WO2010143996A1 - Method for preparing an antiseptic additive for a dry building mix and an antiseptic additive for a dry building mix - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for preparing dry building mixes and can be used in the construction industry. The method for preparing an antiseptic additive involves passing a direct current through electrodes immersed in water, producing a colloidal silver solution with a fraction of from 0.005 to 0.015 microns, adding lime prior to agitation in a mixing device, mixing the lime with the colloidal silver solution, drying the resultant colloidal silver-enriched lime paste, grinding the resultant dry mass, screening the ground product, agitating the product a final time, and packing the product into a pre-prepared damp-proof package for later use. The component ratio (in mass%) is: 60% lime, 40% colloidal silver solution, the solution having a 70-75 mg/l silver concentration. The technical result is a broad-spectrum building antiseptic for modifying concrete mixes, mortar mixes and dry building mixes, which can be produced with minimal raw material consumption, demonstrates high technological effectiveness and is easy to transport.

Description

 A method of preparing an antiseptic additive for a dry mortar and an antiseptic additive for a dry mortar

The claimed technical solution relates to construction, and in particular to methods of preparing dry building mixes and can find application in the construction industry in order to erect buildings and restore them to give dry building mixes universal antiseptic properties.

The use of colloidal silver is proposed - with the production of a powdered lime additive - as an antiseptic with its addition to concrete, mortar and dry mortars. The present invention relates to the economical production of building powdered antiseptics based on colloidal silver and lime. This product in the form of a construction antiseptic does not have an established domestic name and international name. The main area of its application is an antiseptic additive in concrete, mortar and dry mortar.

Today, one of the main factors affecting people's health is the microbiological condition of residential premises. Currently, the search for universal tools and modes that can suppress all existing and newly emerging pathogenic microflora in building structures is of particular importance. Mushrooms (mold) actively reproduce at room temperature in conditions of high humidity and ineffective ventilation on many materials, including concrete and plasters. Any building material that does not have biocidal protection can be infected by bacteria and destroyed by mold. Modification of various binders and dry building mixtures to a large extent provides long-term preventive protection to building structures and the people living in them from various harmful microorganisms. Currently, about 100,000 species of fungi have been registered, but their existence is estimated at approximately 250,000 species. We note as a particularly important consequence: mold is dangerous not only for the building structure, but also harmful for human health. What we see is already a fungal body, and the thread of the mycelium can be very far away, within tens and hundreds of meters.

If to destroy the mycelium, then it will be possible to destroy the fungal body, which provides volumetric modification with silver and lime.

Fungal lesions are observed in both old and new buildings. Experiments to study the behavior of materials under the influence of microorganisms and field surveys of buildings and structures show a decrease in strength indicators, destruction of concrete and brick products, peeling of plaster coatings, discoloration or the formation of pigment spots on paint coatings, dissolution of glass, swelling of putties. Cellulose-containing materials, that is, materials modified with cellulose ethers and starch, are most susceptible to biodegradation, which is a global standard and practice.

An analogue is the RF patent for the invention N ° 2332375 of 04/03/2006. MPK-7: C04B 18/08, published on 10/10/2007. and a protective method for preparing an additive in concrete, mortar and dry mortar, as well as an additive in concrete, mortar and dry mortar. An analogous method involves mixing the components of this additive in a mixing device to obtain granules, while initially silica fume is introduced into the mixing device, then the silica fume is mixed, applying water or a solution of a chemical additive — a plasticizing additive or hardening regulator, or an air entraining additive to it or antifrosty additives, or mixtures thereof, to obtain granules, then stop the flow of water or a solution of the specified chemical additives, served microcra content and continue mixing until the wet granules are coated with a layer of dry silica fume, while the ratio of the components is as follows, wt.%:

Water 10-20

Chemical additive 0-15 Silica fume An analogue method and an additive made by this method relate to the processing of industrial waste - dust from gas treatment plants for the production of silicon-containing ferroalloys and metallic silicon, which are components of a substance such as silica fume. The main field of application of silica fume is an active additive in concrete, mortar and dry mortar.

However, the additive described in this analogue and the analogue method, when trying to use it in industry, may not be functioning well due to the complexity of the processes. At the same time, the resulting dry mortar may be unsuitable for use in homes due to the toxicity of silica fume.

Common features of the analogue and the claimed technical solution: the presence of binders, mixing the components of the specified additives with a dry building mixture.

The difference between the claimed technical solution and the analogue is manifested in the fact that the claimed technical solution discloses the possibilities of producing an additive and a dry building mixture with such an additive that is not only not harmful to humans, but is beneficial when placing people in rooms built using the inventive additive .

The prior art is presented by the RF patent for the invention ЖШ8724 from 09/04/2007. (PROTOTYPE), MPK-7: C04B 39/00, published 20.1. and protecting dry heat-insulating gypsum-foam polystyrene mortar for coatings, products and structures and the method for its preparation. Dry heat-insulating gypsum-foam polystyrene building mix-prototype includes polystyrene granules, a mineral binder, a plasticizing additive based on lignosulfonates and water, while the mixture contains a gypsum binding agent as a mineral binder, technical sodium lignosulfonates as an additive based on lignosulfonates, and additionally contains calcium hydroxide, triphosphate and sodium polycarboxylate in the following ratio of components of the mixture, wt.%: - A - polystyrene granules 2.0-6.0 gypsum binder 91, 0-96.0 technical sodium lignosulfonates 0.3-0.4 sodium tripolyphosphate 0.03-0.2 calcium hydroxide d calcium 1.3-1, 9 sodium polycarboxylate 0.06-0, 13 water rest

The prototype method of manufacturing a dry heat-insulating gypsum-foam polystyrene building mixture includes treating polystyrene granules with an aqueous solution of a mixture containing technical sodium lignosulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polycarboxylate with stirring until the polystyrene foam granules are completely wetted, followed by dusting the moistened polystyrene foam granules with a powder of calcium hydroxide and stirring in series with powder gypsum binder of its total amount used, per sushivanie polystyrene granules and mixing them with the remaining amount of gypsum binder. The prototype invention relates to compositions used as means for simultaneous thermal insulation, leveling surfaces, sealing joints and sealing them, as well as, in particular, in the preparation of various surfaces before their subsequent finishing and can be used in various industries, for example , in construction, in mechanical engineering, in everyday life, in particular, in the construction of industrial and civil buildings, as well as in heat engineering. Several different goals of creating the claimed technical solution and prototype identified the position of difference between them.

However, the method described in the prototype, when trying to use it in industry, can be difficult and expensive.

Common features of the prototype and the claimed technical solution are the presence of binders and the mixing process.

The difference between the claimed technical solution from the prototype is manifested in the fact that the claimed technical solution reveals the possibilities of effective creating a chemically and bacteriologically safe dry building mixture, and in the prototype the mixture is devoid of bioprotection and is intended for surface treatment and this is associated with a set of mixture components. In the prototype, a substance for decoration, and in the claimed technical solution, biosecurity is proposed, which can be added to any group of building materials. With the help of bioprotection, one of the main binders is activated - lime.

The claimed technical solution relates to the modification of various binders and dry building mixtures of all types with a composition of lime with silver powder.

The purpose of the development of the claimed technical solution is the development of an effective, environmentally friendly and industrially applicable method for the universal protection of building structures, as a human environment, from pathogens and fungi (mold). The goal is a method of preparing additives in concrete, mortar and dry mortars with minimal raw material costs, high adaptability and transportability

The technical task is to create a technical process that can ensure the receipt of additives - modifier on a specific binder. To prepare the additive, a colloidal silver solution is initially produced, obtained using a colloidal ion generator with a silver concentration in the solution of up to 85 mg /, then the resulting solution is mixed with hydrated lime until a viscous mass (lime test) is obtained, then the lime dough mixed with a solution of colloidal silver , is dried, after which it is ground to a state typical of lime - fluff and mixed in a mixer into a homogeneous composition. The ratio of the components of the additive is as follows, wt.%: A solution of colloidal silver - 40, lime - the rest.

EFFECT: obtaining a broad-spectrum construction antiseptic for bulk modification of concrete, mortar and dry construction mixtures. The colloidal silver solution used for mixing lime is a solution consisting of pure, demineralized water and submicroscopic particles of mineral silver, in the form of silver nitrate. The preparation of aqueous solutions of colloidal silver is based on the electrolytic method — transmission of a constant electric current through electrodes immersed in water. In this case, the silver electrode (anode), dissolving, saturates the water with silver ions Ag +. The concentration of the resulting solution at a given current strength through the electrodes depends on the operating time of the current source and the volume of treated water. The colloidal solution contains silver particles of the highest sample from 0.005 to 0.015 microns. An aqueous solution of colloidal silver is initially an effective antiseptic that can counteract the nucleation and development of from 650 and up to 700 varieties of pathogenic microbes, viruses and fungi. However, the state in the form of a solution extremely complicates its direct use during construction and restoration due to the absence of any guarantees of exact observance of the formulation and dosage. Thus, the principle of effective efficiency is losing its significance. The main processing of the solution is to enrich the lime with colloidal silver and transfer the silver particles from the solution to the dry phase. This increases the transportability of the composition and its manufacturability, and it is possible to introduce special chemical additives for the complex effect in the resulting product.

Unlike synthetic antiseptics, colloidal silver does not cause the formation of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to it, which ensures the stability of its antiseptic properties. The use of colloidal silver in concrete, mortar and dry building mixtures, in order to give them antifungal and antibacterial properties, due to the durability of the system will significantly reduce the cost of maintaining buildings of historical and artistic value. When used in the housing sector, in addition to significant direct economic efficiency (increasing the maintenance-free service of buildings and facades), normalizing the microbiological background will allow people to remain healthy. The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the method of preparing an antiseptic additive for a dry building mixture includes mixing the components of the specified additives containing colloidal silver in a mixing device to obtain a homogeneous mass of enriched colloidal silver lime test, subsequent drying, grinding and finishing mixing of the product, this group of technological operations and their sequence are as follows: - transmission of direct electric current through immersed in water electrodes, while the silver electrode (anode), dissolving, saturates the water with Ag + silver ions, and the concentration of the resulting solution at a given current through the electrodes depends on the operating time of the current source and the volume of the treated water, and the colloidal solution contains silver particles of the highest sample from 0.005 to 0.015 microns; - obtaining a solution of colloidal silver, while the solution of colloidal silver used for mixing lime is a solution consisting of pure, demineralized water and submicroscopic particles of mineral silver, in the form of silver nitrate, and the preparation of aqueous solutions of colloidal silver is based on the electrolytic method; - introduction of lime before mixing into the mixing device; - a mixture of lime on a solution of colloidal silver; - drying the resulting lime test enriched with colloidal silver; - grinding the resulting dry mass; - sifting of the obtained grinding; - finishing mixing; - packaging in prepared, moisture-proof containers for further use, while the ratio of the components is as follows, wt.%:

Lime 60%

A solution of colloidal silver 40% with silver concentrations in the solution of 70 - 75 mg / L.

An antiseptic additive for a dry building mix is a dry, fine powder with a specific surface area of at least 5000-7000 cm2 / g, enriched with colloidal silver fraction from 0.005 to 0.015 microns.

The mechanism of production of the additive is as follows. To prepare the lime test, a colloidal solution is first introduced into hydrated lime silver in an amount of 40%, then the water is removed by drying to a level of 1-5% moisture. At the same time, the costs of removing water by drying are necessary to transfer the additive from the state of the lime test to the solid state. To obtain the required grinding of lime enriched with colloidal silver (specific surface area 5000-7000 cm2 / g or more), vibration mills should be used. Enriched lime is pre-crushed to a grain size not exceeding 2 mm. The grinding fineness is usually characterized by the residues on the Ns 02 and 008 sieves and by the specific surface value. According to GOST 9179-77, residues on these screens are allowed up to 1 and 15%, respectively. Obtained by this method, the additive has a bulk density of 900 kg / m ³ or more, which provides the necessary processability and transportability of the product.

The use of silver-enriched lime modification of various binders and dry building mixtures in order to give them antifungal and antibacterial properties due to the durability of the system will significantly reduce the cost of maintaining buildings of historical and artistic value. When used in the housing sector, in addition to significant direct economic efficiency (increasing the maintenance-free service of buildings and facades), normalizing the microbiological background will allow people to remain healthy. Mold and its spores together with other microorganisms (viruses, bacteria) are found in the air of any room, either separately, in the form of small particles (mold spores usually 2 - 8 microns, bacteria usually 0.5 - 1.5 microns), and in the form of aggregates of various sizes , as well as in the form of microinclusions in other dust particles. Both outdoors and indoors, there are seasonal changes in the amount of spores or other mold particles.

Some fungi form spores year-round, for example Repicillium. Mold spreads through the air in the form of microscopic spores. When it hits a wet surface, it sprouts with the finest threads (mycelium). Silver is practically powerless in the fight against fungal spores, but, quite effectively affects the mycelium. The effect of the destruction of bacteria and viruses with silver preparations is extremely high compared to existing ones. construction antiseptics. In particular, it is 1750 times stronger than carbolic acid in the same concentration and 3.5 times stronger than the action of mercuric chloride. It has been reliably established that the disinfecting properties of silver are 5 times more active than chlorine, bleach, sodium hypochloride and other strong oxidizing agents. According to various experts, silver ions kill from 650 and up to 700 varieties of pathogenic microbes, viruses and fungi, which significantly exceeds the antiseptics used in the spectrum of the positive effect. Due to adsorption in the pores of the building material, the silver modifier - antiseptic, unlike existing building antiseptics, has a stable long-term effect, providing lifelong protection to building structures. Unlike modern synthetic antiseptics, silver does not cause the formation of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to it.

Silver (colloidal - in a non-ionized state) is a natural antiseptic, absolutely safe and non-toxic, powerful and broad-spectrum, preventing the growth and reproduction of viruses, bacteria and fungi, safe for highly organized life forms (even when taken internally by a person, a dose of silver 50- 250 μg / l are physiological and do not have a harmful effect on the body with prolonged use). For highly effective destruction of viruses, bacteria and fungi, 0.01-0.09 mg per lkg of dry building mixture is enough. Silver exhibits an oligo dynamic effect (suppression of pathogenic microorganisms) only in ionized form.

It is believed that the ideal conditions for the appearance and spread of fungus (mold) are a temperature of + 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 90% - 95% and higher. These conditions, primarily humidity, are sufficient for the formation of silver ions and thereby the effect of silver on the surrounding microflora. In all cases, the bactericidal effect is higher and the degree of silver activity is greater, the higher the concentration of silver ions.

EXAMPLE of a specific implementation of the method.

The principle of the invention can be considered in the following example. 180 kg of hydrated lime are charged into a 500 liter mixer Prepare for feeding 120 liters of colloidal silver solution into the mixer. In this case, the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Lime - 60%

Colloidal silver solution - 40%

The solution of colloidal silver is fed into the mixer after the mixing mode is turned on. The feed rate of the colloidal silver solution should be consistent with the mixing speed of the mixer. Then, the resulting mass is dried in a drying chamber at a temperature of from 600C to 700C to a content of 4% - 5% moisture. The resulting product in the form of pieces is subjected to fine crushing. If they contain more than 4-5% moisture, then they are dried to a moisture content of 1-3% during crushing in a hammer or impact centrifugal crusher. The temperature of the material during grinding should not exceed 50 ° C-75 ° C. (The tendency of thin particles of lime to aggregate greatly affects the performance of the mill. The particles adhere to the grinding bodies, which is associated with additional energy costs for the destruction of aggregates, and the fluidity of the material is deteriorated. It is advisable to use vibration-type mills to optimize the grinding process). Enriched with colloidal silver, lime is preliminarily crushed to a grain of no more than 2 mm in size. then, using a vibration mill, they are brought to a state with a specific surface of 5000-7000 cm2 / g. The resulting product of 300 kg is loaded into a mixer with a capacity of 500 liters and subjected to three-minute finishing mixing.

Thus, the claimed group of inventions meets the requirement of the unity of the invention, since one of the claimed objects is a method of preparing additives in concrete, mortar and dry building mixtures, and the second claimed object is a substance obtained by the claimed method.

The highly effective bactericidal properties of silver in solving the problem in a short period of time, manifests itself even at a concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mg / kg. However, many problems can be solved in 10 - 60 minutes. Given the proposed production of volumetric rather than surface modification with silver, a highly effective concentration of silver in binders and CCC is 0.01-0.09 mg / kg. But even at lower concentrations, silver ions quite effectively bind to the components of bacterial membranes and dramatically change their transport functions, inhibit the flow of nutrients into the cell and simultaneously activate the leakage of vital metabolites from the cells. The result of this multicenter action of silver ions on a microbial cell is growth retardation or the death of bacteria (mold cellular structure).

The effectiveness of powdered (colloidal) silver is manifested due to its ability to inactivate the action of a special enzyme used by many forms of bacteria, viruses and fungi for its metabolism. It was revealed that pathogenic microflora is much more sensitive to silver ions than non-pathogenic. The suppressive mechanism of the action of positive silver ions on pathogenic bacteria is explained by the fact that they (silver ions) combine with negative valencies (active centers of bacteria) on the surface of microbial cells. Thereby, the active centers of the bacterium are blocked, through which it carries out the exchange of substances and energy with the environment. This blockage leads to the death of bacteria. Silver provides oligodynamic (drying) effect of silver by disabling enzymes containing SH - and COOH - groups. Violation of one of these enzymes leads to the shutdown of the functions of the entire microbial and viral cell system. It is also assumed that one of the reasons for the wide antimicrobial effect of silver ions is the inhibition of the transmembrane transport of Na + and Ca ++ caused by silver.

Thus, the mechanism of action of silver on a microbial cell in the light of modern data is that silver ions are sorbed by the cell membrane, which performs a protective function. The cell remains viable, but some of its functions are violated, for example, division (bacteriostatic effect). As soon as silver is adsorbed on the surface of the microbial cell, it penetrates into the cell and inhibits the enzymes of the respiratory chain, as well as separates the oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in microbial cells, as a result of which the cell dies. In the prior art, no such combination of technical efficiency and economy was found, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty", "inventive level" and ((industrial applicability)).

Claims

F O R M U L A I Z O B R T E N I Y A method for preparing an antiseptic additive for a dry mortar and an antiseptic additive for a dry mortar 1. A method of preparing an antiseptic additive for a dry building mixture, comprising mixing the components of the specified additives containing colloidal silver in a mixing device to obtain a homogeneous mass of lime-enriched colloidal silver dough, subsequent drying, grinding and finishing mixing of the product, while the group of technological operations and their The sequence is as follows: - passing a constant electric current through the electrodes immersed in water, while the silver electrode (anode), dissolving, saturates the water with Ag + silver ions, and the concentration of the resulting solution at a given current strength through the electrodes depends on the operating time of the current source and the volume of the treated water, and the colloid the solution contains silver particles of the highest sample from 0.005 to 0.015 microns; - obtaining a solution of colloidal silver, while the solution of colloidal silver used for mixing lime is a solution consisting of pure, demineralized water and submicroscopic particles of mineral silver, in the form of silver nitrate, and the preparation of aqueous solutions of colloidal silver is based on the electrolytic method; - introduction of lime before mixing into the mixing device; - a mixture of lime on a solution of colloidal silver; - drying the resulting lime test enriched with colloidal silver; - grinding the resulting dry mass; - sifting of the obtained grinding; - finishing mixing; - packaging in prepared, moisture-proof containers for further use, while the ratio of the components is as follows, wt.%: Lime 60% A solution of colloidal silver 40% with silver concentrations in the solution of 70 - 75 mg / L. 2. An antiseptic additive for a dry building mixture, characterized in that it is a dry, finely divided powder with a specific surface area of at least 5000-7000 cm2 / g, enriched with colloidal silver fraction from 0.005 to 0.015 microns.