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WO2010124315A1 - Control method for illumination - Google Patents

Control method for illumination Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010124315A1
WO2010124315A1 PCT/AT2010/000141 AT2010000141W WO2010124315A1 WO 2010124315 A1 WO2010124315 A1 WO 2010124315A1 AT 2010000141 W AT2010000141 W AT 2010000141W WO 2010124315 A1 WO2010124315 A1 WO 2010124315A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lights
led
information
detected
lighting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT2010/000141
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tridonic GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
Priority to DE112010001831.6T priority Critical patent/DE112010001831B4/en
Publication of WO2010124315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010124315A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
    • H05B47/13—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings by using passive infrared detectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control method for a lighting according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a lighting system according to the preamble of patent claim 10.
  • Such lighting systems are used to achieve an efficient and areal lighting of roads, paths or escape routes.
  • the bulbs are driven by operating devices and activated as needed.
  • organic or inorganic light-emitting diodes have also been used as the light source for such lighting.
  • light-emitting diodes are also increasingly being used as the light source.
  • the efficiency and luminous efficacy of light-emitting diodes is being increased more and more so that they are already being used in various general lighting applications.
  • light emitting diodes are point sources of light and emit highly concentrated light.
  • a brightness change and data communication is often possible only with a complex control circuit, with control lines or at least one antenna must be present to send control commands via the control lines or via radio.
  • the solution according to the invention relates to a control method for lighting, wherein a plurality of luminaires with LED in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, wherein the communication is done directly on the emitted light of the LED, wherein at least a part of the lights via a presence sensor, a presence of a person or a Vehicle can detect and the lamp that has detected such a presence, the neighboring
  • Lights are transmitted via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED information about the detected presence.
  • the solution according to the invention also relates to lighting system, wherein a plurality of lights with LED in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, and the communication is done directly on the emitted light of the LED, at least a part of the lights has a presence sensor to a presence of a person or a Vehicle to detect the luminaire, which has detected such presence, the neighboring lights via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED information about the detected presence transmitted.
  • the lighting system may be, for example, a street lighting system.
  • the lights may be street lights, or sidewalk markers or curb markers (marker lights embedded in the ground).
  • the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED can be done by a high-frequency modulation of the light.
  • the LED can be operated pulsed, which can be encrypted via the choice of the pulse train, the information to be transmitted. It can therefore be done via the modulated light digital data transmission.
  • the lights can be adjusted in their brightness, with the
  • At least one switching regulator circuit is present in the luminaire, which can regulate or at least control the supply of energy to the LED.
  • the lights may have an integrated control unit, which can set the brightness of the LED and at least a part of the LED can control such that via the emitted light of the LED, a transmission of information and thus a communication can take place.
  • the integrated control unit activates the actively clocked switches of the switching regulator circuit.
  • At least some of the lights may have a presence sensor and detect a presence of a person or a vehicle over it. The luminaire which has detected such presence can transmit information about the detected presence to the adjacent luminaires via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED.
  • the lights that have received the transmitted information about the detected presence can forward this received information about the detected presence to other lights.
  • the lights which have received the transmitted information about the detected presence change their brightness according to the transmitted information.
  • the lights at least temporarily increase their brightness when determining a
  • Presence and / or receiving information about the detected presence Presence and / or receiving information about the detected presence.
  • the lights can be the transmitted information about the detected presence caching, that is, in the lights
  • Storage means are provided which enable at least temporary storage of the received information about the detected presence.
  • the storage means may be both nonvolatile and volatile. If a non-volatile memory is present, for example, the entire history of detected presences and also of received information can be stored and read out at a later time or even evaluated.
  • the storage means can be read out regularly and an evaluation of the recorded presences or the frequency of presences can be carried out on the basis of the stored data. It may also be such an evaluation based on the stored data within the lamp itself (for example, by an integrated control unit) regularly be evaluated. On the basis of this evaluation in the luminaire, for example, it is possible to react to the frequency of presences.
  • the basic luminance of the luminaires may be increased or the lag time extended upon detecting a presence and increasing the brightness.
  • the lights can change their brightness based on the sequence of transmitted information about the detected presence and also adjust the later behavior with regard to the change in their brightness. For example, the basic brightness of the luminaires can be increased if information about the detected presence was repeatedly transmitted and received in quick succession.
  • Under basic brightness can be understood as a resting value for the lighting. It may be that, for safety reasons, for example, the lighting should never be switched off completely, but should only be kept to a low basic value, even if no person is present.
  • the delay time describes the period during which the luminaire will maintain the increased brightness after detection of presence, before lowering the brightness again or switching off the light completely.
  • the brightness is preferably lowered stepwise, in particular via a slowly running ramp, so that a uniform brightness change is achieved. In this case, a reduction to the basic brightness can take place even after expiration of the follow-up time.
  • the lights can change their brightness based on the detected presence of a person or a vehicle and also adjust the later behavior with respect to the change in their brightness. The luminaires can thus increase their brightness, if over the
  • Presence sensor presence was detected.
  • the lights can increase their brightness when information * about a detected brightness is received.
  • the lights can also increase their brightness based on the information transmitted and the detected presence of a person or a vehicle, if the information about the detected presence to expect a proximity of a person or a vehicle. After a predetermined period of time, the brightness can be lowered again, in particular if it can be assumed that no person or vehicle is present anymore.
  • each light may relay that received information, and in addition, meter information may be transmitted.
  • counter information may be a number which is increased by one by each luminaire having received the detected presence information before being forwarded as counter information together with the detected presence information.
  • the counter information can thus as
  • the lights can also detect the distance at which the presence was detected.
  • the brightness value of the respective luminaire which increases its brightness upon receiving information about the detected presence, can be lowered in comparison with the previous luminaires.
  • other information about the communication can be transmitted directly via the emitted light of the LED.
  • the spatial arrangement of the luminaires within the illumination system can be known to the individual luminaires or their integrated control units.
  • information about the speed with which a movement of a person or a vehicle takes place can be transmitted.
  • each luminaire, which itself has a presence sensor can for one thing detect the presence itself, and it can receive the information about the detected presence transmitted by other luminaires. It can now, for example, draw a conclusion on the speed of the detected movement from the comparison of the time interval between the receipt of the information about the detected presence of another luminaire and the detection of the presence via the own presence sensor.
  • information about the location of the luminaires, which have already detected their presence via their presence sensor can even be transmitted in addition to the information about the detected presence.
  • a spatial evaluation can also be made about the direction of the detected movement (i.e., the direction of change of the presence).
  • the spatial evaluation via the direction of the detected movement, further luminaires can now also be purposefully informed about the expected further movement, and adaptively the brightness for the luminaires can be increased, where a presence or movement is expected.
  • the information can be provided by means of a high-frequency modulation of the light, so that the change in the light is not perceptible to the human eye.
  • the communication takes place directly via the emitted light of the LED.
  • At least some of the lights have a presence sensor to detect the presence of a person or a vehicle.
  • the luminaire which has detected such a presence, transmits information about the detected presence to the neighboring luminaires via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED.
  • the lights may each contain a plurality of LEDs, wherein at least a part of the LED radiates in the direction of the surface to be illuminated, and at least one LED is arranged so that it radiates in the direction of an adjacent light.
  • the lights may each include a receiving means which may receive the from a LED of a neighboring light.
  • Receiving means may be formed by a brightness sensor such as a photodiode or a CCD sensor.
  • the lights may have an integrated control unit, which the receiving means monitored and thus receive the light emitted by the information of the other lights and evaluate.
  • the receiving means can be formed by an operating in reverse mode LED.
  • This LED which is operated in reverse mode, can only be operated in reverse operation for a brief moment and can be operated as an LED in forward operation (ie for light emission) for the remainder of the time.
  • Reception circuit may be part of the integrated control unit of the lamp or be available as an additional circuit, which is monitored and evaluated by the integrated control unit of the lamp.
  • the presence sensor may be formed to detect a presence of a person or a vehicle by a motion sensor, preferably by a passive infrared sensor.
  • the presence sensor can also be formed by another type of sensor, such as a radar sensor or a camera with motion detection.
  • the lights may additionally include other sensors such as brightness sensors for detecting the ambient brightness.
  • the detected signals of these sensors can be evaluated by the lights (in particular their integrated control units) and transmitted as additional information about the light to the other lights.
  • the lights are not connected via a wired or radio-based bus system, but it is possible that an additional interface is present in the lights, for example, to read data or for a slow data transmission.
  • the lighting system may additionally have control panels which are either integrated in some of the luminaires or at least can control the LEDs for individual luminaires.
  • the control panels can transmit additional information about the light to the lights of the lighting system. These can be, for example, generally valid brightness commands or also system information (such as, for example, time information or a call for scenes or flowcharts already set in the lights).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a control method for illumination, wherein a plurality of luminaires having LEDs can communicate with each other in a common illumination system, the communication taking place directly by way of the emitted light of the LEDs, characterized in that at least part of the luminaires can detect the presence of a person or a vehicle by way of a presence detection sensor, and the luminaire which has detected such a presence directly transmits information about the detected presence to the adjacent luminaires using the communication by way of the emitted light of the LEDs.

Description

Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung Control method for lighting

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Beleuchtungssystem gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 10.The invention relates to a control method for a lighting according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a lighting system according to the preamble of patent claim 10.

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Derartige Beleuchtungssysteme werden verwendet, um eine effiziente und flächige Beleuchtung von Strassen, Wegen oder auch Fluchtwegen zu erreichen. Üblicherweise werden dabei die Leuchtmittel von Betriebsgeräten angesteuert und bei Bedarf aktiviert. Für eine derartige Beleuchtung werden neuerdings auch organische oder anorganische Leuchtdioden (LED) als Lichtquelle genutzt.Such lighting systems are used to achieve an efficient and areal lighting of roads, paths or escape routes. Usually, the bulbs are driven by operating devices and activated as needed. Recently, organic or inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have also been used as the light source for such lighting.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zur Beleuchtung werden anstelle von Gasentladungslampen und Glühlampen immer häufiger auch Leuchtdioden als Lichtquelle eingesetzt. Die Effizienz und Lichtausbeute von Leuchtdioden wird immer stärker erhöht, so dass sie bei verschiedenen Anwendungen der Allgemeinbeleuchtung bereits zum Einsatz kommen. Allerdings sind Leuchtdioden Punktlichtquellen und strahlen stark gebündeltes Licht aus.For lighting, instead of gas discharge lamps and incandescent lamps, light-emitting diodes are also increasingly being used as the light source. The efficiency and luminous efficacy of light-emitting diodes is being increased more and more so that they are already being used in various general lighting applications. However, light emitting diodes are point sources of light and emit highly concentrated light.

Heutige Beleuchtungssysteme haben oft jedoch den Nachteil, dass sie nicht flexibel genug auf Bewegungen von Personen oder auch Fahrzeugen reagieren können. Zudem wird die Energieeffizienz immer wichtiger.However, today's lighting systems often have the disadvantage that they can not react flexibly enough to movements of people or even vehicles. In addition, energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important.

Eine Helligkeitsänderung und eine Datenkommunikation ist oft nur mit einer aufwändigen Steuerungsschaltung möglich, wobei Steuerleitungen oder zumindest eine Antenne vorhanden sein müssen, um Steuerbefehle über die Steuerleitungen oder über Funk zu senden. Darstellung der ErfindungA brightness change and data communication is often possible only with a complex control circuit, with control lines or at least one antenna must be present to send control commands via the control lines or via radio. Presentation of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird für ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 10 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved according to the invention for a generic method by the characterizing features of claim 1 and a generic device according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 10. Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung betrifft ein Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, wobei mehrere Leuchten mit LED in einem gemeinsamen Beleuchtungssystem untereinander kommunizieren können, wobei die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED erfolgt, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Leuchten über einen Anwesenheitssensor eine Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges feststellen kann und die Leuchte, die eine solche Anwesenheit erkannt hat, den benachbartenThe solution according to the invention relates to a control method for lighting, wherein a plurality of luminaires with LED in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, wherein the communication is done directly on the emitted light of the LED, wherein at least a part of the lights via a presence sensor, a presence of a person or a Vehicle can detect and the lamp that has detected such a presence, the neighboring

Leuchten über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit übermittelt.Lights are transmitted via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED information about the detected presence.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung betrifft auch Beleuchtungssystem, wobei mehrere Leuchten mit LED in einem gemeinsamen Beleuchtungssystem untereinander kommunizieren können, und die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED erfolgt, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Leuchten über einen Anwesenheitssensor verfügt, um eine Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges feststellen zu können und die Leuchte, die eine solche Anwesenheit erkannt hat, den benachbarten Leuchten über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit übermittelt.The solution according to the invention also relates to lighting system, wherein a plurality of lights with LED in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, and the communication is done directly on the emitted light of the LED, at least a part of the lights has a presence sensor to a presence of a person or a Vehicle to detect the luminaire, which has detected such presence, the neighboring lights via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED information about the detected presence transmitted.

Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, eine sehr effiziente Ausleuchtung einer Fläche durch Leuchten zu erreichen, ohne dass Steuerleitungen zwischen den Leuchten erforderlich wären. Beschreibung der bevorzugten AusführungsbeispieleIn this way, it is possible to achieve a very efficient illumination of a surface by lighting, without control cables between the lights would be required. Description of the preferred embodiments

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung erklärt.The invention will be explained below.

Es wird Steuerverfahren für ein Beleuchtungssystem ermöglicht, wobei mehrere Leuchten mit LED in einem gemeinsamen Beleuchtungssystem untereinander kommunizieren können, wobei die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED erfolgt. Das Beleuchtungssystem kann beispielsweise ein Straßenbeleuchtungssystem sein. Bei den Leuchten kann es sich um Straßenlaternen oder auch um Gehwegmarkierungen oder Bordsteinmarkierungen (in den Boden eingelassene Markierungsleuchten) handeln.It is possible to control method for a lighting system, wherein a plurality of lamps with LED in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, wherein the communication takes place directly on the emitted light of the LED. The lighting system may be, for example, a street lighting system. The lights may be street lights, or sidewalk markers or curb markers (marker lights embedded in the ground).

Die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED kann durch eine hochfrequente Modulation des Lichtes erfolgen. Beispielsweise können die LED gepulst betrieben werden, wobei über die Wahl der Pulsfolge die zu übertragenden Informationen verschlüsselt werden können. Es kann also über das modulierte Licht eine digitale Datenübertragung erfolgen.The communication directly via the emitted light of the LED can be done by a high-frequency modulation of the light. For example, the LED can be operated pulsed, which can be encrypted via the choice of the pulse train, the information to be transmitted. It can therefore be done via the modulated light digital data transmission.

Die Leuchten lassen sich in ihrer Helligkeit einstellen, wobei durch denThe lights can be adjusted in their brightness, with the

Einsatz von LED als Leuchtmittel hier eine hohe Flexibilität erreicht werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist in der Leuchte zumindest eine Schaltreglerschaltung vorhanden, die die Energiezufuhr zu den LED regeln oder zumindest steuern kann.Use of LED as light source here a high flexibility can be achieved. Preferably, at least one switching regulator circuit is present in the luminaire, which can regulate or at least control the supply of energy to the LED.

Die Leuchten können eine integrierte Steuereinheit aufweisen, die die Helligkeit der LED einstellen können und zumindest einen Teil der LED derart ansteuern können, dass über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED eine Aussendung von Informationen und somit eine Kommunikation erfolgen kann. Vorzugsweise steuert die integrierte Steuereinheit die aktiv getakteten Schalter der Schaltreglerschaltung an. Zumindest ein Teil der Leuchten kann über einen Anwesenheitssensor verfügen und über diesen eine Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges feststellen. Die Leuchte, die eine solche Anwesenheit erkannt hat, kann den benachbarten Leuchten über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit übermitteln.The lights may have an integrated control unit, which can set the brightness of the LED and at least a part of the LED can control such that via the emitted light of the LED, a transmission of information and thus a communication can take place. Preferably, the integrated control unit activates the actively clocked switches of the switching regulator circuit. At least some of the lights may have a presence sensor and detect a presence of a person or a vehicle over it. The luminaire which has detected such presence can transmit information about the detected presence to the adjacent luminaires via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED.

Die Leuchten, die die übermittelte Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit empfangen haben, können diese empfangene Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit auch an andere Leuchten weiterleiten.The lights that have received the transmitted information about the detected presence can forward this received information about the detected presence to other lights.

Die Leuchten, die die übermittelte Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit empfangen haben, ändern beispielsweise ihre Helligkeit entsprechend der übermittelten Information. Vorzugsweise erhöhen die Leuchten zumindest zeitweise ihre Helligkeit beim Feststellen einerFor example, the lights which have received the transmitted information about the detected presence change their brightness according to the transmitted information. Preferably, the lights at least temporarily increase their brightness when determining a

Anwesenheit und / oder beim Empfang einer Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit.Presence and / or receiving information about the detected presence.

Die Leuchten können die übermittelte Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit Zwischenspeichern, dass heißt in den Leuchten sindThe lights can be the transmitted information about the detected presence caching, that is, in the lights

Speichermittel vorhanden, die zumindest ein zeitweises Zwischenspeichern der empfangenen Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit ermöglichen. Es kann sich bei den Speichermittel sowohl um einen nichtflüchtigen als auch über einen flüchtigen Speicher handeln. Wenn ein nichtflüchtiger Speicher vorhanden ist, kann beispielsweise die gesamte Historie an erkannten Anwesenheiten und auch an empfangenen Informationen abgespeichert werden und zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt ausgelesen oder auch ausgewertet werden. Beispielsweise können die Speichermittel regelmäßig ausgelesen werden und anhand der abgespeicherten Daten eine Auswertung über die aufgezeichneten Anwesenheiten oder auch die Häufigkeit der Anwesenheiten durchgeführt werden. Es kann auch eine solche Auswertung anhand der gespeicherten Daten innerhalb der Leuchte selbst (zum Beispiel durch eine integrierte Steuereinheit) regelmäßig ausgewertet werden. Anhand dieser Auswertung in der Leuchte kann beispielsweise auf die Häufigkeit der Anwesenheiten reagiert werden. Beispielsweise kann bei einer hohen Anzahl von Anwesenheiten in einem bestimmten Zeitraum die Grundhelligkeit der Leuchten erhöht werden oder die Nachlaufzeit bei dem Erkennen einer Anwesenheit und dem Erhöhen der Helligkeit verlängern. Es kann aber auch beispielsweise die Grundhelligkeit verringert werden, wenn sehr wenige Anwesenheiten für einen bestimmten Zeitraum festgestellt wurden.Storage means are provided which enable at least temporary storage of the received information about the detected presence. The storage means may be both nonvolatile and volatile. If a non-volatile memory is present, for example, the entire history of detected presences and also of received information can be stored and read out at a later time or even evaluated. For example, the storage means can be read out regularly and an evaluation of the recorded presences or the frequency of presences can be carried out on the basis of the stored data. It may also be such an evaluation based on the stored data within the lamp itself (for example, by an integrated control unit) regularly be evaluated. On the basis of this evaluation in the luminaire, for example, it is possible to react to the frequency of presences. For example, with a high number of presences in a given period of time, the basic luminance of the luminaires may be increased or the lag time extended upon detecting a presence and increasing the brightness. However, it is also possible, for example, to reduce the basic brightness if very few attendances have been determined for a certain period of time.

Es können aber auch nur die kurzfristig zwischengespeichertenBut it can also only cached in the short term

Informationen ausgewertet werden und die Helligkeitssteuerung der Leuchten entsprechend angepasst werden.Information is evaluated and the brightness control of the lights are adjusted accordingly.

Die Leuchten können anhand der Abfolge der übermittelten Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit ihre Helligkeit ändern und auch das spätere Verhalten hinsichtlich der Änderung ihrer Helligkeit anpassen. Beispielsweise kann die Grundhelligkeit der Leuchten erhöht werden, wenn kurzfristig hintereinander wiederholt Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit übertragen und empfangen wurden.The lights can change their brightness based on the sequence of transmitted information about the detected presence and also adjust the later behavior with regard to the change in their brightness. For example, the basic brightness of the luminaires can be increased if information about the detected presence was repeatedly transmitted and received in quick succession.

Unter Grundhelligkeit kann ein Ruhewert für die Beleuchtung verstanden werden. Es kann sein, dass beispielsweise aus Sicherheitsgründen die Beleuchtung niemals komplett abgeschaltet werden soll, sondern nur auf einen niedrigen Grundwert gehalten werden soll, auch wenn keine Person anwesend ist.Under basic brightness can be understood as a resting value for the lighting. It may be that, for safety reasons, for example, the lighting should never be switched off completely, but should only be kept to a low basic value, even if no person is present.

Die Nachlaufzeit beschreibt den Zeitraum, für den die Leuchte die erhöhte Helligkeit nach Feststellung einer Anwesenheit beibehält, bevor sie die Helligkeit wieder senkt oder das Licht komplett ausschaltet. Vorzugsweise wird dabei die Helligkeit schrittweise, insbesondere über eine langsam verlaufende Rampe, erniedrigt, damit eine gleichmäßige Helligkeitsänderung erreicht wird. Dabei kann auch nach Ablauf der Nachlaufzeit eine Absenkung auf die Grundhelligkeit erfolgen. Die Leuchten können zusätzlich anhand der festgestellten Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges ihre Helligkeit ändern und auch das spätere Verhalten hinsichtlich der Änderung ihrer Helligkeit anpassen. Die Leuchten können also ihre Helligkeit erhöhen, wenn über denThe delay time describes the period during which the luminaire will maintain the increased brightness after detection of presence, before lowering the brightness again or switching off the light completely. In this case, the brightness is preferably lowered stepwise, in particular via a slowly running ramp, so that a uniform brightness change is achieved. In this case, a reduction to the basic brightness can take place even after expiration of the follow-up time. In addition, the lights can change their brightness based on the detected presence of a person or a vehicle and also adjust the later behavior with respect to the change in their brightness. The luminaires can thus increase their brightness, if over the

Anwesenheitssensor eine Anwesenheit erkannt wurde. Genauso können die Leuchten ihre Helligkeit erhöhen, wenn eine Information* über eine erkannte Helligkeit empfangen wurde.Presence sensor presence was detected. Likewise, the lights can increase their brightness when information * about a detected brightness is received.

Die Leuchten können zusätzlich anhand der übermittelten Informationen und der festgestellten Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges ihre Helligkeit erhöhen, wenn die Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit ein Nahen einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges erwarten lassen. Nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne kann die Helligkeit wieder gesenkt werden, insbesondere wenn davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass keine Person oder Fahrzeug mehr anwesend ist.The lights can also increase their brightness based on the information transmitted and the detected presence of a person or a vehicle, if the information about the detected presence to expect a proximity of a person or a vehicle. After a predetermined period of time, the brightness can be lowered again, in particular if it can be assumed that no person or vehicle is present anymore.

Beispielsweise kann jede Leuchte bei Empfang einer Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit diese empfangene Information weiterleiten und zusätzlich kann eine Zählerinformation übertragen werden. DieseFor example, upon receiving information about the detected presence, each light may relay that received information, and in addition, meter information may be transmitted. These

Zählerinformation kann in einem einfachen Fall eine Zahl sein, die durch jede Leuchte, die die Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit empfangen hat, um Eins erhöht wird, bevor diese Zahl als Zählerinformation gemeinsam mit der Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit weitergeleitet wird. Die Zählerinformation kann also alsIn a simple case, counter information may be a number which is increased by one by each luminaire having received the detected presence information before being forwarded as counter information together with the detected presence information. The counter information can thus as

Information über die Entfernung der festegestellten Anwesenheit dienen. Auf diese Weise können die Leuchten auch erkennen, in welcher Entfernung die Anwesenheit erkannt wurde. So kann beispielsweise mit einem steigenden Zähler der Helligkeitswert der jeweiligen Leuchte, die bei Empfang einer Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit ihre Helligkeit erhöht, im Vergleich zu den vorherigen Leuchten gesenkt werden. Es können zusätzlich auch andere Informationen über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED übertragen werden.Information about the removal of the established presence serve. In this way, the lights can also detect the distance at which the presence was detected. Thus, for example, with a rising counter, the brightness value of the respective luminaire, which increases its brightness upon receiving information about the detected presence, can be lowered in comparison with the previous luminaires. In addition, other information about the communication can be transmitted directly via the emitted light of the LED.

Die räumliche Anordnung der Leuchten innerhalb des Beleuchtungssystems kann den einzelnen Leuchten bzw. deren integrierten Steuereinheiten bekannt sein.The spatial arrangement of the luminaires within the illumination system can be known to the individual luminaires or their integrated control units.

Somit kann beispielsweise auch eine Informationen über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Bewegung einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges erfolgt, übertragen werden. Wenn die räumliche Anordnung der Leuchten bekannt ist, dann kann beispielsweise jede Leuchte, die selbst einen Anwesenheitssensor aufweist, zum einen die Anwesenheit selbst erkennen, und sie kann die von anderen Leuchten übertragenen Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit empfangen. Sie kann nun beispielsweise aus dem Vergleich des zeitlichen Abstands zwischen dem Empfang der Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit von einer anderen Leuchte und der Erkennung der Anwesenheit über den eigenen Anwesenheitssensor einen Rückschluss auf die Geschwindigkeit der erfassten Bewegung ziehen. In Kenntnis der räumlichen Anordnung der Leuchten kann sogar zusätzlich zu der Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit auch eine Information über den Standort der Leuchten, welche bereits über ihren Anwesenheitssensor eine Anwesenheit erkannt haben, übertragen werden. Somit kann auch eine räumliche Auswertung über die Richtung der erfassten Bewegung (d.h. die Richtung der Änderung der Anwesenheit) erfolgen. Mittels der räumlichen Auswertung über die Richtung der erfassten Bewegung können nun auch gezielt weitere Leuchten über die erwartete weitere Bewegung informiert werden und adaptiv kann die Helligkeit für die Leuchten erhöht werden, wo eine Anwesenheit bzw. Bewegung erwartet wird.Thus, for example, information about the speed with which a movement of a person or a vehicle takes place can be transmitted. If the spatial arrangement of the luminaires is known, for example, each luminaire, which itself has a presence sensor, can for one thing detect the presence itself, and it can receive the information about the detected presence transmitted by other luminaires. It can now, for example, draw a conclusion on the speed of the detected movement from the comparison of the time interval between the receipt of the information about the detected presence of another luminaire and the detection of the presence via the own presence sensor. With knowledge of the spatial arrangement of the luminaires, information about the location of the luminaires, which have already detected their presence via their presence sensor, can even be transmitted in addition to the information about the detected presence. Thus, a spatial evaluation can also be made about the direction of the detected movement (i.e., the direction of change of the presence). By means of the spatial evaluation via the direction of the detected movement, further luminaires can now also be purposefully informed about the expected further movement, and adaptively the brightness for the luminaires can be increased, where a presence or movement is expected.

Auf diese Weise ist eine sehr energieeffiziente Beleuchtung möglich, wobei nur die erforderlichen Bereiche mit einer hohen Helligkeit beleuchtet sind, um der dort anwesenden Person und dem Fahrzeug eine ausreichende Beleuchtung sicherzustellen. Gleichzeitig wird aber auch ein hoher Nutzerkomfort erreicht, da die Beleuchtung adaptiv bereits voreilend angepasst werden kann. So kann beispielsweise ein in Kürze betretener Bereich bereits im Voraus heller beleuchtet werden, obwohl noch gar keine Anwesenheit feststellbar ist. Wenn das Fahrzeug oder die Person diesen Bereich erreicht, kann dieser schon ausreichend beleuchtet sein (ohne das erst auf das Erkennen einer Anwesenheit durch einen Anwesenheitssensor in diesem Bereich gewartet werden muß).In this way, a very energy-efficient lighting is possible, with only the required areas are illuminated with a high brightness to the person present there and the vehicle sufficient To ensure lighting. At the same time, however, a high degree of user comfort is achieved, since the lighting can be adaptively adjusted in advance. Thus, for example, a zone that is about to be entered can already be illuminated more brightly in advance, even though there is no detectable presence at the moment. If the vehicle or the person reaches this area, it can already be sufficiently lit (without first having to wait for the presence to be detected by a presence sensor in this area).

Die Informationen können mittels einer hochfrequenten Modulation des Lichtes erfolgen, so dass die Änderung des Lichtes nicht für das menschliche Auge wahrnehmbar ist.The information can be provided by means of a high-frequency modulation of the light, so that the change in the light is not perceptible to the human eye.

Für das erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtungssystem, bei dem mehrere Leuchten mit LED in einem gemeinsamen Beleuchtungssystem untereinander kommunizieren können, erfolgt wie bereits erwähnt die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED. Zumindest ein Teil der Leuchten verfügt über einen Anwesenheitssensor, um eine Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges feststellen zu können. Die Leuchte, die eine solche Anwesenheit erkannt hat, übermittelt den benachbarten Leuchten über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit.For the lighting system according to the invention, in which a plurality of luminaires with LEDs in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, as already mentioned, the communication takes place directly via the emitted light of the LED. At least some of the lights have a presence sensor to detect the presence of a person or a vehicle. The luminaire, which has detected such a presence, transmits information about the detected presence to the neighboring luminaires via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED.

Die Leuchten können jeweils mehrere LED enthalten, wobei zumindest ein Teil der LED in Richtung der zu beleuchtenden Fläche strahlt, und zumindest eine LED so angeordnet ist, dass sie in Richtung einer benachbarten Leuchte strahlt.The lights may each contain a plurality of LEDs, wherein at least a part of the LED radiates in the direction of the surface to be illuminated, and at least one LED is arranged so that it radiates in the direction of an adjacent light.

Die Leuchten können jeweils ein Empfangsmittel enthalten, welches das von einer LED einer benachbarten Leuchte empfangen kann. DieThe lights may each include a receiving means which may receive the from a LED of a neighboring light. The

Empfängsmittel können durch einen Helligkeitssensor wie beispielsweise eine Photodiode oder ein CCD Sensor gebildet werden. Die Leuchten können eine integrierte Steuereinheit aufweisen, die die Empfangsmittel überwacht und somit die über das Licht ausgesendeten Informationen der anderen Leuchten empfangen und auswerten kann.Receiving means may be formed by a brightness sensor such as a photodiode or a CCD sensor. The lights may have an integrated control unit, which the receiving means monitored and thus receive the light emitted by the information of the other lights and evaluate.

Die Empfangsmittel können durch eine im Reversbetrieb betriebene LED gebildet werden. Diese im Reversbetrieb betriebene LED kann jeweils nur für einen kurzen Augenblick im Reversbetrieb betreiben werden und für die restliche Zeit als LED im Vorwärtsbetrieb (also zur Lichtausstrahlung) betrieben werden. Es kann eine Empfangsschaltung vorhanden sein, die die im Reversbetrieb betriebene LED überwacht und auf diese Weise die übertragenen Informationen empfangen und auswerten kann. DieThe receiving means can be formed by an operating in reverse mode LED. This LED, which is operated in reverse mode, can only be operated in reverse operation for a brief moment and can be operated as an LED in forward operation (ie for light emission) for the remainder of the time. There may be a receiving circuit which monitors the LED operated in reverse mode and in this way can receive and evaluate the transmitted information. The

Empfangsschaltung kann Teil der integrierten Steuereinheit der Leuchte sein oder auch als zusätzliche Schaltung vorhanden sein, die durch die integrierten Steuereinheit der Leuchte überwacht und ausgewertet wird.Reception circuit may be part of the integrated control unit of the lamp or be available as an additional circuit, which is monitored and evaluated by the integrated control unit of the lamp.

Der Anwesenheitssensor kann zur Feststellung einer Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges durch einen Bewegungssensor, vorzugsweise durch einen passiven Infrarotsensor, gebildet werden. Der Anwesenheitssensor kann aber auch durch eine andere Sensorart wie beispielsweise einen Radarsensor oder eine Kamera mit Bewegungserkennung gebildet werden.The presence sensor may be formed to detect a presence of a person or a vehicle by a motion sensor, preferably by a passive infrared sensor. The presence sensor can also be formed by another type of sensor, such as a radar sensor or a camera with motion detection.

Die Leuchten können zusätzlich weitere Sensoren wie beispielsweise Helligkeitssensoren für die Erfassung der Umgebungshelligkeit aufweisen. Auch die erfassten Signale dieser Sensoren können durch die Leuchten (insbesondere deren integrierte Steuereinheiten) ausgewertet werden und als zusätzliche Informationen über das Licht an die weiteren Leuchten übertragen werden.The lights may additionally include other sensors such as brightness sensors for detecting the ambient brightness. The detected signals of these sensors can be evaluated by the lights (in particular their integrated control units) and transmitted as additional information about the light to the other lights.

Vorzugsweise sind die Leuchten nicht über eines drahtgebundenes oder funkbasiertes Bussystem verbunden, es ist aber möglich, dass eine zusätzliche Schnittstelle in den Leuchten vorhanden ist, beispielsweise um Daten auszulesen oder auch für eine langsame Datenübertragung. Das Beleuchtungssystem kann zusätzlich über Steuerzentralen verfügen, die entweder in einige der Leuchten integriert sind oder aber zumindest bei einzelnen Leuchten die LED ansteuern können. Die Steuerzentralen können zusätzliche Informationen über das Licht an die Leuchten des Beleuchtungssystems übertragen. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um allgemeingültige Helligkeitsbefehle oder auch Systeminformationen (wie beispielsweise eine Zeitinformation oder einen Aufruf von in den Leuchten bereits festgelegten Szenen oder Ablaufschemas) handeln. Preferably, the lights are not connected via a wired or radio-based bus system, but it is possible that an additional interface is present in the lights, for example, to read data or for a slow data transmission. The lighting system may additionally have control panels which are either integrated in some of the luminaires or at least can control the LEDs for individual luminaires. The control panels can transmit additional information about the light to the lights of the lighting system. These can be, for example, generally valid brightness commands or also system information (such as, for example, time information or a call for scenes or flowcharts already set in the lights).

Claims

Ansprüche: Claims: 1. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtungssystem, wobei mehrere Leuchten mit LED in einem gemeinsamen Beleuchtungssystem angeordnet sind und untereinander kommunizieren können, wobei die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teil der Leuchten über einen Anwesenheitssensor eine Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges feststellen kann und die Leuchte, die eine solche Anwesenheit erkannt hat, den benachbarten Leuchten über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit übermittelt.1. Control method for a lighting system, wherein a plurality of lights are arranged with LED in a common lighting system and can communicate with each other, wherein the communication is carried out directly on the emitted light of the LED, characterized in that at least a part of the lights via a presence sensor, a presence of a Person or a vehicle can detect and the lamp that has detected such presence, the neighboring lights transmitted via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED information about the detected presence. 2. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten, die die übermittelte Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit empfangen haben, diese auch weiterleiten.2. Control method for lighting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lights that have received the transmitted information about the detected presence, they also forward. 3. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten, die die übermittelte Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit empfangen haben, ihre Helligkeit entsprechend der übermittelten Information über die erkannte Anwesenheit ändern.3. Control method for lighting, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lights that have received the transmitted information about the detected presence, change their brightness according to the transmitted information about the detected presence. 4. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis4. Control method for a lighting, according to one of claims 1 to 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten die übermittelten Informationen über die erkannte3, characterized in that the lights detected the information about the detected Anwesenheit Zwischenspeichern können. Presence caching can. 5. Steueryerfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten anhand der Abfolge der übermittelten Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit ihre Helligkeit ändern und auch das spätere Verhalten hinsichtlich der Änderung ihrer Helligkeit anpassen.5. Steueryerfahren for lighting, according to claim 4, characterized in that the lights change their brightness based on the sequence of transmitted information about the detected presence and also adjust the later behavior in terms of changing their brightness. 6. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten zusätzlich anhand der festgestellten Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges ihre Helligkeit ändern und auch das spätere Verhalten hinsichtlich der Änderung ihrer Helligkeit anpassen.6. Control method for lighting, according to claim 5, characterized in that the lights additionally change their brightness on the basis of the detected presence of a person or a vehicle and also adjust the later behavior with respect to the change in their brightness. 7. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Leuchten zusätzlich anhand der übermittelten Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit und der festgestellten Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges ihre Helligkeit erhöhen, wenn die Informationen ein Nahen einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges erwarten lassen, und das nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne die Helligkeit wieder gesenkt wird, wenn davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass keine Person oder Fahrzeug mehr anwesend ist.7. Control method for lighting, according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the lights additionally increase their brightness on the basis of the transmitted information about the detected presence and the detected presence of a person or a vehicle when the information is a proximity of a person or a Vehicle expect, and after a predetermined period of time, the brightness is lowered again, if it can be assumed that no person or vehicle is present. 8. Steuerverfahren, für eine Beleuchtung, nach einem der Ansprüche 5, 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich eine Information über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Bewegung einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges erfolgt, übertragen wird. 8. A control method for lighting, according to any one of claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that in addition information about the speed at which a movement of a person or a vehicle is transmitted. 9. Steuerverfahren für eine Beleuchtung, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis9. Control method for a lighting, according to one of claims 1 to 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED und somit die Übertragung der Informationen mittels einer hochfrequenten Modulation des Lichtes, so dass die Änderung des Lichtes nicht für das menschliche Auge wahrnehmbar ist, erfolgt.8, characterized in that the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED and thus the transmission of the information by means of a high-frequency modulation of the light, so that the change of the light is not perceptible to the human eye takes place. 10. Beleuchtungssystem, wobei mehrere Leuchten mit LED in einem gemeinsamen Beleuchtungssystem untereinander kommunizieren können, und die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Teil der Leuchten über einen Anwesenheitssensor verfügt, um eine Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges feststellen zu können und die Leuchte, die eine solche Anwesenheit erkannt hat, den benachbarten Leuchten über die Kommunikation direkt über das ausgestrahlte Licht der LED Informationen über die erkannte Anwesenheit übermittelt.10. lighting system, wherein a plurality of lights with LED in a common lighting system can communicate with each other, and the communication is carried out directly on the emitted light of the LED, characterized in that at least a part of the lights has a presence sensor to a presence of a person or a Vehicle to detect the luminaire, which has detected such presence, the neighboring lights via the communication directly via the emitted light of the LED information about the detected presence transmitted. 11. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten jeweils mehrere LED enthalten, wobei zumindest ein Teil der LED in Richtung der zu beleuchtenden Fläche strahlt, und zumindest eine LED so angeordnet ist, dass sie in Richtung einer benachbarten Leuchte strahlt.11. Lighting system according to claim 10, characterized in that the lamps each contain a plurality of LEDs, wherein at least part of the LED radiates in the direction of the surface to be illuminated, and at least one LED is arranged so that it radiates in the direction of an adjacent lamp. 12. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchten jeweils ein Empfangsmittel enthalten, welches das ausgestrahlte Licht von einer LED einer benachbarten Leuchte empfangen kann. 12. Lighting system according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the lights each contain a receiving means which can receive the emitted light from an LED of an adjacent light. 13. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Empfangsmittel durch einen Helligkeitssensor gebildet werden.13. Lighting system according to claim 12, characterized in that the receiving means are formed by a brightness sensor. 14. Beleuchtungssystem nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Empfangsmittel durch eine im Reversbetrieb betriebene LED gebildet werden.14. Lighting system according to claim 12, characterized in that the receiving means are formed by a operated in reverse mode LED. 15. Beleuchtungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anwesenheitssensor zur Feststellung einer Anwesenheit einer Person oder eines Fahrzeuges durch einen Bewegungssensor, vorzugsweise durch einen passiven Infrarotsensor gebildet werden. 15. Lighting system according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the presence sensor for detecting a presence of a person or a vehicle by a motion sensor, preferably formed by a passive infrared sensor.
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