WO2010149807A2

WO2010149807A2 - Self-supporting slab comprising glass blocks

Info

Publication number: WO2010149807A2
Application number: PCT/ES2010/000279
Authority: WO
Inventors: Iñigo ARIZA LÓPEZ
Original assignee: Universidad de Sevilla
Current assignee: Universidad de Sevilla
Priority date: 2009-06-26
Filing date: 2010-06-23
Publication date: 2010-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2011-12-26
Also published as: ES2372106B1; ES2372106A1; WO2010149807A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-supporting slab comprising glass blocks or similar elements, which provides advantages in the technical field in that flat arches can be formed with blocks, without the use of reinforcements therebetween. One aim of the invention is to widen the uses thereof, extending same to any tessellation that covers an entire plane.

Description

FORJADO AUTOPORTANTE DE BLOQUES DE VIDRIO GLASS BLOCK SELF-FORGED FORGING

OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención, según lo expresa el enunciado de esta memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un forjado autoportante de bloques de vidrio, o similares, aportando notables ventajas para este sector de la técnica donde se pueden formar bóvedas planas con bloques, sin que existan armaduras entre ellos.The present invention, as expressed in the description of this specification, refers to a self-supporting slab of glass blocks, or the like, providing significant advantages for this sector of the technique where flat vaults with blocks can be formed, without armor among them.

Es un objeto de la invención el ampliar las aplicaciones haciéndolo extensivo a cualquier teselación que cubra todo el plano.It is an object of the invention to extend the applications by extending it to any tessellation that covers the entire plane.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

En la patente de invención P200301144 se reivindica un suelo de bloques de vidrio autoportante sin armaduras interiores, cuya estructura parte de un sistema de bóvedas planas de piedra ya conocido, con la utilización del vidrio en vez de la piedra para conseguir un efecto luminoso, además de prescindir de las armaduras entre bloques, imprescindibles hasta el momento. Como elemento de apoyo se utiliza exclusivamente un zuncho perimetral a toda la bóveda, de hormigón armado, de perfiles metálicos, etc.In the invention patent P200301144 a floor of self-supporting glass blocks without interior reinforcements is claimed, whose structure starts from a system of flat stone vaults already known, with the use of glass instead of stone to achieve a light effect, in addition to dispense with the reinforcement between blocks, essential so far. As a support element, only one perimeter fence is used throughout the vault, reinforced concrete, metal profiles, etc.

Consiste en una bóveda plana realizada con bloques o dovelas de vidrio que tienen idéntica forma entre si, partiendo en todos casos de una forma prismática, encajando unos en otros y estando unidos por un material de junta (mortero de cemento hidráulico, mortero de polímero o incluso juntas de material polímero elástico) .It consists of a flat vault made of glass blocks or segments that have the same shape as each other, starting in a prismatic way, fitting into each other and being joined by a joint material (hydraulic cement mortar, polymer mortar or even joints of elastic polymer material).

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN En lineas generales el forjado autoportante de bloques de vidrio, que la invención propone, se forma a partir de bloques prismáticos, rectos u oblicuos, es decir, ortogonales o no respecto del plano donde se levantan o construyen, siendo además sus bases de formas muy variadas, cumpliéndose la condición de que se parte de una trama, retícula o "teselación" que cubra todo un plano.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In general, the self-supporting slab of glass blocks, which the invention proposes, is formed from prismatic, straight or oblique blocks, that is, orthogonal or not with respect to the plane where they are raised or They also build their bases in a variety of ways, fulfilling the condition that it starts from a plot, grid or "tessellation" that covers a whole plane.

La teselación puede ser regular (si está formada por un único tipo de polígonos regulares), semi-regular (si está formada por mas de un tipo de polígonos regulares) , no regular (formada por polígonos no regulares), y variantes especiales de teselación (como son la llamada "teselación de El Cairo", o las variantes de Pen-Rouse) . Estos prismas se modifican realizándoles entrantes y salientes en sus caras laterales, teniendo también que cumplir las condiciones siguientes:The tessellation can be regular (if it is formed by a single type of regular polygons), semi-regular (if it is formed by more than one type of regular polygons), not regular (formed by non-regular polygons), and special tessellation variants (such as the so-called "Cairo tessellation", or the Pen-Rouse variants). These prisms are modified by making incoming and outgoing on their side faces, also having to meet the following conditions:

- Que encajen unos en otros, es decir, que sean complementarios para que la unión entre entrantes y salientes de los bloques adyacentes no deje espacio libre entre ellos.- That they fit into each other, that is, that they are complementary so that the union between incoming and outgoing adjacent blocks does not leave free space between them.

Que cada bloque posea tanto entrantes como salientes en número igual o superior a dos de cada, es decir, al menos dos entrantes y al menos dos salientes, y a ser posible distribuidos en caras opuestas saliente- saliente, entrante-entrante. Se trata de una condición de estabilidad. En el caso de tramas con base triangular esta condición obliga a que cada cara posea a la vez al menos un entrante y un saliente. - Que la forma geométrica de los entrantes o salientes respecto de las caras laterales puede ser cualquiera, definida por caras planas o por superficies curvas ya sean con simple o con doble curvatura, sinclásticas o anticlásticas. Por tanto la trama original del reticulado (es decir, las juntas que aparecen entre los bloques) se puede ver modificada por estos entrantes o salientes en cualquiera de las superficies vistas del conjunto de bloques, ya sea la inferior o la superior, en ambas superficies, o sólo en secciones intermedias y por tanto no visible desde las superficies superior e inferior.That each block has both incoming and outgoing numbers equal to or greater than two of each, that is, at least two incoming and at least two outgoing, and if possible distributed on opposite sides outgoing-outgoing, incoming-incoming. It is a condition of stability. In the case of frames with a triangular base, this condition requires that each face have at least one inlet and one projection. - That the geometric shape of the recesses or projections with respect to the lateral faces can be any, defined by flat faces or by curved surfaces either with single or double curvature, synclastic or anticlastic. Therefore, the original weft of the crosslink (that is, the joints that appear between the blocks) can be modified by these recesses or projections on any of the exposed surfaces of the block set, either the bottom or the top, on both surfaces, or only in intermediate sections and therefore not visible from the upper and lower surfaces.

Se obtienen asi uno o dos tipos de bloques, tantos como tipos distintos de polígonos que compongan la teselación. Los bloques de cada tipo serán por tanto idénticos entre si en forma.One or two types of blocks are obtained, both as different types of polygons that make up the tessellation. The blocks of each type will therefore be identical to each other in shape.

Como resultado, los bloques encajan unos en otros, perfectamente, sin dejar huecos. La unión de los bloques forma un volumen marcadamente superficial. Cada uno de los bloques apoya al menos en dos de sus vecinos situados en direcciones sensiblemente opuestas y recibe el apoyo también de al menos dos de sus vecinos, también situados en direcciones sensiblemente opuestas. Se exceptúan por lógica los bloques del perímetro, que apoyan en el zuncho perimetral .As a result, the blocks fit into each other, perfectly, without leaving gaps. The union of the blocks forms a markedly superficial volume. Each of the blocks supports at least two of its neighbors located in substantially opposite directions and also receives support from at least two of its neighbors, also located in substantially opposite directions. The perimeter blocks, which support the perimeter fence, are logically excepted.

Acorde con la invención, también se pueden usar bloques que no sean macizos y utilizar otros materiales transparentes que no sean vidrio. Para facilitar la comprensión de las características de la invención y formando parte de esta memoria descriptiva, se acompañan unas hojas de dibujos en las que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado lo siguiente: BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSIn accordance with the invention, non-solid blocks can also be used and other transparent materials other than glass can be used. To facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention and as part of this specification, accompanying sheets of drawings are attached in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figura 1.- Es una vista parcial, en perspectiva, de un forjado autoportante de bloques de vidrio, acorde con la invención.Figure 1.- It is a partial perspective view of a self-supporting slab of glass blocks, in accordance with the invention.

Figura 2.- Es una vista parcial, en planta, de un ejemplo de teselación regular compuesta por triángulos equiláteros, a partir de la cual se puede construir el forjado con bloques acorde con la invención.Figure 2.- It is a partial plan view of an example of regular tessellation composed of equilateral triangles, from which the slab with blocks according to the invention can be constructed.

Figura 3.- Es una vista similar a la figura 2, de una teselación regular semi- regular.Figure 3.- It is a view similar to Figure 2, of a regular semi-regular tessellation.

Figura 4.- Es una- vista en planta de la llamada "teselación de El Cairo" .Figure 4.- It is a plan view of the so-called "Cairo tessellation".

Figura 5.- Es una vista en planta de una trama irregular compuesta por paralelogramos, como otro ejemplo de teselación.Figure 5.- It is a plan view of an irregular plot composed of parallelograms, as another example of tessellation.

Figura 6.- Es una vista en perspectiva de una teselación cuadrangular sobre la que se formará el forjado. Figura 7.- Es una vista en perspectiva de una fase de formación de un prisma a partir de la teselación de la figura 6.Figure 6.- It is a perspective view of a quadrangular tessellation on which the slab will be formed. Figure 7.- It is a perspective view of a phase of formation of a prism from the tessellation of Figure 6.

Figura 8.- Es una vista similar a la figura 7, de la modificación del prisma resultante mediante la formación de entrantes y salientes laterales que afectan solo a la cara superior.Figure 8 .- It is a view similar to Figure 7, of the modification of the resulting prism through the formation of lateral recesses and projections that affect only the upper face.

Figura 9.- Es una vista similar a la figura 8, pero modificando el prisma de forma que los entrantes y salientes afecten solo a la cara inferior.Figure 9.- It is a view similar to Figure 8, but modifying the prism so that the incoming and outgoing only affect the lower face.

Figura 10.- Es una vista similar a la figura 8, pero con los entrantes y salientes dispuestos interiormente sin afectar a las caras superior e inferior.Figure 10.- It is a view similar to Figure 8, but with the incoming and outgoing arranged internally without affecting the upper and lower faces.

Figura 11.- Es un esquema de construcción de un prisma en el que las caras laterales pueden contener más de un entrante o saliente, en este caso dos. Figura 12.- Es un esquema similar al de la figura 11, de la construcción de un prisma en una teselación triangular donde cada cara lateral ha de contener al menos un entrante y un saliente.Figure 11.- It is a construction scheme of a prism in which the lateral faces can contain more than one inlet or projection, in this case two. Figure 12.- It is a scheme similar to that of Figure 11, of the construction of a prism in a triangular tessellation where each side face must contain at least one recess and one projection.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA FORMA. DE REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDA Haciendo referencia a la numeración adoptada en las figuras, podemos ver cómo el forjado autoportante de bloques de vidrio, que la invención propone, tal como se representa en la figura 1, está formado por una pluralidad de bloques 1 de vidrio o similar, obtenidos a partir de una forma prismática cuyas caras laterales presentan entrantes y salientes que se complementan en caras enfrentadas de un mismo bloque y en caras adosadas de dos bloques 1 adyacentes, sin huecos intermedios.DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM. OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the numbering adopted in the figures, we can see how the self-supporting slab of glass blocks, which the invention proposes, as represented in Figure 1, is formed by a plurality of glass blocks 1 or the like, obtained from a prismatic shape whose side faces have recesses and protrusions that complement each other in opposite faces of the same block and in attached faces of two adjacent blocks 1, without intermediate gaps.

Se cubre asi la totalidad del forjado cualquiera que sea el tipo de trama, retícula o teselación elegida como punto de partida para formar los bloques 1, tal como las diseñadas para formar un pavimento y que veremos en relación con las figuras 2 a 6.The entire slab is thus covered whatever the type of weft, grid or tessellation chosen as the starting point to form the blocks 1, such as those designed to form a pavement and which we will see in relation to figures 2 to 6.

Los bloques 1 se apoyan unos en otros y descansan todos en un zuncho perimetral 2 que soporta los empujes horizontales y sirve de apoyo o incluso de viga. No existen armaduras de ningún tipo entre los bloques 1. En la figura 2 se representa una teselación regular 3 formada en este caso por triángulos equiláteros 4.The blocks 1 rest on each other and rest all in a perimeter strip 2 that supports the horizontal thrusts and serves as support or even beam. There are no reinforcements of any kind between blocks 1. Figure 2 shows a regular tessellation 3 formed in this case by equilateral triangles 4.

Otro ejemplo conocido de teselación 5 es del tipo regular semi-regular mostrado en la figura 3, denominado asi por la combinación de triángulos 6 y cuadrados 7 cubriendo perfectamente el plano del forjado.Another known example of tessellation 5 is of the semi-regular regular type shown in Figure 3, named after the combination of triangles 6 and squares 7 perfectly covering the floor plan.

En la figura 4 se representa la conocida "teselación de El Cairo" 8 formada por pentágonos irregulares 9.Figure 4 depicts the well-known "Cairo tessellation" 8 formed by irregular pentagons 9.

La figura 5 es un ejemplo de teselación irregular 10 compuesta por una trama de romboides 11. A partir de la teselación seleccionada para formar el forjado autoportante que la invención propone, tal como la teselación 12 que se muestra en perspectiva en la figura 6 definida por cuadrados 13 en dos alineaciones perpendiculares; se levantan bloques 14 virtuales que en este caso son cúbicos como se muestra en la figura 7. Los bloques 14 podrían ser ortoedros en posición vertical y levantarse no solamente en forma recta sino inclinada definiendo prismas oblicuos. Si la malla o teselación fuera rectangular los prismas podrían adquirir una posición yacente, u otra geometría sin limitaciones.Figure 5 is an example of irregular tessellation 10 composed of a frame of rhomboids 11. From the tessellation selected to form the self-supporting slab proposed by the invention, such as tessellation 12 shown in perspective in Figure 6 defined by 13 squares in two perpendicular alignments; virtual blocks 14 are raised which in this case are cubic as shown in figure 7. The blocks 14 could be orthohedrons in an upright position and be raised not only straight but inclined defining oblique prisms. If the mesh or tessellation were rectangular prisms could acquire a lying position, or other geometry without limitations.

Los bloques 14 virtuales son modificados mediante entrantes 15 y salientes 16 en las caras laterales, quedando enfrentados los unos y los otros, como se observa en la figura 8, obteniéndose asi el bloque 17 real. En esta figura 8 los entrantes y salientes afectan solamente a la base o cara superior del bloque 17, no alterándose la cara inferior. En la formación del forjado al adosar este tipo de bloques 17 la cara superior del forjado se formará una teselación integrada por polígonos 18 irregulares cóncavos de ocho lados. En la figura 9, los entrantes 15 y salientes 16 solo afectan a la cara inferior del bloque, pero al tener idéntica geometría que los bloques 17 se formará la teselación de polígonos 18 en la cara inferior del forjado.The virtual blocks 14 are modified by recesses 15 and projections 16 on the side faces, facing each other, as seen in Figure 8, thus obtaining the real block 17. In this figure 8 the incoming and outgoing only affect the base or upper face of the block 17, the lower face not being altered. In the formation of the slab when this type of blocks is attached 17 the upper face of the slab will form a tessellation composed of irregular concave polygons 18 of eight sides. In Figure 9, the recesses 15 and projections 16 only affect the lower face of the block, but having identical geometry as the blocks 17 will form the tessellation of polygons 18 on the lower face of the slab.

Acorde con la invención también puede conseguirse el mantener la trama o teselación 12 en ambas caras del forjado como lo muestra la figura 10, practicando un tipo distinto de entrantes 19 y salientes 20 complementarios que afectan exclusivamente a la zona central de las caras laterales. Se obtienen asi unos bloques 21.In accordance with the invention, it is also possible to maintain the weft or tessellation 12 on both sides of the slab as shown in Figure 10, practicing a different type of complementary recesses 19 and projections 20 that exclusively affect the central area of the lateral faces. Thus, blocks 21 are obtained.

Haciendo ahora especial referencia a la figura 11, la formación de un forjado puede hacerse a partir de bloques construidos sobre una trama o teselación definida por cuadrados virtuales con un entrante 22 y saliente 23 en cada uno de sus lados, en este caso arqueados, configurando un entramado de formas planas 24 de contorno curvilíneo, lo que dará lugar a la formación de superficies laterales en los bloques (no representados) levantados a partir de este diseño, de geometría alabeada y de engrane perfecto entre bloques, cumpliéndose en todos los casos las condiciones exigidas al principio para constituir un forjado plano autoportante . Por último, en la figura 12 se representa una teselación triangular virtual 25 a partir de la que se forman entrantes y salientes del tipo últimamente comentado, donde cada cara lateral del bloque construido sobre ella (no representado) ha de llevar necesariamente un entrante 22 y un saliente 23 para estabilidad del forjado. With special reference now to Figure 11, the formation of a slab can be made from blocks constructed on a frame or tessellation defined by virtual squares with an inlet 22 and projection 23 on each of its sides, in this case arched, configuring a network of flat shapes 24 of curvilinear contour, which will lead to the formation of lateral surfaces in the blocks (not shown) raised from this design, of warped geometry and perfect engagement between blocks, in all cases complying with the conditions required at the beginning to constitute a self-supporting flat floor. Finally, in figure 12 a virtual triangular tessellation 25 is shown from which recesses and projections of the type discussed above are formed, where each side face of the block constructed on it (not shown) must necessarily carry an recess 22 and a projection 23 for stability of the floor.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- SELF-SUPPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, obtaining a flat vault formed by blocks attached to each other without using armor between them, defined from prisms with recesses in at least two facing side faces and complementary protrusions facing each other on the side faces remaining, resting the set on a perimeter support strip, characterized in that the blocks (1, 17, 21) have a geometry obtained from a plot, grid or "tessellation" (3, 5, 8, 10, 12) covering the whole plane; based on said plot, grid or tessellation (5, 8, 10, 12) virtual (orthogonal or non-prism) prisms (14) are constructed or raised, with respect to the plane defined by the tessellation (3, 5, 8, 10, 12) ; and these prisms (14) are modified by making incoming (15, 19) and outgoing (16, 20) on their side faces, fulfilling the following conditions: that they fit into each other to be complementary, that each block (17, 21) has both incoming (15, 19) and outgoing (16, 20) in numbers equal to or greater than two of each, and if possible distributed on opposite sides outgoing-outgoing, incoming-incoming, than the geometric shape of the incoming (15, 19 ) or projections (16, 20) with respect to the lateral faces can be any, defined by flat faces or by curved surfaces with either single or double curvature, synclastic or anticlastic.

2.- SELF-SUPPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, according to claim 1, characterized in that the tessellation (3, 5, 8, 10, 12) can be regular (3) if it is formed by a single type of regular, semi-regular polygons (5) if it is formed by more than one type of regular, irregular polygons (10) formed by non-regular polygons, and special tiling variants (such as the so-called "Cairo tessellation" (8), or the Pen-Rouse variants).

3.- SELF-SUPPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of triangular frames or tessellations (3, 25), each side face has at least one recess and one projection.

4. AUTOPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, according to claim 1, characterized in that the original weft of the reticulate, which corresponds to the joints that appear between the blocks (1, 17, 21), is modified by the entrances (15 ) or projections (16) on any of the surfaces seen from the block assembly (1, 17, 21) either the lower or the upper, on both sides, or only in intermediate sections and therefore not visible or from the upper surface Not from the bottom.

5. AUTOPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, according to claim 1, characterized in that one or two types of blocks are obtained (1, 17, 21), as many as different types of polygons that make up the tessellation (3, 5, 8, 10, 12), being therefore the blocks (1, 17, 21) of each type, identical to each other.

6. AUTOPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (1, 17, 21) are hollow.

7.- SELF-SUPPORTING GLASS BLOCK FORGING, according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (1, 17, 21) are of a transparent material other than glass.