WO2010037220A1 - Matériaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium - Google Patents
Matériaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010037220A1 WO2010037220A1 PCT/CA2009/001377 CA2009001377W WO2010037220A1 WO 2010037220 A1 WO2010037220 A1 WO 2010037220A1 CA 2009001377 W CA2009001377 W CA 2009001377W WO 2010037220 A1 WO2010037220 A1 WO 2010037220A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/047—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new composite materials based on refractory metals. It also relates to liquid aluminum wettable components made using these new materials and a method of manufacturing coatings of these materials. Finally, it relates to the use of these components in electrolysis cells for the production of aluminum.
- Aluminum is conventionally produced by the Hall-Héroult process in electrolysis cells by reducing alumina dissolved in molten cryolite electrolyte at temperatures of about 960X according to the following reaction:
- the carbon of the anode is consumed during the reaction and there is release of CO 2 during the production of aluminum.
- the counter electrode or cathode ⁇ 3 is also made of carbon.
- Today, more and more graphite blocks are used as cathodes to have better electrical conductivity and lower energy losses in the process.
- the aluminum is deposited at the bottom of the cell and forms a conductive liquid aluminum layer on the surface of the cathodes. This aluminum can react with graphite to form an aluminum carbide (AI 4 C 3 ). This is one of the causes that limit the life of cathodes (typically 3 to 8 years). Since liquid aluminum does not wet the graphite, a relatively thick layer of liquid aluminum is usually maintained at the bottom of the cells (15 to 25 cm).
- the resistance of the electrolyte in the gap between the anode and the liquid aluminum conductive layer produces a voltage drop of about 1.5 volts for an ACD of 4.5 cm and for a typical current density of 0. , 7 A / cm 2
- This ohmic drop is the main source of energy loss in the process.
- intense research has been conducted to develop wettable liquid aluminum cathode coatings to reduce the thickness of the aluminum layer at the bottom of cells. By doing so, also reduce the anode-cathode distance.
- the coating must be a good electrical conductor and improve the resistance to erosion cathodes to increase their life.
- the open porosity on the surface of the cathodes which typically represents 15 to 20% of the volume of the electrodes, is a source of deterioration when the aluminum and / or sodium from the electrolyte is able to penetrate and chemically react with it.
- a field of research therefore consists in finding products and methods for clogging these pores so as to increase the lifetime of the electrodes.
- the example of the invention described in the application mentioned below is illustrative in this respect. .
- Graphite Cathode for Electrolysis of Aluminum "describes a graphite cathode having in its surface pores a cooked carbon product at a temperature below 1600 ° C which increases the erosion resistance of said cathode.
- refractory material is understood to mean a material with a very high melting point, typically greater than 1800 ° C.
- carbon several types have been used such as coal, anthracite, coke and graphite.
- T iB 2 The first and most widely used refractory material is T iB 2, which has been known for many years for its wettability, good electrical conductivity and inertness in liquid aluminum.
- 2- WO1991 / 018845 in the name of Alcan International Ltd and entitled "Method of Producing Platelets of Borides of Refractory Metals” describes a method of manufacturing refractory metal boride platelets and the platelets thus produced, which consists in reacting an oxide of refractory metals with boric oxide (B 2 O 3 ) and carbon in the presence of a small amount of an alkali metal oxide.
- WO1994 / 021572 in the name of MOLTECH INVENT SA and entitled "Production of Carbon-Based Composite Materials as Component of Aluminum Production CeIIs” describes a method of manufacturing a composite material comprising a mixture of borides, carbides, oxides and / or nitrides of refractory metals and aluminum, silicon, titanium or zircomum which react to form a refractory compound. This mixture is combined with carbon and a colloidal binder containing fine particles such as Al 2 O 3
- Multilayer Cathode Structure describes a method of manufacturing one or more layers of a composite refractory material containing a metal boride on a carbon-based (cathode) substrate which roughens the surface of the front substrate. the application of the layers to improve adhesion. When several layers are applied successively, the boride content increases gradually so as to minimize the differences in coefficients of thermal expansion of the various materials.
- 11-WO2001 / 042531 in the name of MOLTECH INVENT SA and entitled "Dense refractory material for use at high temperatures” describes a component or a coating of a refractory material comprising particles of refractory materials containing boron, nitrogen, water, silicon, carbon or phosphorus all in an oxide matrix.
- the refractory material is obtained by heat treating a slurry solution.
- the present invention describes a method for protecting a carbon-based electrolysis cell component against deterioration by preparing a solution of refractory materials in a binder. lignosulfonate "and applied as a protective coating that is allowed to dry thereafter.
- Refractory coating for components of an aluminum electrolysis cell describes a refractory coating for the components of an electrolysis cell manufactured by coating a aqueous slurry comprising particles of a refractory material such as as TiB 2 dispersed in an oxalic aluminum complex. When exposed to high temperatures in the electrolysis bath, the compound produces aluminum oxide which binds the refractory particles to each other and to the cathode.
- 14-WO2002 / 070783 in the name of MOLTECH INVENT SA and entitled "Aluminum-Wettable Porous Ceramic Material” describes a material comprising a liquid aluminum resistant ceramic such as alumina and an aluminum-wetted material comprising a metal oxide or a partially oxidized metal including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn that reacts or reacts with Al (I) to form a surface containing alumina, aluminum and the metal derived from the metal oxide.
- Electrodes During Electrolysis CeII Start-up describes a method for applying a protective layer to the cathode of an electrolysis cell comprising a plurality of layers with an inner layer of TiB 2 of preferably and a protective layer which protects the cathode from the hot gases used for preheating the cell during startup
- 16-WO2004 / 092449 in the name of MOLTECH INVENT SA and entitled "Alumimum-Wettable Carbon Based Body” describes a carbon component having an aluminum wettable outer component comprising a carbon-rich mixture containing metal-based particles which can react with aluminum
- the metal-based particles are metal oxides or partially oxidized metal particles selected from Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn and Mn
- WO2004 / 011697 to Alcoa Inc and entitled "Interlocking Wettable Ceramic Tiles” describes an electrolysis cell for aluminum comprising cathode tiles interlocked with one another and positioned on the graphite blocks.
- Each tile includes a main body with vertical latches (notches) to prevent movement of tiles out of the surface of the graphite blocks during operations
- liquid aluminum wettable cathode coatings are pressing and bonding techniques in the case of tiles of dense refractory materials that are adhered to or applied to the surface of the graph or coatings.
- application techniques aerosol style paint or spray followed by thermal annealing when the refractory product is in the form of a paste or an aqueous or colloidal solution.
- thermal deposition techniques have never been proposed except for the plasma technique (Air Plasma Spray - APS) because when it comes to melting ceramics or refractory materials, very high temperatures of a few thousand degrees Celsius are required (typically between 2000 and 3500 0 C). Only a plasma technique involving ionized gases makes it possible to reach these temperatures and these energy levels.
- the invention below is an example.
- WO 1999/002764 issued to MOLTECH INVENT SA and entitled "A Drained Cathode CeII for the Production of Aluminum” describes a drained cell in which the surface of the wettable cathode is dimensionally stable and inclined thus allowing the liquid aluminum produced from the surface.
- the distance between the anode and the inclined cathode (ACD) is not more than 3 cm.
- the inventors realized that there was a connection to be made between the cathode coating materials of the electrolysis cells and the grain refiners in the electrolysis industry.
- aluminum two topics that at first sight seem unrelated.
- Grain refiners are additives that are added in small amounts to molten aluminum alloys to refine their microstructure during solidification or in other words, to reduce the size of the aluminum crystals. A fine and uniform microstructure improves the properties of the solidified metal and facilitates its subsequent shaping.
- the surface of the grain refiner acts as a heterogeneous nucleation site to crystallize the alloy. To act effectively, the liquid aluminum must well wet the surface of the grain refiner.
- the system Al-Ti-B (for example, Al-5Ti-1B in wt%) and the Al-Ti-C system (eg Al 3Ti-O 15C 1% by weight).
- the best known, the Al-Ti-B system consists of small particles of TiB 2 in an aluminum matrix.
- Cos ⁇ c S 1 Cos ⁇ 1 + S 2 Cos ⁇ 2
- ⁇ c is the contact angle of the liquid with the composite material
- ⁇ 1 and 02 are the respective contact angles on the ceramic and the refractory aluminide
- the first term of the preceding equation becomes negligible (cos ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0) and if the wettability on the aluminide is very high and that ⁇ 2 neighbor the 0 (cos ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1) so under these conditions, the cosine of the contact angle on the composite becomes directly proportional to the surface of the refractory metal aluminide. The higher this surface, the smaller the contact angle on the composite.
- the contact angle on the composite would be 72.5 °, ie cos "1 (0.3) .
- a composite consisting of refractory ceramic grains (eg NbB 2 or NbC grains) with refractory metal aluminide grain boundaries (eg Al 3 Nb), plus the volume fraction and therefore the surface fraction of grain boundaries will be large, the wettability of the composite will be high.
- refractory ceramic grains eg NbB 2 or NbC grains
- refractory metal aluminide grain boundaries eg Al 3 Nb
- the present invention firstly relates to a composite predominantly composed of carbide and / or nitride and / or boride of refractory metals or aluminum (C-N-B-MR). It contains in volume at least 1% but less than 50% of refractory metal aluminide (AI-MR) and less than 50% of a residual component (R) which stabilizes the composite.
- This composite is in the following form:
- MR is one or more refractory metals of the IV, V or VI series from table to periodic;
- CNB-MR is one or more carbides, nitrides or borides of the refractory metal or metals mentioned above and / or one or more carbides, nitrides or borides of aluminum chosen from Al 4 C 3 , AlN, AIB 2 and Al 1.67B22;
- the residual component is usually multiphase and may contain aluminum carbide (AI 4 C 3 ) if the composite contains carbides and a excess of aluminum or carbon and / or aluminum nitride (AIN) if the composite contains nitrides and an excess of aluminum or nitrogen and / or aluminum borides (AIB 2 , AI V67 B 22 ) if the composite contains borides and an excess of aluminum or boron.
- This residual component may also contain one or more mixed compounds of the MR type t Al u (CN-Fi) v if the composite contains carbides, nitrides or borides and an excess (I refractory metals MR.
- the composite of the invention has great advantages over the materials of the prior art for applications in electrolysis cells for the production of aluminum.
- the carbides, nitrides and borides of the refractory metals (CNB-MR) in question are good electrical conductors when compared to graphite.
- the CNB-MR is a carbide, nitride or aluminum boride (AI 4 C 3 , AlN, AIB 2 , AI1.67B22) which is not an electrical conductor
- the composite itself is thanks to its component AI-MR which it is conductive.
- all the aluminides of the refractory metals of the series IV 1 V and Vl are good electrical conductors compared to graphiie.
- the contact angle on the composite would vary between 89 ° (cos "1 (0.01)) and 60 ° (cos " 1 (0.5)) when the volume or surface fraction "y" of the aluminide component in the composite varies between 0.01 (1%) and 0.5 (50%). This calculation is based on the assumption of a zero contact angle on the aluminide and 90 ° on the refractory ceramic.
- the invention as claimed also has for its second object a method of manufacturing a coating made of a composite as defined above, which consists in consolidating the material by partial melting or by sintering at a temperature below 1800. 0 C or to project at high speed on a substrate of fine particles of the composite using the HVOF thermal spraying technique.
- the invention as claimed also has for its third object a component wettable by liquid aluminum which consists of a solid body on which is applied a coating made of a composite as defined above, but without the reserve expressed above at the end of the definition of the composite formulation.
- the invention finally relates to the use of a component as defined above, in electrolysis cells for the production of aluminum.
- the invention will be better understood on reading the detailed but non-limiting description of the invention which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- FIGS. 1a to 1d show the ternary phase diagrams of the Nb-Al-C, Ta-Al-C, W-Al-C and Ti-Al-C systems, respectively.
- Two-phase triangles surrounded by dashed lines include compounds of the type (CNB-MR) ⁇ (AI-MR) y .
- the three-phase regions within the tiiet lines include (CNB-MR) x (AI-MR) y) R) z compounds.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show, at a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 ° C., the wettability as a function of time of a 90 mg liquid aluminum bead on a dense substrate of TiC and TiB 2, respectively.
- the table in the figures shows the contact angles on the left, on the right and the average value.
- FIGS. 3a to 3c show, at a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 ° C., the wettability as a function of time of a 90 mg liquid aluminum ball on Al 3 Ta, Al 4 W and Al 8 Mo 3 respectively.
- FIG. 4a shows, as a function of time, the average contact angle between a 90 mg liquid aluminum bead and various refractory ceramics.
- the curves corresponding to titanium aluminide (Al 3 Ti) and to graphite are also presented for comparison purposes.
- FIG. 4b shows, as a function of time, the average contact angle between a 90 mg liquid aluminum bead and various refractory metal aluminides.
- the curves corresponding to TiB 2 and TiC are also presented for comparison purposes.
- FIG. 5 shows x-diffraction spectra of composites according to the invention comprising titanium aluminide (Al 3 Ti) and various refractory ceramics.
- Figure 6 shows a table showing the melting points of various refractory metal aluminides as well as various refractory ceramics.
- Figures 7a and 7b show the phase diagrams of the ⁇ l-Nb and Al-Ta systems respectively.
- Figure 8 shows a schematic view of a composite material coating manufacturing method according to the invention which involves the use of thermal deposition by HVOF.
- FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d show high temperature phase diagrams (close to that used in the electrolysis cells) of Nb-Al-C, Ta-Al-C ternary systems. , W-Al-C and Ti-Al-C respectively.
- the space delimited by lines in tii and indicates compositions according to the invention with residual components having an excess of refractory metal on the one hand or aluminum and carbon on the other hand (z ⁇ 0) .
- Figures 2a and 2b show wettability experiments of liquid aluminum on component surfaces (CNB-MR) that is to say, refractory ceramics where MR is Ti. Note that the melting point of pure Ti is slightly lower than 1800 0 C but nevertheless, it is considered a refractory metal (MR) in the present context.
- Figure 2a is the case of TiC while Figure 2b is the case of TiB 2 .
- These photographs show a liquid aluminum ball that wets the surface as a function of time. Temperature, time and contact angle mean with the surface of TiC or TiB 2 is indicated on each image, the table under each figure summarizes the results of the experiment. It is noted that durations longer than 300 minutes are required to reach an average contact angle of the order of twenty degrees.
- Cos refractory materials that are wet with liquid aluminum are known to be good grain refiners (see previous discussion).
- Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show wettability experiments of liquid aluminum on surfaces of refractory metal aluminides (Al-MR).
- Figure 3a is the case of AI 3 Ta
- Figure 3b is the case of AI 4 W
- Figure 3c is that of AI 8 Mo 3 .
- it only takes a few tens of minutes or at most a hundred minutes to get a contact angle of a few tens of degrees.
- the velocity (wettability) on a refractory metal aluminide is therefore an order greater than that of the corresponding refractory ceramic.
- FIG. 4a shows the variation over time of the contact angle of the liquid aluminum on various refractory ceramics (CNB-MR) at 1000 ° C.
- CB-MR refractory ceramics
- the graphite is not wetted by the liquid aluminum and this is also the case for boron nitride (BM).
- BM boron nitride
- the contact angle for these materials is very high and hardly changes over time.
- Aluminum nitrides (AIN) or titanium (TiN) are very little wet by aluminum.
- the corresponding contact angles are for the most part greater than 90 °.
- the refractory materials known to be good grain refiners TiC and TiB 2
- TiC and TiB 2 are well wetted by liquid aluminum. The contact angles become less than 90 ° after about 100 minutes.
- Figure 4a also shows the case of titanium aluminide (AI 3 Ti) to compare it with refractory ceramics.
- AI 3 Ti titanium aluminide
- the wettability rate on AI 3 Ti is extremely fast when compared to others. This observation supports the hypothesis previously discussed of the existence of a thin layer of Al 3 Ti on the surface of TiB 2 to ensure the wettability of this grain refiner.
- Figure 4b shows the contact angle as a function of time for aluminides of refractory metals (AI-MR). The time scale is a few tens of minutes which is much shorter than that of the previous figure.
- the wettability is the fastest on the aluminides of Mo, Ti, Hf and W followed by Nb, V finally Ta.
- the same figure for comparison shows the result of the wettability experiments on TiC and TiB 2 .
- FIG. 5 shows nanocrystalline x-ray diffraction spectra of composites (CNB-MR) ⁇ (AI-MR) y obtained by intensive mechanical grinding.
- the aluminide component (Al-Mr) is Al 3 Ti and the refractory ceramic is 5a) AlN, 5b) TiN and 5c) TiC.
- aluminum aluminides refractory metals that is to say the components (AI-MR) 1 have melting points much lower, below 1800 0 C and typically between 1300 and 1700 0 C (see table of Figure 6). This temperature range is ideal for high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spraying which results in very dense coatings.
- HVOF high velocity oxyfuel
- sintering I composite (CNB-TB) x (AI-RM) y containing an aluminide component of refractory metal with a low melting point might also be carried out at much lower temperatures and more feasible a
- refractory metal aluminides of the type contemplated in the present invention often have congruent melting points as shown in Figures 7a and 7b for Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta respectively. the liquid state directly the material under the correct composition (AI-MR) without chemical segregation.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of a nonlimiting example of application in the form of a coating of the material according to the invention by the HVOF technique.
- a groove is first etched with a grinding wheel on the surface of a solid body which may be a series of graphite cathodes juxtaposed next to each other.
- the depth of the furrow can typically vary between a few tens of microns and a few centimeters.
- the composite of the invention is deposited using the HVOF technique within the groove so as to produce a wettable channel by liquid aluminum.
- the groove thus makes it possible to channel the liquid aluminum towards the recovery basin in addition to creating an obstacle to the movements of aluminum generated by the Lorentz forces as discussed previously.
- the costs are reduced accordingly.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2011115571/02A RU2487956C2 (ru) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | Композиционные материалы для смачиваемых катодов и их использование при производстве алюминия |
| US13/122,243 US8741185B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminum production |
| CA2739281A CA2739281C (fr) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | Materiaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium |
| CN2009801482155A CN102239272B (zh) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | 用于可润湿阴极的复合材料及其用于铝生产的应用 |
| AU2009299086A AU2009299086B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminium production |
| EP09817140A EP2373823A4 (fr) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | Matériaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2640206A CA2640206A1 (fr) | 2008-10-02 | 2008-10-02 | Materiaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium |
| CA2,640,206 | 2008-10-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010037220A1 true WO2010037220A1 (fr) | 2010-04-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2009/001377 Ceased WO2010037220A1 (fr) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-29 | Matériaux composites pour cathodes mouillables et usage de ceux-ci pour la production d'aluminium |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8741185B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2373823A4 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102239272B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2009299086B2 (fr) |
| CA (2) | CA2640206A1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2487956C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010037220A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104211408B (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-04-20 | 长春东基材料科技有限公司 | 一种硼碳氮化铝、钛(Ti,Al(B,C,N))陶瓷粉末材料及其制备方法 |
| BR112017016120A2 (pt) * | 2015-04-23 | 2018-03-27 | Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno Tekhnologicheskiy Tsentr | eletrodo de eletrolisador de alumínio (variantes) |
| CN106756264B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-06-21 | 湖南江滨机器(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种铝基复合材料、其制备方法及其应用 |
| CN106521215A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种铝合金铸锭晶粒度细化的方法 |
| RU2716569C1 (ru) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-03-12 | Евгений Сергеевич Горланов | Способ электролиза криолитоглиноземных расплавов с применением твердых катодов |
| WO2022091257A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | Corps fritté en nitrure de bore cubique, outil comprenant un corps fritté en nitrure de bore cubique et procédé de production d'un corps fritté en nitrure de bore cubique |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996007773A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cellule d'extraction electrolytique d'aluminium comportant des blocs cathodiques ameliores en carbone |
| WO1999041429A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-11 | 1999-08-19 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cellules d'extraction electrolytique d'aluminium a cathode drainee presentant une distribution amelioree d'alumine |
| WO2005052218A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-06-09 | Alcan International Limited | Stabilisateurs pour des structures cathodiques contenant du diborure de titane |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4774052A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1988-09-27 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Composites having an intermetallic containing matrix |
| US4836982A (en) | 1984-10-19 | 1989-06-06 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Rapid solidification of metal-second phase composites |
| JPH04502347A (ja) * | 1988-12-16 | 1992-04-23 | クルップ・ヴィディア・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 硬質金属複合体およびその製造方法 |
| WO1993008952A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-13 | Alcan International Limited | Procede pour modifier la surface d'un substrat en aluminium |
| US5310476A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-05-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory protective coatings, particularly on the surface of electrolytic cell components |
| US5753163A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1998-05-19 | Moltech. Invent S.A. | Production of bodies of refractory borides |
| US6096381A (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2000-08-01 | General Electric Company | Process for densifying and promoting inter-particle bonding of a bond coat for a thermal barrier coating |
| FR2780318B1 (fr) | 1998-06-29 | 2000-09-08 | Radiance | Lame composite, pouvant trouver application dans differents domaines techniques ou industriels, notamment dans l'industrie papetiere et l'imprimerie |
| CN1180110C (zh) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-12-15 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | 一种金属陶瓷及其制备方法 |
| CN101259528B (zh) * | 2008-01-17 | 2010-09-22 | 王哲 | 一种镍钒合金类为粘结相的无磁硬质合金粉末及制备方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-10-02 CA CA2640206A patent/CA2640206A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-09-29 US US13/122,243 patent/US8741185B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-29 RU RU2011115571/02A patent/RU2487956C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-09-29 EP EP09817140A patent/EP2373823A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-29 WO PCT/CA2009/001377 patent/WO2010037220A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-29 CN CN2009801482155A patent/CN102239272B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-29 AU AU2009299086A patent/AU2009299086B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-29 CA CA2739281A patent/CA2739281C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996007773A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cellule d'extraction electrolytique d'aluminium comportant des blocs cathodiques ameliores en carbone |
| WO1999041429A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-11 | 1999-08-19 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cellules d'extraction electrolytique d'aluminium a cathode drainee presentant une distribution amelioree d'alumine |
| WO2005052218A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-06-09 | Alcan International Limited | Stabilisateurs pour des structures cathodiques contenant du diborure de titane |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS., 2002, pages 57 ET 58, XP008148470 * |
| See also references of EP2373823A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102239272B (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
| EP2373823A1 (fr) | 2011-10-12 |
| CA2739281A1 (fr) | 2010-04-08 |
| AU2009299086A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
| RU2487956C2 (ru) | 2013-07-20 |
| RU2011115571A (ru) | 2012-10-27 |
| AU2009299086B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
| CN102239272A (zh) | 2011-11-09 |
| US8741185B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
| US20110195228A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| CA2640206A1 (fr) | 2010-04-02 |
| CA2739281C (fr) | 2017-06-27 |
| EP2373823A4 (fr) | 2012-05-09 |
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