WO2010135848A1 - Method for producing multiphase particle-reinforced metal matrix composites - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing multiphase particle-reinforced metal matrix composites is provided. The method is characterized by the combination of an in-situ reaction process in an external electromagnetic field and an in-situ crystallization process in an external electromagnetic field. A traveling wave magnetic field or a rotating magnetic field is employed in the in-situ reaction process, and a rotating magnetic field or a high frequency magnetic field is employed in the in-situ crystallization process. Said method can obtain homogeneous, gradient enhanced or surface reinforced composite materials.

Description

 Method for preparing multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite material

 The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite preparation, in particular to a novel method for preparing a self-generating multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite by an in situ reaction method and an in situ crystallization method under the action of an electromagnetic field.

Background technique

 Multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composites have both good toughness and plasticity of metal and strength and modulus of ceramics. Compared with traditional materials, multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composites have better physical and mechanical properties. It has broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobile and electronics. In situ composite method is an important method for preparing particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The reinforcement of the method grows from in-situ nucleation in the metal matrix, has relatively high thermodynamic stability, and has enhanced surface cleanliness, good wettability with the substrate, high interface bonding strength, and good material retention. At the same time of toughness and high temperature performance, the strength and elastic modulus of the material are greatly improved. Therefore, in-situ composite method is an important method for preparing particle reinforced metal matrix composites.

 The in-situ composite method can be divided into an in-situ reaction method and an in situ crystallization method according to the manner in which the reinforcement is formed. The in-situ reaction method is a method of forming a fine and stable reinforcing particle phase by in-situ chemical reaction of a reactant with a matrix metal by adding a reactant to the melt; the in-situ crystallization method is to utilize the precipitation of the alloy melt during solidification. The phase is used as a reinforcement particle to prepare a metal matrix composite. In-situ reaction and in-situ crystallization have their own characteristics in terms of preparation methods, types and characteristics of reinforcing phases, and structure and properties of composites.

 The main advantages of in situ reaction are:

 (1) controlling the quantity and size of the reinforcement by controlling the amount of the reactant added and the reaction synthesis time, and the specific preparation method is flexible and diverse;

(2) There are many choices for the enhanced phase types. The particle phase may be a ceramic phase such as A1 ₂ 0 ₃ , TiB ₂ , ZrB _{2 ,} etc., or an intermetallic compound phase such as Al ₃ Ti or Al ₃ Zr, a particle phase and a matrix. The matching selection space is large;

 The main disadvantages of the in situ reaction method are:

 (1) When the reactants are added to the melt, uneven mixing is likely to occur, and the local reaction is relatively intense, resulting in easy lumping and growth of the particle phase, and uneven distribution of the reinforcing phase, which will seriously affect the performance stability of the composite material;

 (2) When preparing a high volume fractional particle phase composite material, the degree of in situ reaction is difficult to control, and the thermal effect of the reaction affects the temperature of the reaction system, and lacks control over the nucleation and growth of the particle phase;

(3) When preparing high-volume fractional particle phase composite materials, the in-situ reaction efficiency is low, the generated particles are easily agglomerated, and excess reactants and reaction residues are likely to contaminate the metal, resulting in a high volume fraction obtained by in-situ reaction. Composite material There are many structural defects in the material, which will affect its performance in severe cases.

 The main advantage of in situ crystallization is -

(1) The type and amount of the precipitated particle phase are controlled by controlling the crystallization time and the crystallization temperature and the supercooling of the melt component, so that the in-situ crystallization process is easier to control;

 (2) The particles are precipitated in situ in the melt, and there is no problem of the interface contaminated by the reactants, so the interface recombination is better; the main disadvantage of the in-situ crystallization composite method is:

(1) The preparation method is single, and the in-situ crystallized particle reinforcement is mainly an intermetallic compound and a primary crystal phase, such as Mg ₂ Si, Al ₃ Ti, FeAl ₃ and primary Si, etc., the particle phase form is relatively simple, and the matrix The matching form is single and the selection space is small;

(2) The in-situ crystallization of particles is limited by the mass transfer kinetics in the melt. The volume fraction of the particles is also limited by the volume fraction. Although the crystallization time is prolonged, the subcooling of the components can increase the volume fraction of the particles. However, the crystallization time is long, the growth of primary particles and clusters are serious, so it is difficult to prepare high-volume fraction composites with excellent properties by a single in-situ crystallization method.

 In view of the above analysis, the in-situ reaction method has many advantages in the preparation method and the selection of the particle phase and the matching with the matrix; in situ crystallization is superior to the in situ in the control of the composite process and the combination of the particle phase and the matrix. Reaction method. Therefore, the in-situ reaction method and the in-situ crystallization method have good complementarity in the preparation method of the autogenous particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, and the in-situ reaction method and the in situ crystallization method are used to prepare the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, which can enhance the reinforcement. The type and volume fraction of the particle phase, especially in the preparation of the cerium volume fraction particle phase reinforced metal matrix composite, the in-situ reaction method and the in situ crystallization method are used to prepare the multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, which can overcome the preparation by a single method. The difficulty of high volume fractional particle phase reinforced metal matrix composites.

 Another important problem in the preparation of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites is: Whether in-situ reaction or in-situ crystallization is used to prepare particle-reinforced metal matrix composites, in which the composition, morphology and distribution control of the particle phase are It will have a decisive influence on the properties of the composite. Therefore, an effective method must be adopted for the composition, morphology and distribution control of the particle phase.

 Based on this background, the present invention proposes to integrate a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by in-situ reaction method and in situ crystallization method under the action of an electromagnetic field. Any report on the preparation of multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composites using this integrated method has not been found in the existing literature search.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is: To solve the shortcomings of preparing a particle reinforced composite material by using an in situ reaction method or an in situ crystallization method, an in-situ reaction method and an in situ crystallization method are integrated to prepare a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite material. It is proposed to control the distribution of particle phase under the action of electromagnetic field and solve the main bottleneck problem of the preparation of particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The technical principle of the invention is: preparing a multi-phase particle reinforced metal matrix composite by in-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method, and applying an electromagnetic field to control the in-situ reaction in the in-situ reaction synthesis process, by controlling the degree of uniformity of the reaction Overcoming the defects of uneven distribution of in-situ synthesis reaction, and inhibiting the clustering and growth of the particle phase, and the utilization of the electromagnetic field can improve the utilization of the reactants, making the in-situ reaction more thorough and beneficial. Excretion of impurities and by-products. In the solidification process of the molten metal matrix composite, the electromagnetic field is also applied, and the magnetization and stirring of the electromagnetic field are used to make the distribution of the in-situ crystalline phase uniform or gradient or oriented, and promote the nucleation of the in-situ crystalline phase. By this method, a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite material in which the in-situ reaction is formed to form a particle phase synergistically with the in situ crystalline particles is prepared.

 Based on the above principles, the technical solution for implementing the present invention is implemented in two steps:

 (-): Synthesis of composite melt by in-situ reaction under electromagnetic field

 In the in-situ reaction synthesis process, after the melt composition is qualified and the temperature reaches the in-situ reaction temperature, the in-situ reactant is added, and the magnetic field is applied to control the in-situ reaction and the particle dispersion state. The magnetic field of the process can select the low-frequency traveling wave magnetic field. The electromagnetic parameters are: the frequency is 50Hz, the working current is 1-1000A, and the magnetic induction intensity of the center of the melt is controlled at 0. 00 wide and 1T. The electromagnetic parameters are adjusted according to the stirring strength of the melt. Τ。 The preferred parameter is the control of the center of the magnetic induction of the magnetic field in the range of 0. 02~0.

 The low-frequency electromagnetic stirring magnetic field of the synthesis process can also select the rotating stirring magnetic field of the above parameter range, the main purpose is to stir the molten pool, accelerate the convective diffusion mass transfer of the reactants and accelerate the transfer of the in-situ reaction heat, so that the temperature of the system is uniform and The in-situ reaction proceeds uniformly in the melt, and the electromagnetic field can accelerate the diffusion and mass transfer of the particle phase to reduce the clustering and growth of the particle phase.

 (2): Controlling the solidification crystallization of the composite melt under electromagnetic field

 The composite melt prepared above is solidified under the control of an electromagnetic field after the temperature reaches the casting temperature, and the purpose of the magnetic field application is mainly to control the distribution of the particle phase. Depending on the purpose, the electromagnetic field applied by the process can select a low frequency rotating agitating magnetic field or a high frequency oscillating magnetic field.

 a. For the homogeneous particle reinforced composite material with uniform particle distribution, the solidification process of the composite material is controlled by applying a rotating electromagnetic stirring magnetic field. The electromagnetic parameter range is: a wide frequency 50fe, a working current ηθΟΟΑ, and the magnetic induction intensity of the control crystallization center is 0. 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。.

b. For composite materials or surface-strengthened composites with particle gradient distribution, the in-situ crystallization process selects the 髙-frequency oscillating magnetic field. The electromagnetic parameters of the high-frequency oscillating magnetic field are: frequency lkH _Z ~ 30kHz, power range (TlOOkW, no-load crystallization) The magnetic induction intensity in the range of 0. 005~1T, the optimal parameter is to control the magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer at 0. Γ0. 5Τ. The main advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

(1) Preparation of multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composites by in-situ reaction composite and in-situ crystallization under the action of electromagnetic field, overcoming the insufficiency of single in-situ reaction or in-situ crystallization to prepare particle-reinforced metal matrix composites In situ The reaction particles and the particles formed by in-situ crystallization synergistically strengthen the material to achieve the complementarity of the two strengthening effects, and the reinforcing effect is better than the single in situ reaction method or the in situ crystallization method;

 (2) The in-situ reaction process is controlled by the electromagnetic field to make the in-situ reaction in the melt more uniform, the diffusion mass transfer rate of the generated particle phase is improved, the particle clusters are suppressed, and the particles are refined and distributed more uniformly;

 (3) Under the electromagnetic field, the solidification process and the in-situ crystallization process of the composite melt can be controlled to control the distribution of the particles, and the composite material or the phase of the particle phase which is uniformly distributed with the multiphase reinforcing particles is prepared, and the gradient is distributed along the radial direction. Gradient composite or surface reinforced composite.

 In summary, the in-situ reaction method combined with in situ crystallization to prepare multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composites can effectively improve the type and quantity of particle phase, achieve multiphase particle strengthening, use electromagnetic field to in situ reaction process and in situ The crystallization process is effectively controlled to achieve the preparation of "controllable" and "designable" materials, which can ensure the stability of material performance quality in industrial production. In addition, the method is simple and easy to implement, has low equipment investment, obvious benefits, and is very suitable for industrial scale production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the in-situ reaction synthesis process under electromagnetic field

Legend: 1 Argon air gun (injection of reactant powder or refined powder or argon blowing refining) 2 composite melt 3 坩埚 or lining 4 heating element 5 traveling wave magnetic field

 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of in situ crystallization process under electromagnetic field

Legend: 6 Melting furnace / refining holding furnace / in situ reaction synthesis furnace 7 flow tank / soup channel 8 melt 9 continuous casting insulation hot top 10 solidification control magnetic field (rotating magnetic field / high frequency magnetic field) 11 crystallizer 12 two cold spray Water device 13 composite material slabFig. 3 Comparison of the effect of the implementation example 1 with the in-situ reaction in the absence of magnetic field and the in-situ crystallization composite and the single in situ reaction composite and the single in situ crystallization composite solidification structure comparison chart

 Figure 3 (a) is the result of the present invention; Figure 3 (b) In-situ reaction + in situ crystallization without magnetic field; Figure 3 (c) Single-in-situ reaction composite result using the same electromagnetic parameters as the example; Figure 3 ( d) Single in situ reaction composite results without magnetic field; Figure 3 (e) Single in situ crystallization composite results using the same electromagnetic parameters as in the example; Figure 3 (f) Single in situ crystallization composite results without magnetic field.

 Figure 4 is a comparison of the effect of Example 2 with the solidification of a single in-situ reaction composite and a single in-situ crystallization composite.

Figure 4 (a) is the result of the present invention; Figure 4 (b) The single in-situ reaction composite result under the same electromagnetic parameters as the embodiment; Figure 4 (c) Single in-situ reaction composite result without magnetic field; Figure 4 (d) The single in-situ crystallization composite results were obtained using the same electromagnetic parameters as in the examples; Figure 4 (e) Single in-situ crystallization composite results without magnetic field. detailed description Example 1: In-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method under electromagnetic field to prepare (Al ₃ Zr( _s )+Al ₂ 0 ₃ ( _s) ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composites (Note: Enhanced phase Α1 ₂ 0 _3ω all For the in-situ reaction to form particles, Al ₃ Zr( _{s) is} mainly formed by in-situ crystallization.

Raw materials: Base metal: Pure Al, Al- 3.8% Zr alloy; Solid powder: Industrial zirconium carbonate (Zr(C0 ₃ ) ₂ ) powder, refined deaerator and slag slag;

 The preparation process is divided into three steps:

 (1): Preparation of reactive salt and base metal melt:

Industrial zirconium carbonate powder in a ball mill ground to a fine powder (particle size less than 100 μ πι), dried at 200 ° C 2 hours, was weighed into a blowing tank, Zr (C0 _{3) 2} added to the weight of metal by weight 20%. 90kg pure A1 plus 10kg Al-3. 8%Zr alloy is melted and heated to 900 °C in a crucible melting furnace, degassing and slag.

(2): In situ reaction under the traveling wave magnetic field to synthesize A1 ₂ 0 _{3 (S>} reinforcing particles:

By in-situ reaction: 3Zr (C0 ₃ ) 2 t +4A1 ₎ ==2Α1 ₂ 0 _{3 (s} > +3Zr+6C0 _{2 w} A1 ₂ 0 _{3 (s) is} the in-situ reaction-enhancing particle (Note: Zr (C0 _{3) 2} is further introduced into the melt of Zr atom, an increase of Zr content of the melt, help to improve the in-situ crystallization ₄₁₃₂ ^) number of particles). The process is as follows - the temperature of the aluminum liquid is at 900 Ό, the scum is removed, and the Zr(C0 ₃ ) ₂ powder is blown into the molten pool 2 by the Ar gas lance 1 while the traveling magnetic field 5 is turned on. The electromagnetic parameter of the magnetic field 5 is 5 Hz. The current is 200A, and the magnetic induction intensity of the center of the melt is measured to be 0. 075T. After the powder is sprayed, the argon is refined for 3 minutes, the argon is stopped, and after 18 minutes of synthesis under the electromagnetic field, the magnetic field 5 is turned off, and the electromagnetic field is prepared after standing and slag. Bit crystallization composite process.

(3): In situ crystallization under a rotating magnetic field to form Al ₃ Zr _<s) reinforcing particles:

In the in-situ crystallization of the melt during the cooling and casting solidification process, Al ₃ Zr( _s) particles are formed, and a large amount of Al ₃ Zr( _{s) is} formed in the process of cooling and solidification, and the in-situ reactive composite material is prepared. The melt is started to be cast at about 840 °C, and the casting is semi-continuous casting (Fig. 2). The casting casting speed is controlled to be 0.18 m/min. The solidification process starts with the low frequency rotating stirring magnetic field 10. The electromagnetic parameter of the magnetic field 10 is: frequency. 4T。 The magnetic induction intensity of the center of the melt is 0. 1T. The billet has a round billet size of φ120Μΐ.

内部 The internal structure of the composite slab obtained by the above process is dense, and the particle size is: A1 ₂ 0 _{3 (S>} 0~0. 5 ^, Al ₃ Zr( _s ) 0. 5~5 / m.

In order to compare the effects of the present invention, FIG. 3 shows the composite material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation process of the present invention combined with in situ reaction and in situ crystallization under no magnetic field, and single in situ reaction composite and single use original Comparison of the solidification structure of the crystalline composite. Figure 3 (a) is the result of the present invention; Figure 3 (b) in-situ reaction composite + in situ crystallization composite without magnetic field; Figure 3 (c) using the same electromagnetic parameters as the embodiment of Al-Zr (C0 ₃ ) _{2 (s)} Single in situ reaction composite result; Figure 3 (d) Single in situ reaction composite result without magnetic field; Fig. 3 (e) Using the same electromagnetic parameters as the embodiment, the Al-Zr system is single In situ crystallization composite results; Figure 3 (f) Single in situ crystallization composite results without magnetic field;

It can be seen that with the present invention, the number of in-situ reactive particles ₂ 0 _{3 < 8)} and the in-situ crystalline particles Al ₃ Z _{r )} are significantly increased, and the degree of homogenization of the particle distribution is improved.

Example 2: Preparation of (Alji ( _s ) + Mg ₂ Si _ω ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composite by in-situ reaction and in situ crystallization under electromagnetic field (Note: Enhanced phase Α _{1 3} Τί _{ω is} mainly generated by in situ reaction Particles, Mg ₂ Si _{ω are} all particles formed by in situ crystallization)

 Raw materials: Metal: pure Al, Al-Mg alloy, crystalline silicon; solid powder: industrial potassium fluorotitanate powder, refined deaerator and slag slag;

 The preparation process is divided into two steps:

 (-): Preparation of reactive salt and base metal melt:

 Industrial potassium fluorotitanate powder is ground into a fine powder (particle size less than 100 μm) in a ball mill, baked at 200 ° C for 2 hours, weighed into the spray can, and the weight added by potassium fluorotitanate is the weight of the metal. 10%. 100公斤的工业纯 A1 is melted in a crucible aluminum melting furnace to 900 ° C, degassing, slag, adding 1. 5kg of crystalline silicon to the melt, stirring the molten pool to make the silicon melt evenly, the melt temperature is controlled at 900 'C.

(2): In-situ reaction under the traveling wave magnetic field to synthesize Al ₃ Ti _w reinforced particles - the temperature of the metal melt is constant at 900 ° C, the scum is removed, and the potassium fluorotitanate powder is blown into the molten pool with an Ar gas spray gun. Turn on the traveling wave magnetic field, the electromagnetic parameter of the magnetic field is 15Hz, the current is 100A, and the magnetic induction intensity of the measured melt center is 0. 05T. After the powder is sprayed, the argon is refined for 3min, the argon is stopped, and the 18niiri is synthesized under the electromagnetic field. 2. 4kg of A1 - 50% Mg alloy was added in the body, and the magnetic field was turned off after stirring for 5 minutes in the magnetic field. After standing and slag, the in-situ crystallization process under electromagnetic field was prepared.

(3): In situ crystallization under high frequency magnetic field to form Mg ₂ Si _w reinforced particles:

During the casting process, the melt is crystallized by in-situ formation of Mg ₂ Si _ω particles. In order to crystallize a large amount of Mg ₂ Si _(s) during the solidification process, the melt starts to be cast at about 800 ° C to control the semi-continuous casting casting. The billet speed is 0. 18m / min, the high-frequency magnetic field is turned on during the solidification process, the magnetic field parameters are: frequency 5 kHz, power 10 kW, magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer 0. 1T. The billet has a round billet size of 120 mm. Example 3: In-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method under electromagnetic field to prepare (Al ₃ Zr _(s) + Al ₂ 0 _3(s) ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composite

The raw materials and preparation process used in this embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment. The difference is that both the in-situ reaction process and the in-situ crystallization process use a rotating electromagnetic stirring magnetic field. The electromagnetic parameters used in the in-situ reaction process are: frequency 5 Hz, The working current is 200 A, and the magnetic induction intensity of the measured melt center is 0.075 T. The in-situ crystallization process uses the same electromagnetic parameters as the rotating magnetic field to prepare a multi-phase particle reinforced composite material. Example 4: Preparation of (Al ₃ Zr( _s )+Al ₂ 0 ₃ ( _s) ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composite by in-situ reaction method and in situ nodulation method under electromagnetic field

 - The raw materials and preparation process used in this embodiment are identical to those in Example 1, except that the electromagnetic parameters of the traveling wave magnetic field used in the in-situ reaction process are: frequency 1 Hz, operating current 1000 A, magnetic induction measured at the center of the melt The intensity of the in-situ crystallization process using the electromagnetic parameters of the rotating magnetic field is 50 Hz, the working current is 50 A, and the magnetic induction intensity in the crystallizer is measured to be 0.01 T, to obtain a round billet of φ ΙΟΟ leg.

Example 5: In-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method under electromagnetic field to prepare (Al ₃ Zr _(s) +Al ₂ 0 ₃ ( _s) ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composite

 The raw materials and preparation process used in this embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment. The difference is that the electromagnetic parameters of the traveling wave magnetic field used in the in-situ reaction process are: frequency 50 Hz, working current is 50 A, and the magnetic induction intensity of the melt center is measured. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Example 6: In-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method under electromagnetic field to prepare (Al ₃ Ti( _s) + Mg ₂ Si _(s) ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composite

 The raw material used in this embodiment and the preparation process are the same as those in the second embodiment, except that the electromagnetic parameters of the in-situ crystallization process using the 髙 frequency magnetic field are: frequency 30 kHz, power lOO kW, magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer 0.197 T. The billet has a round billet of 200 mm.

Example 7: In-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method under electromagnetic field (Al ₃ Ti( _s) + Mg ₂ Si ₍₃₎ ) particle reinforced A1 matrix composite

 5 T, The magnetic parameters of the in-situ crystallization process are 0. 5 T. The magnetic parameters of the high-frequency magnetic field are: 1 kHz, the power is 50 kW, the magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer is 0. 5 T . The billet has a round billet size of 180 mm.

Example 8: In-situ reaction method and in-situ crystallization method under the action of electromagnetic field (Al ₃ Ti< _s )+ Mg ₂ Si _ω ) Particle reinforced Al matrix composite

 The raw material used in this embodiment and the preparation process are the same as in the second embodiment, except that the electromagnetic parameters of the high-frequency magnetic field in the in-situ crystallization process are: frequency 20 kHz, power 40 kW, magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer 0. 4 T . The billet has a 160 mm round billet.

 From the solidification structure of the composite material prepared in the above examples, the number of particle phases of the composite material is increased and the degree of uniformity of distribution is improved compared with the case where no magnetic field is applied or a single in-situ reaction composite or a single in-situ crystallization composite is used. An exemplary comparison is shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Claims

Rights request A method for preparing a multi-phase particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, characterized in that: the in-situ reaction is used to form particles and the in-situ crystallized particles are used to compositely strengthen the metal matrix, and the in-situ reaction process and the original state are utilized by using an external electromagnetic field. The crystallization process is controlled.  The method for preparing a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the external electromagnetic field during the in-situ reaction is a traveling wave magnetic field or a rotating electromagnetic stirring magnetic field.  3. The method for preparing a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 2, wherein: the electromagnetic parameters of the traveling wave magnetic field or the rotating electromagnetic stirring magnetic field are: a frequency of 50 Hz, an operating current of 1-1000 A, and a control melting. The magnetic induction at the center of the body is 0.0000 Γ 1 Τ, and the electromagnetic parameters are adjusted according to the mixing strength of the melt.  I. Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ.  5. The method of preparing a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein: the applied electromagnetic field during in situ crystallization is a rotating electromagnetic stirring magnetic field or a high frequency magnetic field.  6. The method of preparing a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 5, wherein: the electromagnetic parameter range of the rotating magnetic field is: a frequency Γ "50 Ηζ, a working current of 1000 A, and a magnetic induction intensity of the crystallization center is controlled. 0. 00Γ1Τ, the electromagnetic parameters are adjusted according to the stirring strength of the melt in the crystallizer.  The 磁 Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ Τ.  8. The method of preparing a multiphase particle reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 5, wherein: the frequency range of the high frequency magnetic field is 1 kHz to 30 kHz, the power range is 0 to 100 kW, and the magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer. The range is 0. 005~1T.  The method of preparing a multi-phase particle reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic induction intensity in the no-load crystallizer is controlled to be in the range of 0.1 Γ θ.