WO2010114170A1 - 亜鉛系めっき鋼板 - Google Patents
亜鉛系めっき鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010114170A1 WO2010114170A1 PCT/JP2010/056278 JP2010056278W WO2010114170A1 WO 2010114170 A1 WO2010114170 A1 WO 2010114170A1 JP 2010056278 W JP2010056278 W JP 2010056278W WO 2010114170 A1 WO2010114170 A1 WO 2010114170A1
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- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- compound
- zinc
- surface treatment
- mass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/62—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/48—Stabilisers against degradation by oxygen, light or heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
- C23C2222/20—Use of solutions containing silanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12757—Fe
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
- Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
Definitions
- the present invention is used for automobiles, home appliances, building materials, and the like, and has been subjected to a surface treatment that does not contain any pollution-controlling substances such as hexavalent chromium in a surface treatment film formed on the surface of a zinc-based plated steel sheet.
- the present invention relates to a zinc-based plated steel sheet that is suitable for applications that require prevention of electromagnetic wave leakage (EMI), such as electrical and electronic equipment, and has excellent electromagnetic shielding properties and excellent corrosion resistance.
- EMI electromagnetic wave leakage
- VCCI Information Processing Equipment
- the shield box shields electromagnetic waves when the conductive material constituting the shield box reflects the electromagnetic waves. Moreover, the higher the conductivity of the material constituting the shield box, the higher the reflectivity of the electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic wave shielding property is improved. Therefore, in order to ensure the electromagnetic shielding properties of the shield box, it is important that the metal plate constituting the shield box has high conductivity.
- the shield box since the shield box is manufactured by molding a metal plate, it has a discontinuous portion (seam or joint), and electromagnetic waves are likely to leak or enter from the discontinuous portion. For this reason, in a shield box, a conductive gasket is usually inserted in a discontinuous portion to prevent leakage and intrusion of electromagnetic waves.
- the shielding property of the shield box it is necessary to have a structure in which a desired current can be passed through the entire shield box.
- the contact portion between the metal body and the gasket is usually low in contact pressure, the electrical conductivity between the metal body and the gasket (hereinafter simply referred to as “conductivity”) is inferior, and the amount of current flowing through the contact portion is low. Tend to be. Therefore, in addition to ensuring the conductivity of the metal plate constituting the shield box, securing the conductivity between the metal plate and the gasket is important for further improving the performance of the shield box.
- the metal body (steel plate) constituting the shield box is required to have high conductivity and further conductivity with the gasket.
- the film formed on the steel plate surface by chromate treatment is less conductive than the base steel plate, but the film formed by chromate treatment exhibits rust prevention performance even if the film thickness is thin. Is possible.
- conductivity comparable to that of a steel sheet (without surface treatment) can be obtained by making the coating inferior in conductivity as thin as possible. Therefore, it was possible to achieve both rust prevention performance and electromagnetic shielding properties.
- due to recent global environmental problems there is an increasing demand for adopting non-polluted surface-treated steel sheets that do not depend on chromate treatment, so-called chromium-free treated steel sheets.
- Patent Document 1 Technology for forming a film from a coating solution obtained by reacting an organic resin such as a polyvinylphenol derivative with an acid component, an epoxy compound, and a silane coupling agent or a vanadium compound
- Patent Document 2 Patent Document 3
- Patent Document 4 Technology for forming a film containing an aqueous resin, a thiocarbonyl group, a vanadic acid compound, and phosphoric acid
- Patent Document 5 Technology for forming a film from a treatment liquid containing a metal compound such as Ti and an inorganic acid and organic acid such as fluoride and phosphate compound
- Patent Document 6 Patent Document 7, Patent Document 8, Patent Document 9, Patent (Reference 10, Patent Reference 11, Patent Reference 12)
- Patent Document 9 Patent (Reference 10, Patent Reference 11, Patent Reference 12)
- Patent Document 13 discloses a technique for forming a composite film composed of a specific inhibitor component and a silica / zirconium compound.
- Films formed by these techniques aim to suppress the occurrence of zinc white rust by the combined addition of organic or inorganic components.
- the techniques (1) and (2) described above are mainly used. Corrosion resistance is ensured by adding organic resin.
- the organic resin has an insulating property. Therefore, a steel plate on which such a film is formed does not have sufficient conductivity, and is not suitable as a material for a shield box.
- a passivating action of a vanadate compound and a sparingly soluble metal salt by a phosphate compound are used as an inhibitor component, and a composite film of a zirconium compound, fine-particle silica, and a silane coupling agent is formed as a skeleton film. It has excellent corrosion resistance. However, in order to ensure conductivity, it is necessary to reduce the film thickness, and it is difficult to achieve both corrosion resistance and conductivity.
- the present invention solves the above problems, has no pollution control substances such as hexavalent chromium on the surface of the zinc-based plating, has corrosion resistance, and various performances of adhesion, and in particular, without reducing the corrosion resistance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a galvanized steel sheet having a surface-treated film that is excellent in electrical conductivity even under severe conditions in which a gasket or the like is in contact with the steel sheet at a low contact pressure.
- the present inventors have found that a water-soluble zirconium compound, a tetraalkoxysilane, a compound having an epoxy group, a chelating agent, a vanadate compound, a metal compound, etc.
- the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using an alkaline surface treating agent containing, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (5).
- the mass ratio (A / B) between the Zr-converted mass of the water-soluble zirconium compound (A) and the tetraalkoxysilane (B) is 1.0 to 6.0.
- the mass ratio (B / C) of the tetraalkoxysilane (B) and the epoxy group-containing compound (C) is 0.1 to 1.6.
- the mass ratio (B / D) of the tetraalkoxysilane (B) to the chelating agent (D) is 0.3 to 2.0.
- the mass ratio (E / D) of the vanadate compound (E) in terms of V to the chelating agent (D) is 0.03 to 1.0.
- the mass ratio (F / D) between the total metal equivalent mass of the metal compound (F) and the chelating agent (D) is 0.05 to 0.8.
- A is the mass of the water-soluble zirconium compound (A) in terms of Zr
- B is the mass of the tetraalkoxysilane (B)
- C is the mass of the compound having an epoxy group (C)
- D is the mass of the chelating agent (D)
- E is the V equivalent mass of the vanadic acid compound (E)
- F is the total metal equivalent mass of the metal compound (F).
- the surface treatment agent further contains a lubricant (G), and the lubricant (G) is contained in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass based on the total solid content of the surface treatment agent ( The zinc-based plated steel sheet according to 1) or (2).
- the surface treatment agent further contains a nonionic acrylic resin emulsion (H), and the nonionic acrylic resin emulsion (H) is 0.5 to 45.0 based on the total solid content of the surface treatment agent.
- the galvanized steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the galvanized steel sheet is contained by mass%.
- the zinc-based plated steel sheet has various performances such as corrosion resistance and adhesion, and is excellent in electrical conductivity even under severe conditions in which the steel sheet comes into contact with a gasket or the like at a low contact pressure without particularly reducing the corrosion resistance. Can be provided.
- the present invention is described in detail below. First, the galvanized steel sheet of the present invention will be described.
- the zinc-based plated steel sheet according to the present invention includes a water-soluble zirconium compound (A), a tetraalkoxysilane (B), an epoxy group-containing compound (C), a chelating agent (D), and a vanadate compound (E). And a surface treatment agent containing a metal compound (F) containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al, and Zn, applied onto the surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and dried by heating.
- a galvanized steel sheet having excellent conductivity with a coating having an adhesion amount per side of 50 to 1200 mg / m 2 .
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention will be described.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention contains a water-soluble zirconium compound (A).
- A water-soluble zirconium compound
- the type of the water-soluble zirconium compound (A) used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- zirconium nitrate, zirconium oxynitrate, zirconyl acetate, zirconyl sulfate, zirconium carbonate, zirconyl ammonium carbonate, zirconyl potassium carbonate, zirconyl sodium carbonate And zircon hydrofluoric acid and one or more of these can be used.
- zirconyl ammonium carbonate and sodium zirconyl carbonate are preferable in that the corrosion resistance and conductivity of the galvanized steel sheet are more excellent.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention contains tetraalkoxysilane (B).
- B tetraalkoxysilane
- the kind of tetraalkoxysilane (B) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has four alkoxy groups in one molecule. Tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane One or more of these can be used.
- the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms. That is, tetraethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane are preferable from the viewpoint that the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet is more excellent.
- the content of the water-soluble zirconium (A) and the tetraalkoxysilane (B) used in the surface treatment agent of the present invention is the mass ratio of the total Zr-converted mass of the water-soluble zirconium (A) and the tetraalkoxysilane (B).
- (A / B) is 1.0 to 6.0, more preferably 1.6 to 3.1.
- the surface treating agent used in the present invention contains a compound (C) having an epoxy group.
- a film is formed on the surface of a zinc-based plated steel sheet using a surface treatment agent containing a compound (C) having an epoxy group together with the water-soluble zirconium and tetraalkoxysilane, the corrosion resistance of the steel sheet and the excellent in various performances of corrosion resistance of the steel sheet, in particular, adhesion, resistance to scratching resistance, and lubricity to a film excellent can be formed on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet.
- the kind of the compound (C) having an epoxy group used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the content of the compound (C) having an epoxy group used in the present invention is the mass ratio (B / C) of the mass of the tetraalkoxysilane (B) and the total mass of the compound (C) having an epoxy group, It is 0.1 to 1.6, and more preferably 0.2 to 1.2.
- the mass ratio is less than 0.1, a galvanized steel sheet excellent in corrosion resistance cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 1.6, the adhesion of the film is lowered.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention contains a chelating agent (D).
- a surface treatment agent having excellent storage stability storage stability
- storage stability storage stability
- the chelating agent (D) is presumed to have an effect of inhibiting the tetraalkoxysilane (B) from being polymerized in the surface treatment agent, and the surface is caused by the effect. It is presumed that the quality at the time of preparation is maintained without deterioration even when the treatment agent is stored for a long time after preparation.
- the chelating agent (D) is necessary for stably dissolving the vanadic acid compound (E) and the metal compound (F) in the surface treatment agent.
- the chelating agent (D) has less etching action on the surface of the galvanized layer than inorganic acids such as nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid, and does not form a nonconductive film such as zinc phosphate. . Therefore, it is estimated that the zinc-based plated steel sheet having a film formed using the surface treatment agent containing the chelating agent (D) exhibits more excellent conductivity.
- the type of chelating agent (D) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as tartaric acid and malic acid, dicarboxylic acids such as monocarboxylic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and adipic acid.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids such as tartaric acid and malic acid
- dicarboxylic acids such as monocarboxylic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and adipic acid.
- polycarboxylic acids such as acids or tricarboxylic acids and aminocarboxylic acids such as glycine, phosphonic acids or phosphonates
- a compound having two or more carboxyl groups or phosphonic acid groups in one molecule is preferable from the viewpoints of storage stability (storage stability) of the surface treatment agent and corrosion resistance and conductivity of the zinc-based plated steel sheet.
- the content of the chelating agent (D) used in the present invention is such that the mass ratio (B / D) of the mass of the tetraalkoxysilane (B) to the total mass of the chelating agent (D) is 0.3 to 2.0. And more preferably 0.5 to 1.8. When the mass ratio is less than 0.3 or more than 2.0, a galvanized steel sheet excellent in corrosion resistance cannot be obtained.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention contains a vanadic acid compound (E).
- the vanadic acid compound (E) is present in the film formed on the surface of the zinc-based plated steel sheet, uniformly dispersed in a form that is easily dissolved in water, and exhibits a so-called inhibitory effect during zinc corrosion.
- Examples of the vanadate compound (E) used in the present invention include ammonium metavanadate and sodium metavanadate, and one or more of these can be used.
- the content of the vanadic acid compound (E) used in the present invention is such that the mass ratio (E / D) of the V-converted mass of the vanadic acid compound (E) and the total mass of the chelating agent (D) is 0.00. It is 03 to 1.0, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.71. When the mass ratio is less than 0.03, a galvanized steel sheet excellent in corrosion resistance cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 1.0, it becomes difficult to dissolve the vanadic acid compound in the surface treatment agent.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention contains a metal compound (F) containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al and Zn. By containing these metal components, it is possible to provide a zinc-based plated steel sheet having excellent corrosion resistance (particularly, a processed part).
- the metal compound (F) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal compound containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al and Zn.
- metal compounds containing Ti include titanyl sulfate, titanyl nitrate, titanium nitrate, titanyl chloride, titanium chloride, titania sol, titanium oxide, potassium oxalate titanate, titanium hydrofluoric acid, ammonium titanium fluoride, titanium lactate, titanium tetra Examples include isopropoxide, titanium acetylacetonate, and diisopropyltitanium bisacetylacetone. Moreover, metatitanic acid obtained by thermally hydrolyzing an aqueous solution of titanyl sulfate, orthotitanic acid obtained by alkali neutralization, and salts thereof are also included.
- Examples of the metal compound containing Al include aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum phosphate, and aluminum chloride.
- metal compounds containing Zn include zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc phosphate, and zinc is an amphoteric metal. Examples thereof include sodium and potassium zincate. One or more of these can be mixed and used.
- the content of the metal compound (F) used in the present invention is such that the mass ratio (F / D) of the total metal equivalent mass of the metal compound (F) and the total mass of the chelating agent (D) is 0.05 to 0.8, and more preferably 0.17 to 0.34.
- the mass ratio is less than 0.05, a galvanized steel sheet excellent in corrosion resistance cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 0.8, it is difficult to dissolve the metal compound (F) in the surface treatment agent.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention has a pH of 8 to 10, more preferably a pH of 8.2 to 9.5.
- the pH of the treatment liquid is less than 8
- the storage stability (storage stability) of the surface treatment agent, the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet, and the adhesion of the film formed on the steel sheet surface are reduced.
- the pH exceeds 10 or becomes acidic the etching of zinc becomes remarkable, and the corrosion resistance and conductivity of the galvanized steel sheet are lowered.
- the alkali used for adjusting the pH is preferably ammonium, an amine, an amine derivative, or an aminopolycarboxylic acid, and the acid is preferably selected from the above-described chelating agents (D).
- the film formed on the surface of the galvanized layer of the present invention is adjusted so that the adhesion amount per side is 50 to 1200 mg / m 2 , preferably 100 to 900 mg / m 2 , more preferably 100 It is adjusted to ⁇ 500 mg / m 2 or less.
- the amount is less than 50 mg / m 2, the effect of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the amount exceeds 1200 mg / m 2 , the effect is saturated and economically disadvantageous. There may be a decrease in conductivity.
- the surface treating agent used in the present invention can be added with a lubricant (G) in order to improve the lubricating performance.
- a lubricant examples include solid lubricants such as polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, oxidized polypropylene wax, carnauba wax, paraffin wax, montan wax, rice wax, Teflon (registered trademark) wax, carbon disulfide, and graphite.
- solid lubricants such as polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, oxidized polypropylene wax, carnauba wax, paraffin wax, montan wax, rice wax, Teflon (registered trademark) wax, carbon disulfide, and graphite.
- these solid lubricants one or more kinds can be used.
- the content of the lubricant (G) used in the present invention is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 3 to 7% by mass, based on the total solid content of the surface treatment agent.
- the amount is 1% by mass or more, the lubrication performance is improved.
- the amount is 10% by mass or less, the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet is not lowered.
- the surface treating agent used in the present invention can contain a nonionic acrylic resin emulsion (H) for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance of the film formed on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet.
- the type of nonionic acrylic resin emulsion is not particularly limited.
- a nonionic surfactant having a vinyl monomer such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, styrene, or the like in the structure of polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide.
- an acrylic resin emulsified with a nonionic emulsifier such as an aqueous emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization in water can be used.
- Content of nonionic acrylic resin emulsion (H) used for this invention is 0.5-45.0 mass% with respect to the total solid of a surface treating agent, and is 1.0-40.0 mass%. More preferably, it is more preferably 4.5% by mass or less. When the content is 0.5% by mass or more, the effect of improving the wettability of the surface treatment agent is obtained, and when it is 45.0% by mass or less, the conductivity of the galvanized steel sheet is not lowered.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention is obtained by mixing the above-described components in water such as deionized water or distilled water. What is necessary is just to select the solid content ratio of a surface treating agent suitably.
- the surface treatment agent used in the present invention may be added with alcohol, ketone, cellosolve water-soluble solvent, surfactant, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, antibacterial and fungicidal agent, coloring agent, and the like as necessary. Also good. By adding these, the drying property, coating appearance, workability, storage stability (storage stability), and design properties of the surface treatment agent are improved. However, it is important to add them to such an extent that the quality obtained in the present invention is not impaired, and the addition amount is less than 5% by mass based on the total solid content of the surface treatment agent.
- the coating amount is adjusted by spraying a roll coating method, a burnet method, or a surface treatment agent onto a zinc-based plated steel sheet and blowing a roll squeeze or gas at a high pressure.
- a method of adjusting the coating amount by dipping in a surface treatment agent and, in some cases, blowing off an excess surface treatment agent with compressed air may be mentioned.
- the zinc-based plated steel sheet may be subjected to a pretreatment intended to remove oil or dirt on the surface of the zinc-based plated steel sheet.
- a pretreatment intended to remove oil or dirt on the surface of the zinc-based plated steel sheet.
- Zinc-based plated steel sheets are often coated with rust-preventive oil for the purpose of rust prevention.
- rust preventive oil there are oil and dirt adhered during the work.
- the pretreatment method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hot water washing, solvent washing, and alkaline degreasing washing.
- the heating temperature (maximum ultimate plate temperature) for drying the coating formed on the surface of the zinc-based plated steel sheet of the present invention is usually 60 to 200 ° C, and more preferably 80 to 180 ° C.
- the heating temperature is 60 ° C. or higher, moisture as a main solvent does not remain, and a decrease in corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet is not observed.
- the heating temperature is 200 ° C. or lower, there is no reduction in the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet due to the occurrence of cracks in the coating.
- the heat drying method is not particularly limited.
- the surface treatment agent may be dried by heating with hot air, an induction heater, infrared rays, near infrared rays, or the like.
- the heating time is appropriately selected according to the type of galvanized steel sheet used. In view of productivity and the like, 0.1 to 60 seconds are preferable, and 1 to 30 seconds are more preferable.
- the galvanized steel sheet obtained by the present invention has various performances such as corrosion resistance and adhesion of a film formed on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the reason why desired conductivity can be obtained without particularly reducing the corrosion resistance. Is not necessarily clear, but is presumed to be due to the following effects.
- a skeleton of a film formed on the surface of a galvanized steel sheet is constituted by a water-soluble zirconium compound, tetraalkoxysilane, and a compound having an epoxy group. Since the water-soluble zirconium film does not dissolve in water again once dried, it has a barrier effect.Therefore, the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet, the adhesion of the film, and the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel sheet after alkali degreasing A zinc-based plated steel sheet having excellent performance and excellent heat resistance and weldability, which are characteristics of the inorganic film, can be obtained.
- a silanol group generated from an alkoxy group and a water-soluble zirconium compound are three-dimensionally cross-linked to form a dense film.
- the surface treating agent of the present invention is presumed that the epoxy group undergoes a crosslinking reaction with the silanol group and the water-soluble zirconium by containing a compound having an epoxy group. For this reason, it is estimated that the bonding strength of the film becomes stronger.
- the compound which has an epoxy group can obtain the galvanized steel plate excellent in the wrinkle resistance which is the characteristic of an organic film, and lubricity.
- the vanadic acid compound and the metal compound are uniformly dispersed in a form that is easily soluble in water in the film, and exhibit an inhibitory effect at the time of so-called zinc corrosion. That is, it is presumed that the vanadic acid compound and the metal compound are partially ionized and passivated in a corrosive environment to suppress zinc corrosion itself. In particular, it is presumed that the metal compound elutes preferentially at the film defect portion after molding and suppresses corrosion of zinc. Moreover, it is estimated that a chelating agent has the effect which suppresses that tetraalkoxysilane polymerizes in a surface treating agent, and the effect which melt
- the carboxyl group or phosphonic acid group of the chelating agent forms a dense film skeleton with the above film skeleton component without forming an insulating film such as zinc phosphate. Therefore, it is assumed that it contributes to the improvement of conductivity.
- the zinc-based plated steel sheet having excellent conductivity according to the present invention has a high corrosion resistance while a film formed by a water-soluble zirconium compound, tetraalkoxysilane, and a compound having an epoxy group is a thin film, and a chelating agent. It is possible to maintain excellent electrical conductivity even when contacting a gasket or the like at a low pressure due to the composition containing the corrosion inhibitor of vanadic acid compound and metal compound in the film. Guessed.
- a zinc-based plated steel sheet that has various performances such as corrosion resistance and adhesion, and that is excellent in electrical conductivity even under severe conditions where the steel sheet is contacted at a low pressure without particularly reducing the corrosion resistance. be able to.
- the galvanized steel sheet of the present invention can be applied to various uses, and is suitably used for materials used in various fields such as architecture, electricity, automobiles, and the like.
- Test plate creation method (1) Test plate (material) The following commercially available materials were used as test plates.
- EG Electrogalvanized steel sheet
- GI Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
- GA Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
- the basis weight indicates the basis weight on the main surface of each steel plate. For example, in the case of an electrogalvanized steel sheet, it is 20/20 (g / m 2 ), which means that each side of the steel sheet has a 20 g / m 2 plating layer.
- F1 Titanium ammonium fluoride
- F2 Aluminum nitrate hexahydrate
- F3 Zinc carbonate
- G1 Polyethylene wax (Chemical (registered trademark) W900 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.)
- Bar coat coating A surface treatment agent was dropped on a test piece and coated with a # 3-5 bar coater. It adjusted so that it might become the adhesion amount shown in Table 2 with the count of the bar coater used, and the density
- the Eriksen extrusion conditions were JIS-Z-2247-2006 (Erichsen value symbol: IE), punch diameter: 20 mm, die diameter: 27 mm, and drawing width: 27 mm.
- the zinc-based plated steel sheet of the present invention provides various performances such as corrosion resistance and adhesion, and provides a zinc-based plated steel sheet that is excellent in conductivity when contacting a gasket or the like at a low contact pressure. be able to.
- the zinc-based plated steel sheet having excellent conductivity according to the present invention does not contain any pollution-controlling substances such as hexavalent chromium in the film, and is optimal as a zinc-based plated steel sheet used as a part of automobiles, home appliances, and OA equipment. is there.
- the coating does not contain any pollution-controlling substances such as hexavalent chromium, has various corrosion resistance and adhesion properties, and does not particularly deteriorate the corrosion resistance. It is possible to provide a galvanized steel sheet having excellent conductivity even under severe conditions.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ポリビニルフェノール誘導体などの有機樹脂と酸成分、エポキシ化合物を反応させて得られる被覆剤、およびシランカップリング剤やバナジウム化合物等を配合した処理液から皮膜を形成する技術(例えば特許文献1、特許文献2、特許文献3、特許文献4)
(2)水性樹脂とチオカルボニル基とバナジン酸化合物とリン酸を含む皮膜を形成する技術(例えば、特許文献5)
(3)Tiなどの金属化合物とフッ化物、リン酸化合物等の無機酸および有機酸を含む処理液から皮膜を形成する技術(特許文献6、特許文献7、特許文献8、特許文献9、特許文献10、特許文献11、特許文献12)
(4)Ce、La、Y等の希土類元素とTi、Zr元素の複合皮膜を形成し、その皮膜中でめっき界面側に酸化物層、表面側に水酸化物層を濃化させる技術(特許文献13)や、CeとSi酸化物の複合皮膜を形成する技術(特許文献14)
(5)下層に酸化物を含有するリン酸及び/又はリン酸化合物皮膜、その上層に樹脂皮膜からなる有機複合被覆を形成する技術(例えば、特許文献15、特許文献16)。
(6)特定のインヒビター成分とシリカ/ジルコニウム化合物からなる複合皮膜を形成する技術(例えば特許文献17)。
(1) 水溶性ジルコニウム化合物(A)と、テトラアルコキシシラン(B)と、エポキシ基を有する化合物(C)と、キレート剤(D)と、バナジン酸化合物(E)と、Ti、Al、およびZnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属を含有する金属化合物(F)とを含有し、pHが8~10であり、下記(I)~(V)の条件を満足するように調整された表面処理剤を亜鉛系めっき鋼板表面上に塗布し、加熱乾燥して得た、片面当たりの付着量が50~1200mg/m2の表面処理皮膜を有することを特徴とする亜鉛系めっき鋼板。
記
(I)水溶性ジルコニウム化合物(A)のZr換算質量とテトラアルコキシシラン(B)との質量比(A/B)が1.0~6.0
(II)テトラアルコキシシラン(B)とエポキシ基を有する化合物(C)との質量比(B/C)が0.1~1.6
(III)テトラアルコキシシラン(B)とキレート剤(D)との質量比(B/D)が0.3~2.0
(IV)バナジン酸化合物(E)のV換算質量とキレート剤(D)との質量比(E/D)が0.03~1.0
(V)金属化合物(F)の金属合計換算質量とキレート剤(D)との質量比(F/D)が0.05~0.8
なお、上記の質量比を表す式中、Aは水溶性ジルコニウム化合物(A)のZr換算質量、Bはテトラアルコキシシラン(B)の質量、Cはエポキシ基を有する化合物(C)の質量、Dはキレート剤(D)の質量、Eはバナジン酸化合物(E)のV換算質量、Fは金属化合物(F)の金属合計換算質量を表しており、以下同様に記載する。
まず、本発明の亜鉛系めっき鋼板について説明する。
次に、本発明に使用される表面処理剤について説明する。
なお、前処理の方法は特に限定されず、例えば湯洗、溶剤洗浄、アルカリ脱脂洗浄などの方法が挙げられる。
また、加熱時間は、使用される亜鉛系めっき鋼板の種類などによって適宜最適な条件が選択される。なお、生産性などの観点からは、0.1~60秒が好ましく、1~30秒がより好ましい。
(1)供試板(素材)
以下の市販の材料を供試板として使用した。
(i)電気亜鉛めっき鋼板(EG):板厚0.8mm、目付量=20/20(g/m2)
(ii)溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GI):板厚0.8mm、目付量=60/60(g/m2)
(iii)合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GA):板厚0.8mm、目付け量=40/40(g/m2)
尚、目付量はそれぞれの鋼板の主面上への目付量を示している。例えば、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板の場合は、20/20(g/m2)であり、鋼板の両面のそれぞれに20g/m2のめっき層を有することを意味する。
試験片の作製方法としては、まず上記の供試材の表面を、日本パーカライジング(株)製パルクリーンN364Sを用いて処理し、表面上の油分や汚れを取り除いた。次に、水道水で水洗して金属材料表面が水で100%濡れることを確認した後、更に純水(脱イオン水)を流しかけ、100℃雰囲気のオーブンで水分を乾燥したものを試験片として使用した。
各成分を表1に示す組成(質量比)にて脱イオン水中で混合し、表面処理剤を得た。
尚、表1中の成分(G)及び(H)の配合量は、表面処理剤1kg中に配合した量(g)を表す。
<水溶性ジルコニウム化合物(A)>
A1:炭酸ジルコニウムナトリウム
A2:炭酸ジルコニウムアンモニウム
B1:テトラエトキシシラン
B2:テトラメトキシシラン
C1:γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン
C2:ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル
D1:1−ヒドロキシメタン−1.1−ジホスホン酸
D2:酒石酸
E1:メタバナジン酸アンモニウム
E2:メタバナジン酸ナトリウム
F1:チタンフッ化アンモニウム
F2:硝酸アルミニウム・6水和物
F3:炭酸亜鉛
G1:ポリエチレンワックス(三井化学(株)製ケミパール(登録商標)W900)
H1:スチレン−エチルメタアクリレート−n−ブチルアクリレート−アクリル酸共重合体
上記の表面処理剤を用いて、バーコート塗装にて各試験片の片側の表面上に塗装し、その後、水洗することなく、そのままオーブンに入れて、表2に示される乾燥温度となるように乾燥させ、表2に示される付着量(mg/m2)の皮膜を形成させた。
乾燥温度は、オーブン中の雰囲気温度とオーブンに入れている時間とで調節した。なお、乾燥温度は試験片表面の最高到達温度を示す。バーコート塗装の具体的な方法は、以下のとおりである。
(5−1)耐食性の評価
各供試板からサイズ70×150mmの試験片を切り出し、裏面と端部をビニールテープでシールして以下の試験を行った。評価は、錆発生面積率を目視にて判定評価した。
塩水噴霧試験(SST:JIS−Z−2371−2000に準ずる):
SST120時間後の白錆発生面積率を目視にて、下記評価基準で評価した。
判定基準:
◎ :白錆発生面積率5%未満
○ :白錆発生面積率5%以上20%未満
△ :白錆発生面積率20%以上40%未満
× :白錆発生面積率40%以上
前記と同一サイズの試験片上に市販のメラミンアルキッド塗料を塗装し、140℃で30分間焼き付けた後の塗膜厚さが30μmとなるようにした。その後、沸水に2時間浸漬後、試験片の表面にNTカッターで素地鋼まで達する切り込みを入れて1mm角の碁盤目を100個形成し、切込みを入れた部分が外(表)側となる様にエリクセン押し出し機で5mm押し出し、テープで剥離し、塗膜の残存状況を以下の評価で実施した。エリクセン押し出し条件は、JIS−Z−2247−2006(エリクセン値記号:IE)に準拠し、ポンチ径:20mm、ダイス径:27mm、絞り幅:27mmとした。
判定基準:
◎ :剥離面積5%未満および剥離なし
○ :剥離面積10%未満5%以上
△ :剥離面積20%未満以上10%以上
× :剥離面積20%以上
試験板について、三菱化学アナリテック(株)製ロレスタGP、ESP端子を用い表面抵抗値を測定して評価した。表面抵抗値は、端子にかかる荷重を50gピッチで増加させて測定し、10−4Ω以下が達成できる最小の荷重を評価した。
◎ :10点測定の平均荷重が250g未満
○ :10点測定の平均荷重が250g以上、500g未満
○−:10点測定の平均荷重が500g以上、750g未満
△ :10点測定の平均荷重が750g以上、950g未満
× :10点測定の平均荷重が950g以上
表1に示した成分組成を有する各表面処理剤について、40℃の恒温槽に30日間保管し、表面処理剤の外観を目視によって評価した。
◎ :変化なし
○ :極微量の沈殿が見られる。
△ :微量の沈殿が見られる。もしくは、粘度がやや高くなった。
× :大量の沈殿が見られる。もしくは、ゲル化した。
表面処理した試験板より直径100mmの円板状の試験片を切り出し、ポンチ径:50mm、ダイス径51.91mm、しわ押さえ力:1トンの条件でカップ状に成型した。成型品の絞り加工を受けた面(カップの側面)の外観を目視によって調べ、疵つき程度及び黒化程度を評価した。評価基準は次の通りである。
◎ :全面に渡って殆ど変化なく、外観が均一
○ :疵つき及び黒化が少し発生し、外観が明らかに不均一
△ :コーナー部を中心に疵つき及び黒化が激しく発生
× :成型できずに割れた
なお、比較例89、および比較例101においては、処理液が不安定で皮膜を形成することができず、各種評価を行うことができなかった。
Claims (5)
- 水溶性ジルコニウム化合物(A)と、テトラアルコキシシラン(B)と、エポキシ基を有する化合物(C)と、キレート剤(D)と、バナジン酸化合物(E)と、Ti、Al、およびZnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属を含有する金属化合物(F)とを含有し、pHが8~10であり、下記(I)~(V)の条件を満足するように調整された表面処理剤を亜鉛系めっき鋼板表面上に塗布し、加熱乾燥して得た、片面当たりの付着量が50~1200mg/m2の表面処理皮膜を有することを特徴とする亜鉛系めっき鋼板。
記
(I)水溶性ジルコニウム化合物(A)のZr換算質量とテトラアルコキシシラン(B)との質量比(A/B)が1.0~6.0
(II)テトラアルコキシシラン(B)とエポキシ基を有する化合物(C)との質量比(B/C)が0.1~1.6
(III)テトラアルコキシシラン(B)とキレート剤(D)との質量比(B/D)が0.3~2.0
(IV)バナジン酸化合物(E)のV換算質量とキレート剤(D)との質量比(E/D)が0.03~1.0
(V)金属化合物(F)の金属合計換算質量とキレート剤(D)との質量比(F/D)が0.05~0.8 - 前記片面当たりの付着量が50~500mg/m2である請求項1に記載の亜鉛系めっき鋼板。
- 前記表面処理剤が更に潤滑剤(G)を含有し、該潤滑剤(G)を前記表面処理剤の全固形分に対し、1~10質量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の亜鉛系めっき鋼板。
- 前記表面処理剤が更にノニオン系アクリル樹脂エマルション(H)を含有し、該ノニオン系アクリル樹脂エマルション(H)を前記表面処理剤の全固形分に対し、0.5~45.0質量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛系めっき鋼板。
- 前記ノニオン系アクリル樹脂エマルション(H)を前記表面処理剤の全固形分に対し、0.5~4.5質量%含有する請求項4に記載の亜鉛系めっき鋼板。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080015056.4A CN102378828B (zh) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | 镀锌系钢板 |
| US13/260,831 US20120088122A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | Galvanized steel sheet |
| KR1020117024066A KR101414568B1 (ko) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | 아연계 도금 강판 |
| CA2756812A CA2756812C (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | Zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet |
| EP10758930.1A EP2418303B1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | Zinc-coated steel sheet |
| SG2011070505A SG174954A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | Zinc-coated steel sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009088263 | 2009-03-31 | ||
| JP2009-088263 | 2009-03-31 | ||
| JP2010-070873 | 2010-03-25 | ||
| JP2010070873A JP5663915B2 (ja) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | 亜鉛系めっき鋼板 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010114170A1 true WO2010114170A1 (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
Family
ID=42828449
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/056278 Ceased WO2010114170A1 (ja) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | 亜鉛系めっき鋼板 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120088122A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2418303B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5663915B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101414568B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102378828B (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2756812C (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY158154A (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG174954A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI465604B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010114170A1 (ja) |
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| WO2015080066A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-04 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 表面処理皮膜付き亜鉛系めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP6569194B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-06 | 2019-09-04 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 耐食性に優れた表面処理溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板 |
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| US10100381B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2018-10-16 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Steel sheet for hot pressing and process for manufacturing hot pressed member using the steel sheet |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120088122A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
| CN102378828A (zh) | 2012-03-14 |
| CA2756812A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
| MY158154A (en) | 2016-09-15 |
| CA2756812C (en) | 2017-01-10 |
| EP2418303A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| JP2010255105A (ja) | 2010-11-11 |
| EP2418303A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| KR20110130477A (ko) | 2011-12-05 |
| TW201042083A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| KR101414568B1 (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
| SG174954A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 |
| TWI465604B (zh) | 2014-12-21 |
| EP2418303B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
| CN102378828B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
| JP5663915B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
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