WO2010109047A1 - Versatile system for recycling tyres and other industrial waste - Google Patents

Abstract

There participate therein a reception unit (1) having the corresponding warehouse thereof (2), a grinding unit (4), a steel-separating unit (5), a further grinding unit (9), a screening unit (10) for the obtainment of rubber granulate, a pyrolytic unit (12), a combustion chamber (21), an energy generator (28) and a gas purification unit (30) for the obtainment of energy (29), burnt gas (31) and waste products (32), together with a condensation unit (24) for the obtainment of oil (25), a unit (19) for the production of carbon black (20), and a unit (14) for the production of coke (15), which may be converted into active carbon (16). The system permits utilisation without distinction at all times of any raw material such as, for example, used tyres or olive pits, and through the functionality of some or other components of the system there may be obtained at will different reusable byproducts, specifically steel, rubber granulate, activated flour, pyrolytic coke, active carbon, oil, carbon black and energy.

Description

 POLYVAL RECYCLING SYSTEM OF TIRES AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL WASTE

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a recycling system or installation, which has been specially designed to be used primarily in the recycling or reuse of used tires, but which allows simultaneously using other recycled raw materials, such as olive bones.

The object of the invention is to achieve a versatile system, of great functional flexibility, which allows to select at will the raw materials to be obtained as a result of said recycling, such as oil, steel, coke, activated carbon, energy, rubber granules of any size, activated rubber meal, carbon black and / or textile fluff.

This allows the system or installation to be maintained in service by varying the raw material to be recycled, depending on market offers, and similarly, obtaining as a result of said recycling, at any time, that or those materials that are more profitable in the Market at that time.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the preferred scope of practical application of the invention, the of the tires, in Spain they are produced per year of the order of 305,000 tons, which create a serious environmental problem, since about half of them go to the landfill, while most of the remaining tires are destined for sale of second hand or retreaded, which only lengthens the problem over time, and only a small part of the material is recycled.

A plurality of components participate in the chemical composition of a tire, namely Carbon (C), Iron (Fe), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Zinc (Zn), Silica (Si), Nitrogen

(N), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Magnesium (Mn), Copper, (Cu), Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (N), Arsenic (As), Tin (Sn), Cadmium (Cd), Vanadium (V), Antimoio (Sb), Thallium (T) and Mercury (Hg).

The contaminating effect of some of these elements and the highly contaminating of others, results in the prohibition of dumping of tires to controlled or uncontrolled landfills, which creates serious storage problems.

On the other hand, this storage situation poses a fire hazard, which has already occurred on numerous occasions, which brings with it a large emission of pollutant gases expelled into the environment, as well as considerable costs in the tasks of extinction.

Trying to obviate this problem, the only recycling systems known to date consist of making a separation of materials, specifically separating the steel, on the other hand the textile component of the tires and finally the rubber or rubber, grinding the rubber to different sizes. While the metallic and textile components are recoverable, there is a serious problem in the recovery of rubber, which is also the absolutely majority component, since its practical applications are very limited and therefore its minimum consumption compared to the figure of residual rubber produced.

The use of milled rubber in road construction has been tested, with good results from different points of view, in particular from the point of view of water filtration, but this application has not proliferated as it would be desired because They do not know the side effects that it can bring with it, since logically the water, when passing through the ground tires, it is possible that it carries with it polluting elements that pass this way to the subsoil and that can contaminate the groundwater.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The recycling system that the invention proposes solves in a fully satisfactory manner the above-mentioned problem, allowing an integral reuse of the waste constituted by the used tires, as well as other industrial waste, such as the mentioned olive bones, and this obtaining a wide range of products, in which such products can be selected at will, so that with the exception of some of them that are obtained in any case, as will be seen later, the remaining ones can be selected at will according to the desires of the market at all times.

For this, the system that is recommended is part of a unit of reception assisted by one of storage, after which a crushing unit is established, which will be operative or not depending on whether the system is working with tires or olive bones at the corresponding time.

Next, a separating unit is established to extract the participating steel in the tires, which obviously will also be inoperative when working with olive bones.

From here a bifurcation of the system takes place, so that if it is intended to obtain rubber granules, the tires coming from the separator and already crushed are subjected to the effect of a second crushing unit and then passed through a sieve, from which on the one hand the rubber granulate is obtained and on the other hand a residue that passes to the other branch of the aforementioned bifurcation, specifically to a pyrolysis unit from which four branches or pathways emerge: one through which the Pyrolized product reaches a coke preparation unit, obtaining as coke the final product, convertible into activated carbon; a second line in which the pyrolized product arrives at a carbon black production unit and where in addition to the carbon black a residue is obtained that passes into a combustion chamber, a line that can be used exclusively for olive bones; a third line in which the pyrolized product reaches a condensation unit for obtaining oil, another final product, also with derivation of its product generated in said condensation and which is also supplied to said combustion chamber; and finally a fourth line in which the pyrolized product directly accesses said combustion chamber.

In turn, two lines emerge from the combustion chamber, one of direct energy production and another of burned gas production, the latter being subjected to the effects of a gas purification unit and with derivation to the second route of the rest of substances generated in the process.

In accordance with this structuring and as previously stated, the system will be fed at all times with the raw material available in better economic conditions, tires or olive bones, and in turn depending on market requirements and regardless of steel which is maintained as long as the recycling of tires is concerned, more or less amount of rubber, coke, activated carbon, carbon black, oil and energy granules can be obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. In an illustrative and non-limiting manner, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a diagram corresponding to a polyvalent recycling system of tires and other industrial waste made in accordance with the object of the present invention.

Figure 2.- Shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of Figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative. when it comes to producing energy and steel.

Figure 3.- Shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of Figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative when it comes to producing energy, steel, coke and activated carbon.

Figure 4.- Shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of Figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative when it comes to producing energy, steel and coke.

Figure 5.- Shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of Figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative when it comes to producing energy, steel and rubber granulate.

Figure 6.- It shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative when it comes to producing energy, steel and pyrolytic oil.

Figure 7.- Shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of Figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative when it comes to producing energy, steel and carbon black.

Figure 8 shows a partial reproduction of the diagram of Figure 1, specifically of the parts thereof that are operative when it is intended to produce energy, coke, active carbon and carbon black, from olive bones. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the figures outlined, and in particular of Figure 1, it can be seen how the system proposed by the invention is embodied in a receiving unit (1), which will be accessed by the tires to be recycled, or where appropriate olive bones, said reception unit (1) being provided with a warehouse (2), of appropriate characteristics and capacity to conveniently accommodate the received products.

At the exit of the warehouse (2) a transport line (3) is established towards a crushing unit (4) that, as will be seen later, is only operative with the tires, to cut them conveniently, simultaneously achieving fragmentation and release of the metallic material that participates in the tire, that is to say of the steel rods or cables, then placing in said line (3) a separating unit (5) that separates the metallic component from the rubber or rubber, and which in the scheme of Figure 1 constitutes the by-product referenced with (6).

In the separating unit two outlets (7 and 8) are established for the crushed rubber and separated from the steel, one of them, the one referenced with (7), which is directed to a second crusher (9) and from this one to a screener ( 10) which generates on the one hand granulated rubber (11), that is to say another reusable by-product, at the same time that the residual material is derived as will be seen later.

The other output of the separator (5), the one referenced with (8), accesses a pyrolysis unit (12), which is also accessed by the screening residue generated by the sieve (10), through the line (13 ); that is, the residue that remains after separating the rubber granulate (11) by screening with respect to the rest of the material supplied by the crushing unit (9). The pyrolized product in the unit (12) can be supplied to a coke preparation unit (14), said coke (15) being obtained, which can be converted into activated carbon (16), all according to the route ( 17) of Figure 1.

But the pyrolized product in the unit (12) can take the path (18) to the carbon black production unit (19), this black of smoke being the product obtained (20), together with residual materials that are sent to a furnace or combustion chamber (21) through the track (22).

From the pyrolysis unit (12) a third way (23) emerges towards a condensation unit (24) in which oil (25) is obtained as a reusable product, together with waste that as in the previous case and through a way (26) are supplied to the combustion chamber (21).

Finally, from the pyrolysis unit (12) a fourth path (27) emerges that goes directly to the combustion chamber (21).

As a result of the combustion of materials in the furnace (21), an energy generator (28) is activated, which directly produces energy (29), and which in addition and with the collaboration of a gas purifier (30) generates burned gas ( 31), counting the combustion chamber (21), the power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30) with outlets for the residual substances (32) that constitute the scarce waste generated by the installation.

As has been said repeatedly, the system described can use either used tires or olive bones, and allows obtaining different by-products, as will be explained below. Starting from used tires there is the possibility of obtaining exclusively energy and steel, according to the representation of figure 2, which shows the elements that are operative in the general installation of figure 1, and which are specifically the receiving unit (1 ), the storage (2), the crusher (4), the pyrolytic unit (12), the combustion chamber (21) and the rest of the elements (28, 29, 30, 31 and 32) that participate in the energy production, as well as the separator (5) that allows the independence of steel (6).

If the production of energy, steel, coke and activated carbon is intended, the same elements are used as in the previous case, that is, in the case of the production of energy and steel exclusively, but with the incorporation of the preparation unit of coke (14), as shown in Figure 3.

If what is intended to be energy, steel and only coke, the installation will be functional in regard to the components or extractions of the previous case, that is, the one shown in Figure 3, with the elimination of the transformation phase of active carbon coke, as shown in Figure 4.

If what is intended to be energy, steel and rubber granules, the installation as a whole is operative, in addition to the elements shown in Figure 2 for the production of energy and steel, the crushing unit (9) and the unit screening (10), to obtain the rubber granulate (11) and as shown in Figure 5.

If what is intended to be energy, steel and pyrolytic oil, the operating elements of the installation will be the same as in figure 2, for the production of only energy and steel, together with the unit of condensation (24) that allows to obtain pyrolytic oil (25), as shown in Figure 6.

Always in the line of use of used tires, if what is intended to be energy, steel and carbon black, the operational elements of the installation are those shown in Figure 7, which are going to be again the basic ones represented in the figure 2, with the incorporation in this case of the carbon black production unit (19) (20).

Finally, and when the system is fed with olive bones, as shown in Figure 8, it is not necessary for the crushing unit (4) to be operative, given the small size of said bones, the steel separating unit also logically disappears. (5), since such steel does not exist, the pyrolytic unit (12) and the whole part of the system corresponding to the generation of energy are kept operative, but in parallel coke, active carbon and carbon black can be obtained, for which they result operating the coke preparation unit (14), and the coke transformation unit into activated carbon, as well as the carbon black production unit (19) (20).

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S I ^a .- Multi-purpose recycling system for tires and other industrial waste, such as olive bones, whose purpose is to use any of the products to be recycled, and to obtain reusable by-products also, at will, specifically granulated rubber, coke, activated carbon, oil, carbon black and energy, it is characterized by incorporating a reception unit (1), with which a storage unit (2) collaborates, after which a crushing unit is established (4), and a separator (5) that allows obtaining the existing steel in the tires, separating it from the rubber or rubber, which can opt for two ways (7 and 8), the first of which (7) and by means of a crushing unit (9) and a screening unit (10) allow to obtain rubber granules (11), while through the second track (8) a pyrolytic unit (12) is accessed, which in turn four ways out, one ( 17) towards a coke preparation unit (14) (15), capable of being converted into activated carbon (16), another (18) towards a carbon black production unit (19) (20), another (23) ) towards a condensing unit (24) for obtaining oil (25), and the fourth (27) towards a combustion chamber (21) which, in collaboration with a generator (28), produces energy (29) and burned gas (31), the latter with the participation of a gas purifier (30) 2 .- System polyvalent recycling of tires and other industrial waste according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as a raw material used tires intended exclusively obtain energy and steel, are operative in the whole system, the receiver unit (1), storage (2), crusher (4), steel separator (5), pyrolytic unit (12), combustion chamber (21), the power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30). 3 .- System polyvalent recycling of tires and other industrial waste according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as a raw material used tires intended for energy steel, coke and activated carbon, are operative in the whole system, the receiving unit (1), storage unit (2), crusher (4), steel separator (5), pyrolytic unit (12), combustion chamber (21), the power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30), as well as the coke preparation unit (14) and activated carbon (16). 4 .- System polyvalent recycling of tires and other industrial waste according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as a raw material used tires is to obtain energy, steel and coke, they are operative in the whole system, the unit reception (1), storage (2), crusher (4), steel separator (5), pyrolytic unit (12), combustion chamber (21), power generator (28) and gas purifier (30), as well as the coke preparation unit (14) (15). 5 .- System polyvalent recycling of tires and other industrial waste according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as a raw material used tires is to obtain energy, steel and rubber granules, are operative in the whole system, the receiving unit (1), storage unit (2), crusher (4), steel separator (5), pyrolytic unit (12), combustion chamber (21), power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30), as well as the second crusher (9) and the screening unit (10). 6 ^a .- Multipurpose recycling system for tires and others industrial waste, according to claim 1, characterized in that when used tires are used as raw material and it is intended to obtain energy, steel and pyrolytic oil, they are operative in the whole system, the receiving unit (1), the storage unit (2) , the crusher (4), the steel separator (5), the pyrolytic unit (12), the combustion chamber (21), the power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30), as well as the condensing unit (24) for the oil (25) .. 7 ^a .- Multi-purpose recycling system for tires and other industrial waste, according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as raw material tires used for the production of energy, steel and carbon black, are operational in the whole system, the receiving unit (1), storage unit (2), crusher (4), steel separator (5), pyrolytic unit (12), combustion chamber (21), power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30), as well as the carbon black preparation unit (19) (20). 8 .- System polyvalent recycling of tires and other industrial waste according to claim 1, characterized in that when used as a raw material olive stones and is intended to produce energy, coke, active carbon and carbon black, are operative in the set of the system, the reception unit (1), the storage unit (2), the pyrolytic unit (12), the combustion chamber (21), the power generator (28) and the gas purifier (30), in addition of the coke preparation unit (14) (15), the active carbon transformation (16), and the carbon black production unit (19) (20).