloxy group, a diphenylmethylsilyloxy group, a tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy group, and a dimethylphenylsilyloxy group.
- substituted silylthio group examples include trimethylsilylthio group, triethylsilylthio group, tri-n-propylsilylthio group, tri-iso-propylsilylthio group, tert-butyldimethylsilylthio group, triphenylsilylthio group, Examples thereof include a tri-p-xylylsilylthio group, a tribenzylsilylthio group, a diphenylmethylsilylthio group, a tert-butyldiphenylsilylthio group, and a dimethylphenylsilylthio group.
- substituted silylamino group examples include trimethylsilylamino group, triethylsilylamino group, tri-n-propylsilylamino group, tri-iso-propylsilylamino group, tert-butyldimethylsilylamino group, triphenylsilylamino group, Tri-p-xylylsilylamino group, tribenzylsilylamino group, diphenylmethylsilylamino group, tert-butyldiphenylsilylamino group, dimethylphenylsilylamino group, di (trimethylsilyl) amino group, di (triethylsilyl) amino group Di (tri-n-propylsilyl) amino group, di (tri-iso-propylsilyl) amino group, di (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) amino group, di (triphenylsilyl) amino group, di (tri-p -X
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, imidazole, imidazoline, imidazolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, prazolidine, furazane, triazole, thiadiazole, oxadi Azole, tetrazole, pyran, pyridine, piperidine, thiopyran, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, piperazine, morpholine, triazine, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, isoindole, indolizine, indoline, isoindoline, chromene, chroman, isochroman , Benzopyran, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolidine,
- heterocyclic oxy group and heterocyclic thio group examples include groups in which an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom is bonded to the monovalent heterocyclic group.
- the heterocyclic oxy group usually has about 4 to 60 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the heterocyclic oxy group include thienyloxy group, C1-C12 alkylthienyloxy group, pyrrolyloxy group, furyloxy group, pyridyloxy group, C1-C12 alkylpyridyloxy group, imidazolyloxy group, pyrazolyloxy group, triazolyl group.
- the heterocyclic thio group usually has about 4 to 60 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the heterocyclic thio group include thienyl mercapto group, C1-C12 alkyl thienyl mercapto group, pyrrolyl mercapto group, furyl mercapto group, pyridyl mercapto group, C1-C12 alkyl pyridyl mercapto group, imidazolyl mercapto group, pyrazolyl mercapto group. , Triazolyl mercapto group, oxazolyl mercapto group, thiazole mercapto group and thiadiazole mercapto group.
- the arylalkenyl group usually has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples of the arylalkenyl group include a styryl group.
- the arylalkynyl group usually has 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples of the arylalkynyl group include a phenylacetylenyl group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- X 1 is preferably —O—, —S—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, more preferably —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —. More preferably —O—.
- X 2 is preferably —C (R 50 ) (R 51 ) — or —Si (R 3 ) (R 4 ) —, and more preferably —C (R 50 ) (R 51 ) —.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and each represents a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a trivalent heterocyclic group. However, at least one of Ar 1 and Ar 2 is a trivalent heterocyclic group.
- Ar 1 has three bonds, one of which is a bond with Ar 2 , the other is a bond with X 1 , and one more Represents a bond with a hydrogen atom or another atom. Other atoms may be part of atoms constituting other structural units.
- Ar 2 has three bonds, one of which is a bond with Ar 1 , the other is a bond with X 2 , and one more Represents a bond with a hydrogen atom or another atom. Other atoms may be part of atoms constituting other structural units.
- the trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group means a remaining atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from a benzene ring or condensed ring, and usually has 6 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the trivalent group of is illustrated.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, and an arylalkyl group.
- Examples include a ring group, an arylalkenyl group, an arylalkynyl group, a carboxyl group, and a cyano group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the substituent is preferably 1 to 40, more preferably 1 to 20 More preferably, it is 1-6.
- the trivalent heterocyclic group refers to the remaining atomic group obtained by removing three hydrogen atoms from the heterocyclic compound, and the number of carbon atoms is usually 4 to 60, preferably 4 to 20.
- the heterocyclic group may have a substituent, and the number of carbon atoms of the heterocyclic group does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- a trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the substituent is preferably 1 to 40, more preferably 1 to 20 More preferably, it is 1-6.
- a heterocyclic compound is an organic compound having a cyclic structure in which not only carbon atoms but also hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms, phosphorus atoms, and boron atoms are not included in the ring.
- An organic compound contained within is an organic compound having a cyclic structure in which not only carbon atoms but also hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms, phosphorus atoms, and boron atoms.
- Examples of the trivalent heterocyclic group include the following groups.
- R ′ is the same or different and is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an arylalkyl group, An arylalkyloxy group, an arylalkylthio group, a substituted amino group, an acyloxy group, an amide group, an arylalkenyl group, an arylalkynyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group or a cyano group is represented.
- R ′′ is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group, a substituted silyl group, an acyl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group.
- R ′ halogen atom, alkyl group, alkyloxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkyloxy group, arylalkylthio group, substituted amino group, acyloxy group, amide Group, arylalkenyl group, arylalkynyl group, definition of monovalent heterocyclic group
- specific examples are the halogen atom, alkyl group, alkyloxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group represented by the aforementioned R 3 , Arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkyloxy group, arylalkylthio group, substituted amino group, acyloxy group, amide group, arylalkenyl group, arylalkynyl group, definition of monovalent heterocyclic group, the same as specific examples .
- alkyl groups, aryl groups, arylalkyl groups, substituted silyl groups, and monovalent heterocyclic groups represented by R ′′ include the alkyl groups, aryl groups, and aryls represented by R 3 described above.
- the definition of alkyl group, substituted silyl group, monovalent heterocyclic group, and specific examples are the same.
- X 1 and Ar 2 in formula (1) are bonded to atoms (positions) adjacent to each other in the ring constituting Ar 1 , and X 2 and Ar 1 are atoms adjacent to each other in the ring constituting Ar 2 ( Position).
- the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is preferably a structural unit (divalent group) represented by the formula (301) to the formula (493) and an aromatic hydrocarbon ring contained in these structural units. Or it is a structural unit which further has a substituent on a heterocyclic ring, and the structural unit whose Ar ⁇ 1 > and Ar ⁇ 2 > are trivalent heterocyclic groups is more preferable.
- R 50 , R 51 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 each have the same meaning as described above.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a plurality of R may be the same or different, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an arylalkyl group, an arylalkyloxy group, an arylalkylthio group, an aryl Alkenyl group, arylalkynyl group, amino group, substituted amino group, silyl group, substituted silyl group, halogen atom, acyl group, acyloxy group, amide group, monovalent heterocyclic group, carboxyl group, substituted carboxyl group, nitro group, And a group selected from a cyano group.
- the hydrogen atom contained in these substituents may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- An alkyl group represented by R an alkyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an arylalkyl group, an arylalkyloxy group, an arylalkylthio group, an arylalkenyl group, an arylalkynyl group, a substituted amino group
- substitud silyl group, halogen atom, acyl group, acyloxy group, amide group, monovalent heterocyclic group specific examples are the alkyl group, alkyloxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group represented by R 3 described above, Aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkyloxy group, arylalkylthio group, arylalkenyl group, arylalkynyl group, substituted amino group, substituted silyl group, halogen atom, acyl group, acyl
- substituted carboxyl group those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are usually used, and examples thereof include a group having a methyl ester structure, a group having an ethyl ester structure, and a group having a butyl ester structure.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is a structural unit (divalent group) represented by the formula (2).
- R 50 and R 51 each represent the same meaning as described above.
- R 10 and R 11 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the definitions and specific examples of the halogen atoms and monovalent organic groups of R 10 and R 11 are the same as those described above for R 50 and R 51 .
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) include a divalent group represented by the above formula (301).
- R 50 and R 51 include a monovalent organic group. Includes an alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of R 50 and R 51 is preferably 1-30, more preferably 3-25, and even more preferably 6-18.
- the compound used for the photoelectric conversion element of this invention has a structural unit different from the structural unit represented by Formula (1) other than the structural unit represented by Formula (1).
- the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the structural unit different from the structural unit represented by the formula (1) form a conjugate. Conjugation in the present invention is chained in the order of unsaturated bond-single bond-unsaturated bond, two ⁇ bonds of ⁇ orbitals are adjacent to each other, and each ⁇ electron is arranged in parallel. It refers to a state in which ⁇ electrons are not localized on the bond but are spread and delocalized on the adjacent single bond.
- the unsaturated bond refers to a double bond or a triple bond.
- the structural unit different from the structural unit represented by the formula (1) includes a divalent group, and examples of the divalent group include an arylene group and a divalent heterocyclic group.
- the arylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon, and the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring is usually about 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 20.
- aromatic hydrocarbons include those having a benzene ring, those having a condensed ring, those having two or more independent benzene rings or condensed rings directly bonded, or bonded via a group such as vinylene. It is.
- the arylene group include a phenylene group (for example, the following formulas 1 to 3), a naphthalenediyl group (the following formulas 4 to 13), an anthracenediyl group (the following formulas 14 to 19), a biphenyl-diyl group ( Examples thereof include the following formulas 20 to 25), terphenyl-diyl groups (the following formulas 26 to 28), and condensed ring compound groups (the following formulas 29 to 38).
- the condensed ring compound group includes a fluorene-diyl group (the following formulas 36 to 38).
- the divalent heterocyclic group means an atomic group remaining after removing two hydrogen atoms from a heterocyclic compound, and the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring is usually about 3 to 60.
- a heterocyclic compound is an organic compound having a cyclic structure in which the elements constituting the ring are not only carbon atoms, but also hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms, phosphorus atoms, boron atoms, arsenic atoms, etc. An atom containing an atom in the ring.
- divalent heterocyclic group examples include the following. Divalent heterocyclic groups containing nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms: pyridine-diyl groups (formulas 39 to 44 below), diazaphenylene groups (formulas 45 to 48 below), quinoline diyl groups (formulas 49 to 63 below) ), A quinoxaline diyl group (following formulas 64-68), an acridine diyl group (following formulas 69-72), a bipyridyldiyl group (following formulas 73-75), a phenanthroline diyl group (following formulas 76-78); Groups having a fluorene structure containing silicon atoms, nitrogen atoms, sulfur atoms, selenium atoms and the like as heteroatoms (the following formulas 79 to 93); 5-membered heterocyclic groups containing silicon atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom and the like as a hetero atom (the following formulas
- a 5-membered heterocyclic group containing a silicon atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom or the like as a hetero atom and bonded to the phenyl group at the ⁇ -position of the hetero atom (the following formulas 113 to 119); Groups in which a phenyl group, a furyl group, or a thienyl group is substituted on a 5-membered condensed heterocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, etc.
- hetero atom the following formulas 120 to 127
- a group in which a 5-membered heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom or the like as a hetero atom is condensed the following formulas 128 to 139
- a group in which a benzene ring and a thiophene ring are condensed the following formulas 140 to 143, etc. Can be illustrated.
- R represents the same meaning as described above.
- a and b are the same or different and represent the number of repetitions, and are usually 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, and particularly preferably 1.
- the groups represented by Formula 1 to Formula 143 the groups represented by Formula 106 to Formula 110 and Formula 120 to Formula 127 are preferable, and Formula 107, Formula 109, Formula 122, Formula 127 are more preferable. It is group represented by these.
- the compound used for the photoelectric conversion device of the present invention is preferably a polymer compound from the viewpoint of ease of device production.
- the polymer compound in the present invention refers to a polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 or more, and a polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 10,000,000 is preferably used. If the weight average molecular weight is lower than 3000, defects may occur in film formation during device fabrication, and if it exceeds 10000000, solubility in a solvent and applicability during device fabrication may be degraded.
- the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 8000 to 5000000, and particularly preferably 10,000 to 1000000.
- the weight average molecular weight in this invention points out the weight average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion calculated using the standard sample of polystyrene using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) in the polymer compound may be at least one in the compound.
- the polymer compound contains an average of 2 or more per polymer chain, more preferably an average of 3 or more per polymer chain.
- the polymer compound that can be used in the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention preferably has a high solubility in a solvent from the viewpoint of ease of device production when used in the element. Specifically, it preferably has a solubility capable of producing a solution containing 0.01 wt% or more of the polymer compound, and preferably has a solubility capable of producing a solution containing 0.1 wt% or more. More preferably, it has a solubility capable of producing a solution containing 0.4 wt% or more.
- a method for producing a polymer compound that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a method using a Suzuki coupling reaction or a Stille coupling reaction is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis of the polymer compound. .
- E 2 represents a structural unit containing a group represented by the formula (1).
- T 1 and T 2 are the same or different and each represents a halogen atom, an alkyl sulfonate group, an aryl sulfonate group, or an arylalkyl sulfonate group.
- E 1 is preferably a divalent aromatic group, more preferably a group represented by the above formulas 1 to 143.
- the total number of moles of one or more compounds represented by formula (200) used in the reaction is excessive with respect to the total number of moles of one or more compounds represented by formula (100). Is preferred.
- the total number of moles of one or more compounds represented by formula (200) used in the reaction is 1 mole
- the total number of moles of one or more compounds represented by formula (100) is 0.6 to 0.00.
- the amount is preferably 99 mol, more preferably 0.7 to 0.95 mol.
- Examples of the halogen atom represented by T 1 and T 2 in Formula (200) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- a bromine atom and an iodine atom are preferable, and a bromine atom is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkyl sulfonate group represented by T 1 and T 2 in Formula (200) include a methane sulfonate group, an ethane sulfonate group, and a trifluoromethane sulfonate group.
- Examples of the aryl sulfonate group include a benzene sulfonate group and a p-toluene sulfonate group.
- a benzyl sulfonate group is illustrated as an arylalkyl sulfonate group.
- the method for carrying out the Suzuki coupling reaction includes a method in which a palladium catalyst is used as a catalyst in an arbitrary solvent and the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base.
- Examples of the palladium catalyst used in the Suzuki coupling reaction include a Pd (0) catalyst, a Pd (II) catalyst, and the like.
- palladium [tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)] palladium acetates, dichlorobis (Triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, etc. are mentioned, but from the viewpoint of ease of reaction (polymerization) operation and reaction (polymerization) rate.
- Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, and tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium are preferred.
- the addition amount of the palladium catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is an effective amount as a catalyst, but is usually 0.0001 mol to 0.5 mol with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (100). The amount is preferably 0.0003 mol to 0.1 mol.
- a phosphorus compound such as triphenylphosphine, tri (o-tolyl) phosphine, tri (o-methoxyphenyl) phosphine is added as a ligand.
- the addition amount of the ligand is usually 0.5 mol to 100 mol, preferably 0.9 mol to 20 mol, more preferably 1 mol to 10 mol, relative to 1 mol of the palladium catalyst. is there.
- Examples of the base used for the Suzuki coupling reaction include inorganic bases, organic bases, inorganic salts and the like.
- examples of the inorganic base include potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, barium hydroxide and the like.
- examples of the organic base include triethylamine and tributylamine.
- examples of the inorganic salt include cesium fluoride.
- the addition amount of the base is usually 0.5 mol to 100 mol, preferably 0.9 mol to 20 mol, more preferably 1 mol to 10 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (100). is there.
- the Suzuki coupling reaction is usually performed in a solvent.
- the solvent include N, N-dimethylformamide, toluene, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like. From the viewpoint of solubility of the polymer compound used in the present invention, toluene and tetrahydrofuran are preferred.
- the base may be added as an aqueous solution and reacted in a two-phase system of an aqueous phase and an organic phase.
- an inorganic salt is used as the base, it is usually added as an aqueous solution and reacted from the viewpoint of solubility of the inorganic salt.
- phase transfer catalysts such as a quaternary ammonium salt
- the temperature at which the Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out depends on the solvent, but is usually about 50 to 160 ° C., and preferably 60 to 120 ° C. from the viewpoint of increasing the molecular weight of the polymer compound. Alternatively, the temperature may be raised to near the boiling point of the solvent and refluxed.
- the reaction time may end when the target degree of polymerization is reached, but is usually about 0.1 to 200 hours. About 1 to 30 hours is efficient and preferable.
- the Suzuki coupling reaction is performed in a reaction system in which the Pd (0) catalyst is not deactivated under an inert atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- an inert atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- it is performed in a system sufficiently deaerated with argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- the compound represented by the formula (100), the compound represented by the formula (200), Dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) was charged, the polymerization vessel was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen gas, degassed, and then degassed by adding a degassed solvent such as toluene by bubbling with nitrogen gas in advance.
- a base degassed by bubbling with nitrogen gas in advance for example, an aqueous sodium carbonate solution
- nitrogen gas in advance for example, an aqueous sodium carbonate solution
- the manufacturing method which has a process with which the 1 or more types of compound represented by this, and the 1 or more types of compound represented by the said Formula (200) are made to react in presence of a palladium catalyst is mentioned.
- E 3 is preferably a divalent aromatic group, more preferably a group represented by the above formulas 1 to 143.
- organotin residue examples include a group represented by —SnR 100 3 .
- R 100 represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group examples include an alkyl group and an aryl group.
- alkyl group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl tomb, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, 2-methylbutyl.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- -SnMe 3 as organotin residue, -SnEt 3, -SnBu 3, an -SnPh 3, more preferably -SnMe 3, -SnEt 3, is -SnBu 3.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- Examples of the halogen atom represented by T 1 and T 2 in Formula (200) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. In view of ease of synthesis of the polymer compound, a bromine atom and an iodine atom are preferable.
- Examples of the alkyl sulfonate group represented by T 1 and T 2 in Formula (200) include a methane sulfonate group, an ethane sulfonate group, and a trifluoromethane sulfonate group.
- Examples of the aryl sulfonate group include a benzene sulfonate group and a p-toluene sulfonate group.
- a benzyl sulfonate group is illustrated as an aryl sulfonate group.
- examples of the catalyst include a method of reacting in an arbitrary solvent under a palladium catalyst.
- examples of the palladium catalyst used in the Stille coupling reaction include Pd (0) catalyst, Pd (II) catalyst, and the like.
- palladium [tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)] palladium acetates, dichlorobis (Triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium
- palladium [Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)] and tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium are preferred.
- the addition amount of the palladium catalyst used for the Stille coupling reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is an effective amount as a catalyst, but is usually 0.0001 per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (100). Mol to 0.5 mol, preferably 0.0003 to 0.2 mol.
- a ligand and a co-catalyst can also be used as needed.
- the ligand include phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine, tri (o-tolyl) phosphine, tri (o-methoxyphenyl) phosphine, tris (2-furyl) phosphine, triphenylarsine, and triphenoxyarsine.
- Examples include arsenic compounds.
- the cocatalyst include copper iodide, copper bromide, copper chloride, and copper (I) 2-thenoylate.
- the amount of the ligand or cocatalyst added is usually 0.5 mol to 100 mol, preferably 0.9 mol to 20 mol, relative to 1 mol of the palladium catalyst. More preferably, it is 1 mol to 10 mol.
- the Stille coupling reaction is usually performed in a solvent.
- the solvent include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, toluene, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like. From the viewpoint of solubility of the polymer compound used in the present invention, toluene and tetrahydrofuran are preferred.
- the temperature at which the Stille coupling reaction is carried out depends on the solvent, but is usually about 50 to 160 ° C., and preferably 60 to 120 ° C. from the viewpoint of increasing the molecular weight of the polymer compound. Alternatively, the temperature may be raised to near the boiling point of the solvent and refluxed.
- the time for carrying out the reaction may be the end point when the desired degree of polymerization is reached, but is usually about 0.1 to 200 hours. About 1 to 30 hours is efficient and preferable.
- the Stille coupling reaction is performed in a reaction system in which the Pd catalyst is not deactivated under an inert atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- an inert atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- the polymerization vessel is charged with a compound represented by the formula (300), a compound represented by the formula (200), A palladium catalyst is charged, and the polymerization vessel is sufficiently replaced with nitrogen gas, degassed, and then bubbled with nitrogen gas in advance to add a degassed solvent, for example, toluene, and then coordinate as necessary.
- the mixture is heated and heated, for example, and polymerized while maintaining an inert atmosphere at the reflux temperature for 8 hours.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene of the polymer compound is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 .
- Mn number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene
- a tough thin film is easily obtained.
- it is 10 8 or less the solubility is high and the production of the thin film is easy.
- the terminal group of the polymer compound that can be used in the photoelectric conversion device of the present invention if the polymerization active group remains as it is, there is a possibility that the characteristics and life of the device obtained when used for the production of the device are reduced. As such, it may be protected with a stable group.
- Those having a conjugated bond continuous with the conjugated structure of the main chain are preferable, and for example, a structure bonded to an aryl group or a heterocyclic group via a vinylene group may be used.
- the polymer compound that can be used in the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is characterized by having a structural unit represented by the formula (1).
- the polymer compound represented by the formula (1-3) It can synthesize
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , X 1 and X 2 each have the same meaning as described above.
- W 1 and W 2 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl sulfonate group, an aryl sulfonate group, an aryl alkyl sulfonate group, a boric acid ester residue, a sulfonium methyl group, a phosphonium methyl group, a phosphonate methyl group, a mono Represents a halogenated methyl group, boronic acid residue, formyl group, vinyl group or organotin residue.
- a polymer compound having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) can be produced by oxidative polymerization.
- a catalyst is usually used.
- a known catalyst can be used.
- a metal halide or a mixture of a metal halide and an amine complex is used.
- the metal halide for example, a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent halide of a metal such as copper, iron, vanadium, or chromium can be used.
- amines such as pyridine, lutidine, 2-methylimidazole, N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine can be used.
- iron chloride can also be used (Polym. Prep. Japan, Vol. 48, 309 (1999)). Furthermore, by using a copper / amine catalyst system (J. Org. Chem., 64, 2264 (1999), J. Polym. Sci. Part A, Polym. Chem., 37, 3702 (1999)) The molecular weight can be increased.
- any solvent can be used as long as the catalyst is not poisoned.
- solvents include hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, and alcohols.
- hydrocarbon solvent include toluene, benzene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene, naphthalene, and tetralin.
- ether solvents include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diphenyl ether, and tert-butyl methyl ether.
- alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and 2-methoxyethanol.
- the reaction temperature in oxidative polymerization is usually about ⁇ 100 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably about ⁇ 50 to 50 ° C.
- a method of polymerizing by mixing two or more types of monomers a method of adding a second type of monomer after polymerizing one type of monomer, and the like can be mentioned.
- a method of adding a second type of monomer after polymerizing one type of monomer can be mentioned.
- block copolymers random copolymers, alternating copolymers, multiblock copolymers, graft copolymers, and the like.
- W 1 and W 2 in formula (1-3) are the same or different, and are halogen atoms, alkyl sulfonate groups, aryl sulfonate groups, aryl alkyl sulfonate groups, boric acid. It is preferably an ester residue, a boronic acid residue or an organotin residue.
- W 1 and W 2 are hydrogen atoms
- a known method can be used as a method for converting W 1 and W 2 into bromine atoms.
- W 1 and W 2 are hydrogen atoms.
- Examples thereof include a method of bringing a compound represented by the formula (1-3) into contact with bromine or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) for bromination.
- the conditions for bromination can be arbitrarily set.
- a method of reacting with NBS in a solvent is desirable because the bromination rate is high and the selectivity of the introduction position of bromine atoms is high.
- the solvent used at this time include N, N-dimethylformamide, chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride and the like.
- the reaction time is usually about 1 minute to 10 hours, and the reaction temperature is usually about ⁇ 50 ° C. to 50 ° C.
- the amount of bromine used is preferably about 1 to 5 moles relative to 1 mole of the compound represented by the formula (1-3) in which W 1 and W 2 are hydrogen atoms.
- the reaction for example, after the reaction is stopped by adding water, the product is extracted with an organic solvent and subjected to usual post-treatment such as evaporation of the solvent.
- W 1 and W 2 are bromine atoms.
- the compound represented by 1-3) can be obtained.
- the product can be isolated and purified by a method such as chromatographic fractionation or recrystallization.
- the polymer compound that can be used in the present invention preferably has a long wavelength at the light absorption terminal wavelength.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength in the present invention means a value obtained by the following method.
- a spectrophotometer for example, JASCO-V670, UV-Vis near-infrared spectrophotometer manufactured by JASCO Corporation
- the measurable wavelength range is 200 to 1500 nm. Therefore, measurement is performed in this wavelength range.
- the absorption spectrum of the substrate used for measurement is measured.
- a quartz substrate, a glass substrate, or the like is used as the substrate.
- a thin film containing the first compound is formed on the substrate from a solution containing the first compound or a melt containing the first compound.
- drying is performed after film formation.
- an absorption spectrum of the laminate of the thin film and the substrate is obtained.
- the difference between the absorption spectrum of the laminate of the thin film and the substrate and the absorption spectrum of the substrate is obtained as the absorption spectrum of the thin film.
- the vertical axis represents the absorbance of the first compound
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength. It is desirable to adjust the thickness of the thin film so that the absorbance at the largest absorption peak is about 0.5 to 2.
- the absorbance of the absorption peak with the longest wavelength among the absorption peaks is defined as 100%, and the intersection of the absorption peak and a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis (wavelength axis) including the absorbance of 50% of the absorption peak.
- the intersection point that is longer than the peak wavelength is taken as the first point.
- the intersection point between the absorption peak and a straight line parallel to the wavelength axis containing 25% of the absorbance, which is longer than the peak wavelength of the absorption peak, is defined as a second point.
- the intersection of the straight line connecting the first point and the second point and the reference line is defined as the light absorption terminal wavelength.
- the reference line is the intersection of the absorption peak and the straight line parallel to the wavelength axis including the absorbance of 10% at the absorption peak of the longest wavelength, where the absorbance of the absorption peak is 100%.
- the third point on the absorption spectrum that is 100 nm longer than the reference wavelength and the absorption spectrum that is 150 nm longer than the reference wavelength with reference to the wavelength of the intersection that is longer than the peak wavelength of the absorption peak A straight line connecting the top and the fourth point.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has one or more active layers containing a compound having a structural unit of the formula (1) between a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent.
- a preferable form of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention it has an active layer formed of a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and an organic composition of a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor. .
- the layer form of the active layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a bulk heterojunction type active layer (pn mixed layer) formed of a mixture of a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor, A pn junction type active layer formed by joining two layers of a layer formed of a p-type organic semiconductor (p-type layer) and a layer formed of an n-type organic semiconductor (n-type layer). Alternatively, it may be a pin junction type active layer in which a pn type layer is provided between a p type layer and an n type layer.
- the compound having the structural unit of the formula (1) is preferably used as a p-type organic semiconductor.
- Light energy incident from a transparent or translucent electrode is an electron-accepting compound (n-type organic semiconductor) such as a fullerene derivative and / or an electron-donating compound (p-type organic semiconductor) such as a compound used in the present invention. Absorbed, producing excitons in which electrons and holes are combined. When the generated excitons move and reach the heterojunction interface where the electron-accepting compound and the electron-donating compound are adjacent to each other, electrons and holes are separated due to the difference in HOMO energy and LUMO energy at the interface, Electric charges (electrons and holes) that can move independently are generated. The generated charges can be taken out as electric energy (current) by moving to the electrodes.
- n-type organic semiconductor such as a fullerene derivative and / or an electron-donating compound (p-type organic semiconductor) such as a compound used in the present invention. Absorbed, producing excitons in which electrons and holes are combined. When the generated excitons move and reach the heterojunction interface where the electron-accepting compound and the
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is usually formed on a substrate.
- the substrate may be any substrate that does not chemically change when the electrodes are formed and the organic layer is formed.
- Examples of the material for the substrate include glass, plastic, polymer film, and silicon.
- the opposite electrode that is, the electrode far from the substrate
- a first active layer containing the compound used in the present invention is adjacent to the first active layer between a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or translucent.
- the photoelectric conversion element includes a second active layer containing an electron-accepting compound such as a fullerene derivative.
- the transparent or translucent electrode material examples include a conductive metal oxide film and a translucent metal thin film. Specifically, it is composed of indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), antimony tin oxide (NESA), and the like, which are composites thereof.
- ITO indium oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- NESA antimony tin oxide
- a film manufactured using a conductive material, a film manufactured using gold, platinum, silver, copper, or the like is used, and a film manufactured using ITO, IZO, or tin oxide is preferable.
- the method for producing the electrode include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, and the like.
- One electrode may not be transparent, and as an electrode material of the electrode, for example, a metal, a conductive polymer, or the like can be used.
- the electrode material include metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, and the like.
- one or more alloys selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and tin.
- Examples include alloys with metals, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, and polythiophene and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the alloy include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, and calcium-aluminum alloy.
- An additional intermediate layer other than the active layer may be used as a means for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the material used for the intermediate layer include alkali metals such as lithium fluoride, halides of alkaline earth metals, oxides such as titanium oxide, and PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
- the active layer may contain one kind of compound having the structural unit represented by the formula (1) alone, or may contain two or more kinds in combination.
- a compound other than the compound having the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is mixed as an electron donating compound and / or an electron accepting compound in the active layer. Can also be used.
- the electron-donating compound and the electron-accepting compound are relatively determined from the energy levels of these compounds.
- Examples of the electron donating compound include compounds having a structural unit represented by the formula (1), for example, pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole, and Derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives having aromatic amine residues in the side chain or main chain, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene And derivatives thereof.
- pyrazoline derivatives for example, pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole, and Derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives having aromatic amine residues
- the electron-accepting compound in addition to the compound having the structural unit represented by the formula (1), for example, carbon materials, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, Benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and its derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoline And derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, phenanthrene derivatives such as 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (basocuproin), fullerene, fullerene Derivatives and the like, preferably, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, fuller
- Examples of the fullerene derivative include a compound represented by the formula (13), a compound represented by the formula (14), a compound represented by the formula (15), and a compound represented by the formula (16).
- R a is an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group or a group having an ester structure.
- a plurality of R a may be the same or different.
- R b represents an alkyl group or an aryl group, and a plurality of R b may be the same or different.
- alkyl group and aryl group represented by R a and R b are the same as the definitions and specific examples of the alkyl group and aryl group represented by R 3 .
- the heteroaryl group represented by Ra usually has 3 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a thienyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a furyl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.
- Examples of the group having an ester structure represented by Ra include a group represented by the formula (17).
- u1 represents an integer of 1 to 6
- u2 represents an integer of 0 to 6
- R c represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- alkyl group, aryl group and heteroaryl group represented by R c are the same as the definitions and specific examples of the alkyl group, aryl group and heteroaryl group represented by R a .
- C 60 fullerene derivative examples include the following.
- C 70 derivative examples include the following.
- fullerene derivatives include [6,6] phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (C60PCBM, [6,6] -phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester (C70PCBM). , [6,6] -Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester, [6,6] Phenyl-C85 butyric acid methyl ester (C84PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C85 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] And C61 butyric acid methyl ester ([6,6] -Thienyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester).
- the ratio of the fullerene derivative is preferably 10 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compound, More preferably, it is 500 parts by weight.
- the thickness of the active layer is usually preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- the method for producing the active layer may be produced by any method, and examples thereof include film formation from a solution containing a compound having the structural unit of formula (1), and film formation by vacuum deposition.
- Examples of the layer structure that the photoelectric conversion element can take include the following a) to d).
- a) Anode / active layer / cathode b) Anode / hole transport layer / active layer / cathode c) Anode / active layer / electron transport layer / cathode d) Anode / hole transport layer / active layer / electron transport layer / cathode (Here, the symbol “/” indicates that the layers sandwiching the symbol “/” are adjacently stacked.)
- the layer configuration may be any of a form in which the anode is provided on the side closer to the substrate and a form in which the cathode is provided on the side closer to the substrate.
- Each of the above layers may be formed as a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers. In addition to the above, other layers may be further provided.
- a preferred method for producing a photoelectric conversion element is a method for producing an element having a first electrode and a second electrode, and having an active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, Applying a solution (ink) containing a compound having a structural unit of formula (1) and a solvent on the first electrode by a coating method to form an active layer; and forming a second electrode on the active layer It is the manufacturing method of the element which has the process to form.
- the solvent used for film formation from a solution dissolves the polymer compound used in the present invention. If it is.
- the solvent include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane.
- Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, and halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene
- the solvent include ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran.
- the polymer compound used in the present invention can usually be dissolved in the solvent in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more.
- slit coating method When forming a film using a solution, slit coating method, knife coating method, spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method, Application methods such as spray coating, screen printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, inkjet coating, dispenser printing, nozzle coating, capillary coating, slit coating, capillary A coating method, a gravure coating method, a micro gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a knife coating method, a nozzle coating method, an ink jet coating method, and a spin coating method are preferable.
- the surface tension of the solvent at 25 ° C. is preferably larger than 15 mN / m, more preferably larger than 15 mN / m and smaller than 100 mN / m, larger than 25 mN / m and larger than 60 mN / m. It is more preferable that the value is small.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can be operated as an organic thin film solar cell by generating a photovoltaic force between the electrodes by irradiating light such as sunlight from a transparent or translucent electrode. It can also be used as an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality of organic thin film solar cells.
- a photocurrent flows and it can be operated as an organic photosensor. It can also be used as an organic image sensor by integrating a plurality of organic photosensors.
- the organic thin film solar cell can basically have the same module structure as a conventional solar cell module.
- the solar cell module generally has a structure in which cells are formed on a support substrate such as metal or ceramic, and the cell is covered with a filling resin or protective glass, and light is taken in from the opposite side of the support substrate. It is also possible to use a transparent material such as tempered glass for the support substrate, configure a cell thereon, and take in light from the transparent support substrate side.
- a module structure called a super straight type, a substrate type, and a potting type, a substrate integrated module structure used in an amorphous silicon solar cell, and the like are known.
- the module structure of the organic thin film solar cell of the present invention can be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose of use, the place of use, and the environment.
- a typical super straight type or substrate type module cells are arranged at regular intervals between support substrates that are transparent on one or both sides and subjected to antireflection treatment, and adjacent cells are connected by metal leads or flexible wiring.
- the current collector electrode is connected to the outer edge portion, and the generated power is taken out to the outside.
- plastic materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) may be used between the substrate and the cell in the form of a film or a filling resin depending on the purpose in order to protect the cell and improve the current collection efficiency.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the surface protective layer is made of a transparent plastic film, or the protective function is achieved by curing the filling resin. It is possible to eliminate the supporting substrate on one side.
- the periphery of the support substrate is fixed in a sandwich shape with a metal frame in order to ensure internal sealing and module rigidity, and the support substrate and the frame are hermetically sealed with a sealing material.
- a flexible material is used for the cell itself, the support substrate, the filling material, and the sealing material, a solar cell can be formed on the curved surface.
- a solar cell using a flexible support such as a polymer film
- cells are sequentially formed while feeding out a roll-shaped support, cut to a desired size, and then the periphery is sealed with a flexible and moisture-proof material.
- the battery body can be produced.
- a module structure called “SCAF” described in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48, p383-391 may be used.
- a solar cell using a flexible support can be used by being bonded and fixed to a curved glass or the like.
- Organic thin film transistor The polymer compound used in the present invention can also be used for an organic thin film transistor.
- the organic thin film transistor has a configuration including a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) serving as a current path between these electrodes, and a gate electrode for controlling the amount of current passing through the current path.
- the organic semiconductor layer is constituted by the organic thin film described above. Examples of such an organic thin film transistor include a field effect type and an electrostatic induction type.
- a field effect organic thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) serving as a current path between them, a gate electrode for controlling the amount of current passing through the current path, and an organic semiconductor layer and a gate electrode It is preferable to provide an insulating layer disposed between the two.
- the source electrode and the drain electrode are preferably provided in contact with the organic semiconductor layer (active layer), and the gate electrode is preferably provided with an insulating layer in contact with the organic semiconductor layer interposed therebetween.
- the organic semiconductor layer is constituted by an organic thin film containing the polymer compound used in the present invention.
- the electrostatic induction organic thin film transistor which is one embodiment of the organic thin film transistor of the present invention controls a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer (active layer) serving as a current path between them, and an amount of current passing through the current path. It is preferable to have a gate electrode, and this gate electrode is provided in the organic semiconductor layer. In particular, it is preferably provided in contact with the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- the structure of the gate electrode may be a structure in which a current path flowing from the source electrode to the drain electrode is formed and the amount of current flowing through the current path can be controlled by a voltage applied to the gate electrode. An electrode is mentioned.
- the organic semiconductor layer is composed of an organic thin film containing the compound used in the present invention.
- the thickness of the active layer is usually preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- the organic thin film transistor of the present invention can be produced by mixing a compound having a structural unit represented by the above formula (1) or the like with an organic semiconductor layer (active layer).
- an organic semiconductor layer active layer
- the same method as the film forming method in the above-mentioned “photoelectric conversion element manufacturing method” can be employed.
- NMR measurement The NMR measurement was performed by dissolving the compound in deuterated chloroform and using an NMR apparatus (Varian, INOVA300).
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: LC-10Avp).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the polymer compound to be measured was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to a concentration of about 0.5% by weight, and 30 ⁇ L was injected into GPC. Tetrahydrofuran was used as the mobile phase of GPC, and flowed at a flow rate of 0.6 mL / min.
- TSKgel SuperHM-H manufactured by Tosoh
- TSKgel SuperH2000 manufactured by Tosoh
- a differential refractive index detector manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: RID-10A was used as the detector.
- reaction solution was cooled to ⁇ 25 ° C., and a solution obtained by dissolving 60 g (236 mmol) of iodine in 1000 mL of diethyl ether was added dropwise to the reaction solution over 30 minutes. After dropping, the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 2 hours, and 50 mL of 1N aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was added to stop the reaction. After extracting the reaction product with diethyl ether, the reaction product was dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain 35 g of a crude product. The crude product was purified by recrystallization using chloroform to obtain 28 g of Compound 1.
- the oil layer which is a chloroform solution was dried with magnesium sulfate, the oil layer was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain a crude product.
- the composition was purified with a silica gel column (developing solution: chloroform) to obtain 3.26 g of compound 3. The operation so far was performed several times.
- a uniform solution was prepared by adding 3.85 g (20.0 mmol) of Compound 3, 50 mL of chloroform, and 50 mL of trifluoroacetic acid to a 300 mL four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and replacing the gas in the flask with argon. To the solution was added 5.99 g (60 mmol) of sodium perborate monohydrate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 45 minutes. Thereafter, 200 mL of water was added, the reaction product was extracted with chloroform, the organic layer, which was a chloroform solution, was passed through a silica gel column, and the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off with an evaporator.
- a 200 mL flask in which the gas in the flask was replaced with argon was charged with 389 mg (0.929 mmol) of Compound 6 and 12 mL of dehydrated DMF to make a uniform solution.
- the solution was kept at ⁇ 20 ° C., 339 mg (1.90 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide (hereinafter also referred to as NBS) was added, reacted at ⁇ 20 ° C. for 3 hours, and then at 0 ° C. for 1 hour. Reacted.
- 50 mL of a 1N aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was added to stop the reaction, and the reaction product was extracted with ether.
- the toluene layer was washed twice with 10 mL of water, twice with 10 mL of 3% aqueous acetic acid and twice with 10 mL of water, and the obtained toluene layer was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected. This precipitate was dried under reduced pressure and then dissolved in chloroform. Next, the obtained chloroform solution was filtered to remove insoluble matters, and then passed through an alumina column for purification. The obtained chloroform solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, poured into methanol and precipitated, and the generated precipitate was collected. This precipitate was washed with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain 40 mg of a polymer.
- polymer A this polymer is referred to as polymer A.
- the polymer A had a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 17,000 and a polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight of 5,000.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer A was 925 nm.
- the organic layer was washed twice with 20 ml of water, twice with 20 mL of a 3 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution and twice with 20 mL of water, and the obtained solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer.
- the polymer is filtered and dried, the resulting polymer is dissolved again in 30 mL of o-dichlorobenzene, passed through an alumina / silica gel column, and the resulting solution is poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer.
- the polymer is filtered and dried.
- this polymer is referred to as polymer B.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer B was 930 nm.
- the reaction solution was cooled to around room temperature (25 ° C.), and then the obtained reaction solution was allowed to stand and a separated toluene layer was recovered.
- the toluene layer was washed twice with 10 mL of water, twice with 10 mL of 3% aqueous acetic acid and twice with 10 mL of water, and the obtained toluene layer was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected. This precipitate was dried under reduced pressure and then dissolved in chloroform. Next, the obtained chloroform solution was filtered to remove insoluble matters, and then passed through an alumina column for purification.
- polymer C This polymer was referred to as polymer C.
- the polymer C had a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 446,000 and a polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight of 169000.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer C was 550 nm.
- C60PCBM phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester
- the thus prepared organic film had a light absorption terminal wavelength of 920 nm. Then, lithium fluoride was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 2 nm on the organic film by a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and then Al was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the shape of the obtained organic thin film solar cell was a square of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
- the obtained organic thin film solar cell is irradiated with a certain amount of light using a solar simulator (trade name OTENTO-SUNII: AM1.5G filter, irradiance 100 mW / cm 2 , manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd.), and the generated current and voltage are measured.
- Jsc short circuit current density
- Voc open circuit voltage
- ff fill factor
- photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ⁇ ) was 1.18%.
- Example 2 In Example 1, a device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner except that xylene was used instead of orthodichlorobenzene. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer C was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a 100 mL four-necked flask in which the gas in the flask was replaced with argon was charged with 1.00 g (4.80 mmol) of Compound 4 and 30 ml of dehydrated THF to obtain a uniform solution. While maintaining the flask at ⁇ 20 ° C., 12.7 mL of 1M 3,7-dimethyloctylmagnesium bromide ether solution was added. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to ⁇ 5 ° C. over 30 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 0 ° C. over 10 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer D was 755 nm.
- the organic layer was washed twice with 20 ml of water, twice with 20 mL of a 3 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution and twice with 20 mL of water, and the obtained solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer.
- the polymer is filtered and dried, the resulting polymer is dissolved again in 30 mL of o-dichlorobenzene, passed through an alumina / silica gel column, and the resulting solution is poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer.
- the polymer is filtered and dried.
- 280 mg of a purified polymer was obtained.
- this polymer is referred to as polymer E.
- Comparative Example 2 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer E was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer A was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a uniform solution was obtained by adding 1.33 g (2.80 mmol) of Compound 6c and 20 mL of dehydrated DMF to a 200 mL flask in which the gas in the flask was replaced with argon. The solution was kept at ⁇ 30 ° C., 1040 mg (5.84 mmol) of NBS was added thereto, and the temperature was raised from ⁇ 30 ° C. to ⁇ 10 ° C. over 30 minutes. After confirming the disappearance of compound 6c by liquid chromatography (LC), 50 ml of 1M aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was added to stop the reaction, and the reaction product was extracted with ether.
- LC liquid chromatography
- Synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 12 except that Compound 7c was used instead of Compound 7b, and Polymer F was obtained.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer F was 930 nm.
- Example 4 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer F was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- an aqueous potassium carbonate solution (27.6 wt%, 1.50 g, 3.00 mmol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes while stirring at a temperature at which THF was refluxed.
- phenylboric acid (3.66 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was further stirred for 1 hour, and then the reaction was stopped.
- 2 g of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and 20 mL of water were added to the reaction solution, followed by stirring under reflux for 2 hours.
- the organic layer was washed twice with 20 ml of water, twice with 20 mL of a 3 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution and twice with 20 mL of water, and the obtained solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer.
- the polymer is filtered and dried, the resulting polymer is dissolved again in 30 mL of o-dichlorobenzene, passed through an alumina / silica gel column, and the resulting solution is poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer.
- the polymer is filtered and dried.
- 242 mg of a purified polymer was obtained.
- this polymer is referred to as polymer G.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer G was 930 nm.
- Example 5 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer G was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer H measured by GPC was 64,000 in weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 18,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer H was 910 nm.
- Example 6 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer H was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer I measured by GPC was 103,000 in weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 50,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer I was 805 nm.
- Example 7 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer I was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the compound 5d was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 14 except that an ether solution (1M) of n-dodecylmagnesium bromide was used instead of the ether solution (1M) of 3,7-dimethyloctylmagnesium bromide.
- 1 H NMR in CDCl 3 ppm: 7.24 (d, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 1.80 ( b, 4H), 1.33 (b, 40H), 0.87 (s, 6H)
- the compound 6d was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 15 except that the compound 5d was used instead of the compound 5c.
- the compound 11d was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 16 except that the compound 6d was used instead of the compound 6c.
- the compound 12d was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 17 except that the compound 11d was used instead of the compound 11.
- the compound 13d was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 18 except that the compound 12d was used instead of the compound 12.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer J measured by GPC was 80,000 for the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 25,000 for the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer J was 815 nm.
- Example 8 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer J was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the polymer K was 930 nm.
- Example 9 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer K was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer L was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 A device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer D was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) In Example 1, a device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner except that the polymer M was used instead of the polymer B. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 (Production of organic transistors) A silicon substrate having a silicon thermal oxide film having a thickness of 300 nm and n-type silicon doped with antimony at a high concentration was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 10 minutes, and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes. Then, the surface of the thermally oxidized film was silane-treated by spin-coating a toluene solution in which 5 drops of octadecyltrichlorosilane was added to 10 mL of toluene with a syringe on a silicon substrate. A silicon thermal oxide film acts as a gate insulating layer, and silicon doped with antimony at a high concentration acts as a gate electrode.
- the polymer J was dissolved in orthodichlorobenzene to prepare a solution having a concentration of the polymer J of 0.5% by weight, and the solution was filtered through a membrane filter to prepare a coating solution.
- the coating solution was applied onto the silane-treated n-type silicon substrate by a spin coating method to form a coating film of polymer J having a thickness of about 60 nm.
- the organic-semiconductor thin film of the polymer J was formed by heating this coating film for 30 minutes at 170 degreeC in nitrogen atmosphere.
- a metal mask is disposed on the organic semiconductor thin film, and molybdenum trioxide and gold are sequentially stacked on the organic semiconductor thin film by a vacuum deposition method, and a source electrode and a drain electrode having a stacked structure of molybdenum trioxide and gold are formed.
- An organic transistor was manufactured by manufacturing.
- the electrical characteristics of the organic transistor were measured using a semiconductor characteristic evaluation system (semiconductor parameter analyzer 4200-SCS, manufactured by KEITHLEY). When the negative gate voltage applied to the gate electrode is increased, the negative drain current is also increased. Therefore, it was confirmed that the organic transistor was a p-type organic transistor.
- the saturation field effect mobility ⁇ of the carrier in the organic transistor was calculated using the following formula (a) representing the drain current Id in the saturation region of the electrical characteristics of the organic transistor.
- Id (W / 2L) ⁇ Ci (Vg ⁇ Vt) 2 (a) (In the formula, L represents the channel length of the organic transistor, W represents the channel width of the organic transistor, Ci represents the capacitance per unit area of the gate insulating film, Vg represents the gate voltage, and Vt represents the threshold voltage of the gate voltage.)
- the field effect mobility (carrier mobility) of the carrier was 0.074 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- Example 13 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer G was used in place of the polymer J, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated.
- the carrier mobility was 0.153 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- Example 14 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer I was used instead of the polymer J, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated.
- the carrier mobility was 6.80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 4 .
- Example 15 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer H was used instead of the polymer J, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated. Carrier mobility was 0.029cm 2 / Vs, the on / off current ratio was 10 5.
- Example 16 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer L was used instead of the polymer J, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated.
- the carrier mobility was 5.49 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 4 .
- Example 17 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the polymer D was used instead of the polymer J, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated.
- the carrier mobility was 3.80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 5 .
- Example 18 In Example 12, instead of polymer J, polymer F, octadecyltrichlorosilane instead of ⁇ -PTS (betaphenyltrichlorosilane), orthodichlorobenzene instead of chloroform, and heat treatment temperature changed to 170 ° C to 120 ° C.
- An organic transistor element was prepared in the same manner as described above, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated. The carrier mobility was 7.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 4 .
- silica gel of the silica gel column silica gel previously immersed in hexane containing 5 wt% triethylamine for 5 minutes and then rinsed with hexane was used. After purification, 3.52 g (3.34 mmol) of compound 30 was obtained.
- 1 H NMR in CDCl 3 ppm: 6.72 (d, 1H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 1.95-1.80 (b, 4H), 1.65-1.00 (b 56H), 0.90-0.83 (m, 36H)
- the organic layer is washed twice with 50 ml of water, then twice with 50 mL of a 3 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution, then twice with 50 mL of water, and then 50 mL of 5% aqueous potassium fluoride solution. And then washed twice with 50 mL of water, and the resulting solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer. The polymer was filtered and dried, and the obtained polymer was redissolved in 50 mL of o-dichlorobenzene and passed through an alumina / silica gel column.
- Example 19 (Production and evaluation of ink and organic thin film solar cell) A glass substrate on which an ITO film was applied with a thickness of 150 nm by a sputtering method was subjected to surface treatment by ozone UV treatment. Next, the polymer P and fullerene C60PCBM (phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester, manufactured by Frontier Carbon Co.) were treated with orthodichlorobenzene so that the weight ratio of C60PCBM to the polymer P was 3. Ink 2 was produced. In ink 2, the total of the weight of polymer P and the weight of C60PCBM was 2.0% by weight with respect to the weight of ink 2. The ink 2 was applied onto a substrate by spin coating to produce an organic film containing the polymer P.
- C60PCBM phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester, manufactured by Frontier Carbon Co.
- the thickness of the organic film was about 100 nm. It was 890 nm when the light absorption terminal wavelength of the organic film was measured. Then, lithium fluoride was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 2 nm on the organic film by a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and then Al was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the shape of the obtained organic thin film solar cell was a square of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
- the obtained organic thin film solar cell is irradiated with a certain amount of light using a solar simulator (trade name OTENTO-SUNII: AM1.5G filter, irradiance 100 mW / cm 2 , manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd.), and the generated current and voltage are measured.
- Example 20 (Production and evaluation of ink and organic thin film solar cell)
- fullerene C70PCBM [6,6] phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester ([6,6] -Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester)
- fullerene C60PCBM was used instead of fullerene C60PCBM.
- a battery was prepared, and photoelectric conversion efficiency, short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor (curve factor) were determined.
- the light absorption terminal wavelength of the organic film is 890 nm
- Jsc short-circuit current density
- Voc open-circuit voltage
- ff fill factor (curve factor))
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ⁇ ) was 6.72%.
- compound 42 (1.214 g, 0.868 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (40 mL) were added, and argon bubbling was performed at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 30 minutes. After cooling to 0 ° C., NBS (340 mg, 1.91 mmol) was added, and the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. The disappearance of the raw material was confirmed after 1 hour. Then, the sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution was added to the reaction liquid, and the organic layer was extracted using hexane.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- compound 52 (1.500 g, 2.145 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) were added, and argon bubbling was performed at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 30 minutes. After cooling to ⁇ 30 ° C., N-bromosuccinimide (343.3 mg, 1.931 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at ⁇ 10 ° C. for 2 hours. Water was put into the system, diethyl ether extraction was performed, and column purification using hexane was performed. By drying, 1.657 g of compound 53 was obtained.
- compound 54 (1.166 g, 0.744 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (120 mL) were added, and argon bubbling was performed at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 30 minutes. After cooling to 0 ° C., NBS (291 mg, 1.64 mmol) was added, and the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. The disappearance of the raw material was confirmed after 1 hour. Then, the sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution was added to the reaction liquid, and the organic layer was extracted using hexane.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer V measured by GPC was a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 25,000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000.
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer V was 940 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer W measured by GPC was a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 8,500 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 4,000.
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer W was 940 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer X measured by GPC was a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 25,000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000.
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer X was 940 nm.
- the organic layer was washed twice with 30 ml of water, twice with 30 mL of an acetic acid aqueous solution (3 wt.%), And further twice with 30 mL of water, and poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer. I let you.
- the polymer was filtered and dried, and the resulting polymer was dissolved in toluene, passed through an alumina / silica gel column, and the resulting solution was poured into methanol to precipitate the polymer.
- the polymer was filtered and dried to obtain 156 mg of polymer Y.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 76,000, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) was 31,000.
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Y was 940 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z measured by GPC was a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 35,000 and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 15,000.
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z was 950 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z2 measured by GPC was 240,000 for the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 90,000 for the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z2 was 950 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z3 measured by GPC was 300,000 for the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 100,000 for the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z3 was 950 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z4 measured by GPC was 101,000 for the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 32,000 for the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z4 was 940 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z5 measured by GPC was 70,000 for the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 27,000 for the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z5 was 940 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z6 measured by GPC was 116,000 for the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 40,000 for the number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z6 was 950 nm.
- the molecular weight (polystyrene conversion) of the polymer Z7 measured by GPC was 55,000 in weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 20,000 in number average molecular weight (Mn).
- the absorption edge wavelength of the polymer Z7 was 940 nm.
- Example 21 (Production of organic transistors) A highly doped n-type silicon substrate having a 300 nm thick thermal oxide film was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone for 10 minutes, and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the surface of the thermal oxide film was subjected to silane treatment by spin-coating ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane diluted at a rate of 5 drops (dropped and collected with a syringe) into 10 ml of toluene.
- the polymer X was dissolved in orthodichlorobenzene to prepare a solution having a concentration of the polymer X of 0.5% by weight, and the solution was filtered through a membrane filter to prepare a coating solution.
- the coating solution was applied onto the surface-treated substrate by spin coating to form a polymer X coating film (thickness: about 30 nm). Further, the coating film was heat-treated at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to form an organic semiconductor thin film of polymer X.
- an organic transistor was manufactured by forming a source electrode and a drain electrode having a laminated structure of molybdenum trioxide and gold from the organic semiconductor thin film side on the organic semiconductor thin film by a vacuum vapor deposition method using a metal mask.
- Example 22 Evaluation of organic transistors
- the electrical characteristics of the organic transistor were measured using a semiconductor parameter 4200 (manufactured by KEITHLEY).
- the change curve of the drain current (Id) with respect to the drain voltage (Vd) of the organic transistor using the polymer X is good, and when the negative gate voltage applied to the gate electrode is increased, the negative drain current is increased.
- the organic transistor was a p-type organic transistor.
- the field effect mobility ⁇ of carriers in the organic transistor was calculated using the following formula (a) that represents the drain current Id in the saturation region of the electrical characteristics of the organic transistor.
- Example 23 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Y was used in place of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.07 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 24 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Z was used instead of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.06 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 25 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Z2 was used instead of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.13 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 26 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Z3 was used instead of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.25 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 27 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Z4 was used instead of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.12 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 28 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Z5 was used instead of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22. Carrier mobility was 0.04 cm 2 / Vs, the on / off current ratio was 10 5. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 29 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer Z6 was used instead of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.32 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 30 An organic transistor element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the polymer K was used in place of the polymer X, and the transistor characteristics were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 22.
- the carrier mobility was 0.30 cm 2 / Vs, and the on / off current ratio was 10 6 .
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 31 (Production and evaluation of ink and organic thin film solar cell) A glass substrate provided with an ITO film with a thickness of 150 nm by a sputtering method was subjected to surface treatment by ozone UV treatment. Next, polymer X and fullerene C60PCBM (phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester, manufactured by Frontier Carbon Co., Ltd.) were adjusted so that the weight ratio of C60PCBM to the weight of polymer X was 3. An ink was prepared by dissolving in orthodichlorobenzene. The total weight of the polymer X and the C60PCBM was 2.0% by weight based on the weight of the ink.
- C60PCBM phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester
- the ink was applied onto a glass substrate by spin coating to produce an organic film containing the polymer X.
- the film thickness was about 100 nm.
- the light absorption edge wavelength of the organic film thus produced was 940 nm.
- lithium fluoride was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 2 nm on the organic film by a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and then Al was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 100 nm to produce an organic thin film solar cell.
- the shape of the obtained organic thin film solar cell was a square of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
- the obtained organic thin film solar cell is irradiated with a certain amount of light using a solar simulator (trade name OTENTO-SUNII: AM1.5G filter, irradiance 100 mW / cm 2 , manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd.), and the generated current and voltage are measured.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency, short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor were determined. Jsc (short circuit current density) is 11.20 mA / cm 2 , Voc (open circuit voltage) is 0.62 V, ff (fill factor) is 0.67, and photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ⁇ ) Was 4.63%.
- the results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 32 An ink and an organic thin film solar cell were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31 except that the polymer Y was used instead of the polymer W.
- Jsc short circuit current density
- Voc open circuit voltage
- ff fill factor
- photoelectric conversion efficiency ⁇
- Example 33 An ink and an organic thin film solar cell were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31 except that the polymer Z2 was used instead of the polymer W.
- Jsc short circuit current density
- Voc open-circuit voltage
- ff fill factor (curve factor)
- photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ⁇ ) was 3.11%. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 34 An ink and an organic thin film solar cell were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31 except that the polymer Z3 was used instead of the polymer W. Jsc (short circuit current density) is 10.73 mA / cm 2 , Voc (open end voltage) is 0.58 V, ff (fill factor) is 0.65, and photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ⁇ ) was 4.02%. The results are shown in Table 5.
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Abstract
Description
ここでR50、R51、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、及びR8は、同一又は相異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は1価の有機基を表す。該1価の有機基としては、アルキル基、アルキルオキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、アリールチオ基、アリールアルキル基、アリールアルキルオキシ基、アリールアルキルチオ基、アシル基、アシルオキシ基、アミド基、酸イミド基、アミノ基、置換アミノ基、置換シリル基、置換シリルオキシ基、置換シリルチオ基、置換シリルアミノ基、1価の複素環基、複素環オキシ基、複素環チオ基、アリールアルケニル基、アリールアルキニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基が挙げられる。
複素環オキシ基は、その炭素原子数が通常4~60程度である。複素環オキシ基の具体例としては、チエニルオキシ基、C1~C12アルキルチエニルオキシ基、ピロリルオキシ基、フリルオキシ基、ピリジルオキシ基、C1~C12アルキルピリジルオキシ基、イミダゾリルオキシ基、ピラゾリルオキシ基、トリアゾリルオキシ基、オキサゾリルオキシ基、チアゾールオキシ基、チアジアゾールオキシ基が挙げられる。
複素環チオ基は、その炭素原子数が通常4~60程度である。複素環チオ基の具体例としては、チエニルメルカプト基、C1~C12アルキルチエニルメルカプト基、ピロリルメルカプト基、フリルメルカプト基、ピリジルメルカプト基、C1~C12アルキルピリジルメルカプト基、イミダゾリルメルカプト基、ピラゾリルメルカプト基、トリアゾリルメルカプト基、オキサゾリルメルカプト基、チアゾールメルカプト基、チアジアゾールメルカプト基が挙げられる。
R’’は、同一又は相異なり、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、置換シリル基、アシル基又は1価の複素環基を表す。
R’’で表される、アルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、置換シリル基、1価の複素環基の定義、具体例は、前述のR3で表されるアルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、置換シリル基、1価の複素環基の定義、具体例と同じである。
式(1)で表される構造単位とは異なる構造単位としては、2価の基が挙げられ、2価の基としては、例えば、アリーレン基、2価の複素環基が挙げられる。
アリーレン基の具体例としては、フェニレン基(例えば、下記の式1~3)、ナフタレンジイル基(下記の式4~13)、アントラセンジイル基(下記の式14~19)、ビフェニル-ジイル基(下記の式20~25)、ターフェニル-ジイル基(下記の式26~28)、縮合環化合物基(下記の式29~38)などが例示される。縮合環化合物基には、フルオレン-ジイル基(下記の式36~38)が含まれる。
ここに複素環化合物とは、環式構造をもつ有機化合物のうち、環を構成する元素が炭素原子だけでなく、酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ホウ素原子、ヒ素原子などのヘテロ原子を環内に含むものをいう。
ヘテロ原子として、窒素原子を含む2価の複素環基:ピリジン-ジイル基(下記の式39~44)、ジアザフェニレン基(下記の式45~48)、キノリンジイル基(下記の式49~63)、キノキサリンジイル基(下記の式64~68)、アクリジンジイル基(下記の式69~72)、ビピリジルジイル基(下記の式73~75)、フェナントロリンジイル基(下記の式76~78);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子などを含みフルオレン構造を有する基(下記の式79~93);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子などを含む5員環複素環基(下記の式94~98);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子などを含む5員環縮合複素基(下記の式99~110);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子などを含む5員環複素環基でそのヘテロ原子のα位で結合し2量体やオリゴマーになっている基(下記の式111~112);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子などを含む5員環複素環基でそのヘテロ原子のα位でフェニル基に結合している基(下記の式113~119);
ヘテロ原子として酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、などを含む5員環縮合複素環基にフェニル基やフリル基、チエニル基が置換した基(下記の式120~127);
ヘテロ原子として窒素原子、硫黄原子、セレン原子などを含む5員環複素環が縮合した基(下記の式128~139);ベンゼン環とチオフェン環が縮合した基(下記の式140~143)などを例示することが出来る。
本発明における高分子化合物とは、重量平均分子量(Mw)が1000以上のものを指すが、重量平均分子量が3000~10000000の高分子化合物が好ましく用いられる。重量平均分子量が3000より低いとデバイス作製時の膜形成に欠陥が生じることがあり、10000000より大きいと溶媒への溶解性や素子作製時の塗布性が低下することがある。重量平均分子量としてさらに好ましくは8000~5000000であり、特に好ましくは10000~1000000である。
なお、本発明における重量平均分子量とは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)を用い、ポリスチレンの標準試料を用いて算出したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量のことを指す。
Q100-E1-Q200 (100)
〔式中、E1は、芳香環を含む2価の基を表す。Q100及びQ200は、同一又は相異なり、ボロン酸残基又はホウ酸エステル残基を表す。〕
で表される1種類以上の化合物と、式(200):
T1-E2-T2 (200)
〔式中、E2は、式(1)で表される基を含む構造単位を表す。T1及びT2は、同一又は相異なり、ハロゲン原子、アルキルスルホネート基、アリールスルホネート基又はアリールアルキルスルホネート基を表す。〕
で表される1種類以上の化合物とを、パラジウム触媒及び塩基の存在下で反応させる工程を有する製造方法が挙げられる。E1として好ましくは2価の芳香族基であり、さらに好ましくは前述の式1~式143で表される基が挙げられる。
塩基の添加量は、式(100)で表される化合物1モルに対して、通常、0.5モル~100モル、好ましくは0.9モル~20モル、さらに好ましくは1モル~10モルである。
なお、塩基を水溶液として加え、水相と有機相の2相系で反応させる場合は、必要に応じて、第4級アンモニウム塩などの相間移動触媒を加えてもよい。
Q300-E3-Q400 (300)
〔式中、E3は、芳香環を含む2価の基を表す。Q300及びQ400は、同一又は相異なり、有機スズ残基を表す。〕
で表される1種類以上の化合物と、前記式(200)で表される1種類以上の化合物とを、パラジウム触媒の存在下で反応させる工程を有する製造方法が挙げられる。E3として好ましくは2価の芳香族基であり、さらに好ましくは前述の式1~式143で表される基である。
Stilleカップリング反応に使用するパラジウム触媒としては、例えば、Pd(0)触媒、Pd(II)触媒等が挙げられ、具体的には、パラジウム[テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)]、パラジウムアセテート類、ジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム、パラジウムアセテート、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウムが挙げられ、反応(重合)操作の容易さ、反応(重合)速度の観点からは、パラジウム[テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)]、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウムが好ましい。
配位子又は助触媒を用いる場合、配位子又は助触媒の添加量は、パラジウム触媒1モルに対して、通常、0.5モル~100モルであり、好ましくは0.9モル~20モル、さらに好ましくは1モル~10モルである。
前記反応を行う時間(反応時間)は、目的の重合度に達したときを終点としてもよいが、通常、0.1時間~200時間程度である。1時間~30時間程度が効率的で好ましい。
本発明の光電変換素子は、少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極間に、式(1)の構造単位を有する化合物を含む1層以上の活性層を有する。
本発明の光電変換素子の好ましい形態としては、少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、p型の有機半導体とn型の有機半導体との有機組成物から形成される活性層を有する。活性層の層形態は特に限定されず、例えば、p型の有機半導体とn型の有機半導体の混合物で形成されるバルクへテロ接合型の活性層(pn混合層)であってもよいし、p型の有機半導体で形成された層(p型層)とn型の有機半導体で形成された層(n型層)の二層が接合して構成されるpn接合型の活性層であってもよいし、あるいは、p型層とn型層との間にpn型層を設けたpin接合型の活性層であってもよい。式(1)の構造単位を有する化合物は、p型の有機半導体として用いることが好ましい。
前記活性層は、式(1)で表される構造単位を有する化合物を一種単独で含んでいても二種以上を組み合わせて含んでいてもよい。また、前記活性層のホール輸送性を高めるため、前記活性層中に電子供与性化合物及び/又は電子受容性化合物として、式(1)で表される構造単位を有する化合物以外の化合物を混合して用いることもできる。なお、前記電子供与性化合物、前記電子受容性化合物は、これらの化合物のエネルギー準位のエネルギーレベルから相対的に決定される。
フラーレン、フラーレン誘導体としてはC60、C70、C76、C78、C84及びその誘導体が挙げられる。フラーレン誘導体は、置換基を有するフラーレンを表す。
a)陽極/活性層/陰極
b)陽極/正孔輸送層/活性層/陰極
c)陽極/活性層/電子輸送層/陰極
d)陽極/正孔輸送層/活性層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ここで、記号「/」は、記号「/」を挟む層同士が隣接して積層されていることを示す。)
上記層構成は、陽極が基板により近い側に設けられる形態、及び陰極が基板により近い側に設けられる形態のいずれであってもよい。
上記各層は、単層で構成されるのみならず、2層以上の積層体として構成されていてもよい。また、上記の他に、他の層をさらに設けてもよい。
光電変換素子の好ましい製造方法は、第1の電極と第2の電極とを有し、該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に活性層を有する素子の製造方法であって、該第1の電極上に式(1)の構造単位を有する化合物と溶媒とを含む溶液(インク)を塗布法により塗布して活性層を形成する工程、該活性層上に第2の電極を形成する工程を有する素子の製造方法である。
本発明の光電変換素子は、透明又は半透明の電極から太陽光等の光を照射することにより、電極間に光起電力が発生し、有機薄膜太陽電池として動作させることができる。有機薄膜太陽電池を複数集積することにより有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールとして用いることもできる。
有機薄膜太陽電池は、従来の太陽電池モジュールと基本的には同様のモジュール構造をとりうる。太陽電池モジュールは、一般的には金属、セラミック等の支持基板の上にセルが構成され、その上を充填樹脂や保護ガラス等で覆い、支持基板の反対側から光を取り込む構造をとるが、支持基板に強化ガラス等の透明材料を用い、その上にセルを構成してその透明の支持基板側から光を取り込む構造とすることも可能である。具体的には、スーパーストレートタイプ、サブストレートタイプ、ポッティングタイプと呼ばれるモジュール構造、アモルファスシリコン太陽電池などで用いられる基板一体型モジュール構造等が知られている。本発明の有機薄膜太陽電池も使用目的や使用場所及び環境により、適宜これらのモジュール構造を選択できる。
本発明に用いられる高分子化合物は、有機薄膜トランジスタにも用いることができる。有機薄膜トランジスタとしては、ソース電極及びドレイン電極と、これらの電極間の電流経路となる有機半導体層(活性層)と、この電流経路を通る電流量を制御するゲート電極とを備えた構成を有するものが挙げられ、有機半導体層が上述した有機薄膜によって構成されるものである。このような有機薄膜トランジスタとしては、電界効果型、静電誘導型等が挙げられる。
NMR測定は、化合物を重クロロホルムに溶解させ、NMR装置(Varian社製、INOVA300)を用いて行った。
数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量については、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)(島津製作所製、商品名:LC-10Avp)によりポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量を求めた。測定する高分子化合物は、約0.5重量%の濃度になるようにテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、GPCに30μL注入した。GPCの移動相はテトラヒドロフランを用い、0.6mL/分の流速で流した。カラムは、TSKgel SuperHM-H(東ソー製)2本とTSKgel SuperH2000(東ソー製)1本を直列に繋げた。検出器には示差屈折率検出器(島津製作所製、商品名:RID-10A)を用いた。
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):7.64(d、1H)、7.43(d、1H)、7.27(d、1H)、7.10(d、1H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):7.24(d、1H)、7.19(d、1H)、6.98(d、1H)、6.76(d、1H)、1.79(b、4H)、1.32(b、24H)、0.86(s、6H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.99(d、1H)、6.94(d、1H)、6.69(d、1H)、6.60(d、1H)、1.80(b、4H)、1.32(b、24H)、0.86(s、6H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.65(s、1H)、6.63(s、1H)、1.81(b、4H)、1.33(b、24H)、0.87(s、6H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):7.25(d、1H)、7.20(d、1H)、6.99(d、1H)、6.76(d、1H)、1.76(s、4H)、1.49(b、2H)、1.29-1.04(m、16H)、0.80(s、6H)、0.71(s、6H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.98(d、1H)、6.93(d、1H)、6.68(d、1H)、6.59(d、1H)、1.78(s、4H)、1.50(b、2H)、1.30-1.05(m、16H)、0.81(s、6H)、0.72(s、6H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.63(1H)、6.59(1H)、1.74(s、4H)、1.50(b、2H)、1.37-1.01(m、16H)、0.87(s、6H)、0.77(s、6H)
(インク及び有機薄膜太陽電池の作製、評価)
スパッタ法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板を、オゾンUV処理して表面処理を行った。次に、重合体B及びフラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61-酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester、フロンティアカーボン社製)(重合体B/C60PCBMの重量比=1/3)をオルトジクロロベンゼンに溶解し(重合体BとC60PCBMとの重量の合計は2.0重量%)、インク1を製造した。該インク1を用い、スピンコートにより基板上に塗布して、重合体Bを含む有機膜を作製した(膜厚約100nm)。このようにして作製した有機膜の光吸収末端波長は920nmであった。その後、有機膜上に真空蒸着機によりフッ化リチウムを厚さ2nmで蒸着し、次いでAlを厚さ100nmで蒸着した。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池の形状は、2mm×2mmの正方形であった。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池にソーラシミュレーター(分光計器製、商品名OTENTO-SUNII:AM1.5Gフィルター、放射照度100mW/cm2)を用いて一定の光を照射し、発生する電流と電圧を測定して光電変換効率、短絡電流密度、開放電圧、フィルファクターを求めた。Jsc(短絡電流密度)は5.64mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.58Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))は0.36であり、光電変換効率(η)は1.18%であった。
実施例1において、オルトジクロロベンゼンの代わりにキシレンを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Cを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):8.42(b、1H)、7.25(d、1H)、7.20(d、1H)、6.99(d、1H)、6.76(d、1H)、2.73(b、1H)、1.90(m、4H)、1.58‐1.02(b、20H)、0.92(s、6H)、0.88(s、12H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.98(d、1H)、6.93(d、1H)、6.68(d、1H)、6.59(d、1H)、1.89(m、4H)、1.58‐1.00(b、20H)、0.87(s、6H)、0.86(s、12H)
1H NMR(CDCl3(ppm)):0.826(m, 18H), 1.08-1.47(m, 20H), 1.95(m, 4H), 6.65(d, 1H), 6.66(s, 1H), 6.98(s, 1H)
1H NMR(CDCl3(ppm)) : 0.826(m, 36H), 1.08-1.47(m, 40H), 1.95(m, 8H), 6.71(d, 2H), 7.04(d, 2H), 7.77(s, 2H), 7.79(s, 2H)
その後、反応液に純水を加え、ヘキサンを用いて有機層の抽出を行った。その後、反応液に純水を加え、トルエン層を分離後、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、粗生成物を得た。ヘキサンを展開溶媒に用いたシリカゲルカラムで粗生成物の精製を行い、化合物13を2.11g得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3(ppm)) : 0.826(m, 36H), 1.08-1.47(m, 40H), 1.95(m, 8H), 6.72(s, 2H), 7.75(s, 2H), 7.77(s, 2H)
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Eを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Aを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.66(1H)、6.63(1H)、1.90(m、4H)、1.56‐1.02(b、20H)、0.87(s、6H)、0.85(s、12H)
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Fを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Gを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Hを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Iを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):7.24(d、1H)、7.20(d、1H)、6.98(d、1H)、6.77(d、1H)、1.80(b、4H)、1.33(b、40H)、0.87(s、6H)
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.99(d、1H)、6.93(d、1H)、6.68(d、1H)、6.59(d、1H)、1.79(b、4H)、1.31(b、40H)、0.85(s、6H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3, δ(ppm)):0.826(t,12H),1.21(m,72H),1.43(m,8H),1.96(t,8H),6.65(d,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.98(s,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.862(t,12H),1.213(m, 72H),1.432(m,8H),1.968(t,8H),6.715(d,2H),7.045(d,2H),7.786(d,4H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3, δ(ppm)):0.860(t,12H),1.213(m,72H),1.427(m,8H),1.949(t,8H),6.710(s,2H), 7.756(s,4H)
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Jを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Kを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.833(m,15H),1.0-1.5(m,35H), 1.850(m,4H),6.688(m, 2H),6.966(d,1H), 7.028(d,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3, δ(ppm)):0.833(m,15H),1.0-1.5(m,35H),1.850(m,4H),6.660(s,1H),6.980(s,1H)
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Lを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において重合体Bの代わりに重合体Dを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、重合体Bの代わりに重合体Mを用いた以外は同様に素子を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
(有機トランジスタの作製)
厚さ300nmのシリコンの熱酸化膜と、アンチモンが高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコンとを有するシリコン基板をアセトン中で10分間超音波洗浄した後、オゾンUVを20分間照射した。その後、トルエン10mL中にオクタデシルトリクロロシランをシリンジで5滴加えたトルエン溶液をシリコン基板上にスピンコートすることにより熱酸化膜の表面をシラン処理した。シリコンの熱酸化膜がゲート絶縁層として作用し、アンチモンを高濃度でドーピングしたシリコンはゲート電極として作用する。
Id=(W/2L)μCi(Vg-Vt)2 ・・・(a)
(式中、Lは有機トランジスタのチャネル長、Wは有機トランジスタのチャネル幅、Ciはゲート絶縁膜の単位面積当たりの容量、Vgはゲート電圧、Vtはゲート電圧のしきい値電圧を表す。)
重合体Jに代えて重合体Gを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、トランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.153cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。
重合体Jにかえて重合体Iを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、トランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は6.80×10-4cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は104であった。
重合体Jにかえて重合体Hを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、トランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.029cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は105であった。
重合体Jにかえて重合体Lを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、トランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は5.49×10-3cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は104であった。
重合体Jにかえて重合体Dを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、トランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は3.80×10-3cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は105であった。
実施例12において、重合体Jにかえて重合体F、オクタデシルトリクロロシランにかえてβ‐PTS(ベータフェニルトリクロロシラン)、オルトジクロロベンゼンにかえてクロロホルム、熱処理温度を170℃にかえて120℃にした以外は同様にして有機トランジスタ素子を作成し、トランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は7.3×10-3cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は104であった。
1H NMR in CDCl3(ppm):6.72(d、1H)、6.68(d、1H)、1.95-1.80(b、4H)、1.65-1.00(b、56H)、0.90-0.83(m、36H)
1H NMR(CDCl3、ppm):7.75(t、2H)
19F NMR(CDCl3、ppm):-128.3(s、2F)
19F NMR(CDCl3、ppm):-118.9(s、2F)
(インク及び有機薄膜太陽電池の作製、評価)
スパッタ法によりITO膜を150nmの厚みで付けたガラス基板を、オゾンUV処理することで、表面処理を行った。次に、重合体P及びフラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61-酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester、フロンティアカーボン社製)を、重合体Pに対するC60PCBMの重量比が3となるよう、オルトジクロロベンゼンに溶解し、インク2を製造した。インク2中、重合体Pの重量とC60PCBMの重量との合計は、インク2の重量に対して2.0重量%であった。該インク2を用い、スピンコートにより基板上に塗布して、重合体Pを含む有機膜を作製した。該有機膜の膜厚は、約100nmであった。有機膜の光吸収末端波長を測定したところ、890nmであった。その後、有機膜上に真空蒸着機によりフッ化リチウムを厚さ2nmで蒸着し、次いでAlを厚さ100nmで蒸着した。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池の形状は、2mm×2mmの正方形であった。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池にソーラシミュレーター(分光計器製、商品名OTENTO-SUNII:AM1.5Gフィルター、放射照度100mW/cm2)を用いて一定の光を照射し、発生する電流と電圧を測定して光電変換効率、短絡電流密度、開放端電圧、フィルファクター(曲線因子)を求めた。Jsc(短絡電流密度)は12.2mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.71Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))が0.64であり、光電変換効率(η)は5.54%であった。
(インク及び有機薄膜太陽電池の作製、評価)
実施例19において、フラーレンC60PCBMの代わりにフラーレンC70PCBM([6,6]フェニル-C71酪酸メチルエステル([6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester))を用いた以外は同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、光電変換効率、短絡電流密度、開放端電圧、フィルファクター(曲線因子)を求めた。有機膜の光吸収末端波長は890nm、Jsc(短絡電流密度)は15.9mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.715Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))は0.59であり、光電変換効率(η)は、6.72%であった。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):1.45(s,24H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-117(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.82(m,36H),1.08-1.47(m,40H),1.95(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.07(d,2H),7.92(d,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-125(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.82(m,36H),1.08-1.47(m,40H),1.95(m,8H),6.73(s,2H),7.90(s,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-129(s,2F)
系中に水を入れ、クロロホルム抽出を行い、クロロホルムを用いたカラム精製を行った後、乾燥することで、化合物39を含む混合オイルを得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.80~0.88(m,24H),0.97~1.62(m,34H),1.87(q,4H),6.67(d,1H),6.69(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),7.03(d,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.82~0.88(m,24H),0.95~1.60(m,34H),1.82(q,4H),6.64(s,1H),6.65(s,1H),6.98(d,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.70-0.95(m,48H),0.96-1.60(m,68H),1.97(m,8H),6.72(d,2H),7.08(d,2H),7.93(d,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-125(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.65-0.96(m,48H),0.98-1.62(m,68H),1.95(m,8H),6.73(s,2H),7.90(s,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-129(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.86(t,12H),0.95-1.50(m,80H),1.97(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.07(d,2H),7.92(d,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-125(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.86(t,12H),1.18-1.50(m,80H),1.95(m,8H),6.72(s,2H),7.90(s,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-129(s,2F)
系中に水を入れ、クロロホルム抽出を行い、クロロホルムを用いたカラム精製を行った後、乾燥することで、化合物46を含む混合オイルを得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.82(t,6H),1.21(m,48H),1.43(m,4H),1.96(t,4H),6.67(d,1H),6.69(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),7.03(d,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.83(t,6H),1.23(m,48H),1.44(m,4H),1.98(t,4H),6.65(d,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.98(s,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.87(t,12H),0.90-1.46(m,104H),1.97(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.07(d,2H),7.93(s,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-125(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.87(t,12H),0.95-1.50(m,104H),1.95(m,8H),6.72(s,2H),7.90(s,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-129(s,2F)
系中に水を入れ、クロロホルム抽出を行い、クロロホルムを用いたカラム精製を行った後、乾燥することで、化合物51を含む混合オイルを得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.81(t,6H),1.21(m,60H),1.43(m,4H),1.96(t,4H),6.67(d,1H),6.69(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),7.03(d,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.83(t,6H),1.21(m,60H),1.43(m,4H),1.97(t,4H),6.65(d,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.97(s,1H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.88(t,12H),0.95-1.53(m,128H),1.97(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.08(d,2H),7.93(d,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-125(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.87(t,12H),0.95-1.50(m,128H),1.95(m,8H),6.72(s,2H),7.90(s,2H)
19F-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):-129(s,2F)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.70-0.86(m,48H),0.90-1.60(m,68H),1.97(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.04(d,2H),7.77(d,2H),7.80(d,2H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.77-0.91(m,48H),0.95-1.60(m,68H),1.96(m,8H),6.72(s,2H),7.75(s,2H),7.77(s,2H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.87(t,12H),0.90-1.46(m,104H),1.97(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.04(d,2H),7.77(d,2H),7.80(d,2H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.88(t,12H),0.93-1.52(m,104H),1.95(m,8H),6.72(s,2H),7.75(s,2H),7.77(s,2H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.88(t,12H),0.95-1.53(m,128H),1.97(m,8H),6.71(d,2H),7.04(d,2H),7.76(d,2H),7.80(d,2H)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ(ppm)):0.87(t,12H),0.95-1.50(m,128H),1.95(m,8H),6.72(s,2H),7.75(s,2H),7.78(s,2H)
その後、反応液にジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム(2.5g)及び純水(22.5mL)を加え、3時間還流しながら攪拌を行った。反応液中の水層を除去後、有機層を水30mlで2回、酢酸水溶液(3重量(wt)%)30mLで2回、さらに水30mLで2回洗浄し、メタノールに注いでポリマーを析出させた。ポリマーをろ過後、乾燥し、得られたポリマーをトルエンに溶解させ、アルミナ/シリカゲルカラムを通し、得られた溶液をメタノールに注いでポリマーを析出させた。ポリマーろ過後、乾燥し、重合体Yを156mg得た。
GPCで測定した重合体Yの分子量(ポリスチレン換算)は、重量平均分子量(Mw)が76,000、数平均分子量(Mn)が31,000であった。重合体Yの吸収端波長は940nmであった。
(有機トランジスタの作製)
厚さ300nmの熱酸化膜を有する高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板をアセトン中で10分間超音波洗浄した後、オゾンUVを20分間照射した。その後、トルエン10mlに5滴(シリンジで採取して滴下)の割合で希釈したβ-フェニチルトリクロロシランをスピンコートすることにより熱酸化膜表面をシラン処理した。
(有機トランジスタの評価)
有機トランジスタの電気特性を、半導体パラメータ4200(KEITHLEY社製)を用いて測定した。その結果、重合体Xを用いた有機トランジスタのドレイン電圧(Vd)に対するドレイン電流(Id)の変化曲線は、良好であり、ゲート電極に印加する負のゲート電圧を増加させると、負のドレイン電流も増加することから、有機トランジスタは、p型の有機トランジスタであることを確認することができた。有機トランジスタにおけるキャリアの電界効果移動度μは、有機トランジスタの電気特性の飽和領域におけるドレイン電流Idを表す下記式(a)を用いて算出した。
Id=(W/2L)μCi(Vg-Vt)2 ・・・(a)
(式中、Lは有機トランジスタのチャネル長、Wは有機トランジスタのチャネル幅、Ciはゲート絶縁膜の単位面積当たりの容量、Vgはゲート電圧、Vtはゲート電圧のしきい値電圧を表す。)
その結果、キャリアの電界効果移動度(キャリア移動度)は0.03cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は105であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Yを用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.07cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Zを用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.06cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Z2を用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.13cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Z3を用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.25cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Z4を用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.12cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Z5を用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.04cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は105であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Z6を用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.32cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
重合体Xにかえて重合体Kを用いた以外は、実施例21と同様の方法で有機トランジスタ素子を作製し、実施例22と同様の方法でトランジスタ特性を評価した。キャリア移動度は0.30cm2/Vsであり、オン/オフ電流比は106であった。結果を表4に示す。
(インク及び有機薄膜太陽電池の作製、評価)
スパッタ法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板を、オゾンUV処理して表面処理を行った。次に、重合体X及びフラーレンC60PCBM(フェニルC61-酪酸メチルエステル)(phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester、フロンティアカーボン社製)を、重合体Xの重量に対するC60PCBMの重量の比が3となるようにオルトジクロロベンゼンに溶解し、インクを製造した。インクの重量に対して、重合体Xの重量とC60PCBMの重量の合計は2.0重量%であった。該インクをスピンコートによりガラス基板上に塗布し、重合体Xを含む有機膜を作製した。膜厚は約100nmであった。このようにして作製した有機膜の光吸収端波長は940nmであった。その後、有機膜上に真空蒸着機によりフッ化リチウムを厚さ2nmで蒸着し、次いでAlを厚さ100nmで蒸着し、有機薄膜太陽電池を製造した。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池の形状は、2mm×2mmの正方形であった。得られた有機薄膜太陽電池にソーラシミュレーター(分光計器製、商品名OTENTO-SUNII:AM1.5Gフィルター、放射照度100mW/cm2)を用いて一定の光を照射し、発生する電流と電圧を測定して光電変換効率、短絡電流密度、開放電圧、フィルファクターを求めた。Jsc(短絡電流密度)は11.20mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.62Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))は0.67であり、光電変換効率(η)は4.63%であった。結果を表5に表す。
重合体Wにかえて重合体Yを用いた以外は、実施例31と同様の方法でインク及び有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、評価した。Jsc(短絡電流密度)は5.00mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.69Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))は0.56であり、光電変換効率(η)は1.96%であった。結果を表5に表す。
重合体Wにかえて重合体Z2を用いた以外は、実施例31と同様の方法でインク及び有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、評価した。Jsc(短絡電流密度)は6.67mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.71Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))は0.66であり、光電変換効率(η)は3.11%であった。結果を表5に表す。
重合体Wにかえて重合体Z3を用いた以外は、実施例31と同様の方法でインク及び有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、評価した。Jsc(短絡電流密度)は10.73mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.58Vであり、ff(フィルファクター(曲線因子))は0.65であり、光電変換効率(η)は4.02%であった。結果を表5に表す。
Claims (9)
- 第1の電極と第2の電極とを有し、該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に活性層を有し、該活性層に式(1)で表される構造単位を有する化合物を含有する光電変換素子。
〔式中、Ar1及びAr2は、同一又は相異なり、3価の芳香族炭化水素基又は3価の複素環基を表す。ただし、Ar1及びAr2のうち、少なくとも一方は3価の複素環基である。X1及びX2は、同一又は相異なり、-O-、-S-、-C(=O)-、-S(=O)-、-SO2-、-C(R50)(R51)-、-Si(R3)(R4)-、-N(R5)-、-B(R6)-、-P(R7)-又は-P(=O)(R8)-を表す。R50、R51、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、及びR8は、同一又は相異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は1価の有機基を表す。また、X1とAr2は、Ar1を構成する環において互いに隣接する原子に結合し、X2とAr1は、Ar2を構成する環において互いに隣接する原子に結合している。〕 - 1価の有機基が、アルキル基、アルキルオキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリール基、アリールオキシ基、アリールチオ基、アリールアルキル基、アリールアルキルオキシ基、アリールアルキルチオ基、アシル基、アシルオキシ基、アミド基、酸イミド基、アミノ基、置換アミノ基、置換シリル基、置換シリルオキシ基、置換シリルチオ基、置換シリルアミノ基、1価の複素環基、複素環オキシ基、複素環チオ基、アリールアルケニル基、アリールアルキニル基、カルボキシル基又はシアノ基である請求項1記載の光電変換素子。
- X2が-C(R50)(R51)-である請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- Ar1及びAr2の少なくとも一方が、チオフェン環から水素原子を3個取り除いた基である請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- X1が-O-である請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 請求項1に記載の光電変換素子を含む太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項1に記載の光電変換素子を含むイメージセンサー。
- ゲート電極と、ソース電極と、ドレイン電極と、活性層とを有し、該活性層に式(1)で表される構造単位を有する化合物を含有する有機薄膜トランジスタ。
〔式中、Ar1及びAr2は、同一又は相異なり、3価の芳香族炭化水素基又は3価の複素環基を表す。ただし、Ar1及びAr2のうち、少なくとも一方は3価の複素環基である。X1及びX2は、同一又は相異なり、-O-、-S-、-C(=O)-、-S(=O)-、-SO2-、-C(R50)(R51)-、-Si(R3)(R4)-、-N(R5)-、-B(R6)-、-P(R7)-又は-P(=O)(R8)-を表す。R50、R51、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、及びR8は、同一又は相異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は1価の有機基を表す。また、X1とAr2は、Ar1を構成する環において互いに隣接する原子に結合し、X2とAr1は、Ar2を構成する環において互いに隣接する原子に結合している。〕
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| US (1) | US9006714B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5720180B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20120100951A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102598341B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011052711A1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011136311A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物 |
| WO2012050070A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及びそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 |
| WO2012153845A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-15 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 有機光電変換素子、その製造方法及び太陽電池 |
| WO2012169605A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及びそれを用いた電子素子 |
| WO2013035710A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及び有機光電変換素子 |
| WO2013047858A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及び有機光電変換素子 |
| WO2013051676A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及び電子素子 |
| WO2022019300A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物及びこれを用いた光電変換素子 |
| JP7791662B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2025-12-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物及びこれを用いた光電変換素子 |
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| JP5740836B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-29 | 2015-07-01 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
| JP5874302B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-19 | 2016-03-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及びそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 |
| JP6140482B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-16 | 2017-05-31 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物、該化合物の製造方法および該化合物を重合して得られる高分子化合物、並びに該高分子化合物を含む有機薄膜および有機半導体素子 |
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| JP7522558B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-14 | 2024-07-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物、組成物、インク、及び光電変換素子 |
| GB2593492A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-29 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Polymer |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011136311A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物 |
| US9601695B2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2017-03-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymer compound |
| WO2012050070A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及びそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 |
| WO2012153845A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-15 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 有機光電変換素子、その製造方法及び太陽電池 |
| WO2012169605A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及びそれを用いた電子素子 |
| JP2012255117A (ja) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-27 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子化合物及びそれを用いた電子素子 |
| US9396831B2 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2016-07-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymer compound and electronic device using the same |
| WO2013035710A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及び有機光電変換素子 |
| CN103827164A (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-05-28 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及有机光电转换元件 |
| US9412950B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-08-09 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymer compound and organic photoelectric conversion device |
| WO2013047858A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及び有機光電変換素子 |
| WO2013051676A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及び電子素子 |
| WO2022019300A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物及びこれを用いた光電変換素子 |
| JP2022022138A (ja) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-02-03 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物及びこれを用いた光電変換素子 |
| EP4186909A4 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2024-07-17 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Compound and photoelectric conversion element using same |
| JP7791662B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2025-12-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 化合物及びこれを用いた光電変換素子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120205644A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
| JP2011249757A (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
| KR20120100951A (ko) | 2012-09-12 |
| CN102598341B (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
| CN102598341A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
| JP5720180B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
| US9006714B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
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