WO2010038433A1 - プローブカードの製造方法、プローブカード、半導体装置の製造方法およびプローブの形成方法 - Google Patents
プローブカードの製造方法、プローブカード、半導体装置の製造方法およびプローブの形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010038433A1 WO2010038433A1 PCT/JP2009/005002 JP2009005002W WO2010038433A1 WO 2010038433 A1 WO2010038433 A1 WO 2010038433A1 JP 2009005002 W JP2009005002 W JP 2009005002W WO 2010038433 A1 WO2010038433 A1 WO 2010038433A1
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- Prior art keywords
- probe
- forming
- probes
- plating
- wiring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/073—Multiple probes
- G01R1/07307—Multiple probes with individual probe elements, e.g. needles, cantilever beams or bump contacts, fixed in relation to each other, e.g. bed of nails fixture or probe card
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/073—Multiple probes
- G01R1/07307—Multiple probes with individual probe elements, e.g. needles, cantilever beams or bump contacts, fixed in relation to each other, e.g. bed of nails fixture or probe card
- G01R1/07342—Multiple probes with individual probe elements, e.g. needles, cantilever beams or bump contacts, fixed in relation to each other, e.g. bed of nails fixture or probe card the body of the probe being at an angle other than perpendicular to test object, e.g. probe card
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/4038—Through-connections; Vertical interconnect access [VIA] connections
- H05K3/4084—Through-connections; Vertical interconnect access [VIA] connections by deforming at least one of the conductive layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of measuring instruments, e.g. of probe tips
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/01—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
- H05K2203/0195—Tool for a process not provided for in H05K3/00, e.g. tool for handling objects using suction, for deforming objects, for applying local pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49147—Assembling terminal to base
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49147—Assembling terminal to base
- Y10T29/49149—Assembling terminal to base by metal fusion bonding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49147—Assembling terminal to base
- Y10T29/49151—Assembling terminal to base by deforming or shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
- Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base
- Y10T29/49165—Manufacturing circuit on or in base by forming conductive walled aperture in base
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a probe card and a method for manufacturing the same, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using the probe card, and a method for forming a probe.
- a prober device is known as a device for inspecting the electrical characteristics of each semiconductor chip (semiconductor device) fabricated on a semiconductor wafer.
- a probe card is attached to the prober device.
- the probe card inspects semiconductor chips on a semiconductor wafer one by one. Probes for inspection are arranged on the probe card so as to conform to the arrangement of all external terminals (input terminals and output terminals) of each semiconductor chip.
- a probe card is aligned on one semiconductor chip on a semiconductor wafer.
- the probes are brought into contact with all the external terminals so that one probe corresponds to one external terminal.
- an electrical signal is input from the prober device to the input terminal of the semiconductor chip.
- an electrical signal output from the output terminal of the semiconductor chip in accordance with the input signal is read by the probe device, and the signal waveform is compared with an expected value stored in advance in the probe device. This comparison determines whether the electrical characteristics of the inspected chip are good or bad.
- the tip of the probe is polished by electrical discharge machining or the like after the probe is made thinner than the other parts, thereby preventing contact between adjacent probes and reducing the pitch of the probe tip.
- the formation method of this is proposed.
- a probe card capable of collectively inspecting a plurality of semiconductor chips.
- the probe cards are produced manually by skilled workers one by one, the production of such a probe card requires a very long time and is very expensive to manufacture.
- the tip of the probe can be thinned, but once the probe is manufactured, the tip must be processed. Therefore, it takes much time and the production efficiency is lowered.
- a method for manufacturing a probe card according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a probe card for collectively inspecting electrical characteristics of a plurality of semiconductor devices, wherein the semiconductor device is formed on one side of a board forming a base of the probe card.
- Forming a plurality of probes in contact with external terminals of the substrate, forming a plurality of through holes reaching the probes from the other surface of the board by photolithography and etching, and each of the through holes Forming a through electrode connected to the probe in a hole so as to be conductive, and forming a wiring connected to the through electrode so as to be conductive on the other surface side of the board.
- a plurality of probes are formed on one side of the board constituting the base of the probe card.
- a plurality of through holes reaching each probe from the other direction are formed in the board by photolithography and etching.
- a through electrode connected to the probe so as to be conductive is formed in each through hole.
- a wiring that is electrically connected to the through electrode is formed on the other surface side of the board.
- a large number of very thin probes are arranged using tweezers or the like on one surface of a ceramic substrate that forms the base of the probe card.
- This probe is routed to the other surface side of the ceramic substrate through one large opening opened in a substantially central portion of the ceramic substrate. Then, the routed probe is manually connected to a wiring separately formed on the other surface of the ceramic substrate.
- work must be performed with respect to each probe, long time and high cost are needed for preparation of a probe card.
- a plurality of through holes are formed using a technique adopted in a semiconductor device manufacturing process such as photolithography and etching, and each through hole is formed in each through hole.
- Conductivity between the probe and the wiring is achieved. That is, one probe and a wiring can be connected through one through electrode by using a technique adopted in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device. Therefore, the connection time per probe can be shortened. Therefore, more probes and wirings can be connected without increasing the probe card manufacturing time as compared with the prior art. As a result, a probe card capable of collectively inspecting a plurality of semiconductor devices can be easily manufactured at low cost.
- the probe card of the present invention can be manufactured by this manufacturing method. That is, a silicon-based board, a plurality of probes formed on one side of the silicon-based board and in contact with external terminals of the semiconductor device, and formed corresponding to the probes, the one of the silicon-based boards A plurality of through holes penetrating between the first surface and the other surface on the opposite side; a through electrode embedded in the through hole and connected to be electrically connected to the probe; and on the other surface side of the silicon-based board A probe card can be manufactured, which includes a wiring formed and connected to be electrically conductive with the through electrode, wherein a plurality of the probes are arranged in a predetermined pattern. .
- the probe card manufacturing method since a plurality of probes are provided, with a plurality of probes as one set, a plurality of semiconductor chips can be inspected collectively. Therefore, the throughput in inspection can be improved. As a result, the time required for the inspection of the semiconductor chip can be shortened.
- the probe, the through electrode, and the wiring are preferably formed by a plating method.
- the probe, the through electrode, and the wiring are created by a plating method. Since the probe, the through electrode, and the wiring are formed by a simple process such as plating, the probe card can be manufactured at a lower cost and more easily. In addition, since the probe, the through electrode, and the wiring can be formed using the same plating apparatus, an increase in equipment cost can be suppressed.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: forming a plurality of semiconductor chips having a plurality of external terminals for electrical connection on a semiconductor wafer; and inspecting the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor chip using a probe card. And a step of dividing the semiconductor wafer into the semiconductor chips after inspection, and the probe card is formed on one side of the silicon-based board and the silicon-based board.
- a plurality of probes that are in contact with each other, a plurality of through holes that are formed corresponding to each of the probes and penetrate between the one surface of the silicon-based board and the other surface on the opposite side, and the through holes
- a plurality of probes arranged in a predetermined pattern as a set, and in the inspection, one set of the probe and one external terminal of the semiconductor chip are connected. The electrical characteristics of the plurality of semiconductor chips are collectively checked by bringing them into contact and inputting an electrical signal to each of the external terminals.
- a method for forming a probe comprising: a tip portion having a relatively small thickness that contacts an external terminal of the semiconductor device; and a support portion having a relatively large thickness that supports the tip portion.
- a method for forming a probe used for inspecting electrical characteristics of a semiconductor substrate, the step of forming a plating base layer made of a metal material on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, and the tip on the plating base layer by a plating method A step of selectively forming a first plating layer having the same thickness as a portion, a step of forming a mask covering a predetermined portion of the first plating layer, and a plating method, from the mask in the first plating layer. Forming a second plating layer having a thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the tip portion from the thickness of the support portion on the exposed portion.
- the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device are inspected by having the relatively thin tip portion that contacts the external terminal of the semiconductor device and the relatively thick support portion that supports the tip portion.
- the probe used to do so is formed. Specifically, a first plating layer having the same thickness as the tip is selectively formed on the plating base layer formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate by plating. After the formation of the first plating layer, a predetermined portion of the first plating layer is covered with a mask. Then, a second plating layer having a thickness obtained by subtracting the thickness of the tip portion from the thickness of the support portion is formed on the portion of the first plating layer exposed from the mask by plating. Thereby, a front-end
- the tip portion is made of the first plating layer
- the support portion is made of the first plating layer and the second plating layer. Therefore, the thickness of the tip portion is relatively small and the thickness of the support portion is relatively large. Therefore, even if the probe pitch is reduced in accordance with the pitch of the external terminals of the semiconductor device, contact between adjacent probes can be prevented by designing the thickness of the first plating layer to an appropriate thickness. Can do. Therefore, by the above method, a probe that can cope with a narrow pitch of the external terminals of the semiconductor device can be formed. As a result, the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device can be accurately inspected using the probe formed by the above method.
- the tip portion having a relatively small thickness is formed by a plating method in the process of forming the probe. Therefore, there is no need to process the tip by polishing the probe after fabrication. Therefore, a probe having a tip portion having a relatively small thickness can be easily formed without trouble.
- an outer frame surrounding the probe and a connecting portion for connecting the outer frame and the probe are formed together with the probe, and the outer frame includes the first plating layer and the probe. It consists of a 2nd plating layer, and it is preferable that the said connection part consists of a said 1st plating layer.
- an outer frame that surrounds the probe and a connecting portion that connects the outer frame and the probe are formed. Since the probe is supported by the outer frame via the connecting portion, the probe can be easily separated from the semiconductor substrate by separating the outer frame from the semiconductor substrate. Furthermore, an outer frame consists of a 1st plating layer and a 2nd plating layer, and a connection part consists of a 1st plating layer. Therefore, the outer frame and the connecting portion can be formed by the same process as the probe. Further, since the connecting portion is formed of the first plating layer having a relatively small thickness, the probe and the connecting portion can be easily separated after the outer frame (probe) and the semiconductor substrate are separated.
- the step of forming the first plating layer is a step of forming the first plating layer using a metal material different from the plating base layer.
- the first plating layer is formed using a metal material different from the plating base layer. If the metal material is different, the etching rate for a specific etching solution is different. Therefore, the first plating layer can be easily separated from the semiconductor substrate by the lift-off method using the difference in etching rate between the first plating layer and the plating base layer.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line circle shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view when the unit cell shown in FIG. 2 is cut along a cutting line indicated by III-III. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the probe card shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the next step of FIG. 4A. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the next process of FIG. 4B.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4C.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4D.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4I.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4J.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the next step of FIG. 4K.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4M.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4N.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic sectional view showing a step subsequent to FIG. 4O.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic cross sectional view showing the next process of FIG. 4P. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the next process of FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the next step of FIG. 5B.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view when the probe shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is cut along a cutting line indicated by VIIA-VIIA.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view when the probe shown in FIG. 6 is cut along a cutting line indicated by VIIB-VIIB.
- It is typical sectional drawing which shows the formation method of the probe shown in FIG. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the process following FIG. 8A. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the next process of FIG. 8B. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the next process of FIG. 8C. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the process following FIG. 8D. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the next process of FIG. 8E.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a probe card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the probe card 1 is a device for collectively inspecting electrical characteristics of a plurality of semiconductor chips (semiconductor devices) formed on a semiconductor wafer, and includes a silicon substrate 2 as a disk-shaped silicon-based board. Yes.
- a wiring unit 3 having a circular shape in plan view is provided in which probes and wirings necessary for inspecting the semiconductor chip are arranged.
- the wiring unit 3 is formed with an inspection portion 4 having a substantially square shape in plan view.
- the inspection unit 4 is partitioned into a 5 ⁇ 5 lattice window, for example.
- Each lattice window section defined in the inspection unit 4 forms a unit cell 5 corresponding to one chip of the semiconductor chip, and is formed in a square shape in plan view.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a two-dot chain line circle shown in FIG.
- Each unit cell 5 is provided with a probe 6.
- the probe 6 is provided as a set with the same number of external terminals (for example, electrode pads 54 to be described later) of one semiconductor chip (for example, each of semiconductor chips 53 to be described later). They are arranged at a pitch that matches the pitch of the external terminals of a certain semiconductor chip.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the unit cell shown in FIG. 2 taken along the cutting line indicated by III-III.
- An oxide film 7 and an oxide film 8 made of silicon oxide are formed on one surface 2A and the other surface 2B of the silicon substrate 2, respectively.
- a base wiring 9 is selectively formed on the oxide film 7.
- the base wiring 9 is made of aluminum, for example.
- the probe 6 is connected to the ground wiring 9.
- the probe 6 has a first vertical portion 10 extending vertically upward from the base wiring 9 with respect to the one surface 2A of the silicon substrate 2, and a lower end located substantially on the same plane as the upper end of the first vertical portion 10,
- a second vertical portion 11 extending vertically upward with respect to the one surface 2A of the substrate 2 and the inside and outside of the unit cell 5 in parallel with the one surface 2A of the silicon substrate 2, and the upper end of the first vertical portion 10 and the second
- the connecting portion 12 that connects the lower end of the vertical portion 11 is integrally provided.
- the probe 6 is formed in a crank shape floating from the surface of the oxide film 7.
- the probe 6 is made of a metal that can be formed by a plating method, and is made of, for example, nickel, a nickel alloy (eg, nickel-manganese alloy). Since the probe 6 is made of the metal as described above and has a crank shape, an appropriate spring characteristic can be imparted to the probe 6. Due to such spring characteristics, the probe 6 can be brought into good contact with the external terminal, and damage to the external terminal due to the contact of the probe 6 can be suppressed.
- the seed film 13 is a base film when the probe 6 is grown by plating, and is made of, for example, a Ti / Cu laminated film, a TiW / Au laminated film, or the like.
- a through hole 15 penetrating the silicon substrate 2 and the oxide film 7 is formed from a portion facing the base wiring 9 through the silicon substrate 2 on the surface of the oxide film 8.
- a through electrode 16 is embedded in the through hole 15.
- the through electrode 16 is electrically connected to the probe 6 through the base wiring 9.
- the through electrode 16 can be formed by a plating method and is made of a low-resistance metal suitable as a wiring material.
- the through electrode 16 is made of copper, titanium / titanium nitride / aluminum-copper alloy (Ti / TiN / Al—Cu), or the like. Become.
- a seed film 17 is interposed over the entire area between the through electrode 16 and the inner surface of the through hole 15.
- the seed film 17 is a base film when the through electrode 16 is plated and grown, and is made of, for example, a Ti / Cu laminated film, a TiW / Au laminated film, or the like.
- a lead wiring 18 that is electrically connected to the through electrode 16 and is drawn on the oxide film 8 is formed in a predetermined pattern.
- the lead wiring 18 can be formed by a plating method and is made of a low-resistance metal suitable as a wiring material.
- the wiring 18 is made of copper, titanium / titanium nitride / aluminum-copper alloy (Ti / TiN / Al—Cu), or the like. Become.
- a seed film 19 is interposed between the routing wiring 18 and the oxide film 8.
- the seed film 19 is a base film when the lead wiring 18 is plated and grown, and is made of, for example, a Ti / Cu laminated film, a TiW / Au laminated film, or the like.
- 4A to 4Q are schematic cross-sectional views showing the method of manufacturing the probe card shown in FIG. 1 in the order of steps, and are cross-sectional views in the same cut plane as FIG.
- an oxide film 7 and an oxide film 8 are formed on one surface 2A and the other surface 2B of the silicon substrate 2 by thermal oxidation, respectively.
- an aluminum film 20 as a material for the underlying wiring 9 is formed on the oxide film 7 by sputtering.
- the aluminum film 20 is patterned by a photolithography technique and an etching technique. As a result, the base wiring 9 is formed on the oxide film 7.
- a sacrificial film 21 is applied on the oxide film 7.
- the sacrificial film 21 is an insulating material that can withstand sputtering of a metal material, and is made of, for example, polyimide, a low-k material (for example, SiOC), or the like.
- the sacrificial film 21 is patterned into a pattern of the first vertical portion 10 of the probe 6 by a photolithography technique and an etching technique. As a result, an opening 22 having the same pattern as that of the first vertical portion 10 is formed in the sacrificial film 21 so as to partially expose the base wiring 9.
- a seed film 13 is formed on the inner surface of the opening 22 and the entire surface of the sacrificial film 21 by sputtering.
- the material of the probe 6 is plated and grown in the opening 22 as shown in FIG. 4E. Plating growth continues until the material fills the opening 22. Thereby, the first vertical portion 10 of the probe 6 is formed in the opening 22.
- a sacrificial film 23 is applied on the seed film 13.
- the sacrificial film 23 is made of the same material as the sacrificial film 21, for example.
- the sacrificial film 23 is patterned into a pattern of the connecting portion 12 of the probe 6 by photolithography technique and etching technique.
- a probe groove 24 having the same pattern as that of the connecting portion 12 is formed in the sacrificial film 23 to partially expose the seed film 13.
- the material of the probe 6 is plated and grown in the probe groove 24. Plating growth continues until the material fills the probe groove 24. Thereby, the connecting portion 12 of the probe 6 is formed in the probe groove 24.
- a sacrificial film 25 is applied on the sacrificial film 21.
- the sacrificial film 25 is made of the same material as the sacrificial film 21, for example.
- the sacrificial film 25 is patterned into a pattern of the second vertical portion 11 of the probe 6 by a photolithography technique and an etching technique. As a result, an opening 26 having the same pattern as that of the second vertical portion 11 is formed in the sacrificial film 25 to partially expose the connecting portion 12.
- the material of the probe 6 is grown by plating from the connecting portion 12. The plating growth is continued until the material protrudes above the sacrificial film 25 from the opening 26. As a result, the second vertical portion 11 of the probe 6 protruding from the opening 26 to above the sacrificial film 25 is formed.
- a protective film 27 is applied to the entire surface of the sacrificial film 25.
- the protective film 27 is made of, for example, the same material as the sacrificial film 21 and is formed with a thickness that covers the entire second vertical portion 11 protruding from the sacrificial film 25. Thereby, the one surface 2A side of the silicon substrate 2 is protected by the protective film 27.
- a mask 28 is applied on the oxide film 8.
- a patterning material in a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device such as a known photoresist is applied.
- the mask 28 is patterned into a pattern of the through holes 15.
- an opening 29 having the same pattern as the through hole 15 is formed at a position facing the base wiring 9 through the silicon substrate 2 in the mask 28.
- the oxide film 8, the silicon substrate 2 and the oxide film 7 are dry-etched through the opening 29. In this way, a through hole 15 that penetrates the silicon substrate 2 and the oxide film 7 from the surface of the oxide film 8 and reaches the back surface of the base wiring 9 is formed.
- the mask 28 is removed by ashing.
- a seed film 17 is formed over the entire inner surface of the through hole 15 and a seed film 19 is formed over the entire surface of the oxide film 8 by sputtering.
- the material of the through electrode 16 is plated and grown in the through hole 15 as shown in FIG. 4M. The plating growth is continued until the material fills the through hole 15. Thereby, the penetration electrode 16 embedded in the penetration hole 15 is obtained.
- the through electrode 16 filling the through hole 15 is electrically connected to the probe 6 through the base wiring 9.
- a mask 30 is applied on the seed film 19.
- the material of the mask 30 for example, the same material as the mask 28 is applied.
- the mask 30 is patterned into a pattern of the routing wiring 18.
- a wiring groove 31 having the same pattern as the routing wiring 18 is formed in the mask 30 to partially expose the seed film 19.
- the material of the lead wiring 18 is grown in the wiring groove 31 by plating. The plating growth is continued until the material fills the wiring groove 31. As a result, the lead wiring 18 is formed in the wiring groove 31.
- the mask 30 is removed by ashing. Subsequently, the sacrificial film 23, the sacrificial film 25, and the protective film 27 on the seed film 13 are collectively removed by wet etching. Next, as shown in FIG. 4P, the portion of the seed film 13 exposed from the probe 6 is removed by wet etching using an etchant having an etching rate higher than that of the probe 6 with respect to the seed film 13. That is, the seed film 13 covered with the connecting portion 12 of the probe 6 remains after the wet etching.
- a portion of the seed film 19 exposed from the routing wiring 18 is removed by wet etching using an etchant having a higher etching rate with respect to the seed film 19 than the routing wiring 18. That is, the seed film 19 covered with the routing wiring 18 remains after the wet etching.
- the sacrificial film 21 is removed by ashing or wet etching.
- the probe 6 floats from the surface of the oxide film 7, and a gap with a predetermined interval is formed between the probe 6 and the oxide film 7.
- the probe card 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- a process of forming other members provided in the probe card 1 is executed in addition to the processes shown in FIGS. 4A to 4Q, but is omitted here.
- the opening 22, the probe groove 24, and the opening 26 are formed in the sacrificial film 21, the sacrificial film 23, and the sacrificial film 25, respectively, by the photolithography technique and the etching technique (FIG. 4C). , F, H).
- the first vertical portion 10, the connecting portion 12, and the second vertical portion 11 are formed in the opening 22, the probe groove 24, and the opening 26 by plating (see FIGS. 4E, G, and I).
- the probe 6 is formed on the one surface 2A side of the silicon substrate 2 (see FIG. 4I).
- a through hole 15 is formed in the silicon substrate 2 by a photolithography technique and an etching technique (see FIG. 4K).
- a through electrode 16 is formed in the through hole 15 so as to be conductive with the probe 6 by plating (see FIG. 4M).
- a wiring groove 31 is formed in the mask 30 by a photolithography technique and an etching technique.
- the lead wiring 18 connected to the through electrode 16 so as to be conductive is formed in the wiring groove 31 by plating (see FIG. 4N).
- a large number of very thin probes are arranged using tweezers or the like on one surface of a ceramic substrate that forms the base of the probe card.
- This probe is routed to the other surface side of the ceramic substrate through one large opening opened in a substantially central portion of the ceramic substrate. Then, the routed probe is manually connected to a wiring separately formed on the other surface of the ceramic substrate.
- work must be performed with respect to each probe, long time and high cost are needed for preparation of a probe card.
- the probe 6, the penetrating electrode 16 and the lead wiring 18 are formed to be conductive by using a technique employed in a semiconductor device manufacturing process such as a photolithography technique, an etching technique and a plating method.
- a technique employed in a semiconductor device manufacturing process such as a photolithography technique, an etching technique and a plating method.
- the probe card 1 can be manufactured at a lower cost and more easily.
- the probe 6, the penetration electrode 16, and the routing wiring 18 can be formed using the same plating apparatus, the increase in equipment cost can also be suppressed.
- the sacrificial film 21, the sacrificial film 23, and the sacrificial film 25 are stacked in three stages, and the probe is formed by forming the first vertical portion 10, the connecting portion 12, and the second vertical portion 11 in accordance with the stack. Thereafter, by removing all the three stages of the sacrificial films 21, 23, 25, a gap can be easily formed between the probe 6 and the oxide film 7.
- the entire second vertical portion 11 protruding from the sacrificial film 25 is covered with the protective film 27 until the formation of the routing wiring 18 after the formation of the probe 6 is completed.
- the 2nd vertical part 11 can be protected from the impact by contact. Therefore, in a process (lithography process, etching process, etc.) after the protective film 27 is formed, it can be placed on the wafer stage of each apparatus with the one surface 2A side of the silicon substrate 2 facing downward. As a result, workability after forming the protective film 27 can be improved.
- the inspection section 4 is partitioned into a 5 ⁇ 5 lattice window, and each unit cell 5 is provided with one set of probes 6 as many as the external terminals of the semiconductor chip 1 chip. It has been. Therefore, a plurality of semiconductor chips (25 chips in this embodiment) can be inspected collectively. Therefore, the throughput in inspection can be improved. As a result, the time required for the inspection of the semiconductor chip can be shortened.
- FIG. 5A to 5D are schematic cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention in the order of steps.
- a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention for example, as shown in FIG. 5A, a plurality of semiconductor chips 53 having a square shape in plan view are partitioned in a lattice shape on a disk-shaped semiconductor wafer 52. Formed.
- the boundary of the adjacent semiconductor chips 53 is indicated by a broken line.
- the surface of the outermost layer is exposed as an electrode pad 54 for electrical connection.
- An opening is formed in the protective film.
- the electrode pads 54 are arranged at an equal pitch along each side of the semiconductor chip 53.
- the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor chip 53 are inspected using the probe card 1. In the inspection, the semiconductor chips 53 are aligned with all the unit cells 5 of the probe card 1 so that one unit cell 5 and one semiconductor chip 53 are matched one-to-one.
- the pair of probes 6 and the electrode pads 54 of the respective semiconductor chips 53 are brought into contact with each other, and electric signals are collectively input to the electrode pads 54 of the plurality of semiconductor chips 53.
- an electrical signal output from the electrode pad 54 according to the input signal is read by the probe device, and the signal waveform is compared with an expected value stored in advance in the probe device. By this comparison, the quality of the electrical characteristics of the inspected semiconductor chips 53 is determined in one step.
- the semiconductor wafer 52 is cut into the size of each semiconductor chip 53 using, for example, a dicing saw, whereby individual pieces of the semiconductor chip 53 are obtained.
- each semiconductor chip 53 is die-bonded to each die pad 56 of the lead frame using a bonding agent 55, and each electrode pad 54 and each lead 57 of the lead frame are connected by a bonding wire 58.
- the lead frame is set in a molding die, and all the semiconductor chips 53 are collectively sealed with the resin package 59 together with the lead frame.
- the lead frame is cut into the size of each semiconductor device 51 together with the resin package 59, whereby individual pieces of the semiconductor device 51 are obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a probe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view when the probe shown in FIG. 6 is cut along a cutting line indicated by VIIA-VIIA.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view when the probe shown in FIG. 6 is cut along a cutting line indicated by VIIB-VIIB.
- the probe 61 is a cantilever type probe attached to a probe card in order to inspect the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor chip (semiconductor device), and a plurality of probes 61 are surrounded by an outer frame 62 as a set.
- a connecting portion 63 is installed between each probe 61 and the outer frame 62.
- Each probe 61 is supported by an outer frame 62 via a connecting portion 63.
- the probe 61, the outer frame 62, and the connecting portion 63 are integrally formed, and each portion is composed of only the lower layer 64 having a relatively small thickness, or is selectively formed on the lower layer 64 and the lower layer 64.
- the upper layer 65 is relatively thick.
- the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65 are made of a metal that can be formed by a plating method, and are made of, for example, nickel, a nickel alloy (for example, nickel-manganese alloy).
- the thickness T 1 of the lower layer 64 is, for example, 3 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 8 to 12 ⁇ m.
- the thickness T 2 of the upper layer 65 for example, 30 ⁇ 140 .mu.m, preferably from 45 ⁇ 55 .mu.m.
- the total thickness T 1 + T 2 including the thickness of the lower layer 64 and the thickness of the upper layer 65 is, for example, 33 to 155 ⁇ m, and preferably 53 to 67 ⁇ m.
- the probe 61 is integrally provided with an attachment portion 66 for attachment to the probe card and a needle portion 67 for inspecting the semiconductor chip.
- the attachment portion 66 is entirely composed of a lower layer 64 and an upper layer 65, and is formed with a uniform thickness as a whole.
- the attachment portion 66 is integrally provided with a rectangular flat plate main body portion 68 and two rectangular flat plate plugs 69 connected to the wiring of the probe card.
- the two plugs 69 extend perpendicularly to one surface in the width direction of the main body 68 with a space therebetween in the length direction of the main body 68.
- the needle part 67 is connected to the main body part 68 of the mounting part 66 and is connected to the main body part 68 of the mounting part 66, and a rectangular flat plate-like support part 71 for supporting the tip part 70. Is integrated.
- the entire support portion 71 includes a lower layer 64 and an upper layer 65, and is formed with a uniform thickness as a whole.
- the support portion 71 is connected to one end portion (the left end portion in FIG. 6) of the other surface in the width direction of the main body portion 68 (the surface opposite to the side where the plug 69 is provided).
- the width W of the support portion 71 is, for example, 100 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the support portion 71 includes the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65 and the width W of the support portion 71 is within the above range, appropriate spring characteristics can be imparted to the support portion 71. With such spring characteristics, the distal end portion 70 can be brought into good contact with the external terminal, and damage to the external terminal due to the contact of the distal end portion 70 can be suppressed.
- the tip portion 70 is entirely composed of the lower layer 64, and protrudes from the tip of the support portion 71 to the opposite side of the extending direction of the plug 69 relative to the main body portion 68. That is, in the needle part 67, the upper layer 65 is selectively formed only on the support part 71 out of the support part 71 and the tip part 70.
- the outer frame 62 is composed of a lower layer 64 and an upper layer 65 as a whole, and is formed in a substantially rectangular annular shape surrounding the probe 61 with a space therebetween.
- the whole connecting portion 63 is composed of a lower layer 64 and is formed in a rectangular flat plate shape.
- Two connecting portions 63 are provided as one set with respect to one probe 61.
- One set of connecting portions 63 is connected to both long sides of the opposing outer frame 62 via the probe 61 one by one.
- Each of the pair of connecting portions 63 extends in a direction perpendicular to the side of the outer frame 62, one connecting portion 63 is connected to the support portion 71 of the probe 61, and the other connecting portion 63 is the main body portion of the probe 61. 68.
- FIGS. 8A to 8F are schematic cross-sectional views showing the method of forming the probe shown in FIG. 6 in the order of steps.
- the diagrams arranged on the left side are cross-sectional views taken along the same cutting plane as FIG. 7A
- the diagrams arranged on the right side are cross-sectional views taken along the same cutting plane as FIG. 7B.
- B first, as shown in FIG. 8A, a plating base layer 73 is formed on the entire surface of a silicon substrate 72 as a semiconductor substrate, for example, by sputtering. Is done.
- the plating underlayer 73 is a film made of a metal material different from the material of the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65, and is made of, for example, a Ti / Cu laminated film, a TiW / Au laminated film, or the like.
- a resist mask 74 having an opening in a region where the probe 61, the outer frame 62, and the connecting portion 63 are to be formed is formed.
- the material of the lower layer 64 is plated and grown from the exposed portion of the resist mask 74 by electrolytic plating.
- the lower layer 64 as the first plating layer is selectively formed on the plating base layer 73.
- the portion of the plating base layer 73 where the lower layer 64 is not formed is exposed from the lower layer 64.
- the resist mask 74 is removed as shown in FIG. 8C.
- a resist mask 75 is formed to cover the plating base layer 73 exposed from the lower layer 64 and the region where the connecting portion 63 and the tip portion 70 in the lower layer 64 are to be formed. Then, for example, the material of the upper layer 65 is plated and grown from the exposed portion of the resist mask 75 by electrolytic plating. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 8D, the upper layer 65 as the second plating layer is selectively formed on the lower layer 64.
- each part composed of the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65 (the outer frame 62, the mounting part 66 and the support part 71) and each part composed of the lower layer 64 (the coupling part 63 and the tip part 70) are selectively performed. It is formed. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8E, the resist mask 75 is removed.
- the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65 are hardly etched, and the plating base layer is formed by wet etching using an etching solution (for example, ammonia water) having a high etching rate with respect to the plating base layer 73. 73 is etched away. Thereby, the structure composed of the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65 is separated (lifted off) from the silicon substrate 72. Then, the probe 61 separated from the outer frame 62 is obtained by cutting the connecting portion 63 with the probe 61.
- an etching solution for example, ammonia water
- FIG. 9A is a schematic plan view of a probe card to which the probe shown in FIG. 6 is attached.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic side view of a probe card to which the probe shown in FIG. 6 is attached.
- the probe card 76 is a device for inspecting electrical characteristics of semiconductor chips formed on a semiconductor wafer one by one, and includes a disk-shaped ceramic substrate 77.
- the ceramic substrate 77 is provided with a wiring unit 78 to which the probe 61 is attached, and a connection unit 79 for connecting the probe card 76 and a prober device (not shown).
- the wiring unit 78 is provided at the center of the ceramic substrate 77 and is formed in a disk shape sharing the center with the ceramic substrate 77.
- the wiring unit 78 has a thickness larger than that of the ceramic substrate 77 and projects from one surface and the other surface of the ceramic substrate 77.
- a through hole 80 having a rectangular shape in plan view that penetrates from one side of the wiring unit 78 to the other side is formed in a substantially central portion of the wiring unit 78.
- a large number of wiring receivers 81 to which wiring 84 described later is connected are formed on one side of the wiring unit 78 (on the side attached to the probe device).
- a large number of wiring receivers 81 are provided, for example, in the same number as the external terminals of the semiconductor chip to be inspected, and are arranged in a rectangular ring shape along the outer periphery of the through hole 80.
- a plug receiver 82 for connecting the probe 61 is provided on the other side of the wiring unit 78 (inspection side of the semiconductor chip).
- the plug receiver 82 is formed in a shape that can be fitted to the plug 69 of the probe 61, and one plug receiver 82 is provided at a position facing each wiring receiver 81.
- the same number of plug receivers 82 as the wiring receivers 81 are arranged in a rectangular ring shape along the outer periphery of the through hole 80.
- the plug receiver 82 is electrically connected to the wiring receiver 81 in the wiring unit 78.
- the probe 61 has a long side on the plug 69 side of the main body portion 68 at the wiring unit 78. It is attached to the wiring unit 78 in a posture in which it is brought into contact with the other surface of the wire vertically.
- the multiple probes 61 attached to all the plug receivers 82 are arranged side by side along the circumferential direction of the through hole 80 as a whole, with the tip portions 70 of the adjacent probes 61 facing each other in the thickness direction. . That is, in the probe card 76, the interval in the opposing direction of the tip portions 70 adjacent to each other is the pitch of the probes 61.
- the probe 61 attached to the plug receiver 82 is electrically connected to the connection unit 79 via the wiring 84.
- the connection unit 79 includes a connection terminal 83 for connection to a prober device (not shown), a wiring 84 connected to the wiring receiver 81, and a relay wiring 85 that relays the connection between the connection terminal 83 and the wiring 84.
- the connection terminal 83 has a needle shape that is pointed outward in the thickness direction of the ceramic substrate 77, and a large number (the same number as the plug receivers 82) is provided on the outer peripheral edge of the ceramic substrate 77 over the entire circumference of the ceramic substrate 77. 9A and 9B, only a part of the large number of connection terminals 83 is shown (the same applies to the wiring 84 and the relay wiring 85).
- the relay wiring 85 extends from the connection terminal 83 toward the center of the ceramic substrate 77 on the ceramic substrate 77, and the wiring 84 is connected to the tip of the relay wiring 85.
- the probe card 76 is aligned on one semiconductor chip on the semiconductor wafer, and one external terminal in the semiconductor chip is set to one.
- the probes 61 are brought into contact with all the external terminals so that the two probes 61 correspond to each other.
- an electrical signal is input from the prober device to the input terminal of the semiconductor chip.
- an electrical signal output from the output terminal of the semiconductor chip in accordance with the input signal is read by the probe device, and the signal waveform is compared with an expected value stored in advance in the probe device. This comparison determines whether the electrical characteristics of the inspected chip are good or bad.
- the tip portion 70 that contacts the external terminal of the semiconductor chip has a relatively small thickness (for example, 3 to 15 ⁇ m) in the lower layer 64. Consists of.
- a support portion for supporting the tip portion 70 includes a lower layer 64 and an upper layer 65 having a relatively large thickness (for example, 30 to 140 ⁇ m). Therefore, even if the pitch of the probes 61 (the interval between the tip portions 70 adjacent to each other) is reduced in accordance with the pitch of the external terminals of the semiconductor chip, if the thickness of the lower layer 64 is designed to an appropriate thickness, It is possible to prevent the probes 61 to contact each other. Therefore, the probe 61 that can cope with a narrow pitch of the external terminals of the semiconductor chip can be formed by the above method. As a result, the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor chip can be accurately inspected using the probe 61 formed by the above method.
- the tip portion 70 having a relatively small thickness is formed by plating in the process of forming the probe 61. Therefore, there is no need to process the tip 70 after the probe 61 is manufactured. Therefore, the probe 61 having the tip portion 70 having a relatively small thickness can be easily formed without trouble.
- the outer frame 62 that surrounds the probe 61 and the connecting portion 63 that connects the outer frame 62 and the probe 61 are formed. Since the probe 61 is supported by the outer frame 62 via the connecting portion 63, the probe 61 can be easily separated from the silicon substrate 72 by separating the outer frame 62 from the silicon substrate 72 in the lift-off process. it can.
- the outer frame 62 is composed of the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65
- the connecting portion 63 is composed of the lower layer 64. Therefore, the outer frame 62 and the connecting portion 63 can be formed by the same process as the probe 61 including the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65.
- the connecting portion 63 is composed of the lower layer 64 having a relatively small thickness, after the outer frame 62 (probe 61) is separated from the silicon substrate 72, the connecting portion of the connecting portion 63 to the probe 61 is easily cut. can do.
- the lower layer 64 is formed using a metal material different from that of the plating base layer 73, a structure composed of the lower layer 64 and the upper layer 65 is formed by a lift-off method using a difference in etching rate between the lower layer 64 and the plating base layer 73. Can be easily separated from the silicon substrate 72.
- this invention can also be implemented with another form.
- the number of sections of the inspection unit 4 can be changed as appropriate. By increasing the number of sections, for example, all semiconductor chips on one wafer (for example, about 100,000 chips) and chips for one shot unit (for example, about 1000 chips) patterned by one reticle are collectively inspected. You can also Further, the arrangement form of the unit cells 5 is not limited to the lattice window shape. For example, the plurality of unit cells 5 may be arranged in a staggered manner in which each unit cell 5 in each column and each unit cell 5 in a column adjacent to the column are alternately arranged.
- the QFN type semiconductor device is taken up as the package type of the semiconductor device 51 manufactured using the probe card 1.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device of the present invention uses SON (Small The present invention can also be applied to methods for manufacturing other types of semiconductor devices such as Outlined Non-leaded Package, QFP (Quad Flat Package), and SOP (Small Outline Package).
- a cantilever type probe is taken as an example of the probe of the present invention, but the probe forming method of the present invention can also be applied to a vertical probe.
- the outer frame 62 and the connection part 63 do not need to be formed.
- the outer frame 62 and the connection part 63 are formed like the said embodiment, the outer frame 62 may consist only of the lower layer 64.
- an appropriate metal can be used in addition to the metals exemplified above.
- SYMBOLS 1 ... Probe card, 2 ... Silicon substrate, 6 ... Probe, 15 ... Through-hole, 16 ... Through-electrode, 18 ... Lead-out wiring, 2A ... (of silicon substrate) One side, 2B ... the other side (of the silicon substrate), 51 ... semiconductor device, 52 ... semiconductor wafer, 53 ... semiconductor chip, 54 ... electrode pad, 61 ... probe, 62 ... Outer frame, 63 ... Connecting part, 64 ... Lower layer, 65 ... Upper layer, 70 ... Tip part, 71 ... Support part, 72 ... Silicon substrate, 73 ... Plating underlayer, 75 ... resist mask
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
- Measuring Leads Or Probes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
そこで、複数の半導体チップを一括して検査し、検査におけるスループットを向上させることにより、半導体チップの検査に要する時間を短縮したいという考えがある。
また、従来のプローブの形成方法では、プローブの先端部を薄くできるものの、プローブを一旦作製した後、先端部をわざわざ加工しなければならない。そのため、非常に手間がかかり、製造効率が低下する。
本発明の別の目的は、半導体装置の外部端子の狭ピッチ化に対応可能なプローブを容易に形成することのできるプローブの形成方法を提供することにある。
また、上記プローブカードの製造方法では、前記プローブ、前記貫通電極および前記配線が、めっき法により形成されることが好ましい。
また、本発明のプローブの形成方法は、半導体装置の外部端子に接触する相対的に厚さの小さい先端部およびこの先端部を支持する相対的に厚さの大きい支持部を有し、半導体装置の電気特性を検査するために用いられるプローブの形成方法であって、半導体基板の表面に、金属材料からなるめっき下地層を形成する工程と、めっき法により、前記めっき下地層上に、前記先端部と同じ厚さの第1めっき層を選択的に形成する工程と、前記第1めっき層における所定部分を被覆するマスクを形成する工程と、めっき法により、前記第1めっき層における前記マスクから露出する部分上に、前記支持部の厚さから前記先端部の厚さを差し引いた厚さの第2めっき層を形成する工程とを含む。
また、上記したプローブの形成方法では、前記プローブとともに、前記プローブを取り囲む外枠、およびこの外枠と前記プローブとを連結する連結部が形成され、前記外枠は、前記第1めっき層および前記第2めっき層からなり、前記連結部は、前記第1めっき層からなることが好ましい。
さらに、外枠が第1めっき層および第2めっき層からなり、連結部が第1めっき層からなる。したがって、外枠および連結部をプローブと同じ工程により形成することができる。また、連結部が相対的に厚さの小さい第1めっき層からなることから、外枠(プローブ)と半導体基板との分離後、プローブと連結部とを容易に分離することができる。
この場合、第1めっき層がめっき下地層と異なる金属材料を用いて形成される。金属材料が異なれば、特定のエッチング液に対するエッチングレートが異なる。したがって、第1めっき層とめっき下地層とのエッチングレートの差を利用したリフトオフ法により、第1めっき層を半導体基板から容易に分離することができる。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るプローブカードを示す模式的な平面図である。
プローブカード1は、半導体ウエハ上に形成された複数の半導体チップ(半導体装置)の電気特性を一括して検査するための機器であって、円盤状のシリコン系ボードとしてのシリコン基板2を備えている。
各単位セル5には、プローブ6が設けられている。プローブ6は、半導体チップ1チップ(たとえば、後述する各半導体チップ53)の外部端子(たとえば、後述する電極パッド54)と同数を1組として設けられ、単位セル5の各辺において、検査対象である半導体チップの外部端子のピッチに適合するピッチで配列されている。
シリコン基板2の一方面2Aおよび他方面2Bには、酸化シリコンからなる酸化膜7および酸化膜8がそれぞれ形成されている。
酸化膜7上には、下地配線9が選択的に形成されている。下地配線9は、たとえば、アルミニウムからなる。
貫通孔15には、貫通電極16が埋設されている。これにより、貫通電極16は、下地配線9を介してプローブ6に電気的に接続されることとなる。貫通電極16は、めっき法により形成可能であって、配線材料として適した低抵抗の金属からなり、たとえば、銅、チタン/窒化チタン/アルミニウム-銅合金(Ti/TiN/Al-Cu)などからなる。
酸化膜8上には、貫通電極16に電気的に接続され、酸化膜8上に引き回された引き回し配線18が所定パターンで形成されている。引き回し配線18は、めっき法により形成可能であって、配線材料として適した低抵抗の金属からなり、たとえば、銅、チタン/窒化チタン/アルミニウム-銅合金(Ti/TiN/Al-Cu)などからなる。
図4A~図4Qは、図1に示すプローブカードの製造方法を工程順に示す模式的な断面図であって、図3と同一切断面における断面図である。
次いで、図4Bに示すように、フォトリソグラフィ技術およびエッチング技術により、アルミニウム膜20がパターニングされる。これにより、酸化膜7上に、下地配線9が形成される。
シード膜13の成膜後、図4Eに示すように、開口22内に、プローブ6の材料がめっき成長させられる。めっき成長は、当該材料が開口22を埋め尽くすまで続けられる。これにより、開口22内にプローブ6の第1垂直部10が形成される。
次いで、図4Hに示すように、犠牲膜21上に犠牲膜25が塗布される。犠牲膜25は、たとえば、犠牲膜21と同様の材料からなる。続いて、フォトリソグラフィ技術およびエッチング技術により、犠牲膜25が、プローブ6の第2垂直部11のパターンにパターニングされる。これにより、犠牲膜25に、連接部12を部分的に露出させる、第2垂直部11と同パターンの開口26が形成される。
次いで、図4Jに示すように、犠牲膜25の表面全域に保護膜27が塗布される。保護膜27は、たとえば、犠牲膜21と同様の材料からなり、犠牲膜25から突出する第2垂直部11全体を被覆する厚さで形成される。これにより、シリコン基板2の一方面2A側が保護膜27により保護される。
シード膜17およびシード膜19の成膜後、図4Mに示すように、貫通孔15内に、貫通電極16の材料がめっき成長させられる。めっき成長は、当該材料が貫通孔15を埋め尽くすまで続けられる。これにより、貫通孔15内に埋設された貫通電極16が得られる。貫通孔15を埋め尽くす貫通電極16は、下地配線9を介してプローブ6に電気的に接続されることとなる。
次いで、図4Pに示すように、プローブ6よりもシード膜13に対するエッチングレートの大きいエッチング液を用いたウェットエッチングにより、シード膜13におけるプローブ6から露出する部分が除去される。つまり、プローブ6の連接部12により覆われているシード膜13は、ウェットエッチング後も残存することとなる。また、引き回し配線18よりもシード膜19に対するエッチングレートの大きいエッチング液を用いたウェットエッチングにより、シード膜19における引き回し配線18から露出する部分が除去される。つまり、引き回し配線18により覆われているシード膜19は、ウェットエッチング後も残存することとなる。
以上の工程を経て、図1に示すプローブカード1が得られる。なお、プローブカード1の製造工程では、図4A~図4Qで示された工程以外にも、プローブカード1に備えられるその他の部材を形成する工程が実行されるが、ここでは省略している。
そして、シリコン基板2の他方面2B側においては、フォトリソグラフィ技術およびエッチング技術により、マスク30に配線溝31が形成される。また、めっき法により、配線溝31に、貫通電極16と導通可能に接続される引き回し配線18が形成される(図4N参照)。
また、犠牲膜21、犠牲膜23および犠牲膜25を3段に積層し、これらの積層に合わせて第1垂直部10、連接部12および第2垂直部11を形成してプローブを形成し、その後、3段の犠牲膜21,23,25全てを除去することによって、プローブ6と酸化膜7との間に空隙を簡単に形成することができる。
図5A~図5Dは、本発明の一実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法を工程順に示す模式的な断面図である。
本発明の一実施形態に係る半導体装置を製造するには、たとえば、図5Aに示すように、円盤状の半導体ウエハ52に、平面視正方形の複数の半導体チップ53が格子状に区画されるように形成される。図5Aおよび図5Bでは、互いに隣接する半導体チップ53の境界を破線で表している。
次いで、図5Bに示すように、上記プローブカード1を用いて半導体チップ53の電気特性が検査される。検査では、1つの単位セル5と1つの半導体チップ53とが1対1で適合するように、プローブカード1の全ての単位セル5に半導体チップ53が位置合わせされる。その状態から、1組のプローブ6と各半導体チップ53の電極パッド54とを接触させ、複数の半導体チップ53の電極パッド54に一括して電気信号が入力される。そして、たとえば、その入力信号に応じて電極パッド54から出力される電気信号がプローブ装置で読み取られ、その信号波形と予めプローブ装置に記憶されている期待値とが比較される。この比較により、検査された複数の半導体チップ53の電気特性についての良否が一工程で判別される。
その後は、各半導体チップ53が、ボンディング剤55を用いてリードフレームの各ダイパッド56にダイボンディングされ、各電極パッド54とリードフレームの各リード57とがボンディングワイヤ58で接続される。そして、リードフレームが成形金型にセットされ、全ての半導体チップ53がリードフレームとともに、樹脂パッケージ59により一括して封止される。最後に、ダイシングソーを用いて、リードフレームが樹脂パッケージ59とともに各半導体装置51のサイズに切断されることにより、半導体装置51の個片が得られる。
図6は、本発明の一実施形態に係るプローブを示す模式的な平面図である。図7Aは、図6に示すプローブをVIIA-VIIAで示す切断線で切断したときの模式的な断面図である。図7Bは、図6に示すプローブをVIIB-VIIBで示す切断線で切断したときの模式的な断面図である。
プローブ61、外枠62および連結部63は、一体的に形成され、その各部は、相対的に厚さの小さい下層64のみからなるか、または下層64および下層64上に選択的に形成された相対的に厚さの大きい上層65からなる。
取付部66は、その全体が下層64および上層65からなり、全体的に一様な厚さで形成されている。取付部66は、長方形平板状の本体部68と、プローブカードの配線に接続される長方形平板状の2つのプラグ69とを一体的に備えている。
針部67は、半導体チップの外部端子に接触する略正方形平板状の先端部70と、取付部66の本体部68に接続され、先端部70を支持するための長方形平板状の支持部71とを一体的に備えている。
また、支持部71の幅Wは、たとえば、100~400μmである。支持部71が下層64および上層65からなり、さらに支持部71の幅Wが上記範囲であることにより、支持部71に適当なばね特性を付与することができる。このようなばね特性により、先端部70を外部端子に良好に接触させることができ、また、先端部70の接触による外部端子の損傷を抑制することができる。
すなわち、針部67では、支持部71および先端部70のうち、選択的に支持部71のみに上層65が形成されている。
外枠62は、その全体が下層64および上層65からなり、間隔を空けてプローブ61を取り囲む略長方形環状に形成されている。
図6および図7A,Bに示すプローブを形成するには、まず、図8Aに示すように、たとえば、スパッタ法により、半導体基板としてのシリコン基板72の表面全域に、めっき下地層73が成膜される。めっき下地層73は、下層64および上層65の材料とは異なる金属材料からなる膜であり、たとえば、Ti/Cu積層膜、TiW/Au積層膜などからなる。
図9Aは、図6に示すプローブが取り付けられたプローブカードの模式的な平面図である。図9Bは、図6に示すプローブが取り付けられたプローブカードの模式的な側面図である。
セラミックス基板77には、プローブ61が取り付けられる配線ユニット78と、プローブカード76とプローバ装置(図示せず)とを接続するための接続ユニット79とが設けられている。
また、配線ユニット78の他方側(半導体チップの検査側)には、プローブ61を接続するためのプラグ受け82が設けられている。プラグ受け82は、プローブ61のプラグ69と嵌合可能な形状に形成され、各配線受け81に対向する位置に1つずつ設けられている。つまり、配線ユニット78の他方側には、配線受け81と同数のプラグ受け82が、貫通孔80の外周に沿うように、長方形環状に並べて配置されている。プラグ受け82は、配線ユニット78内で配線受け81に電気的に接続されている。
接続端子83は、セラミックス基板77の厚さ方向外側に尖る針状をなし、セラミックス基板77の外周縁部において、セラミックス基板77の全周にわたって多数(プラグ受け82と同数)設けられている。なお、図9A,Bでは、多数の接続端子83のうち、一部のみを表している(配線84および中継配線85についても同様)。
そして、プローブカード76を用いて半導体チップの電気特性を検査するには、たとえば、まず、半導体ウエハ上の1つの半導体チップ上にプローブカード76が位置合わせされ、半導体チップにおける1つの外部端子に1つのプローブ61が対応するように、全外部端子にプローブ61が接触させられる。次いで、半導体チップの入力端子にプローバ装置から電気信号が入力される。そして、その入力信号に応じて半導体チップの出力端子から出力される電気信号がプローブ装置で読み取られ、その信号波形と予めプローブ装置に記憶されている期待値とが比較される。この比較により、検査されたチップの電気特性についての良否が判別される。
また、上記の方法では、プローブ61を取り囲む外枠62、および外枠62とプローブ61とを連結する連結部63が形成される。プローブ61が連結部63を介して外枠62に支持されるので、リフトオフ工程において外枠62をシリコン基板72から分離することにより、それにともなってプローブ61をシリコン基板72から容易に分離することができる。
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はさらに他の形態で実施することもできる。
また、単位セル5の配置形態は、格子窓状に限定されない。たとえば、複数の単位セル5は、各列における各単位セル5と、当該列に隣接する列の各単位セル5とが交互に配置される千鳥状に配置されていてもよい。
また、外枠62および連結部63は、形成されなくてもよい。また、上記実施形態のように外枠62および連結部63が形成される場合、外枠62は、下層64のみからなっていてもよい。
本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明してきたが、これらは本発明の技術的内容を明らかにするために用いられた具体例に過ぎず、本発明はこれらの具体例に限定して解釈されるべきではなく、本発明の精神および範囲は添付の請求の範囲によってのみ限定される。
Claims (7)
- 複数の半導体装置の電気特性を一括して検査するためのプローブカードの製造方法であって、
前記プローブカードの基体をなすボードの一方面側に、半導体装置の外部端子に接触される複数のプローブを形成する工程と、
フォトリソグラフィおよびエッチングにより、前記ボードに、前記ボードの他方面から各前記プローブに達する複数の貫通孔を形成する工程と、
各前記貫通孔に、前記プローブと導通可能に接続される貫通電極を形成する工程と、
前記ボードの前記他方面側に、前記貫通電極と導通可能に接続される配線を形成する工程とを含む、プローブカードの製造方法。 - 前記プローブ、前記貫通電極および前記配線が、めっき法により形成される、請求項1に記載のプローブカードの製造方法。
- シリコン系ボードと、
前記シリコン系ボードの一方面側に形成され、半導体装置の外部端子に接触される複数のプローブと、
各前記プローブに対応して形成され、前記シリコン系ボードの前記一方面とその反対側の他方面との間を貫通する複数の貫通孔と、
前記貫通孔に埋設され、前記プローブと導通可能に接続される貫通電極と、
前記シリコン系ボードの前記他方面側に形成され、前記貫通電極と導通可能に接続される配線とを含み、
前記プローブが、所定のパターンで配置された複数を1組として、複数組設けられている、プローブカード。 - 半導体ウエハに、電気接続のための外部端子を複数有する半導体チップを複数形成する工程と、
プローブカードを用いて、前記半導体チップの電気特性を検査する工程と、
検査後、前記半導体ウエハを、各前記半導体チップに分割する工程とを含み、
前記プローブカードは、
シリコン系ボードと、
前記シリコン系ボードの一方面側に形成され、半導体チップの外部端子に接触される複数のプローブと、
各前記プローブに対応して形成され、前記シリコン系ボードの前記一方面とその反対側の他方面との間を貫通する複数の貫通孔と、
前記貫通孔に埋設され、前記プローブと導通可能に接続される貫通電極と、
前記シリコン系ボードの前記他方面側に形成され、前記貫通電極と導通可能に接続される配線とを含み、
前記プローブが、所定のパターンで配置された複数を1組として、複数組設けられており、
前記検査では、1組の前記プローブと1つの前記半導体チップの前記外部端子とを接触させ、各前記外部端子に電気信号を入力することにより、複数の前記半導体チップの電気特性を一括して検査する、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 半導体装置の外部端子に接触する相対的に厚さの小さい先端部およびこの先端部を支持する相対的に厚さの大きい支持部を有し、半導体装置の電気特性を検査するために用いられるプローブの形成方法であって、
半導体基板の表面に、金属材料からなるめっき下地層を形成する工程と、
めっき法により、前記めっき下地層上に、前記先端部と同じ厚さの第1めっき層を選択的に形成する工程と、
前記第1めっき層における所定部分を被覆するマスクを形成する工程と、
めっき法により、前記第1めっき層における前記マスクから露出する部分上に、前記支持部の厚さから前記先端部の厚さを差し引いた厚さの第2めっき層を形成する工程とを含む、プローブの形成方法。 - 前記プローブとともに、前記プローブを取り囲む外枠、およびこの外枠と前記プローブとを連結する連結部が形成され、
前記外枠は、前記第1めっき層および前記第2めっき層からなり、
前記連結部は、前記第1めっき層からなる、請求項5に記載のプローブの形成方法。 - 前記第1めっき層を形成する工程が、前記めっき下地層と異なる金属材料を用いて前記第1めっき層を形成する工程である、請求項5または6に記載のプローブの形成方法。
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| DE102004036407A1 (de) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-06-09 | Japan Electronic Materials Corp., Amagasaki | Prüfkarte und Verbinder für diese |
| KR100826068B1 (ko) * | 2003-09-09 | 2008-04-29 | 호야 가부시키가이샤 | 양면 배선 글래스 기판의 제조 방법 |
| EP1750136A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2007-02-07 | JSR Corporation | Sheet-like probe, method of producing the probe, and application of the probe |
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| JP4187718B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-11-26 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | プローブカード |
| US7724004B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2010-05-25 | Formfactor, Inc. | Probing apparatus with guarded signal traces |
| JP4979214B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2012-07-18 | 日本発條株式会社 | プローブカード |
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| JP2007086025A (ja) | 2005-09-26 | 2007-04-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | コンタクトプローブ、プローブユニットおよびプローブカード |
| WO2007142204A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | プローブカード |
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| WO2009011365A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-01-22 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | プローブカード |
| KR20090117097A (ko) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 재배선 탐침 구조물을 갖는 프로브 카드 및 이를 이용하는프로브 카드 모듈 |
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2009
- 2009-09-29 WO PCT/JP2009/005002 patent/WO2010038433A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-29 US US12/998,228 patent/US8970242B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-29 JP JP2010531739A patent/JPWO2010038433A1/ja active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-01-16 US US14/598,280 patent/US9410987B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPH09126833A (ja) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-16 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 非晶質合金製の梁構造体とその作製方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8970242B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
| US20110175637A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
| US9410987B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
| US20150123691A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
| JPWO2010038433A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
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