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WO2010124948A1 - COMPONENT FOR GUIDING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT SUCH BETWEEN AN Al ALLOY MATERIAL AND A Cu ALLOY CONTACT PIECE; METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF - Google Patents

COMPONENT FOR GUIDING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT SUCH BETWEEN AN Al ALLOY MATERIAL AND A Cu ALLOY CONTACT PIECE; METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010124948A1
WO2010124948A1 PCT/EP2010/055063 EP2010055063W WO2010124948A1 WO 2010124948 A1 WO2010124948 A1 WO 2010124948A1 EP 2010055063 W EP2010055063 W EP 2010055063W WO 2010124948 A1 WO2010124948 A1 WO 2010124948A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
contact piece
layer
mediator layer
alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/055063
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oliver Stier
Christian Urbanke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2010124948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010124948A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B23K1/203—Fluxing, i.e. applying flux onto surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B23K1/206—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
    • B23K2101/38—Conductors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component for guiding an electric current of Al or an Al-containing alloy, comprising at least one contact piece of Cu, or a Cu-base alloy, said contact piece is materially connected to the component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a material connection between a component for guiding an electric current of Al or an Al-containing alloy and a contact piece made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy.
  • a component of the type specified in the form of a busbar is known, for example, according to US 6,109,983.
  • This busbar is provided for example at its end with a contact piece. While the busbar is made of Al, the contact piece is made of Cu.
  • the contact piece is designed like a clamp and can therefore be pushed by means of a ge ⁇ suitable tool through the end of the busbar.
  • the inner leg of the contact piece are provided with egg ⁇ ner silver coating and can be used in a following mounting to the production step to the busbar ver ⁇ welded. In this way, a material- locking connection is formed, so that a method for producing such a material connection of the type mentioned above is likewise described in US Pat. No. 6,109,983.
  • the object is to provide a component for guiding an electric current such.
  • Example to provide a busbar and a method for its production, in which with comparatively inexpensive materials a comparatively Reliable functioning of the component is ensured with respect to the current conduction between the component and its contact pieces.
  • the initially mentioned component ⁇ he inventively characterized that there is a cohesive Verbin ⁇ dung from a braze joint wherein the braze joint is formed in each case between the contact piece and a promoter layer on the component.
  • the inventions dung proper construction of the component has the advantage that, in particular, Al can be selected for the material of the component, a relatively inexpensive Me ⁇ tall. Normally, however, this metal is not suitable for reliable contacting with other current-carrying components, although its current-carrying capacity is sufficient for conducting the current within the component.
  • the contact areas of the component are mechanically stressed too much in terms of their pressure stability, so that in this area can not be dispensed with a use of Cu or Cu base alloys.
  • the problem which normally arises in the mechanical connection of Cu or Cu-based alloys with metals such as Al is, according to the invention circumvented by an appropriate promoter layer for a Hartlötver ⁇ binding is provided on the component.
  • the intermediate layer can be applied to the component with sufficient adhesion for the application.
  • the contact piece is soldered to the intermediary layer, which brings the necessary requirements for this purpose.
  • the material pairings available for selection consisting of the material of the intermediate layer, the brazing material and the contact piece, are generally known and can be selected depending on the application.
  • Al-containing alloys are to be understood as meaning those alloys which contain Al as a main alloying constituent of more than 10% by weight.
  • more than one contact piece can also be soldered to the component.
  • at least two Kon ⁇ clock pieces so that the current can be initiated at a location of the component and removed again at another point of the component (busbars are generally at least at their ends provided with contact pieces).
  • the mediator layer consists of Cu or a Cu-based alloy. It is particularly advantageous that the verlö- to Tenden partner (contact piece and component) provide at least beauge ⁇ starting similar metals as a surface for soldering available. Soldering by brazing is therefore particularly unproblematic.
  • brazing alloys based on Ag or Cu in accordance with the standard DIN EN 1044 can be used.
  • Lot ⁇ materials are to be understood which have melting temperatures above about 450 0 C.
  • the structure of the mediator layer is clawed to the structure of the component.
  • the structure of the mediator layer is clawed to the structure of the component.
  • the component is coated with an electrically insulating passivation layer as in the case of Al as a material, by reducing the same, a reduction in the electrical contact resistance can be achieved.
  • the contact piece is fitted in a recess of the component. On the one hand, this increases the reliability of the solder joint by increasing the surface area available for the solder joint. In addition, the depression helps to accurately connect the contact piece with the component.
  • a solution of the object is also achieved with the above-angegebe- NEN method characterized in that the component to be produced in the region of material-locking connection with a promoter layer is coated and then a braze joint is created between the piece and the Kon ⁇ clock promoter layer.
  • This is only possible through the inventive single set of promoter layer without problems, as the United ⁇ mid layer one hand, adheres well to the component and to ⁇ the other hand, provides a suitable surface for brazing Availability checked ⁇ supply.
  • the intermediary layer is coated with a hard solder layer and the latter in the He ⁇ generation of the braze is melted.
  • a precise metering of material can take place by coating the mediator layer with a brazing filler metal.
  • This coating process can also be used to create a braze layer on the mediator layer. It is particularly advantageous if the coating of the mediator layer and / or the brazing layer is carried out by cold gas spraying.
  • This method is advantageously characterized in that particles of the coating material are accelerated at supersonic speed to the surface to be coated. The adhesion of the coating particles on the surface is due to their kinetic energy, this process can be supported by an entry of thermal energy into the particles. In any case, however, melting of the particles for the purpose of their deposition on the surface is avoided.
  • the high kinetic energy of coating particles must ⁇ additionally the advantage that a comparatively good adhesion promoting layer can be achieved on the component.
  • the kinetic energy of the particles is then used in particular ⁇ a way that the surface of the component to be coated is deformed, whereby a clawing of the structure of the intermediary layer and the component can be achieved.
  • Such an applied intermediate layer advantageously has a very good adhesion.
  • the cold gas spraying can also be used to clean the surface of the component at least in the area to be coated before coating.
  • the kinetic energy input into the cold gas jet is reduced so much that the coating particles do not adhere to the surface of the component, but attack this surface.
  • the effect is comparable to that of sandblasting, in particular the passivation layer of aluminum oxide on the component can be removed.
  • This advantageously reduces the contact resistance between the component and the mediator layer.
  • a depression is made in the component, into which the contact piece is fitted before generating the brazed joint.
  • FIGS 1 to 3 different stages of an embodiment of the component according to the invention using various process steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the method step that pretreatment of the groove bottom 15 of the recess 12 is performed with a cold gas jet 14 which is produced with a cold gas injection device (not shown).
  • a cold gas jet 14 which is produced with a cold gas injection device (not shown).
  • an aluminum oxide (passivation layer) not shown in more detail is removed from the surface of the component 11.
  • the particles in the cold gas jet 14 do not adhere but are deflected at the surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows a method step in which a layer sequence is produced by the cold gas jet 14 in the depression 12.
  • First ei ⁇ ne intermediary layer (not shown) formed on the bottom of the groove 15 16th
  • a solder layer 17 of a silver-based or copper-based brazing alloy is applied to the intermediate layer 16.
  • the energy input into the cold gas jet 14 has been increased so that the particles transported in the cold gas jet remain on the surface to be coated.
  • the finished component 11 can be seen, which is connected via a solder joint 18 with the contact piece 19.
  • the solder connection has been produced by melting the solder layer 17 produced in the production step according to FIG. Trained as a busbar component 11 can now be connected via the contact piece 19 with another current-carrying component.
  • a bore 20 is provided, by means of which a screw connection with the partner component, not shown, of the busbar can be produced.
  • This screw provides a required contact pressure of the contact piece on the adjacent component in order to ensure the required contact pressure for the transmission of the current.
  • the contact piece 19 has a sufficient compressive strength for the production of this screw connection.
  • the component 11 itself has material properties that would not meet these requirements. The detail enlargement in FIG.
  • an interface 21 between the material of the component 11 and the mediator layer 16 is increased by the fact that the structure of the mediator layer is clawed to the structure of the component 11. Due to the method, this can be achieved by production by means of cold gas spraying, in that the surface of the component 11 is plastically strongly deformed by the incident cold gas jet or the particles contained therein.
  • a round passage through the busbar (component 11) may also be provided, the wall of which is indicated by a dot-dash line 25.
  • This wall can be seen in a manner not shown in the manner described above with a mediator layer and optionally also with a solder layer ver ⁇ . Subsequently, a cylindrical contact piece is fitted into the opening and soldered. The latter may also have a bore for ease of assembly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a component such as a conductor rail (11) for guiding an electric current. It is made of Al or an Al alloy and has at least one contact piece (19) made of Cu or a Cu alloy. According to the invention, the contact piece (19) is joined to the conductor rail (11) by a soldered joint (18), wherein a mediator layer (16) for improving the soldered joint is used. In this way it becomes advantageously possible to produce the conductor rail from a cost-effective material (Al), wherein the pressure stability of the contact pieces (19) is ensured due to the material selection (Cu). Furthermore, according to the invention cold gas spraying is intended as method for producing the mediator layer (16). This results in optimal interlocking at a boundary (21) between the conductor rail (11) and mediator layer (16), whereby the excellent adhesion of the mediator layer (16) is created.

Description

Beschreibung description

BAUTEIL ZUR FÜHRUNG EINES ELEKTRISCHEN STROMES ZWISCHEN AL-LEGIERUNGSMATERIAL UND CU-LEGIERUNGSKONTAKTSTUCK ; VERFAHREN ZUR DESSEN HERSTELLUNGCOMPONENT FOR LEADING AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT BETWEEN AL ALLOYING MATERIAL AND CU-ALLOY CONTACT TUCK; METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauteil zur Führung eines elektrischen Stromes aus Al oder einer Al enthaltenden Legierung, aufweisend mindestens ein Kontaktstück aus Cu, oder einer Cu- Basislegierung, wobei dieses Kontaktstück stoffschlüssig mit dem Bauteil verbunden ist. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen einem Bauteil zur Führung eines elektrischen Stromes aus Al oder einer Al enthaltenden Legierung und einem Kontaktstück aus Cu oder einer Cu-Basislegierung.The invention relates to a component for guiding an electric current of Al or an Al-containing alloy, comprising at least one contact piece of Cu, or a Cu-base alloy, said contact piece is materially connected to the component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a material connection between a component for guiding an electric current of Al or an Al-containing alloy and a contact piece made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy.

Ein Bauteil der eingangs angegebenen Art in Form einer Stromschiene ist beispielsweise gemäß der US 6,109,983 bekannt. Diese Stromschiene ist beispielsweise an ihrem Ende mit einem Kontaktstück versehen. Während die Stromschiene aus Al gefer- tigt ist, besteht das Kontaktstück aus Cu. Das Kontaktstück ist klammerartig ausgebildet und kann daher mittels eines ge¬ eigneten Werkzeuges über das Ende der Stromschiene geschoben werden. Die inneren Schenkel des Kontaktstückes sind mit ei¬ ner Silberbeschichtung versehen und können in einem auf die Montage folgenden Fertigungsschritt mit der Stromschiene ver¬ schweißt werden. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine stoffschlüssi¬ ge Verbindung, so dass ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen stoffschlüssigen Verbindung der eingangs erwähnten Art ebenfalls in der US 6,109,983 beschrieben ist.A component of the type specified in the form of a busbar is known, for example, according to US 6,109,983. This busbar is provided for example at its end with a contact piece. While the busbar is made of Al, the contact piece is made of Cu. The contact piece is designed like a clamp and can therefore be pushed by means of a ge ¬ suitable tool through the end of the busbar. The inner leg of the contact piece are provided with egg ¬ ner silver coating and can be used in a following mounting to the production step to the busbar ver ¬ welded. In this way, a material- locking connection is formed, so that a method for producing such a material connection of the type mentioned above is likewise described in US Pat. No. 6,109,983.

Die Aufgabe besteht darin, ein Bauteil zur Führung eines elektrischen Stromes wie z. B. eine Stromschiene und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung anzugeben, bei dem mit vergleichsweise kostengünstigen Materialien eine vergleichsweise zuverlässige Funktionsweise des Bauteils hinsichtlich der Stromführung zwischen dem Bauteil und dessen Kontaktstücken gewährleistet ist.The object is to provide a component for guiding an electric current such. Example, to provide a busbar and a method for its production, in which with comparatively inexpensive materials a comparatively Reliable functioning of the component is ensured with respect to the current conduction between the component and its contact pieces.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem eingangs angegebenen Bauteil er¬ findungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, das die Stoffschlüssige Verbin¬ dung aus einer Hartlötverbindung besteht, wobei die Hartlötverbindung jeweils zwischen dem Kontaktstück und einer Vermittlerschicht auf dem Bauteil ausgebildet ist. Der erfin- dungsgemäße Aufbau des Bauteils hat den Vorteil, dass für das Material des Bauteils ein verhältnismäßig kostengünstiges Me¬ tall, insbesondere Al ausgewählt werden kann. Normalerweise ist dieses Metall für eine zuverlässige Kontaktierung mit an¬ deren stromführenden Bauteilen jedoch nicht geeignet, obwohl dessen Stromtragfähigkeit für die Leitung des Stroms inner¬ halb des Bauteils ausreicht. Die Kontaktbereiche des Bauteils werden jedoch hinsichtlich ihrer Druckstabilität mechanisch zu stark belastet, so dass in diesem Bereich auf eine Verwendung von Cu oder Cu-Basislegierungen nicht verzichtet werden kann.This object is achieved by the initially mentioned component ¬ he inventively characterized that there is a cohesive Verbin ¬ dung from a braze joint wherein the braze joint is formed in each case between the contact piece and a promoter layer on the component. The inventions dung proper construction of the component has the advantage that, in particular, Al can be selected for the material of the component, a relatively inexpensive Me ¬ tall. Normally, however, this metal is not suitable for reliable contacting with other current-carrying components, although its current-carrying capacity is sufficient for conducting the current within the component. However, the contact areas of the component are mechanically stressed too much in terms of their pressure stability, so that in this area can not be dispensed with a use of Cu or Cu base alloys.

Das Problem, das normalerweise bei der mechanischen Verbindung von Cu oder Cu-Basislegierungen mit Metallen wie Al entsteht, wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch umgangen, dass auf dem Bauteil eine geeignete Vermittlerschicht für eine Hartlötver¬ bindung vorgesehen wird. Die Vermittlerschicht kann mit einer für den Anwendungsfall ausreichenden Haftung auf dem Bauteil aufgebracht werden. Anschließend wird das Kontaktstück mit der Vermittlerschicht verlötet, die hierzu die erforderlichen Anforderungen mitbringt. Die zur Auswahl stehenden Werkstoff- Paarungen, bestehend aus dem Material der Vermittlerschicht, dem Lotwerkstoff und dem Kontaktstück, sind allgemein bekannt und können in Abhängigkeit des Anwendungsfalls ausgewählt werden . Als Al enthaltende Legierungen im Sinne der Erfindung sind solche Legierungen zu verstehen, die Al als einen Hauptlegierungsbestandteil von mehr als 10 Gew-% enthalten. Selbstver- ständlich können außerdem auf den Bauteil auch mehrere Kontaktstücke verlötet werden. Üblich sind mindestens zwei Kon¬ taktstücke, so dass der Strom an einer Stelle des Bauteils eingeleitet und an einer anderen Stelle des Bauteils wieder abgenommen werden kann (Stromschienen sind zumeist zumindest an ihren Enden mit Kontaktstücken versehen) .The problem which normally arises in the mechanical connection of Cu or Cu-based alloys with metals such as Al is, according to the invention circumvented by an appropriate promoter layer for a Hartlötver ¬ binding is provided on the component. The intermediate layer can be applied to the component with sufficient adhesion for the application. Subsequently, the contact piece is soldered to the intermediary layer, which brings the necessary requirements for this purpose. The material pairings available for selection, consisting of the material of the intermediate layer, the brazing material and the contact piece, are generally known and can be selected depending on the application. For the purposes of the invention, Al-containing alloys are to be understood as meaning those alloys which contain Al as a main alloying constituent of more than 10% by weight. Of course, more than one contact piece can also be soldered to the component. Usually at least two Kon ¬ clock pieces, so that the current can be initiated at a location of the component and removed again at another point of the component (busbars are generally at least at their ends provided with contact pieces).

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Vermittlerschicht aus Cu oder einer Cu-Basislegierung besteht. Hierbei ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass die zu verlö- tenden Partner (Kontaktstück und Bauteil) zumindest weitge¬ hend gleichartige Metalle als Oberfläche zur Verlötung zur Verfügung stellen. Eine Verlötung mittels Hartlöten ist daher besonders unproblematisch. Hierbei können beispielsweise Hartlote auf Ag- oder Cu-Basis gemäß der Norm DIN EN 1044 zum Einsatz kommen. Als Hartlote im Sinne der Erfindung sind Lot¬ werkstoffe zu verstehen, die Schmelztemperaturen oberhalb von ca. 4500C aufweisen.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the mediator layer consists of Cu or a Cu-based alloy. It is particularly advantageous that the verlö- to Tenden partner (contact piece and component) provide at least weitge ¬ starting similar metals as a surface for soldering available. Soldering by brazing is therefore particularly unproblematic. In this case, for example, brazing alloys based on Ag or Cu in accordance with the standard DIN EN 1044 can be used. When brazing materials for the purposes of the invention, Lot ¬ materials are to be understood which have melting temperatures above about 450 0 C.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgese- hen, dass das Gefüge der Vermittlerschicht mit dem Gefüge des Bauteils verkrallt ist. Hierdurch ist eine besonders zuver¬ lässige Haftung der Vermittlerschicht auf dem Bauteil zu er¬ reichen. Außerdem kann, wenn das Bauteil wie im Falle von Al als Material mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Passivschicht überzogen ist, durch Zerstörung derselben eine Verringerung des elektrischen Übergangswiderstandes erreicht werden. Zu den Herstellungsmöglichkeiten einer mit dem Gefüge des Bauteils verkrallten Vermittlerschicht wird im Weiteren unten noch eingegangen. Vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn das Kontaktstück in eine Vertiefung des Bauteils eingepasst ist. Zum einen wird hierdurch die Zuverlässigkeit der Lötverbindung durch eine Vergrößerung der für die Lötverbindung zur Verfügung stehenden Oberfläche vergrößert. Außerdem hilft die Vertiefung dabei, das Kontaktstück maßgenau mit dem Bauteil zu verbinden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the structure of the mediator layer is clawed to the structure of the component. In this way is a particularly rich reli ¬ permeable liability of intermediaries coating on the component to it ¬. In addition, when the component is coated with an electrically insulating passivation layer as in the case of Al as a material, by reducing the same, a reduction in the electrical contact resistance can be achieved. The possibilities of production of a mediator layer entangled with the structure of the component will be discussed below. It is also advantageous if the contact piece is fitted in a recess of the component. On the one hand, this increases the reliability of the solder joint by increasing the surface area available for the solder joint. In addition, the depression helps to accurately connect the contact piece with the component.

Eine Lösung der Aufgabe wird weiterhin mit dem oben angegebe- nen Verfahren dadurch erreicht, dass das Bauteil im Bereich der herzustellenden stoffschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer Vermittlerschicht beschichtet wird und dann zwischen dem Kon¬ taktstück und der Vermittlerschicht eine Hartlötverbindung erzeugt wird. Dies ist nur durch den erfindungsgemäßen Ein- satz der Vermittlerschicht ohne Probleme möglich, da die Ver¬ mittlerschicht einerseits gut auf dem Bauteil haftet und an¬ dererseits eine zum Hartlöten geeignete Oberfläche zur Verfü¬ gung stellt. Insbesondere kann daher für das Bauteil Al oder eine Al enthaltende Legierung zum Einsatz kommen, die zu ge- ringeren Materialkosten bei der Herstellung des Bauteils führt.A solution of the object is also achieved with the above-angegebe- NEN method characterized in that the component to be produced in the region of material-locking connection with a promoter layer is coated and then a braze joint is created between the piece and the Kon ¬ clock promoter layer. This is only possible through the inventive single set of promoter layer without problems, as the United ¬ mid layer one hand, adheres well to the component and to ¬ the other hand, provides a suitable surface for brazing Availability checked ¬ supply. In particular, it is therefore possible for the component to use Al or an Al-containing alloy, which leads to lower material costs in the production of the component.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die Vermittlerschicht mit ei- ner Hartlotschicht beschichtet wird und letztere bei der Er¬ zeugung der Hartlötverbindung aufgeschmolzen wird. Vorteilhaft kann durch Beschichtung der Vermittlerschicht mit einem Hartlot eine genaue Dosierung an Material erfolgen. Dies ist außerdem vorteilhaft mit geringen Fertigungskosten realisier- bar, da ohnehin ein Beschichtungsverfahren für die Vermittlerschicht vorgesehen werden muss. Dieses Beschichtungsver- fahren kann ebenfalls für die Erzeugung einer Hartlotschicht auf der Vermittlerschicht verwendet werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Beschichten der Vermittlerschicht und/oder der Hartlotschicht durch Kaltgasspritzen erfolgt. Dieses Verfahren zeichnet sich vorteilhaft dadurch aus, dass Partikel des Beschichtungswerkstoffes mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche beschleunigt werden. Die Haftung der Beschichtungspartikel auf der Oberfläche kommt durch deren kinetische Energie zustande, wobei dieser Prozess durch einen Eintrag an thermischer Energie in die Partikel unterstützt werden kann. In je- dem Fall wird jedoch ein Aufschmelzen der Partikel zum Zwecke ihrer Abscheidung auf der Oberfläche vermieden.According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention is further provided that the intermediary layer is coated with a hard solder layer and the latter in the He ¬ generation of the braze is melted. Advantageously, a precise metering of material can take place by coating the mediator layer with a brazing filler metal. This is also advantageously feasible with low production costs, since a coating process for the mediator layer has to be provided anyway. This coating process can also be used to create a braze layer on the mediator layer. It is particularly advantageous if the coating of the mediator layer and / or the brazing layer is carried out by cold gas spraying. This method is advantageously characterized in that particles of the coating material are accelerated at supersonic speed to the surface to be coated. The adhesion of the coating particles on the surface is due to their kinetic energy, this process can be supported by an entry of thermal energy into the particles. In any case, however, melting of the particles for the purpose of their deposition on the surface is avoided.

Die hohe kinetische Energie der Beschichtungspartikel hat zu¬ sätzlich den Vorteil, dass eine vergleichsweise gute Haftung der Vermittlerschicht auf dem Bauteil erreicht werden kann. Die kinetische Energie der Partikel wird insbesondere dahin¬ gehend genutzt, dass die Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Bauteils verformt wird, wodurch ein Verkrallen der Gefüge der Vermittlerschicht und des Bauteils erreicht werden kann. Eine derart aufgebrachte Vermittlerschicht weist vorteilhaft eine sehr gute Haftung auf.The high kinetic energy of coating particles must ¬ additionally the advantage that a comparatively good adhesion promoting layer can be achieved on the component. The kinetic energy of the particles is then used in particular ¬ a way that the surface of the component to be coated is deformed, whereby a clawing of the structure of the intermediary layer and the component can be achieved. Such an applied intermediate layer advantageously has a very good adhesion.

Vorteilhaft kann das Kaltgasspritzen außerdem dazu benutzt werden, vor dem Beschichten die Oberfläche des Bauteils zu- mindest im zu beschichtenden Bereich zu reinigen. Hierbei wird der kinetische Energieeintrag in den Kaltgasstrahl soweit verringert, dass die Beschichtungspartikel nicht auf der Oberfläche des Bauteils haften bleiben, jedoch diese Oberfläche angreifen. Der Effekt ist mit dem des Sandstrahlens zu vergleichen, insbesondere kann die Passivierungsschicht aus Aluminiumoxid auf dem Bauteil entfernt werden. Hierdurch lässt sich vorteilhaft der Übergangswiderstand zwischen dem Bauteil und der Vermittlerschicht verringern. Vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn vor dem Beschichten mit der Vermittlerschicht in das Bauteil eine Vertiefung eingebracht wird, in die das Kontaktstück vor dem Erzeugen der Hartlötverbindung eingepasst wird. Die hiermit verbundenen Vorteile sind bereits erläutert worden. Das toleranzarme Verbinden zwischen dem Kontaktstück und dem Bauteil wird hierdurch erleichtert und die zur Verfügung stehende Grenzfläche für eine sichere Halterung des Kontaktstückes sowie eine Übertragung des Stroms vergrößert.Advantageously, the cold gas spraying can also be used to clean the surface of the component at least in the area to be coated before coating. Here, the kinetic energy input into the cold gas jet is reduced so much that the coating particles do not adhere to the surface of the component, but attack this surface. The effect is comparable to that of sandblasting, in particular the passivation layer of aluminum oxide on the component can be removed. This advantageously reduces the contact resistance between the component and the mediator layer. It is also advantageous if, prior to coating with the mediator layer, a depression is made in the component, into which the contact piece is fitted before generating the brazed joint. The associated advantages have already been explained. The low-tolerance connection between the contact piece and the component is thereby facilitated and increases the available interface for a secure mounting of the contact piece and a transmission of the current.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Gleiche oder sich entsprechende Bauteile sind hierbei jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und werden nur insoweit mehrfach erläutert, wie sich Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Figuren ergeben. Es zeigen dieFurther details of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawing. The same or corresponding components are in each case provided with the same reference numerals and will only be explained several times, as differences arise between the individual figures. It show the

Figuren 1 bis 3 verschiedene Stadien eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils unter Anwendung verschiedener Verfahrensschritte eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens .Figures 1 to 3 different stages of an embodiment of the component according to the invention using various process steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Ein Bauteil 11 gemäß Figur 1 in Form einer Stromschiene ist beispielsweise durch Fräsen mit einer Vertiefung 12 versehen worden. Diese verläuft ringförmig in der Oberseite 13 des Bauteils. Das Bauteil ist aus einer AI-Legierung gefertigt. In Figur 1 ist der Verfahrensschritt zu erkennen, dass mit einem Kaltgasstrahl 14, der mit einer nicht dargestellten Kaltgas-Spritzvorrichtung erzeugt wird, eine Vorbehandlung des Nutgrundes 15 der Vertiefung 12 vorgenommen wird. Hierbei wird ein nicht näher dargestelltes Aluminiumoxid (Passivie- rungsschicht) von der Oberfläche des Bauteils 11 entfernt. Die Partikel in dem Kaltgasstrahl 14 bleiben jedoch nicht haften, sondern werden an der Oberfläche abgelenkt.A component 11 according to FIG. 1 in the form of a busbar has been provided, for example by milling, with a depression 12. This extends annularly in the top 13 of the component. The component is made of an Al alloy. FIG. 1 shows the method step that pretreatment of the groove bottom 15 of the recess 12 is performed with a cold gas jet 14 which is produced with a cold gas injection device (not shown). In this case, an aluminum oxide (passivation layer) not shown in more detail is removed from the surface of the component 11. However, the particles in the cold gas jet 14 do not adhere but are deflected at the surface.

In Figur 2 ist ein Verfahrensschritt dargestellt, bei dem durch den Kaltgasstrahl 14 in der Vertiefung 12 eine Schichtfolge produziert wird. Zunächst wurde (nicht dargestellt) ei¬ ne Vermittlerschicht 16 auf dem Nutgrund 15 erzeugt. In einem nachfolgenden Schritt, der in Figur 2 dargestellt ist, wird auf der Vermittlerschicht 16 eine Lotschicht 17 eines silber- oder kupferbasierten Hartlotes aufgebracht. Bei dem Verfahrensschritt gemäß Figur 2 wurde der Energieeintrag in den Kaltgasstrahl 14 vergrößert, so dass die in dem Kaltgasstrahl transportierten Partikel auf der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche haften bleiben.FIG. 2 shows a method step in which a layer sequence is produced by the cold gas jet 14 in the depression 12. First ei ¬ ne intermediary layer (not shown) formed on the bottom of the groove 15 16th In a subsequent step, which is illustrated in FIG. 2, a solder layer 17 of a silver-based or copper-based brazing alloy is applied to the intermediate layer 16. In the method step according to FIG. 2, the energy input into the cold gas jet 14 has been increased so that the particles transported in the cold gas jet remain on the surface to be coated.

In Figur 3 ist das fertige Bauteil 11 zu erkennen, welches über eine Lötverbindung 18 mit dem Kontaktstück 19 verbunden ist. Die Lötverbindung ist durch Aufschmelzen der in dem Fertigungsschritt gemäß Figur 2 erzeugten Lotschicht 17 herge- stellt worden. Das als Stromschiene ausgebildete Bauteil 11 kann nun über das Kontaktstück 19 mit einem anderen stromführenden Bauteil verbunden werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine Bohrung 20 vorgesehen, mit deren Hilfe eine Schraubverbindung mit dem nicht dargestellten Partnerbauteil der Stromschiene hergestellt werden kann. Diese Schraubverbindung sorgt für einen erforderlichen Anpressdruck des Kontaktstückes auf dem benachbarten Bauteil, um den erforderlichen Anpressdruck zur Übertragung des Stromes zu gewährleisten. Hierbei weist das Kontaktstück 19 eine genügende Druckfestigkeit zur Herstel- lung dieser Schraubverbindung auf. Das Bauteil 11 selbst weist Materialeigenschaften auf, die diesen Anforderungen nicht genügen würden. Der Ausschnittvergrößerung in Figur 3 lässt sich weiterhin entnehmen, dass eine Grenzfläche 21 zwischen dem Material des Bauteils 11 und der Vermittlerschicht 16 dadurch vergrößert ist, dass das Gefüge der Vermittlerschicht mit dem Gefüge des Bauteils 11 verkrallt ist. Dies lässt sich verfahrensbedingt durch Herstellung mittels des Kaltgasspritzens erreichen, indem die Oberfläche des Bauteils 11 durch den auftreffenden Kaltgasstrahl bzw. die darin enthaltenen Partikel plastisch stark verformt wird. Durch die Verzahnung der Grenzfläche 21 wird einerseits die Haftung der Vermittlerschicht verbessert, andererseits vergrößert sich die Übertragbarkeit des Stromes.In Figure 3, the finished component 11 can be seen, which is connected via a solder joint 18 with the contact piece 19. The solder connection has been produced by melting the solder layer 17 produced in the production step according to FIG. Trained as a busbar component 11 can now be connected via the contact piece 19 with another current-carrying component. For this purpose, a bore 20 is provided, by means of which a screw connection with the partner component, not shown, of the busbar can be produced. This screw provides a required contact pressure of the contact piece on the adjacent component in order to ensure the required contact pressure for the transmission of the current. In this case, the contact piece 19 has a sufficient compressive strength for the production of this screw connection. The component 11 itself has material properties that would not meet these requirements. The detail enlargement in FIG. 3 can be further deduced that an interface 21 between the material of the component 11 and the mediator layer 16 is increased by the fact that the structure of the mediator layer is clawed to the structure of the component 11. Due to the method, this can be achieved by production by means of cold gas spraying, in that the surface of the component 11 is plastically strongly deformed by the incident cold gas jet or the particles contained therein. By the interlocking of the interface 21 on the one hand the adhesion of the mediator layer is improved, on the other hand increases the portability of the stream.

Alternativ zur Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 3 kann statt der Nut 12 auch ein runder Durchgang durch die Stromschiene ( Bauteil 11) vorgesehen werden, dessen Wandung durch eine strichpunktierte Linie 25 angedeutet ist. Diese Wandung kann in nicht dargestellter Weise in der oben beschriebenen Art mit einer Vermittlerschicht und optional auch mit einer Lotschicht ver¬ sehen werden. Anschließend wird in die Öffnung ein zylindri- sches Kontaktstück eingepasst und verlötet. Letzteres kann auch eine Bohrung zur Vereinfachung der Montage aufweisen. Alternatively to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, instead of the groove 12, a round passage through the busbar (component 11) may also be provided, the wall of which is indicated by a dot-dash line 25. This wall can be seen in a manner not shown in the manner described above with a mediator layer and optionally also with a solder layer ver ¬ . Subsequently, a cylindrical contact piece is fitted into the opening and soldered. The latter may also have a bore for ease of assembly.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Bauteil (11) zur Führung eines elektrischen Stromes aus Al oder einer Al enthaltenden Legierung, aufweisend mindestens ein Kontaktstück (19) aus Cu oder einer Cu-Basislegierung, wobei dieses Kontaktstück (19) Stoffschlüssig mit dem Bauteil (11) verbunden ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Stoffschlüssige Verbindung aus einer Hartlötverbin- düng (18) besteht, wobei die Hartlötverbindung (18) jeweils zwischen dem Kontaktstück (19) und einer Vermittlerschicht (16) auf dem Bauteil (11) ausgebildet ist.1. component (11) for guiding an electric current made of Al or an Al-containing alloy, comprising at least one contact piece (19) made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy, this contact piece (19) being materially connected to the component (11), characterized in that the cohesive connection consists of a Hartlötverbin- düng (18), wherein the brazed joint (18) in each case between the contact piece (19) and an intermediate layer (16) on the component (11) is formed. 2. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Vermittlerschicht (16) aus Cu oder einer Cu- Basislegierung besteht.2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the mediator layer (16) consists of Cu or a Cu base alloy. 3. Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass das Gefüge der Vermittlerschicht (16) mit dem Gefüge des Bauteils (11) verkrallt ist.3. Component according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the structure of the mediator layer (16) with the structure of the component (11) is clenched. 4. Bauteil nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass das Kontaktstück (19) in eine Vertiefung (12) des Bauteils eingepasst ist.4. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact piece (19) in a recess (12) of the component is fitted. 5. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen einem Bauteil zur Führung eines elektrischen Stromes aus Al oder einer Al enthaltenden Legierung und einem Kontaktstück (19) aus Cu oder einer Cu-Basislegierung, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass • das Bauteil im Bereich der herzustellenden Stoffschlüssigen Verbindung mit einer Vermittlerschicht (16) beschichtet wird,5. A method for producing a material connection between a component for guiding an electric current of Al or an Al-containing alloy and a contact piece (19) made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy, characterized in that The component is coated with a mediator layer (16) in the area of the cohesive connection to be produced, • zwischen dem Kontaktstück (19) und der Vermittlerschicht (16) eine Hartlötverbindung (18) erzeugt wird.• between the contact piece (19) and the mediator layer (16) a braze joint (18) is generated. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Vermittlerschicht (16) mit einer Hartlotschicht (17) beschichtet wird, und letztere bei der Erzeugung der Hartlöt¬ verbindung (18) aufgeschmolzen wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mediator layer (16) with a brazing layer (17) is coated, and the latter is melted in the production of the braze ¬ connection (18). 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass das Beschichten der Vermittlerschicht (16) und/oder der Hartlotschicht (18) durch ein Kaltgasspritzen erfolgt.7. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein a coating of the mediator layer (16) and / or the brazing layer (18) by cold gas spraying is carried out. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass vor dem Beschichten mit der Vermittlerschicht (16) mit dem Kaltgasspritzen ein Reinigen der Oberfläche des Bauteils (11) im zu beschichtenden Bereich vorgenommen wird.8. The method of claim 7, wherein before coating with the mediator layer with cold gas spraying, cleaning of the surface of the component in the area to be coated is carried out. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass vor dem Beschichten mit der Vermittlerschicht (16) in das Bauteil (11) eine Vertiefung (12) eingebracht wird, in die das Kontaktstück (19) vor dem Erzeugen der Hartlötverbindung (18) eingepasst wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that prior to coating with the mediator layer (16) in the component (11) has a recess (12) is introduced into which the contact piece (19) before generating the brazing ( 18) is fitted.
PCT/EP2010/055063 2009-04-30 2010-04-16 COMPONENT FOR GUIDING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT SUCH BETWEEN AN Al ALLOY MATERIAL AND A Cu ALLOY CONTACT PIECE; METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF Ceased WO2010124948A1 (en)

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