WO2010123391A1 - An apparatus for utilizing flue gases - Google Patents
An apparatus for utilizing flue gases Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010123391A1 WO2010123391A1 PCT/RU2009/000187 RU2009000187W WO2010123391A1 WO 2010123391 A1 WO2010123391 A1 WO 2010123391A1 RU 2009000187 W RU2009000187 W RU 2009000187W WO 2010123391 A1 WO2010123391 A1 WO 2010123391A1
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- gas
- reactor
- inlet
- cooling jacket
- cooler
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
- F02C3/28—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
Definitions
- the invention relates to devices for the processing of industrial and household waste, specifically to devices for the utilization of flue gases from heating furnaces and chemical plants using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels.
- a device for the disposal of flue gases (SU 1824510, ⁇ : F23L 15/00, 1993) containing an air intake with a flue gas intake pipe and a filter ventilation unit (FVU) for cleaning flue gases from soot, unburned fuel particles and a heat exchanger installed in the chimney of a thermal power plant (CHP) and connected via exit from the turbine CHP.
- FVU filter ventilation unit
- a disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient degree of utilization of flue gases associated with the disposal of only part of harmful impurities, as well as soot and unburned fuel particles.
- Another disadvantage of the known device is lack of environmental friendliness. This is explained by the fact that the flue gases of CHP plants, which are the main source of atmospheric pollution, contain 93% and 7% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in accordance with GOST 17.2.1.04.-77, and the rest in descending order: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, also soot, dust particles, often radioactive elements. At the same time, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which makes up the main percentage of flue gases, passes through the known device almost without delay and pollutes the atmosphere, causing a greenhouse effect in it.
- the objective of the invention is to increase the degree of utilization of flue gases by surviving them.
- the technical result that provides a solution to this problem is the activation of flue gases at their resonant frequencies of absorption of electromagnetic wave energy and the energy of electric pump sources in a volume isolated from the external environment.
- the flue gas recovery device comprising a gas intake with a first flue gas intake pipe and a filter ventilation installation, according to the invention, it further comprises a gas reactor with a liquid cooling jacket, a gas reagent pump source , adiabatic plasma cooler with a liquid cooling jacket, heat exchanger, steam turbine, on the shaft of which a generator is installed an electric current, the output winding of which is connected through an electric energy storage device to the input of the pump source, the gas reactor being connected at the inlet to the outlet of the gas intake, and at the output, through an adiabatic cooler with a filter-ventilation unit, one output of which is connected to the branch pipe for removing solid fractions, and the second purified gas fraction - with a second intake pipe, and the cooling jacket of the gas reactor and the adiabatic plasma cooler are connected to the heat exchange steam heating circuit nickname, the steam output of
- the pump source is made in the form of an EME generator and / or an electric spark gap with a pump frequency corresponding to one or more resonant frequencies of absorption of electromagnetic waves by a gas reagent.
- the filter ventilation installation is made in the form of a centrifugal separator and / or a set of replaceable filters with an exhaust fan.
- the plasma cooler is made in the form of an adiabatic cooler.
- Supply of a gas reactor and an adiabatic cooler with shirts connected via a heat transfer medium to a steam turbine, the shaft of which is connected to the rotor of an electric motor, the stator winding of which is connected to a pump source of the gas medium of the reactor at the same time compensates for the cost of electric energy for the utilization of flue gases and, with sufficient energy of the gas reactor, electric energy of external energy consumers.
- the implementation of the pumping device with frequencies corresponding to the resonant frequencies (spectral lines) of the absorption of flue gases can reduce the cost of activation and spontaneous combustion of flue gases.
- the figure shows a figure explaining the design of a device for the disposal of flue gases.
- the flue gas recovery device comprises sequentially installed a flue gas intake 1, a gas reactor 2, an adiabatic cooler 3, a filter ventilation unit 4.
- the flue gas intake 1 comprises a fan 5 connected inlet to the first 6 and second 7 intake pipes of the primary and secondary flue gases, respectively, and exit - with the inlet pipe 8 of the gas reactor 2.
- the gas reactor 2 is made in the form of a metal tank with double walls forming a cooling jacket 9.
- the volume of the internal cavity (units - tens of cm 3 ) and the wall thickness (fractions-units cm) of the capacity of the gas reactor 2 are selected from the condition of eliminating the rupture of its walls during avalanche ionization of the gas reagent and reducing the energy consumption for igniting the gas reagent in the entire volume of the reactor cavity.
- the inlet pipe 8 is connected to the internal cavity of the reactor 2 and is equipped with a check valve 9.
- the outlet pipe 10 of the gas reactor 2 is provided a pressure-controlled valve 11 connecting the cavity of the reactor 2 to the cavity of the adiabatic plasma cooler 3.
- the adiabatic cooler 3 is provided with double walls forming a cooling jacket 12.
- the internal cavity of the cooler 5 for exhaust gas reagent is connected to the inlet of the filter-ventilation unit 4.
- Installation 4 is made in the form of a centrifugal separator and / or a set of replaceable filters with an exhaust fan.
- One outlet of the installation 4 through a cleaned gas reagent is connected to the nozzle 7 of the gas inlet 1, and the other through a slurry and filtered sediments through a stop valve 13 with an external storage tank (not shown in the figures).
- the cavity of the shirts 9 and 12 are connected by pipelines to each other and to the cavity of the heat exchanger 14, inside which are installed pipelines 15 for generating steam, connected to each other through a steam turbine 16.
- An electric current generator 17 is installed on the turbine shaft 16, the output windings of which are connected to the electric energy storage 18 .
- the drive 18 is made of a capacitive or inductive type and is connected via a low-voltage output to a terminal box 19 for connection with external and internal consumers of electric energy, and by a high-voltage output, with the input of a pump source 20.
- the pump source 20 is made in the form of an EME generator and / or an electric spark gap with a pump frequency f n corresponding to one or more resonant absorption frequencies f 0 (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH thoroughlyf th America Natiopal ⁇ Food Congress Congress Congress THERF Stapards ⁇ husises ierind ⁇ hemistr. VoI.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) f n drive 20 are selected from the condition of ensuring stable combustion of the plasma, eliminating the rupture of the walls of the reactor 2 during avalanche ionization of the plasma and obtaining maximum thermal energy at the outlet of the reactor.
- a device for utilizing flue gases works as follows.
- the drive 18, the fan 5 and the HLF 4 are supplied with electric power U POA from an external source of electrical energy.
- the fan 5 of the inlet 1 injects the flue gases of an external source, for example from the chimney of the boiler room, through the inlet pipe 6 and the pipe 8 into the cavity of the gas reactor 2.
- the storage device 8 converts the input voltage U of Ignition to a high voltage pulse voltage U with a duration of ⁇ t, for example, a fraction - units of ⁇ s, with an adjustable period of repetition. These voltage pulses are then fed to a source of pumping a gas reagent introduced into the cavity of the gas reactor 2.
- the source 20 Under the influence of high voltage pulses, the source 20 generates electromagnetic radiation and / or initiates a series of electric discharges with a total energy density of at least 1 J / cm 3 for one or more resonant absorption frequencies of the gas reagent.
- the resonant absorption of electrical and electromagnetic energy of the pump source 18 (energetically low-cost) avalanche ionization of the gas reagent occurs in the entire volume of reactor 2.
- the ionization process prevails over the relaxation process of the gas reagent, CO 2 molecules decay on compound atoms, carbon ignition, transferring the thermal energy of its combustion into an additional ionization source, and then the complete separation of all electrons from their atoms.
- This energy in the closed volume of the gas reactor 2 is converted mainly into thermal energy, which provides afterburning of the gas reagent and heating of the coolant in the jacket 9, and into the energy of the shock wave (plasma microexplosions).
- the check valve 10 closes and the threshold valve 11 opens.
- the plasma flow from the reactor 2 through the valve 11 goes to the adiabatic cooler 3 and then the cooled goes to the filter ventilation unit (FVU) 4.
- the residual reagent is separated into gas and solid-liquid fractions. Unreacted gas fractions are recycled through pipe 7 to the gas inlet 1, and solid-liquid fractions are deposited and periodically removed to the storage tank through shut-off valves 13 for further processing or disposal.
- valve 1 1 closes, and valve 8 opens.
- the open valve 8 into the chamber of the reactor 2 under the action of a vacuum force caused by compression of the residual plasma, and with the help of the fan 5, the next portion of the gas reagent is fed and the process of activation and utilization of the reagent in the reactor 2 is repeated.
- the heat energy released during the disposal process is absorbed by the high-temperature liquid heat carrier, for example lithium, circulating through the jacket 9 of the gas reactor 2, the jacket 12 of the adiabatic cooler 3 and heat exchanger 14. Water boiling in the pipes 15 in the form of steam is supplied to the blades of the turbine 16 causing its shaft to rotate.
- Condensed steam from the refrigerator (not shown) of the steam turbine is returned to the pipes 15 for reuse.
- the mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft of the turbine 16 is then converted by the generator 17 into electrical energy and transmitted to the energy storage 18.
- the external source U is turned off and the flue gas recovery device completely switches to power supply by burning the gas reagent and converting its thermal energy into electrical energy.
- the invention is developed at the level of a technical proposal.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Устройство для утилизации дымовых газов Flue gas recovery device
Изобретение относится к устройствам переработки производственных и бытовых отходов, конкретно к устройствам утилизации дымовых газов отопительных печей и химических производств, использующих твердое, жидкое или газообразное топливо.The invention relates to devices for the processing of industrial and household waste, specifically to devices for the utilization of flue gases from heating furnaces and chemical plants using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels.
Известно устройство для утилизации дымовых газов. (SU 1824510, МГЖ: F23L 15/00, 1993) содержащее воздухозаборник с патрубком приема дымовых газов и фильтровентиляционную установку (ФВУ) для очистки дымовых газов от сажи, несгоревших частиц топлива и теплообменник, установленный в дымовой трубе теплоэлектростанции (ТЭЦ) и соединенный по выходу с турбиной ТЭЦ.A device for the disposal of flue gases. (SU 1824510, МГЖ: F23L 15/00, 1993) containing an air intake with a flue gas intake pipe and a filter ventilation unit (FVU) for cleaning flue gases from soot, unburned fuel particles and a heat exchanger installed in the chimney of a thermal power plant (CHP) and connected via exit from the turbine CHP.
Недостатком известного устройства является недостаточная степень утилизации дымовых газов, связанная с утилизацией только части вредных примесей, а также сажи и несгоревших частиц топлива. Другим недостатком известного устройства валяется недостаточная экологичность. Это объясняется тем, что дымовые газы ТЭЦ являющиеся основным источником загрязнения атмосферы, содержат по ГОСТ 17.2.1.04.-77 углекислый газ (CO2) - 93% и 7% - остальное в порядке убывания: сернистый газ, окислы азота, угарный газ, в также сажу, пылевые частицы, нередко радиоактивные элементы. При этом углекислый газ (CO2), составляющий основной процент дымовых газов, проходит через известное устройство практически без задержки и загрязняет атмосферу, вызывая в ней парниковый эффект.A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient degree of utilization of flue gases associated with the disposal of only part of harmful impurities, as well as soot and unburned fuel particles. Another disadvantage of the known device is lack of environmental friendliness. This is explained by the fact that the flue gases of CHP plants, which are the main source of atmospheric pollution, contain 93% and 7% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in accordance with GOST 17.2.1.04.-77, and the rest in descending order: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, also soot, dust particles, often radioactive elements. At the same time, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which makes up the main percentage of flue gases, passes through the known device almost without delay and pollutes the atmosphere, causing a greenhouse effect in it.
Задачей изобретения является повышение степени утилизации дымовых газов путем их дожита.The objective of the invention is to increase the degree of utilization of flue gases by surviving them.
Техническим результатом, обеспечивающим решение этой задачи, является активация дымовых газов на их резонансных частотах поглощения энергии электромагнитных волн и энергии электрических источников накачки в изолированном от внешней среды объеме.The technical result that provides a solution to this problem is the activation of flue gases at their resonant frequencies of absorption of electromagnetic wave energy and the energy of electric pump sources in a volume isolated from the external environment.
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) Достижение заявленного технического результата и, как следствие, решение поставленной технической задачи обеспечивается тем, что устройство утилизации дымовых газов, содержащее газозаборник с первым патрубком приема дымовых газов и фильтровентиляционную установку, согласно изобретению оно дополнительно содержит газовый реактор с жидкостной рубашкой охлаждения, источник накачки газового реагента, адиабатический охладитель плазмы с жидкостной рубашкой охлаждения, теплообменник, паровую турбину, на валу которой установлен генератор электрического тока, выходная обмотка которого соединена через накопитель электрической энергии с входом источника накачки, причем газовый реактор соединен по входу с выходом газозаборника, а по выходу - через адиабатический охладитель с фильтровентиляционной установкой, один выход которой соединен с патрубком отвода твердых фракций, а второй по очищенной газовой фракции - с вторым патрубком воздухозаборника, причем рубашки охлаждения газового реактора и адиабатического охладителя плазмы соединены с контуром нагрева пара теплообменника, паровой выход которого соединен с входом турбины.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The achievement of the claimed technical result and, as a result, the solution of the technical problem is ensured by the fact that the flue gas recovery device comprising a gas intake with a first flue gas intake pipe and a filter ventilation installation, according to the invention, it further comprises a gas reactor with a liquid cooling jacket, a gas reagent pump source , adiabatic plasma cooler with a liquid cooling jacket, heat exchanger, steam turbine, on the shaft of which a generator is installed an electric current, the output winding of which is connected through an electric energy storage device to the input of the pump source, the gas reactor being connected at the inlet to the outlet of the gas intake, and at the output, through an adiabatic cooler with a filter-ventilation unit, one output of which is connected to the branch pipe for removing solid fractions, and the second purified gas fraction - with a second intake pipe, and the cooling jacket of the gas reactor and the adiabatic plasma cooler are connected to the heat exchange steam heating circuit nickname, the steam output of which is connected to the turbine inlet.
При этом источник накачки выполнен в виде генератора ЭМВ и/или электрического разрядника с частотой накачки, соответствующей одной или нескольким резонансным частотам поглощения электромагнитных волн газовым реагентом. Фильтровентиляционная установка выполнена в виде центробежного сепаратора и/или набора сменных фильтров с вытяжным вентилятором. Охладитель плазмы выполнен в виде адиабатического охладителя.In this case, the pump source is made in the form of an EME generator and / or an electric spark gap with a pump frequency corresponding to one or more resonant frequencies of absorption of electromagnetic waves by a gas reagent. The filter ventilation installation is made in the form of a centrifugal separator and / or a set of replaceable filters with an exhaust fan. The plasma cooler is made in the form of an adiabatic cooler.
Введение газового реактора, и снабжение его патрубков клапанами, позволило ограничить допуск в зону реакции нейтральных атомов газов из внешней среды. Следствием этого явилось преобладание в зоне реакции процессов ионизации над процессом релаксации и, как следствие, возникновение лавинной ионизации, обеспечившей дожиг дымовых газов и их утилизацию. Снабжение газового реактора и адиабатического охладителя рубашками, соединенными по теплоносителю с паровой турбиной, вал которой соединен с ротором электродвигателя, статорная обмотка которого соединена с источником накачки газовой среды реактора одновременно позволяет компенсировать затраты электрической энергии на утилизацию дымовых газов и при достаточной энергии газового реактора дополнительно обеспечить электрической энергией внешних потребителей энергии. Выполнение устройства накачки с частотами, соответствующими резонансным частотам (спектральным линиям) поглощения дымовых газов позволяет снизить затраты на активацию и самовозгорание дымовых газов.The introduction of a gas reactor, and the supply of its pipes with valves, made it possible to limit the admission to the reaction zone of neutral gas atoms from the external environment. The consequence of this was the predominance of ionization processes in the reaction zone over the relaxation process and, as a result, the emergence of avalanche ionization, which ensured the burning of flue gases and their disposal. Supply of a gas reactor and an adiabatic cooler with shirts connected via a heat transfer medium to a steam turbine, the shaft of which is connected to the rotor of an electric motor, the stator winding of which is connected to a pump source of the gas medium of the reactor at the same time compensates for the cost of electric energy for the utilization of flue gases and, with sufficient energy of the gas reactor, electric energy of external energy consumers. The implementation of the pumping device with frequencies corresponding to the resonant frequencies (spectral lines) of the absorption of flue gases can reduce the cost of activation and spontaneous combustion of flue gases.
В целом указанные технические преимущества позволяют повысить степень утилизации дымовых газов с одновременным снижением энергетических затрат на утилизацию.In general, these technical advantages make it possible to increase the degree of utilization of flue gases while reducing energy costs for utilization.
На фигуре представлен рисунок, поясняющий конструкцию устройства для утилизации дымовых газов.The figure shows a figure explaining the design of a device for the disposal of flue gases.
Устройство утилизации дымовых газов содержит последовательно установленные газозаборник 1 дымовых газов, газовый реактор 2, адиабатический охладитель 3, фильтровентиляционную установку 4. Газозаборник 1 содержит вентилятор 5, соединенный по входу с первым 6 и вторым 7 патрубками забора первичных и вторичных дымовых газов соответственно, а по выходу- с входным патрубком 8 газового реактора 2. Газовый реактор 2 выполнен в виде металлической емкости с двойными стенками, образующими рубашку 9 охлаждения. Объем внутренней полости (единицы - десятки см3) и толщина стенок (доли-единицы см) емкости газового реактора 2 выбираются из условия исключения разрыва его стенок при лавинной ионизации газового реагента и снижения затрат энергии на поджиг газового реагента во всем объеме полости реактора. Входной патрубок 8 соединен с внутренней полостью реактора 2 и снабжен обратным клапаном 9. Выходной патрубок 10 газового реактора 2 снабжен управляемым по давлению клапаном 11 , соединяющим полость реактора 2 с полостью адиабатического охладителя 3 плазмы. Адиабатический охладитель 3 снабжен двойными стенками, образующими рубашку 12 охлаждения. Внутренняя полость охладителя 5 по отработанному газовому реагенту соединена с входом фильтровентиляционной установкой 4. Установка 4 выполнена в виде центробежного сепаратора и/или набора сменных фильтров с вытяжным вентилятором. Один выход установки 4 по очищенному газовому реагенту соединен с патрубком 7 газозаборника 1 , а другой - по шламу и отфильтрованным осадкам через запорную арматуру 13 с внешним баком накопителем (на фигурах не показано). Полости рубашек 9 и 12 соединены трубопроводами между собой и с полостью теплообменника 14, внутри которого установлены трубопроводы 15 генерации пара, соединенные между собой через паровую турбину 16. На валу турбины 16 установлен генератор 17 электрического тока, выходные обмотки которого соединены с накопителем 18 электрической энергии. Накопитель 18 выполнен емкостного или индуктивного типа и соединен по низковольтному выходу с клеммной коробкой 19 для соединения с внешним и внутренними потребителями электрической энергии, а по высоковольтному - с входом источника 20 накачки. Источник 20 накачки выполнен в виде генератора ЭМВ и/или электрического разрядника с частотой fн накачки, соответствующей одной или нескольким резонансным частотам f0 поглощения (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH оf thе Nаtiопаl Вurеаu оf Stапdаrds Рhusisеs апd Сhеmistrу. VoI. 67 А, 3, Мау-Juпе, 1963; Яманов Д. H. Основы электродинамики и распространение радиоволн. Часть 2. Основы электродинамики. Тексты лекций.- M: МГТУ ГА, 2005. 100 с) электромагнитных волн газовым реагентом, введенным в полость реактора 2. Накопитель 18 выполнен с регулируемым периодом T следования высоковольтных импульсов напряжением UB; и длительностью Δt (доли - единицы мкс). Конкретные значения величин UBj Δt накопителя 18, а такжеThe flue gas recovery device comprises sequentially installed a flue gas intake 1, a gas reactor 2, an adiabatic cooler 3, a filter ventilation unit 4. The flue gas intake 1 comprises a fan 5 connected inlet to the first 6 and second 7 intake pipes of the primary and secondary flue gases, respectively, and exit - with the inlet pipe 8 of the gas reactor 2. The gas reactor 2 is made in the form of a metal tank with double walls forming a cooling jacket 9. The volume of the internal cavity (units - tens of cm 3 ) and the wall thickness (fractions-units cm) of the capacity of the gas reactor 2 are selected from the condition of eliminating the rupture of its walls during avalanche ionization of the gas reagent and reducing the energy consumption for igniting the gas reagent in the entire volume of the reactor cavity. The inlet pipe 8 is connected to the internal cavity of the reactor 2 and is equipped with a check valve 9. The outlet pipe 10 of the gas reactor 2 is provided a pressure-controlled valve 11 connecting the cavity of the reactor 2 to the cavity of the adiabatic plasma cooler 3. The adiabatic cooler 3 is provided with double walls forming a cooling jacket 12. The internal cavity of the cooler 5 for exhaust gas reagent is connected to the inlet of the filter-ventilation unit 4. Installation 4 is made in the form of a centrifugal separator and / or a set of replaceable filters with an exhaust fan. One outlet of the installation 4 through a cleaned gas reagent is connected to the nozzle 7 of the gas inlet 1, and the other through a slurry and filtered sediments through a stop valve 13 with an external storage tank (not shown in the figures). The cavity of the shirts 9 and 12 are connected by pipelines to each other and to the cavity of the heat exchanger 14, inside which are installed pipelines 15 for generating steam, connected to each other through a steam turbine 16. An electric current generator 17 is installed on the turbine shaft 16, the output windings of which are connected to the electric energy storage 18 . The drive 18 is made of a capacitive or inductive type and is connected via a low-voltage output to a terminal box 19 for connection with external and internal consumers of electric energy, and by a high-voltage output, with the input of a pump source 20. The pump source 20 is made in the form of an EME generator and / or an electric spark gap with a pump frequency f n corresponding to one or more resonant absorption frequencies f 0 (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH оf thе Natiopal Вееуу оf Stapards Рhusises аnd Сhemistr. VoI. 67 A, 3, Mau -Jupe, 1963; D. Yamanov, Fundamentals of electrodynamics and radio wave propagation - Part 2: Fundamentals of electrodynamics. Lecture texts.- M: MSTU GA, 2005. 100 c) electromagnetic waves with a gas reagent introduced into the cavity of reactor 2. Accumulator 18 is made with adjustable period T of repetition of high-voltage pulses yazheniem U B; and duration Δt (fractions - units µs). The specific values of the values of U Bj Δt drive 18, as well as
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) fн накопителя 20 выбираются из условия обеспечения устойчивого горения плазмы, исключения разрыва стенок реактора 2 при лавинной ионизации плазмы и получения максимума тепловой энергии на выходе реактора.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) f n drive 20 are selected from the condition of ensuring stable combustion of the plasma, eliminating the rupture of the walls of the reactor 2 during avalanche ionization of the plasma and obtaining maximum thermal energy at the outlet of the reactor.
Устройство утилизации дымовых газов работает следующим образом.A device for utilizing flue gases works as follows.
В исходном состоянии на накопитель 18, вентилятор 5 и ФВУ 4 подается электропитание UПOДжигa от внешнего источника электрической энергии. При этом вентилятор 5 газозаборника 1 нагнетает дымовые газы внешнего источника, например из дымовой трубы котельной, через приемный патрубок 6 и патрубок 8 в полость газового реактора 2. Одновременно накопитель 8 преобразует входное напряжение UПOдЖИГa в высоковольтное импульсное напряжение Uв длительностью Δt, например доли - единицы мкс, с регулируемым периодом T следования. Эти импульсы напряжения далее подаются на источник 20 накачки газового реагента, введенного в полость газового реактора 2. Под воздействием высоковольтных импульсов источник 20 генерирует электромагнитное излучение и/или инициирует серию электрических разрядов с общей плотностью энергии не менее 1 Дж/см3 на одной или нескольких резонансных частотах поглощения газового реагента. В результате резонансного поглощения электрической и электромагнитной энергии источника 18 накачки происходит (энергетически малозатратная) лавинная ионизация газового реагента во всем объеме реактора 2. При этом в изолированном от внешней среды объеме газового реактора процесс ионизации преобладает над процессом релаксации газового реагента, идет распад молекул CO2 на составные атомы, возгорание углерода, переводящее тепловую энергию его горения в дополнительный источник ионизации, и далее полный отрыв всех электронов от их атомов. После отрыва всех электронов от атомов в замкнутом пространстве реактора 2 согласно эффекту мгновенного «cxлoпывaния» ядер (www.сhukапоvtпеrgу.соm, US 69369761, НКИ: 315.111.91; 315.108, 2005) и образования общего положительного ядра, электроны вокруг вновь образованного ядра автоматически оказываются возбужденными (переведенными на высокоэнергетические удаленные от нового положительного ядра электрические орбиты). При переходе электронов из возбужденного состояния на нижние энергетические уровни излучается квантовая энергия, пропорциональная разности энергий электрических орбит переходов электронов образованного «квaзиядpa». Эта энергия в замкнутом объеме газового реактора 2 преобразуется преимущественно в тепловую энергию, обеспечивающую дожиг газового реагента и нагрев теплоносителя в рубашке 9, и в энергию ударной волны (микровзрывы плазмы). Под действием давления расширяющейся плазмы обратный клапан 10 закрывается, а пороговый клапан 11 открывается. При этом поток плазмы из реактора 2 через клапан 11 переходит в адиабатический охладитель 3 и далее охлажденный переходит в фильтровентиляционную установку (ФВУ) 4. В ФВУ 4 остаточный реагент разделяется на газовую и твердо - жидкостную фракции. Непрореагировавшие газовые фракции вторично возвращаются через патрубок 7 в газозаборник 1 , а твердо - жидкостные фракции осаждаются и через запорную арматуру 13 периодически выводятся в бак накопитель для дальнейшей переработки или захоронения. После окончания фазы расширения плазмы в камере реактора 2 начинается обратный процесс ее сжатия. При этом клапан 1 1 закрывается, а клапан 8 открывается. Через открытый клапан 8 в камеру реактора 2 под действием силы разряжения, вызванной сжатием остаточной плазмы, и с помощью вентилятора 5, подается очередная порция газового реагента и процесс активации и утилизации реагента в реакторе 2 повторяется. Тепловая энергия, выделяющаяся в процессе утилизации, поглощается жидким высокотемпературным теплоносителем, например литием, циркулирующим через рубашку 9 газового реактора 2, рубашку 12 адиабатического охладителя 3 и теплообменник 14. Вскипающая в трубах 15 вода в виде пара подается на лопатки турбины 16 приводя во вращение ее вал. Конденсат пара из холодильника (на фигуре не показано) паровой турбины возвращается в трубы 15 для повторного использования. Механическая энергия вращения вала турбины 16 далее генератором 17 преобразуется в электрическую энергию и передается на накопитель 18 энергии. При выходе накопителя 18 на рабочий режим внешний источник Uпoджигa отключается и устройство утилизации дымовых газов полностью переходит на электропитание за счет сжигания газового реагента и преобразование его тепловой энергии в электрическую энергию.In the initial state, the drive 18, the fan 5 and the HLF 4 are supplied with electric power U POA from an external source of electrical energy. In this case, the fan 5 of the inlet 1 injects the flue gases of an external source, for example from the chimney of the boiler room, through the inlet pipe 6 and the pipe 8 into the cavity of the gas reactor 2. At the same time, the storage device 8 converts the input voltage U of Ignition to a high voltage pulse voltage U with a duration of Δt, for example, a fraction - units of μs, with an adjustable period of repetition. These voltage pulses are then fed to a source of pumping a gas reagent introduced into the cavity of the gas reactor 2. Under the influence of high voltage pulses, the source 20 generates electromagnetic radiation and / or initiates a series of electric discharges with a total energy density of at least 1 J / cm 3 for one or more resonant absorption frequencies of the gas reagent. As a result of the resonant absorption of electrical and electromagnetic energy of the pump source 18, (energetically low-cost) avalanche ionization of the gas reagent occurs in the entire volume of reactor 2. In this case, in the volume of the gas reactor isolated from the external environment, the ionization process prevails over the relaxation process of the gas reagent, CO 2 molecules decay on compound atoms, carbon ignition, transferring the thermal energy of its combustion into an additional ionization source, and then the complete separation of all electrons from their atoms. After the separation of all electrons from atoms in the enclosed space of reactor 2 according to the effect of instant “coalescence” of nuclei (www.shukapvtperg.com, US 69369761, NCI: 315.111.91; 315.108, 2005) and the formation of a common positive nucleus, the electrons around the newly formed nucleus automatically turn out to be excited (transferred to high-energy electric orbits far from the new positive nucleus). During the transition of electrons from an excited state to lower energy levels, quantum energy is emitted, which is proportional to the difference in the energies of the electric orbits of the transitions of the electrons of the formed "quasi-nucleus". This energy in the closed volume of the gas reactor 2 is converted mainly into thermal energy, which provides afterburning of the gas reagent and heating of the coolant in the jacket 9, and into the energy of the shock wave (plasma microexplosions). Under the action of the pressure of the expanding plasma, the check valve 10 closes and the threshold valve 11 opens. In this case, the plasma flow from the reactor 2 through the valve 11 goes to the adiabatic cooler 3 and then the cooled goes to the filter ventilation unit (FVU) 4. In the FVU 4, the residual reagent is separated into gas and solid-liquid fractions. Unreacted gas fractions are recycled through pipe 7 to the gas inlet 1, and solid-liquid fractions are deposited and periodically removed to the storage tank through shut-off valves 13 for further processing or disposal. After the end of the expansion phase of the plasma in the chamber of the reactor 2, the reverse process of its compression begins. When this valve 1 1 closes, and valve 8 opens. Through the open valve 8, into the chamber of the reactor 2 under the action of a vacuum force caused by compression of the residual plasma, and with the help of the fan 5, the next portion of the gas reagent is fed and the process of activation and utilization of the reagent in the reactor 2 is repeated. The heat energy released during the disposal process is absorbed by the high-temperature liquid heat carrier, for example lithium, circulating through the jacket 9 of the gas reactor 2, the jacket 12 of the adiabatic cooler 3 and heat exchanger 14. Water boiling in the pipes 15 in the form of steam is supplied to the blades of the turbine 16 causing its shaft to rotate. Condensed steam from the refrigerator (not shown) of the steam turbine is returned to the pipes 15 for reuse. The mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft of the turbine 16 is then converted by the generator 17 into electrical energy and transmitted to the energy storage 18. When the drive 18 to the operating mode, the external source U is turned off and the flue gas recovery device completely switches to power supply by burning the gas reagent and converting its thermal energy into electrical energy.
Изобретение разработано на уровне технического предложения. The invention is developed at the level of a technical proposal.
Claims
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| PCT/RU2009/000187 WO2010123391A1 (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2009-04-20 | An apparatus for utilizing flue gases |
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| PCT/RU2009/000187 WO2010123391A1 (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2009-04-20 | An apparatus for utilizing flue gases |
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| RU2573820C2 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-01-27 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Fireball generation device |
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