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WO2011041841A1 - Procédé et appareil de traitement de minerai - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de traitement de minerai Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011041841A1
WO2011041841A1 PCT/AU2010/001319 AU2010001319W WO2011041841A1 WO 2011041841 A1 WO2011041841 A1 WO 2011041841A1 AU 2010001319 W AU2010001319 W AU 2010001319W WO 2011041841 A1 WO2011041841 A1 WO 2011041841A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lumps
pair
mineral ore
impaction
ore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2010/001319
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Fritz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2009904909A external-priority patent/AU2009904909A0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2010305322A priority Critical patent/AU2010305322A1/en
Priority to NZ599835A priority patent/NZ599835A/xx
Publication of WO2011041841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011041841A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/20—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/06—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/09—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor and throwing the material against an anvil or impact plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
    • B02C4/08—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved mineral ore processing method and an apparatus for the processing of a mineral ore.
  • This invention has particular application to the processing of such mineral ore to remove sedimentary impurities such as mudstone, claystone, siltstone, and sandstone, igneous rock impurities such as siderite and dolerite or the like.
  • This invention relates particularly to an improved mineral ore processing method and an apparatus for the processing of a mineral ore that is a coal ore or a metalliferous ore. It will therefore be convenient to hereinafter describe the invention with reference to this example application. However it is to be clearly understood that the invention is capable of wider application.
  • US Patent 4592516 refers to a pair of accelerator rotors for impacting coal particles which are spaced from each other and separated by an inclined splitting or impaction grate. This process is not designed for splitting coal particles along their sedimentary planes and as such will include impurity particles when the processed coal particles fall into collection chutes located below the pair of accelerator rotors.
  • US Patent 5976224 refers to a process of coal particles being separated on the basis of different rotational velocities and specific gravities into different flow paths. This process is mainly directed at the separation of flyash from unburnt carbon and thus is not designed for separating coal particles along their sedimentary planes and thus would be inefficient in this regard.
  • US Patent 5340481 refers to separation of raw coal in slurry form where lighter particles are separated from heavier particles on the basis of travel within a dense media cyclone wherein the lighter particles are forced towards the centre of the cyclone and the heavier particles houses an internal surface of the cyclone. The same comments apply to this reference as are made above in relation to US Patents 4592516 and 5976224.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing or refining a mineral ore which includes the following steps:
  • step (iv) separating ore lumps which have a lesser specific gravity from impurity lumps by impacting said lumps or particles produced from step (iii) on an impaction surface whereby said impurity lumps having a lesser departure angle than said ore lumps will be discarded; and (v) collecting the ore lumps for further processing.
  • Step (i) may further comprise: (a) a regulated size flow wherein said lumps of mineral ore are passed from an exit opening of a hopper to a pair of impaction conveyors located below the hopper before said lumps of mineral ore are passed between said at least one pair of rotating members; or (b) an unregulated size flow wherein said lumps of said mineral ore are pushed from an exit opening of a hopper located above the at least one pair of rotating members.
  • the regulated size flow may further comprise said lumps of mineral ore having a size greater than 1200mm are passed from an exit opening of a hopper to a pair of impaction conveyors located below the hopper before said lumps of mineral ore are passed between said at least one pair of rotating members.
  • Said impaction conveyors may have a belt or chain having a plurality of spaced impact members arranged transversely to a longitudinal axis of each conveyor.
  • the lumps of mineral ore may be passed between the pair of impaction conveyors mounted on a pair of frames supported in a structure having a resilient spring arrangement and each frame has adjustment means to align and space apart each frame.
  • the unregulated size flow may further comprise said lumps of said mineral ore having a size less than 1200mm are pushed from an exit opening of a hopper located above the at least one pair of rotating members.
  • Step (ii) may further comprise said at least one pair of rotating members, rotating in the same direction.
  • the at least one pair of rotating members may have at least one impaction member extending outwardly from an external surface of each rotating member.
  • the at least one pair of rotating members may have impaction members extending outwardly from an external surface of each rotating member which are spaced from each other along a length of each rotating member. Rotation of each rotating member may be such that said impaction members on each adjacent rotating member do not contact each other.
  • a rotation speed of each rotating member in the form of a cylinder may be set so as to arrange flat surfaces of said lumps in a vertical aspect tangential to a rotating external surface of each cylinder.
  • Said at least one impaction member of each cylinder may be arranged in pairs extending transversely through each cylinder wherein said pairs of impaction members are arranged in a staggered formation at an angle between 10° to 90 Q to each other.
  • Said pairs of impaction members may be arranged in a staggered formation at an angle of 15° to each other.
  • Said adjustable gap may be set to provide a clearance for lumps having a size of 250mm or less.
  • Lumps of ore passing from one rotating member to another rotating member may be separated into stone or impurity lumps and ore lumps.
  • Step (iii) may further comprise at least one pair of angled conveyors having a variable aperture or gap therebetween, the variable gap will open and close to accommodate the size of the lump passing therethrough.
  • Step (iii) may further comprise passing lumps having reduced size between at least one pair of angled conveyors having cleats or grousers oriented transversely thereto whereby a chain on an upper conveyor has a sagging part or angled part which contacts chain rollers on adjacent conveyors which causes removal of impurity lumps whereby said mineral ore lumps pass through an exit gap between each conveyor allowing for mineral ore lumps of 25-50mm to be collected.
  • a chain on an upper conveyor may comprise a fixed series of stationary transverse bars fixed in a pre-determined profile to provide a rigid support.
  • the at least one pair of angled conveyors each of which may further comprise a set of grouser or impaction plates transversely attached to each conveyor.
  • Step (iv) may further comprise separating ore lumps which have a lesser specific gravity from impurity lumps using a high throughput rate assembly.
  • Said high throughput rate assembly may comprise a high speed conveyor having a speed of around 6-8m/sec wherein mineral ore lumps entrained with impurity lumps are impacted against a striker or impact plate wherein the heavier impurity lumps will have a departure angle which is less than a departure angle of the mineral ore lumps so as to separate the impurity lumps from said mineral ore lumps.
  • Lumps smaller than 25mm and which have separated from said pair of conveyors may also be transferred onto said high speed conveyor.
  • Step (iv) may further comprise separating ore lumps which have a lesser specific gravity from impurity lumps using a low throughput rate assembly.
  • Said low throughput rate assembly may comprise at least one rotating paddle wheel having paddles which are oriented to each other at different angles whereby each of the mineral ore lumps as well as impurity lumps will impact on a striker plate so that each of the mineral ore lumps will have a different departure angle to said impurity lumps thereby facilitating separation thereof.
  • Each of the paddles may have an open or vented inner end to ensure that deposition of lumps does not occur between each paddle and an adjacent external surface of the at least one paddle wheel.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for processing or refining a mineral ore comprising:
  • At least one pair of angled conveyors wherein an entrance gap between each angled conveyor for passage of said mineral ore lumps is of greater size than an exit gap between each angled conveyor for departure of said mineral ore lumps, said mineral ore lumps departing said angled conveyors having a maximum dimension of between 25mm to 150mm;
  • a separating assembly for separating ore lumps which have a lesser specific gravity from impurity lumps
  • a collection device for collecting the ore lumps for further processing.
  • the hopper may further comprise a pair of impaction conveyors located below the hopper for producing a regulated size lump of mineral ore.
  • the apparatus for processing or refining a mineral ore may have any of the features of the method of processing or refining a mineral ore according to the first aspect.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing or refining a mineral ore which includes the following steps:
  • step (iii) separating ore lumps which have a lesser specific gravity from impurity lumps by impacting said lumps or particles produced from step (ii) on an impaction surface whereby said impurity lumps having a lesser departure angle than said ore lumps will be discarded;
  • Step (i) may further comprise said lumps of said mineral ore having a size less than 1200mm are pushed from an exit opening of a hopper located above the at least one pair of rotating members.
  • Said at least one pair of rotating members may rotate in the same direction.
  • the at least one pair of rotating members may have at least one impaction member extending outwardly from an external surface of each rotating member.
  • said lumps of mineral ore having a size greater than 1200mm may be passed from an exit opening of a hopper to a pair of impaction conveyors located below the hopper before said lumps of mineral ore are passed between said at least one pair of rotating members.
  • Said at least one pair of rotating members may rotate in the same direction.
  • the at least one pair of rotating members may have impaction members extending outwardly from an external surface of each rotating member which are spaced from each other along a length of each rotating member.
  • Said impaction conveyors may have a belt or chain having a plurality of spaced impact members arranged transversely to a longitudinal axis of each conveyor. Rotation of each rotating member may be such that said impaction members on each adjacent rotating member do not contact each other.
  • a rotation speed of each rotating member in the form of a cylinder may be set so as to arrange flat surfaces of said lumps in a vertical aspect tangential to a rotating external surface of each cylinder.
  • Impaction members of each cylinder may be arranged in pairs extending transversely through each cylinder wherein said pairs of impaction members are arranged in a staggered formation at an angle between 10° to 90 Q to each other.
  • the lumps of mineral ore may be passed between the pair of impaction conveyors mounted on a pair of frames supported in a structure having a resilient spring arrangement and each frame has adjustment means to align and space apart each frame. There may be an adjustable entrance and exit gap between each impaction conveyor.
  • adjustable gap between the at least one pair of rotating members.
  • Said adjustable gap may be set to provide a clearance for lumps having a size of 250mm or less.
  • Lumps of ore passing from one rotating member to another rotating member may be separated into stone or impurity lumps and ore lumps.
  • the mineral ore lumps After the mineral ore lumps have passed through said adjustable gap they may be passed between at least one pair of angled conveyors having cleats or grousers oriented transversely thereto whereby a chain on an upper conveyor has a sagging part or angled part which contacts chain rollers on adjacent conveyors which causes removal of impurity lumps whereby said mineral ore lumps pass through an exit gap between each conveyor allowing for mineral ore lumps of 25-50mm to be collected.
  • a chain on an upper conveyor may comprise a fixed series of stationary transverse bars fixed in a pre-determined profile to provide a rigid support
  • a rotating member having an impaction tyne at an entrance gap between said at least one pair of angled conveyors which impaction tyne will contact said mineral ore lumps before passing through said entrance gap.
  • Said mineral ore lumps after passing through said at least one pair of angled conveyors may be transferred to a high speed conveyor having a speed of around 6- 8m/sec wherein coal lumps entrained with impurity lumps are impacted against a striker or impact plate wherein the heavier impurity lumps will have a departure angle which is less than a departure angle of the mineral ore lumps so as to separate the impurity lumps from said mineral ore lumps.
  • Mineral ore lumps after leaving the exit gap between said at least one pair of angled conveyors may be passed onto at least one rotating paddle wheel having paddles which are oriented to each other at different angles whereby each of mineral ore lumps as well as impurity lumps will impact on a striker plate so that each of the mineral ore lumps will have a different departure angle to said impurity lumps thereby facilitating separation thereof.
  • Each of the paddles may have an open or vented inner end to ensure that deposition of lumps does not occur between each paddle and an adjacent external surface of the at least one paddle wheel.
  • Lumps smaller than 25mm and which have separated from said at least one pair of angled conveyors may be transferred onto said high speed conveyor.
  • the present invention provides a sizing or mineral ore lump splitting apparatus having a plurality of rotating members wherein each rotating member has a plurality of impaction tynes or projections normally oriented to an external surface of each rotating member which pass through adjacent impaction tynes or projections on an adjoining rotating member during operation.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for removal of hard rock and for splitting of mineral ore lumps in a sedimentary plane which include at least one pair of angled conveyors wherein an entrance gap is between each angled conveyor for passage of said mineral ore lumps is of greater size than an exit gap between each angled conveyor for departure of said mineral ore lumps and there is further provided in at least one of said conveyors a sagging or angled part of a chain or belt and each conveyor also includes a multiplicity of rotating rollers which contact said angled chain part to facilitate separation of impurity lumps from said mineral ore lumps.
  • Each of the entrance gap and said exit gap may be adjustable in size.
  • a conveyor having said angled or sagging chain part may be located above an adjacent conveyor.
  • Each of said angled conveyors may be provided with a plurality of spaced and transversely oriented cleats or grousers.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for separation of mineral ore lumps from impurity lumps including a conveyor and a striker or impact plate wherein mineral ore lumps entrained with impurity lumps are transferred to the conveyor and on leaving the conveyor are impacted against a striker or impact plate wherein the heavier impurity particles will have a departure angle that is less than a departure angle for the mineral ore particles facilitating separation of said impurity particles from said mineral ore particles.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for separation of mineral ore lumps from impurity lumps having one or more rotating paddle wheels having paddles or projections which are oriented to each other at different angles as well as a striker or impact plate whereby impurity lumps entrained with mineral ore lumps are transferred to said one or more rotating paddle wheels and upon leaving said paddle wheel(s) impact on said striker or impact plate wherein impurity lumps will have a different departure angle to said mineral ore lumps thereby facilitating their separation.
  • the invention therefore provides a process for processing or refining a mineral ore which includes the following steps:
  • step (iii) separating ore lumps which have a lesser specific gravity from impurity lumps by impacting said lumps or particles produced from step (ii) on an impaction surface whereby said impurity lumps having a lesser departure angle than said ore lumps will be discarded;
  • step (i) there may be provided a hopper to feed run of mine mineral ore lumps, e.g. coal or metalliferous ore lumps, having a size of greater than 1200mm in the majority to the at least one pair of rotating members which preferably rotate in the same direction.
  • the hopper normally is located above the at least one pair of rotating members and may have an exit opening and the mineral ore is pushed through the exit opening and between the pair of rotating members which are preferably rotating cylinders or truncated cones or which have a polygonal cross sectional shape.
  • each of the rotating members are provided with impaction members which may be a series of projections or rods or tubes extending outwardly from a rotating member which are spaced apart from each other along the length of the rotating member and which mesh with each other or do not contact each other upon rotation of adjacent rotating members.
  • the run of mine ore lumps may be discharged into a hopper and be subject to impaction by a pair of conveyors which may be arranged parallel to each other but which are more preferably angled towards each other.
  • Each conveyor may have a belt or chain which suitably has a plurality of spaced impact members in the form of plates or grousers or cleats arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of each conveyor.
  • the use of the pair of conveyors as described above is suitable for processing particles having a maximum dimension lesser than 1200mm and more suitably about 500mm while the passage of coal ore lumps from the hopper directly to the rotating members is preferred for coal lumps having a maximum dimension greater than 1200mm such as about 2500-3500mm.
  • Hard rock removal and further splitting by plane separating unlike materials is facilitated by processing the rock stream longitudinally between the two flexible chain driven sets of grouser plates.
  • the two sets or strings of plates are preferably oriented in the same direction and may be located one on top of the other and may travel in the same direction.
  • the grouser and chain assembly can be similar to a conventional tractor having crawler tracks.
  • the chain reaction points may be supported by track rollers.
  • Both track frames are preferably supported in a structure equipped with a resilient spring arrangement and adjustment means to align and space apart the track frames. Adjustment is made to the tracks in the vertical plane so that the grousers to ground contact surfaces are no longer parallel. Additionally, adjustment in the horizontal plane allows an entry space or gap created between two sets of grousers to decrease in height or taper along the length of track toward the exit area.
  • Lumps presented at the entry gap are caught in the tapering space as a track moves forward, wherein the track is supported by a plurality of rollers which maintains an essentially flat track surface
  • the another surface may be a track or a plurality of transverse bars etc;
  • All fractured material is carried forward out of the crawler track machine as it forms a burden supported by at least one track by way of a resulting forward lump motion whereas the supporting surfaces may have the same velocities, different velocities or travel in opposite directions to each other at different magnitudes of velocity.
  • any non-coal material whether it is of igneous or sedimentary or other origin, capable of withstanding the sagging track load will begin to migrate toward the wider side of the tapering aperture between the track grousers.
  • the horizontal component of the angularly applied load exceeds friction developed between the lump and track grouser plates.
  • one surface is stationary lumps carried forward by the at least one track impact on transverse bars so arranged by the aforesaid forward and transverse taper arrangements.
  • the action of the lumps being carried forward by the at least one track impacts the lump against progressively lowering transverse tapered bars.
  • the resulting reaction supplied by each bar surface results in a transverse reaction component as determined by resolved forces on a trigonometrical basis.
  • the resulting reaction of the lumps occurs transversely to the opening aperture direction line and moves cohesively, any not easily sheared lumps away from the support of the forward moving conveyor,
  • the chain and grouser track assemblies are designed to gently restrain any lump that makes contact with any mating top and bottom grousers;
  • the tapering aperture formed between the two track assemblies is a self cleaning accurate sizing process.
  • step (i) it will be appreciated that since sedimentary rock formations bulk into lumps of various shapes and sizes that such lumps will commonly have two adjacent flat surfaces displaced closely to each other. When these lumps fall into a space between rotating members such as rotating cylinders such cylinders may be driven and timed to each other to avoid the impaction projections described above from contacting each other and also allowing each following projection to contact any lumps falling from a previous cylinder.
  • the rotational speed of each cylinder may be set to arrange the flat rock surfaces in a vertical aspect tangential to the rotating cylindrical external surfaces.
  • a plurality of rotating cylinders are used with the impaction projections constituted by at least one bar extending transversely through each cylinder wherein the at least one bar may be arranged in a line or in a staggered formation, staggered at between 10° to 90 Q and more preferably 10 ° to 25 Q and more suitably 15 Q with respect to each other.
  • the use of rotating cylinders in step (i) is essentially a sizing process and it will be appreciated that (a) an aperture or gap formed between a pair of adjacent surfaces moving in opposite directions is a self cleaning accurate sizing process; (b) no crushing operation impacts on lumps and (c) fines production is insignificant during the sizing process.
  • step (i) also concerns a process of lumps splitting along a plane separating un-like materials.
  • the long flat squat lumps may be aligned parallel to the rotating cylinder centrelines or longitudinal axes with the flat surfaces tangential to the cylinder that they contact.
  • Entry between the rotating cylinders causes all lumps to progress forward at a speed, e.g., around 2 to 5 metres per second and preferably around 3 to 4 metres per second. All of the rotating cylinders rotate in the same direction and are driven and timed with respect to each other to avoid any clashing between adjacent rotating cylinders.
  • the lump descends propelled forward by its own momentum into the gap between two rotating cylinders.
  • a driven impaction projection on an adjacent rotating cylinder performs work on the lump such that the lump will either become a smaller sized lump by disintegration of the lump or the lump will be driven into a short projectile orbit to have further work performed on the lump by a further adjacent rotating cylinder.
  • the process begins once again with the lump descending and another rotating cylinder with an impaction projection performing further work on the lump as described above. This process causes a shock wave to pass through the lump and facilitates breaking of a bond between a coal particle and an impurity particle present in the lump.
  • the lump still intact passes over an adjacent cylinder to repeat the process with the next cylinder.
  • the next cylinder may have a different diameter, rotating bar arrangement and surface spacing to the previous cylinder.
  • step (i) having regard to lump splitting is significant, i.e.:
  • the drop height of the lumps between the rotating members is designed to dislodge coal at an interface between coal and non-coal or impurity surfaces;
  • the pair of conveyors will preferably have a variable aperture or gap therebetween and this may be accomplished in one form by opposed sets of transfer chains or tracks which are subject to a different bias so that one transfer chain may be loosely supported and the other transfer chain may be more rigidly supported.
  • a variable gap or aperture is formed between a pair of conveyors.
  • a fixed series of stationary transverse bars may be fixed in a pre-determined profile to provide a rigid support in comparison with the flexible support described above. The fixed support may be more desirable in some cases where differing size and composition of the lumps exist.
  • Each transfer chain may have a set of grouser or impaction plates transversely attached thereto. It will be thus appreciated that with the differently biased transfer chains that the gap between the chains will open and close to accommodate the size of the lump passing therethrough. Therefore lumps are constrained to move forward into a space created by each chain.
  • step (iii) it will be appreciated that non-laterally discharged hard rocks pass directly between each transfer chain to be subject to step (iii).
  • this step is based on a realisation that differing amounts of energy contained in particles or lumps travelling in the same direction with the same constant velocity but having differing specific gravities can be separated by impaction on a striker plate or weighted surface when the particles or lumps are caused to become projectiles. Lumps or particles having the same geometry but different SG values when impacted side by side on a striker plate will deflect away from the original trajectory at different exit velocities which both differ from the original projectile velocity prior to impaction. When SG values between the coal and the sedimentary stone etc are quite similar it may be necessary to further vary the angle and/or the composition of the striker plate in order to separate the two different types of material.
  • lump stream paths are created by setting adjustable boundary limits.
  • coal specific gravity varies up to 1 .4 whereas sedimentary stone, igneous rock and other like materials vary up from 1 .5 to as much as 4 or preferably 1 .7 to 2.8.
  • Adjustable boundary limits can form separate chutes that accept light coal, heavy coal, mud stone, silt stone, clay stone, sand stone, basalt, siderite or dolerite or the like. The following points are significant:
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for separation of mineral ore lumps from impurity lumps having one or more rotating paddle wheels having paddles or projections which are oriented to each other at different angles as well as a striker or impact plate whereby impurity lumps entrained with mineral ore lumps are transferred to said one or more rotating paddle wheels and upon leaving said paddle wheel(s) impact on said striker or impact plate wherein impurity lumps will have a different departure angle to said mineral ore lumps thereby facilitating their separation.
  • the invention also includes within its scope sizing or mineral ore lump splitting apparatus having a plurality of rotating members wherein each rotating member has at least one impaction projection such as a bar or a tyne normally oriented to an external surface of each rotating member which pass through adjacent impaction tynes or projections on an adjoining rotating member during operation.
  • impaction projection such as a bar or a tyne normally oriented to an external surface of each rotating member which pass through adjacent impaction tynes or projections on an adjoining rotating member during operation.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for removal of hard rock and for splitting of mineral ore lumps in a sedimentary plane which include a pair of angled conveyors each having a plurality of spaced and transversely oriented cleats wherein an entrance gap is for the passage of said mineral ore lumps is of greater size than an exit gap for departure of said mineral ore lumps and there is further provided in one of said conveyors a sagging or angled part of a chain and each conveyor also includes a multiplicity of rotating rollers which contact said angled chain part to facilitate separation of impurity lumps from said mineral ore lumps.
  • a mineral ore processing method and an apparatus for processing a mineral ore in accordance with this invention may manifest itself in a variety of forms. It will be convenient to hereinafter describe several embodiments of the invention which relate to the processing of a mineral ore that is coal ore in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The purpose of providing this detailed description is to instruct persons having an interest in the subject matter of the invention how to carry the invention into practical effect. However it is to be clearly understood that the specific nature of this detailed description does not supersede the generality of the preceding broad description.
  • FIGS 1 A - 1 B illustrate step 1 of the invention in one aspect
  • FIGS 2A - 2B illustrate step 1 of the invention on another aspect
  • FIGS 3A - 3B are further perspective view of apparatus used in step 1 of the invention.
  • FIGS 4, 4A & 4B provide further elevation views of the pair of conveyors shown in FIG 2B;
  • FIGS 5A - 5B represent apparatus used in step 2 of the invention
  • FIG 6 represents another alternative of step 2 of the invention
  • FIG 7 represents one aspect of step 3 of the invention
  • FIG 8 represents another aspect of step 3 of the invention.
  • FIG 9 provides an overall schematic view of the apparatus used in the process of the invention.
  • FIGS 1 A and 1 B there is shown hopper 10, conveyor 1 1 , rocks or mineral aggregates or particles or lumps of ore 12, drive roller 13, idler roller 14, rotating cylinders 7, 8 and 9 all rotating in the same direction and each having impaction projections such as tynes or outwardly projecting rods or bars 17, 18, 19 and 20 which are arranged in pairs as shown in FIGS 3A to 3B.
  • Each of the impaction projections forming a diameter of cylinders 7, 8 and 9 and also forming a diametric extension of cylinder 7 as shown in FIG 3B.
  • Each pair of tynes 17, 18, 19 and 20 are arranged at 15 Q increments to each other as shown in FIG 1 B and 3A.
  • the impaction projection may consist of a single bar or tyne extending outwardly from a side of the rotating cylinder.
  • the impaction projection may consist of a single bar extending outwardly from either side of the rotating cylinder wherein the bar may form diametrically opposite extension or impaction projections on either side of the rotating cylinder.
  • the process is initiated by lumps 12 being loaded into hopper 10 by any suitable loading apparatus such as an excavator, dump truck or end loader (not shown).
  • lumps 12 are passed into a hopper 1 1 A which has sloping side walls 27 and end wall 28 in contrast to hopper 1 1 which has vertical side walls 29 and vertical end wall 30. Hopper 1 1 A also has an open end 31 .
  • lumps 12 passed between an open gap 32 between conveyors 33 and 34 each having drive rollers 35 and 36 and idler rollers 37 and 38.
  • the gap 32 is adjustable and this may be accomplished by each idler roller 37 and 38 moving away from each other by virtue of having an axle (not shown) being pivotally mounted to a suitable support (not shown).
  • Drive rollers 35 and 36 also have a similar pivotal mounting as idler rollers 37 and 38 with the exception that each of drive rollers are biased outwardly by an appropriate spring assembly (not shown).
  • drive rollers 35 and 36 form an adjustable gap 39.
  • the lump 12 therefore may be moved from the respective hoppers 10, 1 1 A by either of the above processes.
  • the first process noted above using hopper 10 and conveyor 1 1 is an unregulated size flow. In this process any preferably sized lump will be placed in the hopper 10 and simply pass through the hopper 10 and onto the conveyor 1 1 and into the contact cylinder assembly 25 where the unregulated lumps 12 are sized.
  • hopper 1 1 A passes the lump 12 through to a pair of conveyors 33, 34 to produce a regulated size flow and regulated size lump 12.
  • the lump 12 passes from the hopper 1 1 A into the pair of conveyors 33, 34 in which the size of the lump 12 is regulated to a certain size before entering the contact cylinder assembly 25 in which the regulated lump 12 is further sized.
  • a regulated or unregulated size flow produces a regulated lump size which allows for the effective operation of the at least one pair of rotating members or rotating cylinders 7, 8, 9.
  • the lumps 12 are placed in the hopper 10 and reach the bottom open end 21 of hopper 10 they contact belt 22 of conveyor 1 1 and under the influence of drive roller 13 pass through the brow or opening 24 of hopper 10 to contact cylinder assembly 25.
  • the lumps 12 are placed in hopper 1 1 A and passed between an open gap 32 between conveyors 33 and 34 to contact cylinder assembly 25.
  • composition of the lump 12 may decide which of the above processes to use.
  • a lump 12 may contain a large amount of coal ore and very little impurity particles however it may have a size greater than 1200 mm. Due to the amount of coal ore it may be the case that the bands which are formed at the interface of the impurities and coal will easily separate at the band and therefore it may be an advantage to use the hopper 10 and conveyor 1 1 to pass through the brow or opening 24 of hopper 10 to contact cylinder assembly 25.
  • each of conveyors 33 and 34 may be vertically orientated as shown in FIG 4A or horizontally arranged as determined by relevant process parameters.
  • FIG 4B is a detail of location "X" shown in FIG 4A.
  • Each of conveyors 33 and 34 support an endless belt or chain 40 which are provided with cleats or grousers 41 transversely oriented to the longitudinal axis of each conveyor 33 and 34. It is preferred that each cleat or grouser 41 have a width that corresponds to the width of opening 31 of hopper 1 1 A. There also may be provided a single chain or belt 40 or multiple chains or belts 40 as may be required.
  • a grouser or cleat 41 is typically a protrusion on the surface of a continuous track segment or conveyor 33, 34.
  • Grousers 41 may take the form of flat plates or bars, or may take on more complex shapes, including spikes and involute curves, depending on the type of material and the performance requirements of the conveyors 33, 34.
  • the grousers 41 are made of metal, such as forged steel.
  • FIG 4 there are provided any array of four rollers or cylinders 7A, 8A, 9A and 1 0A as opposed to an array of three cylinders 7, 8 and 9 shown in FIGS 1 B and 2B.
  • Each of gaps 33A between each of rollers 7A and 8A, 8A and 9A, and 9A and 1 0A may be adjustable.
  • Gaps 33A may be formed by each of rollers 7A, 8A, 9A and 10A being spring biased toward an upper position.
  • FIGS 1 A and 1 B is used when the lumps are irregular and have very large sizes e.g. having a dimension greater than 1200mm. In other words, they will not pass through conveniently through gap 32 shown in FIG 2B.
  • the embodiment of FIGS 2A and 2B may be used for smaller particles, having a dimension less than 1200mm.
  • the process described in FIGS 1 A, 1 B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B and 4A and 4B has the result of processing lumps 1 2 so that sedimentary lumps which have a multiplicity of bands or joints can be easily separated at these band or joint locations.
  • Bands may occur at interfaces between mud stone, clay stone, silt stone and sand stone and coal and passing of such lumps 12 between conveyors 33 and 34 initially starts separation of coal particles from impurity particles along these bands.
  • the velocity of conveyor 33 may be between 2.0 - 5.0 metres/second or preferably 3.0 to 4.0 metres/second and the velocity of conveyor 34 is preferably less than the speed of conveyor 34 by about 5-1 0%.
  • conveyor 33 (vi) may have a different velocity than conveyor 34 (v 2 ).
  • the use of the angled gap 39 in FIG 2B facilitates control of flow of particles or lumps 1 2A so that they come into contact with cylinder assembly 25. Consequently, lumps 1 2A will only pass through gap 39 if they preferably have a size of 250mm or less as gap 39 is usually set at this limit. Therefore preferably the lumps 12A contacting cylinder assembly 25 will usually have a width of the order of 250mm or less. These particles will comprise lumps of stone and coal.
  • the rotating cylinders 7, 8, 9 of the contacting cylinder assembly 25 are timed with respect to each other to avoid the impaction projections on adjacent cylinders from coming in contact with the impaction projections on the other adjacent cylinder. This is also the reason why the roatating cylinders are all rotated in the same direction.
  • the particles 12A after passing through cylinder 7, 8 and 9 and associated tynes 17, 18, 19 and 20 will be subject to shearing forces resulting from impact with tynes 17, 18, 19 and 20 thereby separating coal particles from stone lumps.
  • the coal particles having a width of less than 250mm will then pass through gaps 33A as shown by particles 12B in FIG 2B and particles having a greater width of 250mm will then pass over cylinders 8 and 9 as shown by the arrows in FIG 1 B or shown by particles 12A in FIG 2B.
  • the particles that are passed over cylinders 8 and 9 which have a size greater than the entrance gap 53A of conveyors 54 and 55 are excluded by a screening means (not shown).
  • Particles 12B will then be deposited on slat conveyor 51 shown in phantom in FIG 5A and in more detail in FIG 6.
  • a small roller or cylinder 52 having a tyne or projection 53 which will impact on particles 12A before they pass into entrance gap 53A of the at least one pair of conveyors 54 and 55 which have idler rollers 56 and 57 and drive rollers 58 and 59.
  • Chain or belt 60A is also provided with cleats or grousers 41 A. As particles 12A pass through entrance gap 53A they will contact chain 60A which has a sagging or angled part 62 which contacts particles 12A.
  • the chain 60A may be provided with sufficient weight so that contact with angled part 62 will separate coal particles 12C from any remaining stone or impurity particles wherein particles 12C will pass through exit gap 63 and such coal particles will preferably have a dimension of 25 - 50 mm.
  • the contact chain 60A which forms a flexible support on conveyor 54 may be replaced by a fixed series of stationary transverse bars fixed in a predetermined profile to provide a rigid support to replace conveyor 54 and flexible contact chain 60A. Any stone particles present in gap 64 between conveyors 54 and 55 will impact on angled part 62 of the chain 60A so that angled part 62 will contact chain rollers 65 on each conveyor 54 and 55 as shown.
  • Particles 12 and 12A can be composite or discrete particles (i.e. impurity or mineral particles).
  • particles 12 and 12A having a maximum dimension of 25-50mm may then pass through a further set of conveyors 70 and 71 as shown in FIG 6 wherein particles 12 and 12A are subject to the action of an impact cylinder 72 having a transversely oriented tyne 73 before passing into an entrance gap 74 between conveyors 70 and 71 which are also provided with chain 60A having an angled or sagging chain 62 and opposed sets of chain rollers 65 as shown in FIG 5A.
  • the inclusion of a further set of conveyors 70 and 71 may be necessary in the case when exit gap 63 between conveyors 54 and 55 can only be adjusted to a minimum gap of 70- 80mm due to relevant site conditions.
  • the next stage in the process of the invention is to pass the coal particles 12D and impurity particles 12E onto a high speed conveyor 80 having a speed of around 6-8m/sec wherein coal particles 12D entrained with stone particles 12E are impacted against striker or impact plate 81 wherein the heavier particles 12E will have a departure angle which is less than the departure angle of coal particles 12D thereby facilitating separation of coal particles 12D from stone particles 12E.
  • a high speed conveyor 80 having a speed of around 6-8m/sec wherein coal particles 12D entrained with stone particles 12E are impacted against striker or impact plate 81 wherein the heavier particles 12E will have a departure angle which is less than the departure angle of coal particles 12D thereby facilitating separation of coal particles 12D from stone particles 12E.
  • Each of particles 12E and 12D may be collected on different conveyors (not shown) due to this difference in departure angle as shown in FIG 7.
  • FIG 8 particles or lumps 12D and 12E leaving exit gap 63 between conveyors 54 and 55 and being passed onto a rotating paddle wheel 84 having paddles 85 which are oriented to each other at different angles as shown.
  • paddles 85 may have an open or vented inner end to ensure that deposition of particles does not take place between each paddle 85 and the adjacent external surface 86 of each paddle wheel 84.
  • Each of particles 12D and 12E may then impact on striker plate 88 so each will have a different departure angle as described in FIG 7 so that stone or impurity particles 12E may be collected by conveyor 90 and coal particles 12D impact on chute surface 92 as shown.
  • smaller particles 12F formed from coal and smaller stone particles 12G which are entrained with larger particles 12D and 12E. The stone particles 12E and 12G will collect on conveyor 90 and coal particles 12D and 12F will impact on chute surface 92.
  • Such particles 12D and 12F may be subject to the action of a further paddle wheel 84 and paddles 85 wherein particles 12D and 12E pass between gap 93 between return string 94 of conveyor 90 and hence, will impact on a further striker plate 95 so that stone particles 12G may be collected on conveyor 96 and coal particles 12D and 12F may be collected on conveyor 97.
  • this step is based on a realisation that differing amounts of energy contained in particles or lumps travelling in the same direction with the same constant velocity but having differing specific gravities (SG) can be separated by impaction on a striker plate or weighted surface when the particles or lumps 12D are caused to become projectiles.
  • Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
  • coal processing plant 5 of the invention having hopper 10, cylinder assembly 25, conveyors 54 and 55 and separation plant 6 all being supported on a belt conveyor 51 A which is pivotally attached at 98A to a mounting trailer or frame 98 having ground supporting wheels 99.
  • Coal particles separated from lumps 12 of ore are collected on a further belt conveyor 100 which is also supported on mounting frame or trailer 101 having ground supporting wheels 102. Both frame or trailer 101 may be articulated to frame or trailer 98 at 103.
  • the coal particles after passage on conveyor 100 may be loaded onto transport vehicle 104 having storage space 105 and wheels 106.
  • the process of the invention is based partly on the fact that sedimentary strata of any origin leaves or slips apparatus when gently restrained in a direction parallel to the relevant sedimentary planes and/or separating planes of different materials provides a very low energy process compared to conventional crushing processes. This is applicable for example to mining of coal deposits which are thin layers interposed between adjacent layers of silt stone, mud stone, sand stone or clay stone. Production efficiency is far greater using the process of the invention to this material compared to the conventional crushing process;
  • coal produced by the process of the invention is substantially free from ash producing materials and thus is environmentally friendly compared to conventional crushing processes which afford further significant advantages where the desirable product is used for combustible fuel purposes at high rates of use impurities or undesirable ash producing material included with the fuel contain both moisture and gritty abrasive components.
  • the process and apparatus described above has the potential to facilitate the processing of mineral ore deposits that are located in inaccessible regions.
  • One advantageous feature of the process and apparatus is that it facilitates the recovery of certain deposits without the use of water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement ou d'affinage d'un minerai, comportant les étapes consistant à : (i) produire une taille de mottes (12, 12A) permettant le fonctionnement efficace d'au moins une paire d'organes rotatifs (7, 8, 9, 7A, 9A, 10A) ; (ii) faire passer lesdites mottes dudit minerai (12, 12A) à travers un espace (33) ménagé entre ladite ou lesdites paires d'organes rotatifs (7, 8, 9, 7A, 9A, 10A) afin de réduire la taille desdites mottes (12, 12A) ; (iii) transférer les mottes (12, 12A) présentant ladite taille réduite à travers une paire de convoyeurs (54, 55) où lesdites mottes sont soumises à des impacts, des mottes ou particules (12C) présentant sensiblement une dimension maximale comprise entre 25mm et 150mm étant ainsi recueillies ; (iv) séparer les mottes de minerai, dont la densité est plus faible, des mottes d'impuretés par impact desdites mottes ou particules (12D, 12E) issues de l'étape (iii) sur une surface (81, 88) d'impact, lesdites mottes (12E) d'impuretés, caractérisées par un angle de déviation plus faible que celui des mottes (12D) de minerai, étant alors éliminées ; et (v) recueillir les mottes (12D) de minerai afin d'en poursuivre le traitement.
PCT/AU2010/001319 2009-10-08 2010-10-08 Procédé et appareil de traitement de minerai Ceased WO2011041841A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2010305322A AU2010305322A1 (en) 2009-10-08 2010-10-08 A mineral ore processing method and apparatus
NZ599835A NZ599835A (en) 2009-10-08 2010-10-08 A mineral Ore Processing Method and Apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2009904909A AU2009904909A0 (en) 2009-10-08 Coal ore processing method and apparatus
AU2009904909 2009-10-08
AU2010900930 2010-03-05
AU2010900930A AU2010900930A0 (en) 2010-03-05 Mineral ore processing apparatus and method

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US9839915B2 (en) 2013-11-28 2017-12-12 Carey Hunker Impact grinding plant for the communition of ore
CN107983662A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2018-05-04 杨宝祥 一种矿料干法分选系统及方法
CN112697572A (zh) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-23 浙江华东工程咨询有限公司 适用于泥质粉砂岩破碎的室内试验方法

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CN109967165A (zh) * 2019-05-29 2019-07-05 淮北普成饲料有限公司 一种多工位饲料加工用粉碎装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9839915B2 (en) 2013-11-28 2017-12-12 Carey Hunker Impact grinding plant for the communition of ore
CN107983662A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2018-05-04 杨宝祥 一种矿料干法分选系统及方法
CN112697572A (zh) * 2020-12-18 2021-04-23 浙江华东工程咨询有限公司 适用于泥质粉砂岩破碎的室内试验方法
CN112697572B (zh) * 2020-12-18 2023-08-29 浙江华东工程咨询有限公司 适用于泥质粉砂岩破碎的室内试验方法

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