WO2011045514A1 - Degazage d'aciers martensitiques inoxydables avant refusion sous laitier - Google Patents
Degazage d'aciers martensitiques inoxydables avant refusion sous laitier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011045514A1 WO2011045514A1 PCT/FR2010/052141 FR2010052141W WO2011045514A1 WO 2011045514 A1 WO2011045514 A1 WO 2011045514A1 FR 2010052141 W FR2010052141 W FR 2010052141W WO 2011045514 A1 WO2011045514 A1 WO 2011045514A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- steel
- slag
- fatigue
- degassing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stainless martensitic steel comprising a slag remelting step of an ingot of this steel and a cooling step of this ingot.
- the percentages of composition are percentages by weight unless otherwise specified.
- a martensitic stainless steel is a steel whose
- Chrome is greater than 10.5%, and whose structure is essentially martensitic.
- ESR Electro Slag Refusion
- the lower end of this electrode being in contact with the slag, melts and passes through the slag in the form of fine droplets, to solidify below the layer of supernatant slag, into a new ingot that grows gradually.
- the slag acts, inter alia, as a filter which extracts the inclusions from the steel droplets, so that the steel of this new ingot located below the slag layer contains fewer inclusions than the initial ingot (electrode). . This operation is carried out at atmospheric pressure and air.
- Non-destructive ultrasonic testing performed by the inventors, showed that these steels practically had no known hydrogen defects (flakes).
- the dispersion of the fatigue strength results is therefore due to another undesirable mechanism of premature initiation of cracks in the steel, which leads to its premature failure in fatigue.
- the present invention aims to provide a manufacturing method that allows to raise these low values, and thus reduce the dispersion of the fatigue strength of stainless martensitic steels, and also to increase its average value in resistance to fatigue.
- This object is achieved by virtue of the fact that the ingot, before the slag remelting step, undergoes degassing under vacuum for a time sufficient to reach a hydrogen content in the ingot of less than 3 ppm.
- FIG. 1 compares fatigue life curves for a steel according to the invention and a steel according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows a fatigue stress curve
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating dendrites and interdendritic regions
- FIG. 4 is a photograph taken under an electron microscope of a fracture surface after fatigue, showing the gas phase having initiated this fracture.
- the dendrites 10 corresponding to the first solidified grains are by definition richer in alphagenes elements. while the interdendritic regions 20 0 are richer in gamma elements (application of the known rule of the segments on the phase diagram).
- An alphagene element is an element that favors a ferritic type structure (structures that are more stable at low temperature: bainite, ferrite-pearlite, martensite).
- a gamma element is one that promotes an austenitic structure (high temperature stable structure). There is therefore segregation between dendrites 10 and interdendritic regions 20.
- the dendrites 10 first turn into ferritic structures during cooling, while the interdendritic regions 20 subsequently transform, in whole or in part, at lower temperatures, and thus retain longer an austenitic structure.
- the light elements H, N, O
- the light elements are more soluble in the austenite than in the ferritic structures, so tend to concentrate in the interdendritic regions 20. This concentration is increased by the higher content of elements. gammagens in interdendritic regions. At temperatures below 300 ° C, the light elements only diffuse at extremely low speeds and remain trapped in their region.
- the lighter elements are able to diffuse dendrites to the regions interdendritic and focus during the period of coexistence of ferritic and austenitic structures.
- the risk that the solubility of these light elements is exceeded locally in the interdendritic regions is accentuated. When the concentration in light elements exceeds this solubility, it appears then in the steel microscopic gas pockets containing these light elements.
- the austenite of the interdendritic regions tends to locally transform into martensite when the temperature of the steel falls below the Martensitic transformation temperature Ms, which is above room temperature.
- martensite has a lower solubility threshold in light elements than austenite. There is therefore more microscopic gaseous phase within the steel during this martensitic transformation.
- This zone P is the imprint of the gaseous phase consisting of the light elements, and which is at the origin of the formation of these fissures F which, by propagating and agglomerating, created a zone of macroscopic fracture.
- the inventors have carried out tests on stainless martensitic steels, and have found that when, before the slag remelting, such a steel in the liquid state undergoes a vacuum degassing operation for a time sufficient to reach a desired in H (hydrogen) in this ingot less than 3 ppm by weight, then on the one hand this content of H (hydrogen) is insufficient for a recombination occurs between H and 0 (oxygen) and N (Nitrogen) in the gaseous phases that may form after the slag remelting of this steel.
- this reduced content of gaseous elements remains lower than that which would lead to a solubility exceeding of these gaseous phases even in martensite after concentration in the austenitic structures coexisting with the ferritic structures.
- the slag is dehydrated before use in the ESR crucible.
- the H concentration in the steel ingot from ESR slag remelting is greater than the H concentration in this ingot before its slag remelting.
- hydrogen can pass from slag to ingot during the ESR process.
- the ESR liquid metal ingot is degassed under vacuum for a time sufficient to reach a hydrogen content in the ingot after the slag remelting step of less than 3 ppm.
- the vacuum degassing process of an alloy is known, the description below is therefore brief. It consists in placing the still liquid ingot in an enclosure in which at least the primary vacuum is made. Alternatively, such a degassing under vacuum can be performed by dipping into the liquid steel, which is contained in a container, a duct connected to a pocket in which one has evacuated. The steel is sucked into this pocket by the vacuum that prevails and then falls into the container through the conduit.
- the bag may also include an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe which are both immersed in the liquid steel, in which case the steel flows through the pocket by entering through the inlet pipe and out of the pipe. outlet duct.
- the steel Upstream of the vacuum degassing process, the steel generally undergoes refining at ambient atmosphere. This refining makes it possible to obtain a fine chemical concentration and to reduce as much as possible in the desired range the content of sulfur and carbon.
- AOD Argon Oxygen Decarburization
- the inventors have carried out tests on Z12CNDV12 steels produced with the process according to the invention, that is to say with degassing of the ingot carried out according to the above parameters before the ESR, and the results of these tests are presented below.
- the composition of the Z12CNDV12 steels is as follows: (Standard DMD0242-20 E: C index (0.10 to 0.17%) - Si ( ⁇ 0.30%) - Mn (0.5 to 0.9%) - Cr (11 to 12.5%) - Ni (2 to 3%) - Mo (1.50 to 2.00%) - V (0.25 to 0.40%) - N 2 (0.010 to 0.050%) - Cu ( ⁇ 0.5%) - S ( ⁇ 0.015%) - P ( ⁇ 0.025%) and meeting criterion 4.5 ⁇ (Cr - 40. C - 2.Mn - 4.Ni + 6. If + 4. Mo + l IV - 30.N) ⁇ 9.
- Figure 1 qualitatively shows the improvements made by the method according to the invention.
- the value of the number N of rupture cycles necessary to break a steel specimen subjected to a cyclic stress in tension as a function of the pseudo-alternating stress C is obtained experimentally (this is the stress experienced by the test specimen under imposed deformation. , according to Sncma DMC0401 standard used for these tests).
- Such a cyclic bias is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
- the period T represents a cycle.
- the constraint evolves between a maximum value C ma x and a minimal value G *.
- the first curve 15 (in fine lines) is (schematically) the average curve obtained for a steel produced according to the prior art.
- This first average curve C-N is surrounded by two curves 16 and 14 in dashed fine lines.
- These curves 16 and 14 are situated respectively at a distance of +3 ⁇ and -3 ⁇ from the first curve 15, where ⁇ is the standard deviation of the distribution of the experimental points obtained during these fatigue tests, and ⁇ 3 ⁇ corresponds to in statistics at a confidence interval of 99.7%.
- the distance between these two dashed lines 14 and 16 is therefore a measure of the dispersion of the results.
- Curve 14 is the limiting factor for dimensioning a part.
- the second curve 25 (in thick line) is (schematically) the average curve obtained from the results of fatigue tests carried out on a steel produced according to the invention under a load according to FIG. CN average curve is surrounded by two curves 26 and 24 in dashed thick lines, located respectively at a distance of +3 ⁇ 2 and -3 ⁇ 2 from the second curve 25, ⁇ : being the standard deviation of the distribution of the experimental points obtained during these fatigue tests.
- Curve 24 is the limiting factor for dimensioning a part.
- the second curve 25 is located above the first curve 15, which means that under fatigue stress at a stress level C, the steel test pieces produced according to the invention break on average to a number N of cycles higher than that where the steel test pieces according to the prior art are broken.
- the distance between the two curves 26 and 24 in thick dashed line is smaller than the distance between the two curves 16 and 14 in dashed fine lines, which means that the dispersion in fatigue resistance of the developed steel according to the invention is lower than that of a steel according to the prior art.
- Oligocyclic fatigue means that the bias frequency is of the order of 1 Hz (the frequency being defined as the number of periods T per second).
- the minimum value of fatigue stress required to break a steel according to the invention is greater than the minimum fatigue stress value M (set at 100%) necessary to break a steel according to art prior.
- the carbon content of the stainless martensitic steel is lower than the carbon content below which the steel is hypoeutectoid, for example a content of 0.49%.
- a low carbon content allows a better diffusion of the alloying elements and a lowering of the temperatures of solution of the primary or noble carbides, which leads to a better homogenization.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10781970.8A EP2488670B1 (fr) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | Degazage d'aciers martensitiques inoxydables avant refusion sous laitier |
| US13/501,568 US8709123B2 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | Degassing of martensitic stainless steel before remelting beneath a layer of slag |
| CA2777035A CA2777035C (fr) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | Degazage d'aciers martensitiques inoxydables avant refusion sous laitier |
| RU2012119544/02A RU2563405C2 (ru) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | Дегазация мартенситной нержавеющей стали перед переплавом под слоем шлака |
| CN2010800462015A CN102575309A (zh) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | 在熔渣层下重熔前的马氏体不锈钢的脱气 |
| BR112012008526-3A BR112012008526B1 (pt) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | Processo de fabricação de um aço inoxidável martensítico |
| JP2012533672A JP5791617B2 (ja) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | エレクトロスラグ再溶解前のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼の脱気 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0957109A FR2951196B1 (fr) | 2009-10-12 | 2009-10-12 | Degazage d'aciers martensitiques inoxydables avant refusion sous laitier |
| FR0957109 | 2009-10-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011045514A1 true WO2011045514A1 (fr) | 2011-04-21 |
Family
ID=41683393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2010/052141 Ceased WO2011045514A1 (fr) | 2009-10-12 | 2010-10-11 | Degazage d'aciers martensitiques inoxydables avant refusion sous laitier |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8709123B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2488670B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5791617B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102575309A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112012008526B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2777035C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2951196B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2563405C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011045514A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105950883B (zh) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-12-08 | 东北大学 | 一种加压电渣重熔气相渗氮制备高氮马氏体不锈钢的渣系 |
| CN105936978B (zh) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-12-29 | 东北大学 | 一种加压电渣重熔气相渗氮制备高氮奥氏体不锈钢的渣系 |
| US11341260B2 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-05-24 | Red Hat, Inc. | Optimizing allocation of access control identifiers to a container |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4589916A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1986-05-20 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Ultra clean stainless steel for extremely fine wire |
| EP0577997A1 (fr) * | 1992-06-11 | 1994-01-12 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Electrode pour refusion sous laitier électroconducteur et procédé pour la production d'alliages utilisant cette électrode |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51147405A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1976-12-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | A process and apparatus for production of low hydrogen content casting ingot in electro-slag remelting process |
| DE3036461C2 (de) * | 1980-09-26 | 1983-09-15 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | Verfahren zur Herstellung von basischen Schlacken für das Elektro-Schlacke-Umschmelzverfahren |
| US5252120A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1993-10-12 | A. Finkl & Sons Co. | Method and apparatus for double vacuum production of steel |
| US5364588A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-11-15 | A. Finkl & Sons Co. | Double stabilized stainless-type steel die block |
| JPH06336657A (ja) * | 1993-06-01 | 1994-12-06 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 超高圧部材用鋼およびその製造方法 |
| JPH0768369A (ja) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-03-14 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Esr用スラグの保管方法 |
| JPH07238344A (ja) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-09-12 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 高清浄鋼およびその製造方法 |
| US6110300A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2000-08-29 | A. Finkl & Sons Co. | Tool for glass molding operations and method of manufacture thereof |
| US5820817A (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 1998-10-13 | General Electric Company | Steel alloy |
| US6273973B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-08-14 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Steelmaking process |
| WO2002048416A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-20 | Yoshiyuki Shimizu | Acier inoxydable a teneur elevee en silicium |
| CN100364678C (zh) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-01-30 | 宋春雨 | 铝铸轧机用辊套的冶炼及铸锻造的制造方法 |
| JP2006265570A (ja) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-10-05 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 鋳塊の製造方法 |
| CN1686666A (zh) * | 2005-04-18 | 2005-10-26 | 宝钢集团上海五钢有限公司 | 大型高铬钢冷轧辊辊坯的生产方法 |
| JP2007302954A (ja) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 真空エレクトロスラグ再溶解方法および真空エレクトロスラグ再溶解装置 |
| FR2904634B1 (fr) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-12-19 | Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions | Procede de fabrication d'ebauches en acier |
| FR2935624B1 (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2011-06-10 | Snecma | Procede de fabrication d'une piece thermomecanique de revolution circulaire comportant un substrat porteur a base de titane revetu d'acier ou superalliage, carter de compresseur de turbomachine resistant au feu de titane |
| FR2935625B1 (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2011-09-09 | Snecma | Procede de fabrication d'une piece thermamecanique de revolution circulaire comportant un substrat porteur a base de titane revetu d'acier ou superalliage, carter de compresseur de turbomachine resistant au feu de titane |
| FR2935623B1 (fr) | 2008-09-05 | 2011-12-09 | Snecma | Procede de fabrication d'une piece thermomecanique de revolution circulaire comportant un substrat porteur a base de titane revetu d'acier ou superalliage, carter de compresseur de turbomachine resistant au feu de titane |
| FR2947566B1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2011-12-16 | Snecma | Procede d'elaboration d'un acier martensitique a durcissement mixte |
-
2009
- 2009-10-12 FR FR0957109A patent/FR2951196B1/fr active Active
-
2010
- 2010-10-11 CA CA2777035A patent/CA2777035C/fr active Active
- 2010-10-11 RU RU2012119544/02A patent/RU2563405C2/ru active
- 2010-10-11 CN CN2010800462015A patent/CN102575309A/zh active Pending
- 2010-10-11 EP EP10781970.8A patent/EP2488670B1/fr active Active
- 2010-10-11 WO PCT/FR2010/052141 patent/WO2011045514A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2010-10-11 BR BR112012008526-3A patent/BR112012008526B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2010-10-11 JP JP2012533672A patent/JP5791617B2/ja active Active
- 2010-10-11 US US13/501,568 patent/US8709123B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4589916A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1986-05-20 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Ultra clean stainless steel for extremely fine wire |
| EP0577997A1 (fr) * | 1992-06-11 | 1994-01-12 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Electrode pour refusion sous laitier électroconducteur et procédé pour la production d'alliages utilisant cette électrode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102575309A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
| EP2488670A1 (fr) | 2012-08-22 |
| JP2013507531A (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
| CA2777035C (fr) | 2018-03-20 |
| FR2951196A1 (fr) | 2011-04-15 |
| RU2563405C2 (ru) | 2015-09-20 |
| CA2777035A1 (fr) | 2011-04-21 |
| BR112012008526B1 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
| FR2951196B1 (fr) | 2011-11-25 |
| EP2488670B1 (fr) | 2019-06-26 |
| US20120279350A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
| JP5791617B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
| BR112012008526A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
| RU2012119544A (ru) | 2013-11-20 |
| US8709123B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 |
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