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WO2010121425A1 - Procédé d'étalonnage et antenne active - Google Patents

Procédé d'étalonnage et antenne active Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010121425A1
WO2010121425A1 PCT/CN2009/071412 CN2009071412W WO2010121425A1 WO 2010121425 A1 WO2010121425 A1 WO 2010121425A1 CN 2009071412 W CN2009071412 W CN 2009071412W WO 2010121425 A1 WO2010121425 A1 WO 2010121425A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
calibration
receiving
channel
signal
multiplexer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2009/071412
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何平华
吴剑锋
常艳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to CN200980156434.8A priority Critical patent/CN102326293B/zh
Priority to EP09839841.5A priority patent/EP2270923B1/fr
Priority to ES09839841T priority patent/ES2415131T3/es
Priority to PCT/CN2009/071412 priority patent/WO2010121425A1/fr
Publication of WO2010121425A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010121425A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a calibration method and an active antenna. Background technique
  • transceivers are moving toward integration and low cost, which creates conditions for the application of Digital Beam-forming (DBF), as long as each transceiver is equipped with a transceiver.
  • Digital beamforming can be implemented, thus forming a transceiver array, a product of this form, commonly referred to as an active antenna.
  • the integration degree that is, to lay out as many transceiver units as possible on a PCB (ie, a single board) whose area has been determined.
  • a PCB ie, a single board
  • the maximum allowable PCB length is about 550 mm
  • the vibrator units constituting the active antenna are linearly arranged with a pitch of about At a wavelength of 0.8-0.9 times.
  • Each transducer unit is connected to a transceiver, so that the transceiver array needs to be arranged on two or more boards at the same spacing, such as eight transceiver arrays of 18dBi active antennas in the 2GHz band. Evenly distributed in the range of 900-1000mm in a straight line, it should be placed on two identical PCBs. Moreover, since the characteristics of each transceiver unit (e.g., amplitude, phase, delay) are highly dispersed, in order to achieve DBF, the transceiver array must be calibrated.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an active antenna, including K antenna element arrays, and further includes: first to Kth transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the antenna element array, respectively corresponding to the first to the ⁇ On the board, each transceiver unit array includes multiple transceiver units, each transceiver unit including one receiving channel and/or one transmitting channel and corresponding baseband processing module; first to ⁇ multiplexers , which are respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards, and transmit the calibration signal to the first to the ⁇ multiplexers except the multiplexer through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer.
  • the feature difference calculation unit is configured to be based on the passing of the active antenna Calibration signal for each calibration loop Correlating the characteristic difference value between the original calibration signals with the characteristics of each calibration loop, and the P characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, calculating the active antenna a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit with respect to a reference receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel, respectively; said baseband processing module for receiving channels according to corresponding transceiver units and/or Or characteristic difference value of the transmitting channel, performing feature compensation on the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain; wherein: K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the present invention also provides a calibration method for applying the first to Kth transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the first to Kth boards, the corresponding first to Kth multiplexers, and corresponding sections 1 to the active antenna of the Kth calibrator, K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising: obtaining, by the first to the Kth calibrators, all of the first to the Kth boards through the active antenna P characteristic difference values between the P calibration signals after the calibration loop and the original calibration signal, wherein the value of P is the number of all transceiver units of the first to the ⁇ transceiver unit arrays; Correlation between a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna and a characteristic of each calibration loop, and each school of the active antenna Calculating a characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel respectively according to P characteristic difference values obtained by the device;
  • P eigenvalues between P calibration signals and original calibration signals after all calibration loops of the active antenna are obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna And an association between a characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and a characteristic of each calibration loop, and each of the active antennas P characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrators, and calculating characteristic difference values of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, respectively; Feature compensation of the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain by each baseband processing module of the active antenna according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit To achieve a more accurate calibration of the transceiver arrays arranged on different boards.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive link connecting two boards according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of another active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of still another active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a peripheral of a combiner when an array of transceivers is arranged on three boards in an active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart showing a calibration method of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart showing another calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a flow chart showing still another calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an active antenna and a method of calibrating a transceiver array to achieve a more accurate calibration between transceivers disposed on different boards. It should be noted that the calibration of the embodiment of the present invention focuses on the three characteristics of amplitude, phase, and delay of the transceiver, and uses a uniform feature variable to represent the three features. Moreover, for convenience of description, the transceiver channel (referred to as TR channel) is used to represent one receiving channel and/or one transmitting channel in the drawing;
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an active antenna, including K antenna element arrays, and further includes: first to Kth transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the antenna element array, which are respectively disposed at the first to the Kth
  • Each transceiver unit array includes a plurality of transceiver units, each transceiver unit including a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel and a corresponding baseband processing module;
  • the first to Kth multiplexers are respectively disposed on the first to Kth boards, and the calibration signals are transmitted to the first to Kth multiplexers through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer.
  • Other multiplexers other than the multiplexer;
  • a feature difference calculation unit configured to associate a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each calibration loop of the active antenna with a feature of each calibration loop, and P characteristic difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna are calculated, and the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna are respectively calculated relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel Characteristic difference value;
  • the baseband processing module is configured to perform feature compensation on a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit; wherein: K is greater than A positive integer equal to 2.
  • the feature difference calculation unit is a first feature difference calculation unit, configured to use the matrix operation of the array according to the P-dimensional one-dimensional array corresponding to the calibration loop that the calibration signal passes.
  • the feature difference values of the receive and/or transmit channels of each transceiver unit on the board relative to the reference receive and/or transmit channels, respectively, wherein the one-dimensional array represents the passage of signals in the corresponding calibration loop The characteristic difference value of each component, the calibration signal passing through the calibration loop, and the original calibration signal.
  • each calibrator in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically configured to issue an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving The calibration signal is divided into multiple paths by the active antenna in the multiplexer of the board, respectively entering the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the board; and the original receiving calibration signal is passed through the multiplexer
  • the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexers is transmitted to other multiplexers other than the multiplexer of the K multiplexers, and is divided into multiplexes by each of the other multiplexers, respectively, into the active antennas in each of the other Receiving calibration loops for the boards; and for receiving the first to the first through the active antennas
  • All of the K boards receive the calibration signals after receiving the calibration loop, and compare the P characteristic difference values between the P received calibration signals and the original received calibration signals.
  • the baseband processing module in the active antenna is further configured to send the original transmission at a predetermined delay interval. Shooting a calibration signal, the original transmission calibration signal entering a corresponding transmission channel according to a signal transmission direction;
  • Each calibrator in the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically configured to receive, by using a corresponding multiplexer, an I-channel calibration calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the active antenna on the board, The value is the number of all transmit channels of the active antenna on the board, and the (PI) transmit calibration signals transmitted through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer, and compare the received ones.
  • the feature difference between the P transmit calibration signals and the original transmit calibration signal sent by the corresponding baseband processing module is obtained, and P feature difference values are obtained.
  • the multiplexer includes a switch matrix, a power split combiner, a duplexer, or any combination of the above.
  • the feature difference calculation unit and one of the calibrators may be integrated into an integrated master calibrator; or, in another implementation, the feature difference calculation The unit and one of the baseband processing modules can be integrated into an integrated module.
  • each transceiver unit array corresponds to a calibrator, and each transceiver unit array is not only calibrated by a corresponding calibrator on the same board, but also Other calibrator calibrations set on other boards, that is, the calibration signals are transmitted to the transceiver unit arrays and calibrators on other boards through electromagnetic connections between multiplexers and multiplexers on different boards.
  • the active antenna includes two An array of antenna elements, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna element arrays) disposed on the first board (ie, the board 1 in the figure), a multiplexer D1 and a calibrator El, and a second
  • the transceiver unit array (corresponding to the other antenna element array) on the board (ie, the board 2 in the figure), the multiplexer D2 and the calibrator E2, the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 have digital signal connections
  • the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2 have radio frequency signal connections
  • the transceiver unit array of the first board includes an M-channel transceiver unit (ie, the transceiver channels B11 to B1M in FIG.
  • the signal unit array includes N transceiver units (ie, transceiver channels B21 to B2N in FIG. 1), and each transceiver unit includes one transceiver channel (one receiving channel and/or one transmitting channel) and a corresponding base.
  • M the number of transceiver units
  • N the number of transceiver channels B21 to B2N in FIG. 1
  • the calibrator D1 is configured to obtain M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N calibration signals and all the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna are obtained;
  • the calibrator D2 is configured to obtain M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N calibration signals and all the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antenna;
  • each calibration loop includes at least one receiving channel or one transmitting channel. In other words, one receiving channel or one transmitting channel corresponds to one calibration loop.
  • a baseband processing module (A11-A1M, A21-A2N) for characterizing a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of a corresponding transceiver unit make up.
  • the functions of the transceiver channels B11 to 1M and the transceiver channels B21 to 2N shown in FIG. 1 are the same as those of the prior art, and the functions and functions of the couplers C11-C1M and C21-C2N are the same as those in the prior art. Narration. If the receiver arrays distributed on the first board and the second board are received and calibrated, the calibrator D1 is specifically configured to issue an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into M by the multiplexer D1.
  • the original received calibration signal is transmitted to the multiplexer D2 through a radio frequency signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2 Dividing into N paths through the multiplexer D2, respectively entering the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board, and receiving the receiving calibration loop on the first board through the active antenna M receiving calibration signals after the road, and N receiving calibrations passed through the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, after the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board And comparing the M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N receiving calibration signals and the original receiving calibration signals sent by the calibrator E1, M ⁇ 2, N ⁇ 2; wherein the value of M is Active antenna in the first The number of all receiving channels of a single board, and the value of N is the number of all receiving channels of the active antenna on the second board;
  • the active antenna in the M-channel receiving calibration loop of the first board refers to the calibrator E1, the multiplexer D1, the M-channel receiving channel, and the corresponding one on the first board.
  • the M-channel receiving calibration module formed by the M baseband processing modules; the active antenna in the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the second board refers to the calibrator El, the multiplexer on the first board.
  • Dl second The N-channel receiving calibration loop formed by the multiplexer D2, the N-channel receiving channel, the corresponding N baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E2 on the board.
  • the calibrator E2 is specifically configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into N paths through the multiplexer D2, and respectively enters the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board;
  • the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the multiplexer D1 through the radio frequency signal connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1, and is divided into M paths by the multiplexer D1, and respectively enters the active antenna on the first board.
  • the M path receives the calibration loop, and the N received calibration signals after receiving the receive calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board, and the digital signal passing between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 M receiving the calibration signals transmitted by the active antenna after receiving the calibration loop of the first board, and comparing the M+N receiving calibration signals with the original receiving calibration issued by the calibrator E2 M+N characteristic difference values between signals.
  • the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna in the second board refers to the calibrator E2, the multiplexer D2, the N-channel receiving channel, and the corresponding one on the second board.
  • the N-channel receiving calibration loop formed by the N baseband processing modules; the M-channel calibration loop of the active antenna in the first board refers to the calibrator E2 and the multiplexer D2 on the second board.
  • a feature difference calculation unit specifically configured to: according to an equivalent relationship between a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each receiving calibration loop passing through the active antenna, and a feature of each receiving calibration loop, The M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1 and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 are calculated, and each transceiver of the active antenna on the first board and the second board is calculated.
  • the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator E1 in an integral manner of the difference between the receiving channel of the machine unit and the reference receiving channel;
  • M+N one-dimensional arrays can be obtained; the calibration signal sent by the calibrator E2 goes through M+N calibration loops respectively, and M+N one-dimensional arrays can be obtained; multiple one-dimensional arrays form a two-dimensional array After the matrix operation, the characteristic difference value of each receiving channel relative to a certain receiving channel (the reference receiving channel, such as the receiving channel in the transmitting and receiving channel 11) is obtained.
  • the reference receiving channel such as the receiving channel in the transmitting and receiving channel 11
  • Each of the baseband processing modules (Al1-A1M, A21-A2N) is specifically configured to perform a feature on the received service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. Compensation, so that the received service signals can be coherently accumulated;
  • the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel of each of the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board relative to the reference receiving channel is provided in the baseband processing module of the M+N path.
  • the receiving DBF module respectively invokes, including: performing post-compensation of signal characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) in the digital domain for each received reception signal after demodulation, to offset the receiving channel of each transceiver unit.
  • the difference of characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) makes the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) of the baseband signals of all receiving channels equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals.
  • the required antenna receiving pattern is formed to achieve the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna.
  • the calibrator E1 is specifically configured to issue an original receiving calibration signal
  • the original receiving calibration signal is divided into M paths by the multiplexer D1, respectively entering the active antenna to receive a calibration loop on the M path of the first board; and the original receiving calibration signal is passed through the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer
  • the RF signal connection between D2 is transmitted to the multiplexer D2, divided into N paths by the multiplexer D2, and respectively enters the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna in the second board, and obtains the active through the
  • the characteristics of the M calibration signals after the antenna receives the calibration loop of the first board and the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, and the receiving of the active antenna on the second board The characteristics of the N calibration signals after calibrating the loop, and compare M+N characteristic difference values between the characteristics of the M+N received calibration signals and the characteristics of the original received calibration signals issued;
  • the calibrator E2 is specifically configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into N paths through the multiplexer D2, and respectively enters the N-channel receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the second board;
  • the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the multiplexer D1 through the radio frequency signal connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1, and is divided into M paths by the multiplexer D1, and respectively enters the active antenna on the first board.
  • the M path receives the calibration loop, and obtains the characteristics of the N received calibration signals after the receiving loop of the active antenna on the second board and transmits the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2.
  • the M-base processing module (Al l to AIM) is further used to sequentially issue M-channel original emission calibrations at predetermined delay intervals. a signal, the original transmission calibration signal flows into a corresponding transmission channel according to a signal transmission direction (ie, an original transmission calibration signal flows into a transmission calibration loop);
  • the N-baseband processing module (A21 to A2N) is further configured to sequentially issue N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals, and the original transmission calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmission channel according to the signal transmission direction (ie, the original transmission calibration signal flows in Launch calibration loop);
  • the calibrator E1 is specifically configured to receive an M-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the first antenna through the active antenna, and transmit the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2.
  • the N-channel calibration calibration signal after the active antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the second board, and compared with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel respectively, to obtain M+N characteristic difference values.
  • the calibrator E2 is specifically configured to receive an N-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the second antenna through the active antenna, and transmit the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2. And passing the M channel of the active antenna after the transmission calibration loop of the first board to emit a calibration signal, and comparing with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel respectively, to obtain M+N characteristic difference values. .
  • the M baseband processing module of the first single board, the corresponding M-channel TR channel (specifically, the transmitting channel), the multiplexer D1, and the calibrator E1 constitute an M-channel transmission calibration loop;
  • M baseband processing modules of the board, corresponding M-channel TR channels (specifically, transmission channels), multiplexer D1, multiplexer D2 of the second board, and calibrator E2 constitute an M-channel transmission calibration loop;
  • the multiplexer D2, and the calibrator E2 constitute an N-channel transmission calibration loop;
  • the device D2, the multiplexer D1, the calibrator El, and the like constitute an N-channel transmission calibration loop. It should be noted that, from the direction of the signal flow, the aforementioned connection link or microstrip line between the constituent units is also a component of the calibration loop.
  • a feature difference calculation unit specifically for equating the feature difference value between the transmit calibration signal and the original transmit calibration signal of each of the transmit calibration loops of the active antenna with the feature of each transmit calibration loop
  • the relationship between the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1 and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 is calculated, and each of the active antennas on the first board and the second board is calculated.
  • a feature difference value of the transmit channel of the transceiver unit relative to the reference transmit channel in the first embodiment of the present invention, the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator m);
  • Each baseband processing module (Al l - A1M, A21 - A2N) is specifically configured to perform a feature of transmitting a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a transmission channel of a corresponding transceiver unit Pre-compensation, so that the signal characteristics of each transmission service are distributed according to a certain rule at the front end of the transceiver; Specifically, a feature difference value of a transmit channel of each of the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board relative to the reference transmit channel is provided in the baseband processing module of the M+N path.
  • the transmitting DBF module respectively invokes, including: pre-compensating the signal characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) in each of the digital baseband signals before the demodulation to cancel the transmission channel of each transceiver unit.
  • the antenna oscillator is converted into electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are synthesized in the air vector to form the required antenna emission pattern.
  • an interconnection structure as shown in FIG. 2 can be used between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2.
  • the two boards are connected in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the passive link includes a coaxial connector (mother), a coaxial connector (male), and a coaxial cable, wherein the coaxial cable has a coaxial connector (male) at each end, and the coaxial The connectors (male) are respectively connected to the coaxial connectors (female) provided on the single board 1 and the single board 2.
  • electromagnetic wave signal connections may also be used between multiplexer D1 and multiplexer D2.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to calibrating a transceiver array disposed on different boards.
  • the calibration module has a corresponding relationship with the transceiver array, that is, each transceiver array.
  • the transceiver array of the first board corresponds to the calibrator El
  • the transceiver array of the second board corresponds to the calibrator E2
  • the transceiver array M of the Mth board corresponds to the calibrator EM
  • each transceiver array is calibrated by (M-1) calibrators other than the calibrator corresponding to the transceiver array, in addition to being calibrated by the calibrator corresponding to the transceiver array.
  • the multiplexer D1 on the first board and the multiplexer D2 on the second board have the same structural shape, and the features are the same, or the difference in characteristics thereof.
  • the following formula derivation defaults to the same feature; the microstrip line (or stripline) feature from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the multiplexer 1 and the micro from the C21, C22 C2N to the multiplexer 2
  • the strip line (or strip line) has the same characteristics; and the passive link characteristics from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input A1 point of the calibrator 1 and the input A2 from C21, C22 C2N to the calibrator 2
  • the passive link characteristics of the points are the same; and, the passive link characteristics from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input A2 point of the calibrator 2 and the points from the C21, C22 C2N to the input A1 of the calibrator 1
  • the calibrator E1 is based on the relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the characteristics of each calibration loop.
  • the obtained M+N feature difference values, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 calculate the receiving channels of each transceiver unit disposed on the first board and the second board and/or Or the characteristic difference value of the transmitting channel relative to the reference receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel, and performing the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit Feature compensation; thus achieving a more accurate calibration between transceivers arranged on different boards, that is, using the characteristics of a certain receiving channel or transmitting channel as a reference, offsetting the transmission and reception of the layout on different boards
  • the difference in characteristics of the receiving channel or the transmitting channel of the signal unit further realizes that the characteristics (amplitude, phase
  • Example 2 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an active antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the active antenna includes two antenna element arrays, and a transceiver unit array (on one of the antenna elements) disposed on the single board 1.
  • combiner 1A, 1B, 1C and calibrator Fl transceiver unit array (corresponding to another antenna element array) disposed on single board 2, combiner 2A, 2B, 2C and calibration F2, calibrator F1 and calibrator F2 are connected by digital signal; combiner 1A and combiner 1B are connected by link B1, combiner 1B and combiner 1C are connected by link E1, and combiner 1B is connected to combiner 2C via link D1; combiner 2A and combiner 2B are connected by link B2, combiner 2B is connected with combiner 2C via link E2, and combiner 2B is combined
  • the router 1C is connected by a link D2; wherein the structures of the links D1, D2 are the same as those of the above-described passive link of the embodiment 1 of the present invention (see Fig. 2).
  • the following is an example of receiving and calibrating a transceiver disposed on the board 1 and the board 2 as an example:
  • the calibrator F1 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 1C, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals sequentially passes through the link El, the combiner 1B, and the chain according to the direction of signal transmission.
  • the road Bl and the combiner 1A are divided into M paths by the combiner 1A, and the M-channel receiving calibration signals respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers CI 1-C1M, and then pass through the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the receiving channel and the baseband processing module are returned to the calibrator F1; wherein the other receiving calibration signal passes through the link D2, the combiner 2B, the link B2, the combiner 2A, and the combiner 2A according to the direction of signal transmission.
  • the N way receiving calibration signal enters the front end position of the N transceiver unit through the corresponding coupler C21-C2N, and then passes through the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit and the baseband processing module, and returns to the calibrator F2.
  • the N receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the calibrator F1 by the calibrator F2 through a digital signal connection with the calibrator F1; and comparing the received M+N connections after the calibrated loop M+N characteristic difference values between the calibration signal and the original reception calibration signal; it should be noted that the digital signal connection between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 has no effect on the amplitude and phase of the signal, although the signal is delayed. It has an impact, but the effect is small and known. It should be understood that the calibrator F1 of the first single board, the combiner 1C, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, the M-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel) and the corresponding M baseband processing modules, etc.
  • the M channel receives the calibration loop; the calibrator F1 of the first board, the combiner 1C, the combiner 2B of the second board, the combiner 2A, the N-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), the corresponding The N baseband processing modules and the calibrator F2 and the like constitute an N-way reception calibration loop.
  • the calibrator F2 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 2C, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals sequentially passes through the link E2, the combiner 2B, and the chain according to the direction of signal transmission.
  • the road B2 and the combiner 2A are divided into N paths by the combiner 2A, and the N-channel receiving calibration signals respectively enter the front end position of the N-way transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers C21-C2N, and then pass through the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the receiving channel and the baseband processing module are returned to the calibrator F2; wherein the other receiving calibration signal is sequentially divided by the link D1, the combiner 1B, the link B1, and the combiner 1A according to the direction of signal transmission, and is divided by the combiner 1A.
  • M channel, M channel receiving calibration signal enters the front end position of the M channel transceiver unit through the corresponding coupler CI 1-C1M, and then passes through the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit and the baseband processing module, and returns to the calibrator Fl Transmitting the M-channel reception calibration signal to the calibrator F2 by the calibrator F1 through a digital signal connection with the calibrator F2; and comparing the received M+N characteristic difference values between the M+N receiving calibration signals after the calibration loop and the original receiving calibration signals; it should be noted that the digital signal between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 is connected to the amplitude of the signal.
  • the phase has no effect, although it has an effect on the delay of the signal, but the effect is small and known.
  • the calibration loop refers to each component through which the calibration signal flows, and the connection link between the components.
  • a feature difference calculation unit configured to calibrate according to an equivalent relationship between a characteristic difference value between a calibration signal and an original calibration signal of each of the receiving calibration loops of the active antenna and a characteristic of each of the receiving calibration loops
  • the M+N feature difference values obtained by the F1 and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F2 are calculated, and each transceiver of the active antenna on the first board and the second board is calculated.
  • the feature difference calculation unit is integrated with the calibrator F1 (the feature difference calculation unit may also be integrated with the calibrator F2);
  • Each baseband processing module (A11_A1M, A21-A2N) is configured to perform feature post-compensation on the received service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, In order to make the received signal of each channel coherently accumulate, the required antenna receiving pattern is formed, and the receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna is achieved.
  • the combiners 1A, 1B, 1C on the first board and the combiners 2A, 2B, 2C on the second board have the same structural shape;
  • the characteristics of Bl and B2 are the same, the characteristics of the links El and E2 are the same;
  • the passive link characteristics of the C22 C2N to the input terminal A2 of the calibrator F2 are the same; and the passive link characteristics from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input terminal A2 of the calibrator F2 and the slave C21, C22 C2N
  • the passive link characteristics to the point of the input A1 of the calibrator F1 are the same; and all the baseband processing modules of the single board 1 and the single board 2 have the same characteristics.
  • the TR channel B1 l of the single board 1 and the TR channel B12, the characteristics of the TR channel B1M are STR11, STR12, and STR1M, respectively;
  • the characteristics of the TR channel B21, the TR channel B22, and the TR channel B2N of the single board 2 are respectively.
  • STR2 STR22, STR2N (wherein M and N may be the same or different, that is, the number of transceiver units on the two boards may be equal or unequal);
  • the combiner is passive. On different boards, as long as the combiner has the same structural shape, its feature dispersion is small and negligible. Therefore, it can be considered that the combiner 1A and the combiner 2A have the same characteristics, and the other combiners and the like;
  • the links B1 and B2 have the same characteristics, and the links El and E2 have the same characteristics.
  • the characteristics of the microstrip line (or strip line) from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the combiner 1A are the same.
  • the microstrip line (or strip line) of C21, C22 C2N to combiner 2A has the same characteristics;
  • the links D1 and D2 are all of the structure shown in Fig. 2.
  • the cable lengths are the same and the characteristics can be the same.
  • the passive link feature SAC11 from the couplers Cl l, C12 C1M to the input A1 point of the calibrator F1 is the same as the passive link feature SAC22 from the C21, C22 C2N to the input A2 point of the calibrator F2, both are provided For SACC;
  • the passive link feature SAC12 from the coupler CI1, C12 C1M to the input A2 point of the calibrator F2 is the same as the passive link feature SAC21 from C21, C22 C2N to the input A1 point of the calibrator F1, both are provided For SACD;
  • the calibrator is common.
  • the calibrator F1 of the single board 1 is characterized by SCAL1
  • the calibrator F2 of the single board 2 is characterized by SCAL2.
  • the baseband processing module is a digital circuit. Therefore, all the baseband processing modules of the single board 1 and the single board 2 have the same or known features, and are shown by SBB for the sake of simplicity;
  • the calibrator F1 on the single board 1 calibrates the transceiver unit of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the single board 1 and the single board 2. It can be understood that after receiving the calibration loop, the received M +N schools The characteristic difference between the quasi-signal and the original calibration signal sent is SE111,
  • Calibrator F2 on the single board 2 calibrates the transceiver unit of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the single board 1 and the single board 2. It can be understood that the calibration loop is completed. After the road, the characteristic difference between the received M+N calibration signals and the original calibration signals sent is SE211, SE212, SE21M, SE22 SE222, SE22N.
  • the calibrator F 1 on the single board 1 calibrates all the M+N transceiver units of the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention on the single board 1 and the single board 2, and the following equations can be listed:
  • Equation 5
  • Equation 5 shows that the Calibrator F 1 on the board 1 can calibrate all M transceivers on the board 1.
  • STR2N - STR11 ((SE22N + SE12N) - (SE211 + SE111)) / 2 Equation 8
  • STR21, STR2 ... STR2N respectively represent the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention
  • STR 11 represents the feature of the TR channel B 11 of the active antenna on the single board 1 of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Equations 5 and 8 represent that the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the characteristics of the first transceiver of the single board 1, and all other transceivers on the two boards are characterized.
  • the cross-calibration method of the embodiment of the present invention is capable of calibrating all of the transceiver units of the transceiver array distributed on the two boards, specifically the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit.
  • the foregoing derivation process is described by taking the characteristics of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the single board 1 as an example, but is not limited thereto, and the active antenna may be used in the first board 1
  • the characteristics of the two transceivers are reference, or the characteristics of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the single board 2, etc.
  • the calibration signal is a reception calibration signal, it is calculated The characteristic difference of the receiving channel of the transceiver unit of the transceiver array distributed on the boards 1 and 2 with respect to the reference receiving channel of the active antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention; if the calibration signal is the transmitting calibration signal, the calculation is performed.
  • the difference in characteristics of the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit of the transceiver array of the active antenna distributed on the boards 1 and 2 relative to the reference transmitting channel is shown in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can not only calculate the difference between the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit of the transceiver array distributed on the boards 1 and 2 with respect to the reference receiving channel and/or the reference transmitting channel. It is also possible to calculate the characteristic difference between the calibrator F 1 disposed on the single board 1 and the calibrator F2 disposed on the single board 2.
  • B11 acts as a common "calibrator” to calibrate the difference between Calibrator F1 and Calibrator F2, but The difference in characteristics between link Bl (or B2) and link D1 (or D2) is also doped.
  • the M obtained by the calibrator F1 is based on the equivalent relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the characteristics of the calibration loop.
  • the +N feature difference values, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F2 calculate the reception of all the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiving service signal of the signal unit performs post-compensation of the signal characteristics; thereby achieving a more accurate calibration between the transceivers arranged on different boards, that is, the feature of any one of the receiving channels is used as a reference, offsetting Differentiating the characteristics of the receiving channels of all the transceiver units on different boards, further realizing the characteristics of the service signals of all receiving channels ( The amplitude, phase, and delay are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and achieving the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna.
  • Example 3 Example 3:
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of still another active antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 2 is that a combiner is omitted on each board, and the board is omitted.
  • the interconnection (transmission) of the RF signals between the boards is performed through a link D.
  • the active antenna includes two antenna element arrays, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna element arrays) disposed on the single board 1, a combiner 1A, an IB, and a calibrator El, which are arranged in a single a transceiver unit array on board 2 (corresponding to another antenna element array), combiners 2A, 2B, and calibrator E2, wherein calibrator E1 and calibrator E2 are connected by digital signals; combiner 1A and The combiner 1B is connected by the link B1, the combiner 1B is connected to the calibrator E1, and the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B are connected by the link D; the combiner 2A and the combiner 2B are connected by the link B2 The connection, the combiner 2B is connected to the calibrator E2, and the other connection relationships are the same as those in the prior art, and therefore will not be described again. As shown in FIG. 2, the structure of the link D is shown.
  • the following is an example of receiving and calibrating a transceiver disposed on the board 1 and the board 2 as an example:
  • the calibrator E1 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 1B, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals passes through the link B1 and the combiner 1A in sequence according to the direction of signal transmission.
  • the combiner 1A is divided into M paths, and the M channels receive calibration signals respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers C11-C1M, and then pass through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, and return Calibrator E1; wherein the other receiving calibration signal passes through link D, combiner 2B, link B2, combiner 2A in turn according to the direction of signal transmission, and is divided into N paths by combiner 2A, and N receives the calibration signal through
  • the corresponding couplers C21-C2N respectively enter the front end position of the N-way transceiver unit, and then pass through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, return
  • the digital signal connection between the N receives the calibration signal to the calibrator E1; and compares the received M+N received calibration signals with the original after the calibration loop
  • the M+N characteristic difference value between the calibration signals it should be noted that the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 has no influence on the amplitude and phase of the signal, although it has an influence on the delay of the signal, but the influence Small and known.
  • the M-channel receiving calibration loop is formed by the calibrator El of the first single board, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, the M-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel) and the corresponding M baseband processing modules.
  • the calibrator El of the first single board, the combiner 1B, the combiner 2B of the second single board, the combiner 2A, the N-way TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), the corresponding N baseband processing modules, and Calibrator E2 forms an N-way receive calibration loop.
  • the calibrator E2 is configured to send an original receiving calibration signal, and the original receiving calibration signal is divided into two paths by the combiner 2B, wherein one of the receiving calibration signals passes through the link B2 and the combiner 2A in sequence according to the direction of signal transmission.
  • the combiner 2A is divided into N ways, and the N-way receiving calibration signals are respectively entered into the front end position of the N-way transceiver unit through the corresponding couplers C21-C2N, and then passed through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, and are returned.
  • Calibrator E2 wherein the other receiving calibration signal passes through link D, combiner 1B, link B1, combiner 1A in turn according to the direction of signal transmission, and is divided into M path by combiner 1 A, and M path receives calibration signal
  • the corresponding couplers CI 1-C1M respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver unit, and then pass through the receiving channel and the baseband processing module of the corresponding transceiver unit, return to the calibrator E1, and pass and calibrate by the calibrator El.
  • the digital signal connection between E2 transmits the M channel receiving calibration signal to the calibrator E2; and compares the received M+N after the calibrated loop Receiving M+N characteristic difference values between the calibration signal and the original receiving calibration signal; it should be noted that the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 has no effect on the amplitude and phase of the signal, although the signal is delayed. It has an impact, but the effect is small and known.
  • the calibrator E2 of the second single board, the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, the N-channel TR channel (specifically, the receiving channel), and the corresponding N baseband processing modules constitute an N-channel receiving calibration loop.
  • the calibrator E1 constitutes an M-channel reception calibration loop.
  • the calibrator E1 is used as a main calibrator, and is further configured to be used according to the received calibration signal and the original received calibration signal of each receiving calibration loop passing through the active antenna.
  • the equivalent relationship between the feature difference value and the characteristics of each receiving calibration loop, the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 are calculated.
  • the M+N baseband processing module (Al1-A1M, A21-A2N) is configured to receive a service signal of the transceiver unit in a digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the post-compensation of the features is performed so that the received service signals can be coherently accumulated to form a desired antenna receiving pattern to achieve the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna.
  • the combiners 1A and IB on the first board and the combiners 2A and 2B on the second board have the same structural shape; the characteristics of the links B1 and B2 Same; the characteristics of the microstrip line (or strip line) from the coupler CI 1 , C12 C1M to the combiner 1A and from C21,
  • the microstrip line (or strip line) of C22 C2N to combiner 2A has the same characteristics; and the passive link characteristics from the couplers CI 1 and C12 C1M to the input point A1 of the calibrator E1 are from C21,
  • the M+N baseband processing module (A11-A1M, A21-A2N) is further used to sequentially issue M+N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals (it is required that each baseband processing module issues an original transmission) Calibration signal), the original transmission calibration signal flows into the corresponding transmission channel (B11-B1M, B21-B2N) according to the signal transmission direction, and reaches the corresponding coupler (C11-C1M, C21-C2N), on the board 1
  • the M-channel transmission calibration signal is combined by the combiner 1A to generate a transmission calibration signal, which is transmitted to the combiner 1B through the link B1, and splits into two paths through the combiner 1B, wherein one of the transmission calibration signals returns to the calibration.
  • the road transmission calibration signal reaches the combiner 2B through the link D, and returns to the calibrator E2; the N-channel transmission calibration signal on the single board 2 synthesizes one transmission calibration signal through the combiner 2A, and the transmission calibration signal passes through the link.
  • B2 is transmitted to combiner 2B and split into two paths through combiner 2B, one of which transmits a calibration signal back to calibrator E2, wherein the other transmits a calibration signal through link D to combiner 1B and returns to the calibrator El.
  • the M baseband processing module of the first single board, the corresponding M-channel TR channel (specifically, the transmitting channel), the combiner 1A, the combiner 1B, and the calibrator E1 constitute an M-channel emission calibration loop.
  • M; baseband processing module of the first single board, corresponding M-channel TR channel (specifically, transmitting channel), combiner 1A, combiner 1B, combiner 2B of the second single board, and calibrator E2 Etc. constitutes an M-channel emission calibration loop;
  • the N baseband processing modules of the second single board, the corresponding N-way TR channels (specifically, the transmitting channels), the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B, and the calibrator E2 constitute an N-way transmitting calibration loop.
  • the N baseband processing module of the second board, the corresponding N-channel TR channel (specifically, the transmitting channel), the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B, the combiner IB, and the calibrator El constitute an N-way transmission Calibrate the loop. It should be noted that, from the direction of the signal flow, the aforementioned connection link or microstrip line between the constituent units is also a component of the calibration loop.
  • the calibrator El is further configured to receive the M-channel emission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the first antenna through the active antenna, and to transmit the link D between the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B
  • the N-channel transmission calibration signal after the active antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the second board, and compared with the original transmission calibration signal of the M+N channel respectively, to obtain M+N characteristic difference values.
  • the value of M is the number of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna in the first board
  • the value of N is the number of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna in the second board;
  • the calibrator E2 is further configured to receive an N-channel emission calibration signal after the transmission calibration loop of the second antenna through the active antenna, and pass the link D between the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B M-channel transmission after the active calibration antenna is transmitted through the calibration loop of the first board
  • the signals are calibrated and compared with the M+N original transmission calibration signals, respectively, to obtain M+N feature difference values.
  • the calibrator E1 is used as a main calibrator, and is further configured to: according to a characteristic difference value between each of the emission calibration signal and the original transmission calibration signal of each of the emission calibration loops passing through the active antenna Equivalent relationship between the characteristics of the transmitting calibration loop, M+N characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and M+N characteristic difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, and the active antenna is calculated in the first single a characteristic difference value of a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit on the board and the second board with respect to the reference transmitting channel;
  • Each baseband processing module (A11_A1M, A21-A2N) is further configured to perform feature pre-compensation on the transmit service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of a transmit channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. So that the signal characteristics of each transmission service are distributed according to a certain rule at the front end of the transceiver.
  • the calibrator E1 obtains the M according to the equivalent relationship between the characteristic difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the characteristics of the calibration loop.
  • the +N feature difference values, and the M+N feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 calculate the reception of all the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first board and the second board in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signal and/or the transmitted service signal are subjected to feature compensation; thereby achieving a more accurate calibration between the transceivers arranged on different boards, that is, the feature of any one of the receiving channels is used as a reference, and the layout is offset.
  • the difference in characteristics of the receiving channels and/or the transmitting channels of all transceiver units on the board further realizes the characteristics of the service signals of all receiving channels ( The degree, phase, and delay are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and achieving the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna; further realizing Make the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) of all transmitted signals modulated and amplified by the transmitting channel at the front end of the transceiver (antenna oscillator and The duplexers in the transceiver channel are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, and are converted into electromagnetic waves by the antenna oscillator, and the electromagnetic waves are synthesized in the air vector to form a required antenna emission pattern.
  • the transceiver array can be arranged on multiple boards, for example, the first to the Kth (K is greater than or equal to
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a peripheral of a combiner when the transceiver array is arranged on three boards in the active antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the combiner 1A, the combiner IB and the calibrator E1 are arranged on the first board
  • the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B and the calibrator E2 are arranged on the second board.
  • the roadside 3A, the combiner 3B, and the calibrator E3 are disposed on the third board.
  • the other connections on the board are the same as those in the previous embodiment, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the combiner 1B disposed on the first board and the combiner 2B disposed on the second board are connected through the link D12 to realize the transmission of the calibration signal between the boards;
  • the combiner 1B on the board and the combiner 3B disposed on the third board are connected by the link D13 to realize the transmission of the inter-board calibration signal;
  • the combiner 2B and the setting provided on the second board The combiner 3B on the third board is connected through the link D23 to realize the transmission of the inter-board calibration signal; and the calibrators disposed on the board can be connected by the signal lines CAL12, CAL13, CAL23.
  • CAL13 can also be omitted, so that the interconnection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E3 is relayed through the calibrator E2.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be analogized to four single boards or more single boards.
  • the active antenna of the embodiment of the present invention when the transceiver array is arranged on three boards, the physical structure of the combiner is as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the calibration scheme refer to the foregoing embodiment, and therefore no further details are provided.
  • a calibration method is applied to: first to Kth transceiver unit arrays respectively corresponding to the first to Kth boards, corresponding to the first To the active antenna of the Kth multiplexer and the corresponding 1st to Kth calibrators, ⁇ is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising:
  • S601 Obtain, by the first to the third calibrators, a characteristic difference value between the calibration signals and the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the second boards, wherein The value of ⁇ is the number of all transceiver units of the first to second transceiver unit arrays;
  • the reference receive channel and/or transmit channel herein are the receive and/or transmit channels of any of the transceiver units included in the first to the first ⁇ transceiver unit arrays, respectively.
  • the difference in characteristics here is reflected by the amplitude, phase, and delay of the transceiver unit (specifically, the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel).
  • S603 Perform feature compensation on the service signal of the transceiver unit in the digital domain according to a characteristic difference value of the receiving channel and/or the transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the method further comprises: issuing, by each calibrator, an original reception calibration signal, the original reception calibration signal passing through the active antenna in the present order
  • the multiplexer of the board is divided into multiple paths, respectively entering the receiving calibration loop of the active antenna on the board; and the original receiving calibration signal is transmitted to the ⁇ through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer
  • the multiplexers of the multiplexers other than the multiplexer are divided into multiple channels by each of the other multiplexers, and respectively enter the receiving calibration loop of the active antennas on each of the other boards;
  • the S601 obtains a characteristic difference value between the calibration signals and the original calibration signal after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to the second boards.
  • the method includes: receiving P receiving calibration signals after all receiving calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to Kth boards, and comparing P between the P receiving calibration signals and the original receiving calibration signals Feature difference values.
  • the method further comprises: sequentially transmitting, by each baseband processing module, an original transmission calibration signal at a predetermined delay interval, the original transmission calibration signal according to the signal The transmission direction flows into the corresponding transmission channel;
  • the P feature difference values between the P calibration signals and the original calibration signals after all the calibration loops of the active antennas on the first to Kth boards are obtained in S601,
  • the method includes: receiving an I-channel transmission calibration signal after the transmit calibration loop of the active antenna on the board, where the value of I is the number of all transmit channels of the active antenna on the board, and receiving The (PI) path transmitted by the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer and the multiplexer transmits a calibration signal, and is respectively compared with the P-channel original transmission calibration signal to obtain P characteristic difference values.
  • S602 includes:
  • the matrix operation of the array is used to obtain the receiving channels and/or the transmitting channels of each transceiver unit disposed on each board relative to the reference respectively.
  • a feature difference value of the receive channel and/or the transmit channel wherein the one-dimensional array represents a feature of each component through which the signal transmission in the corresponding calibration loop passes, a calibration signal passing through the calibration loop, and the original calibration signal Characteristic difference value.
  • the components herein include: a multiplexer, a TR channel, a baseband processing module, a calibrator, and a connection link between the aforementioned components in accordance with the direction of signal flow.
  • the relationship between the feature difference value between the calibration signal and the original calibration signal of each calibration loop and the feature of each calibration loop is calculated and arranged on different boards.
  • the feature of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the receiving channel or the transmitting channel of the transceiver unit arranged on different boards, and further realize the service signals of all receiving channels.
  • the characteristics (amplitude, phase, delay) are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and achieving the receiving sensitivity index of the entire antenna; further
  • the characteristics (amplitude, phase, and delay) of the transmitted signals modulated and amplified by all the transmitting channels are equalized at the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer), or distributed according to a certain rule, through the antenna oscillator It is converted into electromagnetic waves, which are synthesized in the air vector to form the required antenna emission pattern.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a calibration method according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another calibration method, which is applied to the active antenna shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes:
  • the original receiving calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D1 and the M couplers on the single board 1 to respectively enter the front end position of the M transceiver on the single board 1;
  • the original receiving calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D1, the multiplexer
  • the electromagnetic connection between the D1 and the multiplexer D2, the multiplexer D2, and the N couplers on the board 2 respectively enter the front end position of the N-way transceiver on the single board 2;
  • the original receiving calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D2 and the N couplers on the board 2, respectively, and enters the N-channel transceiver front end position on the board 2; the original receiving calibration signal is multiplexed through the multiplexer D2.
  • the electromagnetic connection between the device D2 and the multiplexer D1, the multiplexer D1, and the M couplers on the board 1 respectively enter the front end position of the M-channel transceiver on the single board 1;
  • S703 receiving the calibration signal through the receiving channel of each transceiver on the single board 1 and the single board 2, the baseband processing module, and reaching the calibrator E1;
  • S703' receiving the calibration signal through the receiving channel of each transceiver on the single board 1 and the single board 2, the baseband processing module, to the calibrator E2;
  • the calibrator m compares the characteristic difference between the original received calibration signal and the received reception calibration signal to obtain N+M one-dimensional arrays;
  • S705 N+M one-dimensional arrays obtained by S704 and N+M one-dimensional arrays obtained by S704', and matrix operations of the arrays are performed to obtain all transceiver units of the active antennas on the single board 1 and the single board 2. Characteristic difference value of the difference in the characteristics of the receiving channel;
  • the baseband processing modules respectively compensate the characteristics of the received service signal according to the feature difference values of the respective receiving channels, so that the received service signals can be coherently accumulated.
  • the matrix operation of the array is used to obtain the reception of each transceiver unit disposed on each board.
  • the channel is respectively compared with the characteristic difference value of the reference receiving channel, and the feature of the receiving service signal of the transceiver unit is compensated according to the characteristic difference value of the receiving channel of the transceiver unit; thereby realizing arrangement on different boards
  • the more precise calibration between the transceivers that is, the feature of a certain receiving channel is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the receiving channels of the transceiver units arranged on different boards, further realizing
  • the characteristics (amplitude, phase, and delay) of the service signals of all receiving channels are equal, or distributed according to a certain rule, thereby realizing the coherent accumulation of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and reaching the entire antenna.
  • Receive sensitivity indicator is an indicator of the M+N channel receiving service signals, forming the required antenna receiving pattern, and reaching the entire antenna.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another calibration method, which is applied to the active antenna shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 8, the method includes:
  • All M+N baseband processing modules sequentially send M+N original transmission calibration signals at predetermined delay intervals, and reach corresponding couplers and corresponding multiplexers through corresponding transmission channels;
  • the M channel on the single board 1 transmits a calibration signal, returns to the calibrator El through the multiplexer D1, and transmits the calibration signal through the N channels on the single board 2, through the multiplexer D2, the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexers, The multiplexer D1 returns to the calibrator E1;
  • S802' N-channel transmission calibration signal on the single board 2, returning to the calibrator E2 through the multiplexer D2, and the M-channel transmitting calibration signal on the single board 1 through the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer The multiplexer D2 returns to the calibrator E2;
  • the calibrator E1 compares the received M+N channel transmission calibration signal with the M+N channel original transmission calibration signal sent by the baseband processing module to obtain M+N one-dimensional arrays;
  • the calibrator E2 compares the received M+N channel transmission calibration signal with the M+N channel original transmission calibration signal sent by the baseband processing module to obtain M+N one-dimensional arrays;
  • S804 M+N one-dimensional arrays obtained by S803 and S803, the obtained M+N one-dimensional arrays are subjected to matrix operation of the array to obtain characteristics of all the transmitting channels of the active antenna on the single board 1 and the single board 2. Characteristic difference value of difference;
  • each baseband processing module pre-compensates the characteristics of the transmitted service signal according to the feature difference values of the respective transmit channels, so that the characteristics of the transmitted service signals are distributed according to a certain rule at the front end of the transceiver.
  • the matrix operation of the array is used to obtain the transmission channels of each transceiver unit disposed on each board.
  • the feature of a certain transmitting channel is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the transmitting channels of the transceiver unit arranged on different boards, and further realizes the characteristics of the transmitted signals modulated and amplified by all the transmitting channels ( Amplitude, phase, delay) are equal in the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer in the transceiver channel), or distributed according to a certain rule, converted into electromagnetic waves by the antenna oscillator, and the electromagnetic waves are synthesized in the air vector.
  • Required antenna emission pattern is used as a reference to offset the difference in the characteristics of the transmitting channels of the transceiver unit arranged on different boards, and further realizes the characteristics of the transmitted signals modulated and amplified by all the transmitting channels ( Amplitude, phase, delay) are equal in the front end of the transceiver (between the antenna oscillator and the duplexer in the transceiver channel), or distributed according to a certain rule, converted into electromagnetic waves by the antenna oscill
  • transceiver array A disposed on one board and the transceiver array B disposed on the other board form a unified transceiver array C.
  • the calibration signal in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a pseudo random code or a single tone.
  • the above storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a read-only memory.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé d'étalonnage et sur une antenne active, l'antenne active comprenant : K réseaux de résonateurs d'antenne, les premier à Kième réseaux d'unités d'émetteur-récepteur correspondant aux réseaux de résonateurs d'antenne; les premier à Kième dispositifs d'étalonnage qui sont utilisés pour obtenir P valeurs de différence de caractères entre P signaux d'étalonnage après passage à travers toutes les boucles d'étalonnage de l'antenne active et le signal d'étalonnage original; une unité de calcul de différence de caractères, qui est utilisée pour calculer les valeurs de différence de caractères du canal de réception et/ou du canal de transmission de chaque unité d'émetteur-récepteur par rapport à un canal de réception de référence et/ou un canal d'émission respectivement, et des modules de traitement en bande de base, qui sont utilisés pour effectuer une compensation de caractères sur des signaux d'opération des unités de d'émetteur-récepteur dans le domaine numérique. Avec les modes de réalisation de la présente invention, des différences de caractères entre tous les émetteurs-récepteurs peuvent être calculées lorsque les réseaux d'émetteurs-récepteurs sont disposés sur de multiples cartes uniques respectivement, de telle sorte qu'un étalonnage comparativement précis peut être effectué sur les réseaux d'émetteurs-récepteurs lorsque les réseaux d'émetteurs-récepteurs sont disposés sur de multiples cartes uniques.
PCT/CN2009/071412 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 Procédé d'étalonnage et antenne active Ceased WO2010121425A1 (fr)

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CN200980156434.8A CN102326293B (zh) 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 一种校准方法及有源天线
EP09839841.5A EP2270923B1 (fr) 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 Procédé d'étalonnage et antenne active
ES09839841T ES2415131T3 (es) 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 Método de calibración y antena activa
PCT/CN2009/071412 WO2010121425A1 (fr) 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 Procédé d'étalonnage et antenne active

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US12/849,024 Continuation US7884572B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2010-08-03 Hot spot device

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WO2012174744A1 (fr) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 华为技术有限公司 Appareil pour étalonner des émetteurs-récepteurs radio et procédé pour déterminer des différences de signal caractéristiques occasionnées par des émetteurs-récepteurs radio
WO2013091581A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 华为技术有限公司 Antenne active et procédé de traitement de signal correspondant
CN103594823A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-19 华为技术有限公司 模块化的天线系统
CN105432138A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2016-03-23 华为技术有限公司 单板、无线通信系统及单板内外的通道校正方法
CN105634628A (zh) * 2011-06-24 2016-06-01 华为技术有限公司 Trx校准设备和trx引起的信号特征差异情况确定方法
CN109188328A (zh) * 2018-08-07 2019-01-11 西安交通大学 一种基于介质集成波导的可调互调校准源

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EP2987202B1 (fr) 2013-04-15 2018-10-17 Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy Étalonnage de système d'antenne
GB2519946A (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-13 Socowave Technologies Ltd Active antenna system and methods of testing
CN106463821B (zh) 2014-06-04 2019-10-18 艾赖斯股份有限公司 模块化天线系统及信号处理的方法
WO2015184632A1 (fr) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et dispositif d'étalonnage conjoint des canaux d'une pluralité d'antennes actives
CN109088679A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-25 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 有源阵列天线校准系统、方法、装置及有源阵列天线系统
CN109347552A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-02-15 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 一种光调制分析仪通道时延测量装置及方法
CN112702237B (zh) * 2020-12-24 2023-02-17 上海创远仪器技术股份有限公司 实现针对mimo通信系统通道间时延和相位差进行计算测量的方法
IT202100014927A1 (it) 2021-06-08 2022-12-08 Commscope Technologies Llc Sistemi e metodi per la generazione di dati di calibrazione in moduli antenna attiva aventi all'interno schiere di filtri lato antenna

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WO2012174744A1 (fr) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 华为技术有限公司 Appareil pour étalonner des émetteurs-récepteurs radio et procédé pour déterminer des différences de signal caractéristiques occasionnées par des émetteurs-récepteurs radio
CN105634628A (zh) * 2011-06-24 2016-06-01 华为技术有限公司 Trx校准设备和trx引起的信号特征差异情况确定方法
CN105634628B (zh) * 2011-06-24 2018-05-11 华为技术有限公司 Trx校准设备和trx引起的信号特征差异情况确定方法
WO2013091581A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 华为技术有限公司 Antenne active et procédé de traitement de signal correspondant
CN102684800A (zh) * 2012-03-16 2012-09-19 中兴通讯股份有限公司 有源天线系统下行、上行无线指标的测试方法及装置
CN102684800B (zh) * 2012-03-16 2016-12-14 南京中兴软件有限责任公司 有源天线系统下行、上行无线指标的测试方法及装置
CN103594823A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-19 华为技术有限公司 模块化的天线系统
CN105432138A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2016-03-23 华为技术有限公司 单板、无线通信系统及单板内外的通道校正方法
CN105432138B (zh) * 2013-11-08 2020-06-02 华为技术有限公司 单板、无线通信系统及单板内外的通道校正方法
CN109188328A (zh) * 2018-08-07 2019-01-11 西安交通大学 一种基于介质集成波导的可调互调校准源
CN109188328B (zh) * 2018-08-07 2020-03-17 西安交通大学 一种基于介质集成波导的可调互调校准源

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ES2415131T3 (es) 2013-07-24
EP2270923A4 (fr) 2012-08-01
EP2270923A1 (fr) 2011-01-05
CN102326293A (zh) 2012-01-18
CN102326293B (zh) 2013-08-07
EP2270923B1 (fr) 2013-04-17

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