[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2010145729A1 - Method for commissioning a machine - Google Patents

Method for commissioning a machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010145729A1
WO2010145729A1 PCT/EP2010/002540 EP2010002540W WO2010145729A1 WO 2010145729 A1 WO2010145729 A1 WO 2010145729A1 EP 2010002540 W EP2010002540 W EP 2010002540W WO 2010145729 A1 WO2010145729 A1 WO 2010145729A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
track
machine
ballast
clearing chain
working direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/002540
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Theurer
Manfred Brunninger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Original Assignee
Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH filed Critical Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
Priority to DK10718077.0T priority Critical patent/DK2443286T3/en
Priority to EA201101600A priority patent/EA019551B1/en
Priority to CN201080027059.XA priority patent/CN102459762B/en
Priority to ES10718077.0T priority patent/ES2534247T3/en
Priority to PL10718077T priority patent/PL2443286T3/en
Priority to EP10718077.0A priority patent/EP2443286B1/en
Publication of WO2010145729A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010145729A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/06Renewing or cleaning the ballast in situ, with or without concurrent work on the track
    • E01B27/10Renewing or cleaning the ballast in situ, with or without concurrent work on the track without taking-up track
    • E01B27/105Renewing or cleaning the ballast in situ, with or without concurrent work on the track without taking-up track the track having been lifted

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for commissioning a machine having a first and a second, arranged between two rail vehicles clearing chain for receiving befindlichem below a track ballast.
  • Fig. 1 to 4 each have a side view of a machine with two Räumketten in different process sections.
  • a machine 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 for receiving ballast 2 has an elongate machine frame 3, which by End Schienenfahrtechnike 4 on a track 5 is movable.
  • a control device 7 In a work cabin 6 is a control device 7.
  • a height-adjustable lifting device 8 is attached to the machine frame 3.
  • a front or first clearing chain 10 and a subsequent second clearing chain 11 are articulated on the machine frame 3, which are positioned between the two rail bogies 4.
  • Each clearing chain 10, 11 are associated with height adjustment drives 12.
  • a screen 13 is provided for the cleaning of the absorbed ballast 2 .
  • a conveyor belt 14 serves to remove overburden.
  • both rails 15 of the track 5 are severed immediately before the second clearing chain 11. Subsequently, a front end 16 with respect to the working direction 9 is raised by means of the lifting device 8 to form a track gap 17 (see FIG.
  • the second clearing chain 11 is inserted into the track gap 17 and formed at a low priority of the machine 1 by receiving the ballast 2 a chine 18.
  • the machine 1 After reaching the intended size of the jib 18, the machine 1 is retracted counter to the working direction 9, wherein the second clearing chain 11 automatically from the track gap 17 is led out.
  • the lifting device 8 is released from the rails 15, which are optionally connected by a tab connector with the adjacent rails 15.
  • the return of the machine 1 is then stopped when the first clearing chain 10 comes to rest immediately behind the chine 18.
  • the front track end 16 is now raised by an auxiliary lifting device 19 (see Fig. 2), to form again a track gap 17.
  • the first clearing chain 10 is lowered in the direction of travel 9 under the right of way of the machine 1.
  • the front end of the track 16 is detected by the lifting device 8 and raised for the introduction of the second clearing chain 11 (see Fig. 3).
  • the rails 15 are in turn connected to each other and the machine 1 for the continuous removal of a first and a second ballast layer 20, 21 further moves (see Fig. 4).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to commissioning a machine (1) having a first and a second excavating chain (10, 11), wherein rails (15) of the track are parted, and a front track end (16) relative to a working direction (9) is lifted up, forming a track gap (17). The rear, second excavating chain (11) is then inserted into the track gap (17) and ballast (2) is received for forming a trench (18). The machine (1) is then run in reverse while lifting up the second excavating chain (11), and the first excavating chain (10) is inserted in the trench (18) for receiving ballast (2) of a first ballast layer (20) and the machine (1) is displaced in the working direction (9). The second excavating chain (11) is dropped beneath the track while lifting the front track end (16), and is commissioned for receiving ballast (2) of a second ballast layer (21).

Description

VERFAHREN ZUR INBETRIEBNAHME EINER MASCHINE. METHOD FOR COMMISSIONING A MACHINE.

[0001] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme einer Maschine mit einer ersten und einer zweiten, zwischen zwei Schienen- fahrwerken angeordneten Räumkette zur Aufnahme von unterhalb eines Gleises befindlichem Schotter.The invention relates to a method for commissioning a machine having a first and a second, arranged between two rail vehicles clearing chain for receiving befindlichem below a track ballast.

[0002] Durch US 6 672 398 ist eine Reinigungsmaschine zum Reinigen von Schotter eines Gleises bekannt, die zur Schotteraufnahme mit zwei Räumketten ausgestattet ist. Vor Arbeitsbeginn muss unterhalb des Gleises Schotter durch eine Hilfseinrichtung zur Bildung einer Künette entfernt werden. In diese Künette wird ein zum Gleis quer verlaufender Abschnitt der Räumkette eingeführt und mit den anschließenden Teilen verbunden. Dies ist sehr zeitaufwendig und mühsam. Andererseits ist es auch bekannt, die Schienen des Gleises zu durchtrennen und dieses zur Bildung einer Gleislücke anzuheben. Anschließend wird die Räumkette in diese Gleislücke abgesenkt und mit der Maschine vorwärtsbewegt. Diese Technik setzt allerdings voraus, dass zwischen der Gleislücke und dem vorderen Schienenfahrwerk ein genügend großer Abstand zur Verfügung steht, um unzulässige Schienenspannungen zu vermeiden. [0003] Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt nun in der Schaffung eines Verfahrens der eingangs genannten Art, mit dem eine zwei Ketten aufweisende Maschine vereinfacht in Betrieb genommen werden kann.By US 6,672,398 a cleaning machine for cleaning ballast of a track is known, which is equipped for ballast pickup with two Räumketten. Before commencement of work, ballast must be removed below the track by means of an auxiliary device to form a jib. Into this circle, a section of the clearing chain running transversely to the track is introduced and connected to the adjoining parts. This is very time consuming and tedious. On the other hand, it is also known to sever the rails of the track and lift it to form a track gap. Subsequently, the clearing chain is lowered into this track gap and moved forward with the machine. However, this technique requires that there is sufficient clearance between the track gap and the front track undercarriage to avoid excessive rail tension. The object of the present invention is now to provide a method of the type mentioned, with a two-chain machine can be put into operation simplified.

[0004] Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren der gattungsgemäßen Art durch die im Anspruch angeführten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by a method of the generic type by the features stated in the claim.

[0005] Durch diese Verfahrensschritte ist es möglich, unter Vermeidung vonBy these steps, it is possible while avoiding

Hilfsmitteln mit Hilfe der zweiten Räumkette eine Künette zu bilden und anschließend die erste Räumkette in diese Künette einzuführen. Dies ist auch dann problemlos möglich, wenn die Distanz zwischen erster Räumkette und dem anschließenden vorderen Schienenfahrwerk relativ gering ist. Mit diesem Verfahren wird somit der größere Abstand der zweiten Räumkette zum vorderen Fahrwerk ausgenützt, um eine unzulässige Biegespannung während der Anhebung des vorderen Gleisendes zuverlässig auszuschließen.Tools with the help of the second clearing chain to form a trifle and then introduce the first clearing chain in this chine. This is also possible without any problems if the distance between the first clearing chain and the subsequent front rail chassis is relatively low. With this method, the greater distance between the second clearing chain and the front running gear is thus utilized in order to reliably exclude an unacceptable bending stress during the raising of the front track end.

[0006] Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Zeichnungsbeschreibung.Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of the drawings.

[0007] Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:In the following the invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:

[0008] Fig. 1 bis 4 je eine Seitenansicht einer Maschine mit zwei Räumketten in unterschiedlichen Verfahrensabschnitten.Fig. 1 to 4 each have a side view of a machine with two Räumketten in different process sections.

[0009] Eine in den Fig. 1 bis 4 dargestellte Maschine 1 zur Aufnahme von Schotter 2 weist einen langgestreckten Maschinenrahmen 3 auf, der durch endseitige Schienenfahrwerke 4 auf einem Gleis 5 verfahrbar ist. In einer Arbeitskabine 6 befindet sich eine Steuereinrichtung 7. Für die Anhebung des Gleises 5 ist eine höhenverstellbare Hebeeinrichtung 8 am Maschinenrahmen 3 befestigt.A machine 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 for receiving ballast 2 has an elongate machine frame 3, which by End Schienenfahrwerke 4 on a track 5 is movable. In a work cabin 6 is a control device 7. For raising the track 5, a height-adjustable lifting device 8 is attached to the machine frame 3.

[0010] Bezüglich einer Arbeitsrichtung 9 sind eine vordere bzw. erste Räumkette 10 und eine nachfolgende zweite Räumkette 11 am Maschinenrahmen 3 angelenkt, die zwischen den beiden Schienenfahrwerken 4 positioniert sind. Jeder Räumkette 10, 11 sind Höhenverstellantriebe 12 zugeordnet. Für die Reinigung des aufgenommenen Schotters 2 ist eine Siebanlage 13 vorgesehen. Ein Förderband 14 dient zur Entfernung von Abraum.With regard to a working direction 9, a front or first clearing chain 10 and a subsequent second clearing chain 11 are articulated on the machine frame 3, which are positioned between the two rail bogies 4. Each clearing chain 10, 11 are associated with height adjustment drives 12. For the cleaning of the absorbed ballast 2 a screen 13 is provided. A conveyor belt 14 serves to remove overburden.

[0011] Im folgenden werden die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritte zur Inbetriebnahme der Maschine 1 beschrieben:The method steps according to the invention for starting up the machine 1 are described below:

[0012] Sobald die Maschine 1 die Baustelle erreicht hat, werden beide Schienen 15 des Gleises 5 unmittelbar vor der zweiten Räumkette 11 durchtrennt. Anschließend wird ein - bezüglich der Arbeitsrichtung 9 - vorderes Gleisende 16 mit Hilfe der Hebeeinrichtung 8 unter Bildung einer Gleislücke 17 angehoben (s. Fig. 1).Once the machine 1 has reached the construction site, both rails 15 of the track 5 are severed immediately before the second clearing chain 11. Subsequently, a front end 16 with respect to the working direction 9 is raised by means of the lifting device 8 to form a track gap 17 (see FIG.

[0013] Als nächstes wird die zweite Räumkette 11 in die Gleislücke 17 eingeführt und bei langsamer Vorfahrt der Maschine 1 durch Aufnahme des Schotters 2 eine Künette 18 gebildet. Nach Erreichen der vorgesehenen Größe der Künette 18 wird die Maschine 1 entgegen der Arbeitsrichtung 9 zurückgefahren, wobei die zweite Räumkette 11 automatisch aus der Gleis- lϋcke 17 heraus geführt wird. Die Hebeeinrichtung 8 wird von den Schienen 15 gelöst, die gegebenenfalls durch einen Laschenverbinder mit den angrenzenden Schienen 15 verbunden werden.Next, the second clearing chain 11 is inserted into the track gap 17 and formed at a low priority of the machine 1 by receiving the ballast 2 a chine 18. After reaching the intended size of the jib 18, the machine 1 is retracted counter to the working direction 9, wherein the second clearing chain 11 automatically from the track gap 17 is led out. The lifting device 8 is released from the rails 15, which are optionally connected by a tab connector with the adjacent rails 15.

[0014] Die Rückfahrt der Maschine 1 wird dann gestoppt, wenn die erste Räumkette 10 unmittelbar hinter der Künette 18 zu liegen kommt. Nach Entfernung der Laschenverbindungen wird das vordere Gleisende 16 nunmehr durch eine Hilfshebeeinrichtung 19 (s. Fig. 2) angehoben, um wiederum eine Gleislücke 17 zu bilden. In diese wird die erste Räumkette 10 unter Vorfahrt der Maschine 1 in Arbeitsrichtung 9 abgesenkt.The return of the machine 1 is then stopped when the first clearing chain 10 comes to rest immediately behind the chine 18. After removal of the tab connections, the front track end 16 is now raised by an auxiliary lifting device 19 (see Fig. 2), to form again a track gap 17. In this, the first clearing chain 10 is lowered in the direction of travel 9 under the right of way of the machine 1.

[0015] In weiterer Folge wird das vordere Gleisende 16 durch die Hebeeinrichtung 8 erfasst und zur Einführung der zweiten Räumkette 11 angehoben (s. Fig. 3). Anschließend werden die Schienen 15 wiederum miteinander verbunden und die Maschine 1 zur kontinuierlichen Entfernung einer ersten und einer zweiten Schotterlage 20, 21 weiter bewegt (s. Fig. 4). Subsequently, the front end of the track 16 is detected by the lifting device 8 and raised for the introduction of the second clearing chain 11 (see Fig. 3). Subsequently, the rails 15 are in turn connected to each other and the machine 1 for the continuous removal of a first and a second ballast layer 20, 21 further moves (see Fig. 4).

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r u c hP a te n t a n s p r o c h Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme einer Maschine (1) mit einer ersten und einer zweiten, zwischen zwei Schienenfahrwerken (4) angeordneten Räumkette (10, 11) zur Aufnahme von unterhalb eines Gleises (5) befindlichem Schotter (2), gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) Schienen (15) des Gleises (5) werden durchtrennt und ein - bezüglich einer Arbeitsrichtung (9) - vorderes Gleisende (16) wird unter Bildung einer Gleislücke (17) angehoben, b) die - bezüglich der Arbeitsrichtung (9) - hintere zweite Räumkette (11) wird in die Gleislücke (17) eingeführt und Schotter (2) zur Bildung einer Künette (18) aufgenommen, c) anschließend wird die Maschine (1) unter Anhebung der zweiten Räumkette (11) zurückgefahren, die erste Räumkette (10) zur Aufnahme von Schotter (2) einer ersten Schotterlage (20) in die Künette (18) eingeführt und die Maschine (1) in Arbeitsrichtung (9) verfahren, d) die zweite Räumkette (11) wird unter Anhebung des vorderen Gleisendes (16) unter das Gleis (5) abgesenkt und zur Aufnahme von Schotter (2) einer zweiten Schotterlage (21) in Betrieb genommen. Method for starting up a machine (1) with a first and a second clearing chain (10, 11) arranged between two rail bogies (4) for receiving ballast (2) located below a track (5), characterized by the following method steps: Rails (15) of the track (5) are severed and a - with respect to a working direction (9) - front track end (16) is raised to form a track gap (17), b) - with respect to the working direction (9) - rear second clearing chain (11) is introduced into the track gap (17) and gravel (2) is taken up to form a chute (18), c) then the machine (1) is raised by raising the second clearing chain (11), the first clearing chain (10) for receiving ballast (2) of a first ballast layer (20) introduced into the trestle (18) and the machine (1) in the working direction (9) proceed, d) the second clearing chain (11) by raising the front track end (16) under the track is (5) lowered and taken to receive gravel (2) of a second ballast layer (21) in operation.
PCT/EP2010/002540 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Method for commissioning a machine Ceased WO2010145729A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK10718077.0T DK2443286T3 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Method for operation of a machine
EA201101600A EA019551B1 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Method for excavating railway ballast stone
CN201080027059.XA CN102459762B (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 method used to start the machine
ES10718077.0T ES2534247T3 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Procedure for commissioning a machine
PL10718077T PL2443286T3 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Method for commissioning a machine
EP10718077.0A EP2443286B1 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Method for commissioning a machine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0093109A AT507789B1 (en) 2009-06-17 2009-06-17 METHOD FOR COMMISSIONING A MACHINE
ATA931/2009 2009-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010145729A1 true WO2010145729A1 (en) 2010-12-23

Family

ID=42537243

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2010/002540 Ceased WO2010145729A1 (en) 2009-06-17 2010-04-24 Method for commissioning a machine

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2443286B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102459762B (en)
AT (1) AT507789B1 (en)
DK (1) DK2443286T3 (en)
EA (1) EA019551B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2534247T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2443286T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2010145729A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13254U1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2013-09-15 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Method and machine for cleaning a ballast bed

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD240043A1 (en) * 1985-08-05 1986-10-15 Deutsche Reichsbahn GRAVEL BED WASHER
US6672398B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-01-06 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Ballast cleaning machine
WO2006074828A1 (en) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-20 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft Mbh Method for cleaning the ballast of a track
WO2007054393A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-18 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft Mbh Method and installation for cleaning of a ballast bed of a track

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6619405B2 (en) * 2001-04-25 2003-09-16 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft Mbh Ballast cleaning machine and method
AT4763U3 (en) * 2001-05-03 2002-03-25 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz METHOD FOR RENEWING A GRAVEL BED AND MACHINE
CN2880892Y (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-03-21 襄樊金鹰轨道车辆有限责任公司 Railway switch ballast cleaning machine
CN201144371Y (en) * 2007-11-15 2008-11-05 昆明中铁大型养路机械集团有限公司 Railroad switch ballast cleaning machine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD240043A1 (en) * 1985-08-05 1986-10-15 Deutsche Reichsbahn GRAVEL BED WASHER
US6672398B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-01-06 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Ballast cleaning machine
WO2006074828A1 (en) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-20 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft Mbh Method for cleaning the ballast of a track
WO2007054393A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-18 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft Mbh Method and installation for cleaning of a ballast bed of a track

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13254U1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2013-09-15 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Method and machine for cleaning a ballast bed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2443286T3 (en) 2015-06-30
EP2443286A1 (en) 2012-04-25
DK2443286T3 (en) 2015-04-13
CN102459762A (en) 2012-05-16
ES2534247T3 (en) 2015-04-21
EA019551B1 (en) 2014-04-30
EA201101600A1 (en) 2012-04-30
AT507789A4 (en) 2010-08-15
AT507789B1 (en) 2010-08-15
CN102459762B (en) 2014-04-09
EP2443286B1 (en) 2015-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CH708460A1 (en) Method and machine for the renewal of sleepers of a track.
EP2398965B1 (en) Machine and method for renovating a track
AT513034B1 (en) Method for submerging a track
DE1658343A1 (en) Processes and devices for the continuous renewal of tracks
EP1253248B1 (en) Ballast cleaning machine and method
EP2756132B1 (en) Machine for removing ballast from a track
EP3253922B1 (en) Railway track renewal process
AT505911B1 (en) MACHINE AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING SCRAP OF A TRACK
EP2443286B1 (en) Method for commissioning a machine
EP2959059B1 (en) Machine for cleaning the ballast of a railway track comprising a gliding pit supporting shield
CH704459B1 (en) A method for starting a clearing device and a track-laying machine with such a clearing device.
EP1841919B1 (en) Method for cleaning the ballast of a track
EP2470719B1 (en) Method for tamping a track
EP2643521B1 (en) Method and machine for cleaning a ballast bed of a track
EP2431522B1 (en) Method and device for manufacturing or renovating a railway track and device for same
DE102018122911A1 (en) Carrying mechanism for a construction machine
WO2017076994A1 (en) Method and track-building machine for renewing sleepers of a track formed from rails and the sleepers
EP2286029A1 (en) Method for the removal of ballast from a track
EP2848736B1 (en) Railway track working train for removing and installing ballast and portable track sections
EP2951350B1 (en) Cleaning machine for cleaning ballast of a track
EP1771625A1 (en) Method for replacing old sleepers of a railway track by new sleepers
EP2852706A1 (en) Method for repairing a ballast bed of a track
DE202007017037U1 (en) Device for removing and loading track ballast
CH707680B1 (en) A device for track building machines for leveling the ballast bedding of a track.
EP2984232A1 (en) Clearing chain of a track cleaning machine with safety rope switch protecting against lateral breaking away

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201080027059.X

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10718077

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201101600

Country of ref document: EA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2010718077

Country of ref document: EP