WO2010018869A1 - 太陽電池の製造方法及び製造装置 - Google Patents
太陽電池の製造方法及び製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010018869A1 WO2010018869A1 PCT/JP2009/064361 JP2009064361W WO2010018869A1 WO 2010018869 A1 WO2010018869 A1 WO 2010018869A1 JP 2009064361 W JP2009064361 W JP 2009064361W WO 2010018869 A1 WO2010018869 A1 WO 2010018869A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/10—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass the devices comprising amorphous semiconductor material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/30—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/31—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells having multiple laterally adjacent thin-film photovoltaic cells deposited on the same substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a solar cell, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a solar cell capable of detecting and repairing a structural defect quickly at a low cost.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-209209 for which it applied on August 15, 2008, and uses the content here.
- a solar cell using a silicon single crystal is excellent in energy conversion efficiency per unit area.
- a solar cell using a silicon single crystal uses a silicon wafer obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot, a large amount of energy is consumed for manufacturing the ingot and the manufacturing cost is high.
- a solar cell is manufactured using a silicon single crystal, a considerable cost is required at present. Therefore, solar cells using amorphous (amorphous) silicon thin films that can be manufactured at lower cost are widely used as low-cost solar cells.
- Amorphous silicon solar cells use a semiconductor film having a layer structure called a pin junction in which an amorphous silicon film (i-type) that generates electrons and holes when receiving light is sandwiched between p-type and n-type silicon films. . Electrodes are formed on both sides of the semiconductor film. Electrons and holes generated by sunlight move actively due to the potential difference between the p-type and n-type semiconductors, and this is continuously repeated, causing a potential difference between the electrodes on both sides.
- i-type amorphous silicon film
- a transparent electrode such as TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) is formed on a glass substrate as a lower electrode, and a semiconductor film made of amorphous silicon, an upper electrode, A structure in which an Ag thin film or the like is formed is employed.
- TCO Transparent Conductive Oxide
- an amorphous silicon solar cell having a photoelectric conversion body composed of such upper and lower electrodes and a semiconductor film there is a problem that a potential difference is small and a resistance value is large only by depositing each layer uniformly over a wide area on a substrate. .
- an amorphous silicon solar battery is configured by forming partition elements in which photoelectric conversion bodies are electrically partitioned for each predetermined size and electrically connecting partition elements adjacent to each other.
- a groove called a scribe line (scribe line) is formed on a photoelectric conversion body uniformly formed in a large area on a substrate using a laser beam or the like to obtain a large number of strip-shaped partition elements.
- a structure in which the partition elements are electrically connected in series is employed.
- an amorphous silicon solar cell having such a structure it is known that some structural defects occur in the manufacturing stage. For example, when an amorphous silicon film is formed, particles may be mixed or pinholes may be generated, so that the upper electrode and the lower electrode may be locally short-circuited.
- Patent Document 1 A method of preventing a failure such as a short circuit by electrically separating from a non-existing portion is generally known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the stage on which the solar cell is placed is set at a predetermined distance. Only move and again irradiate with laser light to form irradiation marks. Next, an area including these two irradiation marks is picked up using an imaging device or the like, and the number of pixels between the two irradiation marks is measured on the obtained image. Then, the stage movement distance (actual size) per pixel is specified from the number of pixels between the two irradiation marks and the stage movement distance. Based on the conversion value between one pixel on the image thus obtained and the actual size on the stage, the movement of the stage is controlled so that the image of the structural defect on the image matches the laser irradiation position. ing.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and based on an image obtained by imaging a region including a structural defect, a solar cell capable of easily controlling a position irradiated with laser light with a few procedures.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method and a solar cell manufacturing apparatus.
- the solar cell manufacturing method includes a plurality of partition elements partitioned by a scribe line, and the partition elements adjacent to each other are electrically connected to each other.
- a photoelectric conversion body is formed, a structural defect existing in the partition element is detected (defect detection step), and an image is obtained by imaging a region including the structural defect and the scribe line with a predetermined resolution (imaging) Step), on the image, the first pixel number corresponding to the interval between the scribe lines adjacent to each other or the width of the scribe line is specified (first specification step), and the pre-stored adjacent to each other
- the actual size per pixel is calculated (first calculation step), and the second pixel number corresponding to the distance between the structural defect and the scribe line is specified on the image (second specification step), Comparing the second number of pixels with the actual size per pixel, the defect position information indicating the actual size from the scribe line to the position where the structural defect exists is calculated (second calculation step)
- the method includes controlling the position where the laser beam is irradiated based on the defect position information, and electrically isolating the structural defect by irradiating the laser beam (repair process).
- the solar cell manufacturing apparatus includes a plurality of partition elements partitioned by a scribe line, and the partition elements adjacent to each other are electrically connected to each other.
- An apparatus for manufacturing a solar cell including a photoelectric conversion body, the imaging unit imaging a region including a structural defect existing in the partition element and the scribe line with a predetermined resolution, and an image obtained by the imaging unit An image for specifying the first pixel number corresponding to the interval between the scribe lines adjacent to each other or the width of the scribe line, and the second pixel number corresponding to the distance between the structural defect and the scribe line.
- One pixel on the image is compared with the processing unit, a memory that stores an actual value indicating the width of the partition element or the width of the scribe line, and the first number of pixels and the actual value.
- the actual size of each is calculated, the actual size per pixel is compared with the second number of pixels, and defect position information indicating the actual size from the scribe line to the position where the structural defect exists is calculated.
- a laser irradiation unit that controls the position irradiated with the laser beam based on the defect position information and irradiates the laser beam.
- the distance between the imaging unit and the solar cell varies due to a slight difference in thickness or the like, or a structural defect is detected for each solar cell manufacturing lot.
- the actual size per pixel on the image changes due to the increase in the imaging magnification to increase the accuracy
- the actual actual size value (measured value) stored in the memory in advance
- the actual size per pixel is always calculated based on the number of constituent pixels.
- the production lot or imaging magnification of the solar cell is changed, the actual dimension per pixel is recalculated and then the stage is moved to adjust the position irradiated with the laser light. Becomes unnecessary, the time required for the process of repairing the defect of the solar cell can be reduced, and the efficiency in the repair process can be greatly increased.
- the solar cell manufacturing apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention it is not necessary to form marking marks on the partition elements of the solar cell each time the actual size per pixel is calculated. It is possible to manufacture a solar cell with excellent power generation efficiency without causing any damage to the partition elements.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged perspective view showing an example of a main part of an amorphous silicon type solar cell manufactured by the method for manufacturing a solar cell of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing the layer structure of the solar cell of FIG.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view in which a portion indicated by reference numeral B in FIG. 2A is enlarged.
- the solar cell 10 has a photoelectric conversion body 12 formed on a first surface 11a (one surface) of a transparent insulating substrate 11.
- substrate 11 is formed with the insulating material which is excellent in the transmittance
- first electrode layer (lower electrode) 13 is made of a transparent conductive material, for example, a light-transmitting metal oxide such as TCO or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- the second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 is formed of a conductive metal film such as Ag or Cu.
- the semiconductor layer 14 has, for example, a pin junction structure in which an i-type amorphous silicon film 16 is sandwiched between a p-type amorphous silicon film 17 and an n-type amorphous silicon film 18 as shown in FIG. 2B.
- a potential difference is generated between the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15 (photoelectric conversion).
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 is divided by a scribe line (scribe line) 19 into a large number of partition elements 21, 21.
- the partition elements 21, 21,... Are electrically partitioned from each other and electrically connected in series between the partition elements 21 adjacent to each other.
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 has a structure in which the partition elements 21, 21... Are all electrically connected in series. In this structure, a high potential difference current can be extracted.
- the scribe line 19 is formed, for example, by forming the photoelectric conversion body 12 uniformly on the first surface 11a of the substrate 11 and then forming grooves in the photoelectric conversion body 12 at a predetermined interval by laser light or the like.
- a protective layer made of an insulating resin or the like on the second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 constituting the photoelectric converter 12.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing step by step the method for manufacturing a solar cell of the present invention. Among these, the process from the position specification of the structural defect to the repair will be described in detail.
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 is formed on the first surface 11a of the transparent substrate 11 (photoelectric conversion body forming step: P1).
- a structure of the photoelectric converter 12 for example, a structure in which a first electrode layer (lower electrode) 13, a semiconductor layer 14, and a second electrode layer (upper electrode) 15 are stacked in order from the first surface 11 a of the substrate 11. Used.
- the structural defect A1 caused by impurities (contamination) mixed into the semiconductor layer 14 or the semiconductor layer 14 Problems such as structural defect A2 in which fine pinholes are generated may occur.
- Such structural defects A1 and A2 locally short-circuit (leak) between the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15 to reduce power generation efficiency.
- the photoelectric conversion body 12 is irradiated with, for example, a laser beam to form a scribe line (scribe line) 19, thereby forming a large number of partition elements 21, 21. Step of forming: P2).
- a predetermined defect detection device is used as a method for detecting structural defects present in the partition elements 21, 21.
- the type of defect detection device is not particularly limited.
- a method for detecting a defect a resistance value between adjacent partition elements 21 and 21 is measured at a predetermined interval in the long side direction of the partition element 21, and a region where the resistance value decreases, That is, there is a method for identifying a region where a defect that causes a short circuit is expected to exist.
- a method of identifying a rough region where a structural defect exists by applying a bias voltage to the entire partition element and detecting Joule heat generated at a short-circuited portion (location where a structural defect exists) with an infrared sensor. Also mentioned.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing the defect position specifying and repairing apparatus (solar cell manufacturing apparatus) of the present invention used in the defect position specifying process or the repairing process which is the next process.
- the defect position identifying and repairing apparatus 30 captures images of a stage (moving stage) 31 on which the solar cell 10 is placed and the partition elements 21, 21... Of the solar cell 10 placed on the stage 31 with a predetermined resolution. Part (camera) 32.
- an image processing unit 34 that processes the captured image data is connected to the imaging unit 32. Further, the image processing unit 34 is connected to a calculation unit 37 that compares the number of pixels of the image with the actual size value (actual measurement value).
- a stage moving mechanism 35 that controls the movement of the stage 31 is connected to the stage 31.
- the defect location specifying repair device 30 includes a laser irradiation unit 33 as a repair unit (repair device) that electrically separates (removes) the structural defects D of the partition elements 21, 21. That is, in the defect position identifying and repairing apparatus 30, the solar cell 10 placed on the stage 31 and the imaging unit 32 can move relative to each other, and the solar cell 10 and the laser irradiation unit 33 are connected to each other. It is possible to move relatively.
- the stage 31 can move the solar cell 10 with predetermined accuracy in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the imaging unit 32 for example, a camera provided with a solid-state imaging device (CCD) is used.
- the laser irradiation unit 33 is fixed at a predetermined position, and laser light is irradiated from the laser irradiation unit 33 toward the substrate 11 of the solar cell 10.
- the laser irradiation unit 33 for example, a light source that emits green laser light is used.
- the stage moving mechanism 35 moves the stage 31 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the position where the laser beam is irradiated onto the substrate 11 is controlled.
- the image processing unit 34 On the image having a predetermined resolution obtained by the imaging unit 32, the image processing unit 34 has a contrast ratio due to a difference in height (thickness difference) between the formation portion of the partition element 21 and the region of the scribe line 19 or the like.
- the partition element 21, the scribe line 19, and the structural defect D are specified.
- the calculation unit 37 is composed of, for example, a CPU, and compares the number of pixels indicating the width of the partition element 21 (interval between adjacent scribe lines) obtained in the image processing unit 34 with the actual size value. . In addition, the calculation unit 37 outputs movement data to the stage moving mechanism 35 based on the obtained actual size data per pixel. Further, a memory 36 for storing the actual size width value of each partition element 21 and the actual size width value of the scribe line 19 is connected to the calculation unit 37.
- the image pickup unit is located in the approximate region where the structural defect detected in the defect detection step (P3) as the previous step exists using the defect position specifying and repairing device 30 as described above.
- the stage 31 moves so that the imaging range of 32 matches.
- the structural defect D present in the partition element 21 and an image including the nearest scribe line 19 are imaged at a predetermined magnification and a predetermined resolution (imaging process: P4a).
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an image M obtained by the imaging unit 32.
- Data of the image M obtained by the imaging unit 32 is sent to the image processing unit 34.
- the partition elements 21 and the scribe lines 19 are specified on the image M based on the contrast ratio of the image M (P4b). Then, the number of pixels corresponding to the width of the partition element 21 or the number of pixels corresponding to the width of the scribe line 19 is detected on the image M to obtain a first pixel number p1 (first specifying step).
- the first pixel number p ⁇ b> 1 corresponding to the width w of the partition element 21 on the image M corresponds to 27 pixels.
- the resolution of the image M obtained by actually imaging a solar cell is finer than the said resolution by 27 pixels.
- the pixel size is expressed largely coarsely.
- the first pixel number p ⁇ b> 1 obtained in this way is input to the calculation unit 37.
- the calculation unit 37 reads the actual width value of the partition element 21 or the actual width value of the scribe line 19 from the memory 36 (reference process: P4c).
- the value of the actual width of the partition element 21 is read out.
- the actual size width value of the partition element 21 is compared with the first pixel number p1 corresponding to the width w of the partition element 21, and the actual size value Q per pixel is calculated (first calculation step: P4d (FIG. 6B)).
- the image processing unit 34 detects the number of pixels corresponding to the distance between the edge of the scribe line 19 and the structural defect D on the image M, and inputs it to the calculation unit 37 as the second pixel number p2 (second specification).
- Step: P4e (see FIG. 6C)).
- the computing unit 37 compares the second pixel number p2 with the actual size value Q per pixel, and obtains defect position information that is the actual size value L between the edge of the scribe line 19 and the structural defect D (first).
- the position and structure irradiated with the laser light Based on the defect position information indicating the actual size value L between the edge of the scribe line 19 and the structural defect D obtained through the defect position specifying step (P4) as described above, the position and structure irradiated with the laser light.
- the stage 31 is accurately guided so that the position in the vicinity of the defect D coincides.
- a laser beam is irradiated from the laser irradiation unit 33 while focusing on the structural defect D to form a repair line surrounding the structural defect D (repair process: P5).
- the structural defect D is electrically separated (removed) from a region where no defect exists.
- the distance between the imaging unit 32 and the solar cells 10 varies due to a slight difference in thickness or the like, or the detection accuracy of structural defects is increased.
- the actual size per pixel on the image changes due to the increased imaging magnification, it is based on the specified actual size value stored in the memory in advance and the number of constituent pixels. The actual size per pixel is always calculated.
- the manufacturing lot or imaging magnification of the solar cell 10 is changed, the actual size per pixel is recalculated, and then the stage is moved to adjust the position irradiated with the laser light. The procedure becomes unnecessary, the time required for the process of repairing the defect of the solar cell 10 can be reduced, and the efficiency in the repair process can be greatly increased.
- the solar cell 10 can be manufactured.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell and a solar cell that can easily control the position irradiated with laser light with few procedures based on an image obtained by imaging a region including a structural defect. It is useful for manufacturing equipment.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年8月15日に出願された特願2008-209209号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このような上下電極と半導体膜からなる光電変換体を備えたアモルファスシリコン太陽電池においては、基板上に広い面積で均一に各層を成膜しただけでは電位差が小さく、抵抗値が大きくなる問題がある。そのため、例えば、光電変換体を所定のサイズごとに電気的に区画した区画素子を形成し、互いに隣接する区画素子どうしを電気的に接続することにより、アモルファスシリコン太陽電池が構成されている。
具体的には、基板上に広い面積で均一に形成した光電変換体にレーザー光などを用いてスクライブ線(スクライブライン)と称される溝を形成し、多数の短冊状の区画素子を得て、この区画素子どうしを電気的に直列に接続した構造が採用される。
次に、撮像装置等を用いてこれら2つの照射痕を含む領域を撮像し、得られた画像上で、2つの照射痕の間の画素数を計測する。
そして、2つの照射痕の間の画素数とステージの移動距離とから、1画素あたりのステージの移動距離(実寸)を特定する。
このように得られた画像上の1画素とステージ上での実寸法との変換値に基づいて、画像上の構造欠陥の像とレーザー照射位置とが合致するように、ステージの移動が制御されている。
このため、個々の太陽電池ごとに1画素あたりの実寸法を算出し直してから、ステージを移動させて、レーザー光が照射される位置を調整するという手間の掛かる欠陥修復手順が必要であった。
また、1画素あたりの実寸法を算出するたびに、太陽電池の区画素子にマーキングとなるレーザー痕を形成する必要があるので、無用な損傷を区画素子に与えてしまうという課題もあった。
これにより、太陽電池の製造ロット又は撮像倍率を変更する度に、1画素あたりの実寸法を算出し直した後に、ステージを移動させてレーザー光が照射される位置を調整するという手間の掛かる手順が不要となり、太陽電池の欠陥を修復する工程に要する時間を削減し、修復工程における効率を大いに高めることが可能になる。
なお、本実施形態は、発明の趣旨をより良く理解させるために具体的に説明するものである。本発明の技術範囲は以下に述べる実施形態に限定されることなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更を加えることが可能である。
また、以下の説明に用いる各図面では、各構成要素を図面上で認識し得る程度の大きさとするため、各構成要素の寸法及び比率を実際のものとは適宜に異ならせてある。
太陽電池10は、透明な絶縁性の基板11の第1面11a(一方の面)に形成された光電変換体12を有する。基板11は、例えば、カラス又は透明樹脂など、太陽光の透過性に優れ、かつ耐久性を有する絶縁材料で形成されている。この基板11の第2面11b(他方の面)には太陽光が入射する。
第一電極層(下部電極)13は、透明な導電材料、例えば、TCO,ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)などの光透過性の金属酸化物から形成されている。
また、第二電極層(上部電極)15は、Ag,Cuなど導電性の金属膜によって形成されている。
図3は本発明の太陽電池の製造方法を段階的に示したフローチャートである。このうち、特に構造欠陥の位置特定から修復に至る工程について詳述する。
まず、図1に示すように、透明な基板11の第1面11aに上に光電変換体12を形成する(光電変換体の形成工程:P1)。光電変換体12の構造としては、例えば、基板11の第1面11aから順に第一電極層(下部電極)13,半導体層14,及び第二電極層(上部電極)15が積層された構造が用いられる。
欠陥検出装置の種類は、特に限定されない。欠陥を検出する方法の一例としては、互いに隣接する区画素子21,21間の抵抗値を、区画素子21の長辺方向に所定の間隔で測定していき、抵抗値が低下している領域、即ち短絡の原因である欠陥が存在することが予測される大よその領域を特定する方法が挙げられる。
欠陥位置特定修復装置30は、太陽電池10が載置されるステージ(移動ステージ)31と、このステージ31に載置される太陽電池10の区画素子21,21…を所定の解像度で撮像する撮像部(カメラ)32とを含む。
即ち、欠陥位置特定修復装置30においては、ステージ31に載置された太陽電池10と撮像部32とが相対的に移動することが可能であり、また、太陽電池10とレーザー照射部33とが相対的に移動することが可能である。
レーザー照射部33は、所定の位置で固定され、このレーザー照射部33から太陽電池10の基板11に向けてレーザー光が照射される。
レーザー照射部33としては、例えば、グリーンレーザー光を照射する光源が用いられる。
ステージ移動機構35がステージ31をX軸及びY軸方向に移動させることにより、基板11上にレーザー光が照射される位置が制御される。
演算部37は、例えばCPU等から構成され、画像処理部34において得られた区画素子21の幅(互いに隣接する前記スクライブ線どうしの間隔)を示す画素数と、実寸値との比較などを行う。また、演算部37は、得られた1画素あたりの実寸法データ等に基づいて、ステージ移動機構35に対して移動データを出力する。
また、この演算部37には、それぞれの区画素子21の実寸幅の値や、スクライブ線19の実寸幅の値を記憶するメモリ36が接続される。
そして、区画素子21に存在する構造欠陥Dと、その直近のスクライブ線19を含む画像とを、所定の倍率及び所定の解像度で撮像する(撮像工程:P4a)。
撮像部32によって得られた画像Mのデータは、画像処理部34に送られる。画像処理部34においては、画像Mのコントラスト比等に基づき、画像M上で区画素子21とスクライブ線19とが特定される(P4b)。
そして、画像M上で区画素子21の幅に相当する画素数、あるいはスクライブ線19の幅に相当する画素数を検出し、第一画素数p1を得る(第一特定工程)。
なお、太陽電池を実際に撮像することによって得られた画像Mの解像度は、27画素による上記解像度よりも細かい。図6Aにおいては、説明を容易にするために、画素のサイズを大幅に粗く表現している。こうして得られた第一画素数p1は、演算部37に入力される。
図6Aに示す例では、区画素子21の実寸幅の値が読み出される。そして、区画素子21の実寸幅の値と、区画素子21の幅wに相当する第一画素数p1とを比較し、1画素あたりの実寸値Qを算出する(第一算出工程:P4d(図6B参照))。
そして、演算部37において、第二画素数p2と、1画素あたりの実寸値Qとを比較し、スクライブ線19のエッジと構造欠陥Dと間の実寸値Lである欠陥位置情報を得る(第二算出工程:P4f)。
そして、レーザー照射部33から構造欠陥Dに焦点を合わせてレーザー光を照射し、構造欠陥Dを取り囲むリペア線を形成する(修復工程:P5)。これにより、構造欠陥Dは、欠陥が存在していない領域から電気的に分離(除去)される。
これにより、太陽電池10の製造ロット又は撮像倍率を変更する度に、1画素あたりの実寸法を算出し直した後に、ステージを移動させてレーザー光が照射される位置を調整するという手間の掛かる手順が不要となり、太陽電池10の欠陥を修復する工程に要する時間を削減し、修復工程における効率を大いに高めることが可能になる。
Claims (2)
- 太陽電池の製造方法であって、
スクライブ線によって区画された複数の区画素子を有し、互いに隣接する前記区画素子どうしが電気的に接続された光電変換体を形成し、
前記区画素子に存在する構造欠陥を検出し、
前記構造欠陥と前記スクライブ線とを含む領域を所定の解像度で撮像することによって画像を得て、
前記画像上で、互いに隣接する前記スクライブ線どうしの間隔、又は前記スクライブ線の幅に相当する第一の画素数を特定し、
予め記憶された互いに隣接する前記スクライブ線どうしの間隔、又は予め記憶された前記スクライブ線の幅を示す実測値を参照し、
前記第一の画素数と、前記実測値とを比較して、前記画像上における1画素あたりの実寸法を算出し、
前記画像上で、前記構造欠陥と前記スクライブ線との距離に相当する第二の画素数を特定し、
前記第二の画素数と、前記1画素あたりの実寸法とを比較して、前記スクライブ線から前記構造欠陥が存在する位置までの実寸法を示す欠陥位置情報を算出し、
前記欠陥位置情報に基づいてレーザー光が照射される位置を制御し、前記レーザー光を照射することにより、前記構造欠陥を電気的に分離する
ことを特徴とする太陽電池の製造方法。 - スクライブ線によって区画された複数の区画素子を有して互いに隣接する前記区画素子どうしが電気的に接続された光電変換体を含む太陽電池の製造装置であって、
前記区画素子に存在する構造欠陥と前記スクライブ線とを含む領域を所定の解像度で撮像する撮像部と、
前記撮像部によって得られた画像上で、互いに隣接する前記スクライブ線どうしの間隔、又は前記スクライブ線の幅に相当する第一の画素数、及び前記構造欠陥と前記スクライブ線との距離に相当する第二の画素数を特定する画像処理部と、
前記区画素子の幅、又は前記スクライブ線の幅を示す実測値を記憶するメモリと、
前記第一の画素数と前記実測値とを比較して、前記画像上における1画素あたりの実寸法を算出し、前記1画素あたりの実寸法と前記第二の画素数とを比較して、前記スクライブ線から前記構造欠陥が存在する位置までの実寸法を示す欠陥位置情報を算出する演算部と、
前記欠陥位置情報に基づいてレーザー光が照射される位置を制御し、前記レーザー光を照射するレーザー照射部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする太陽電池の製造装置。
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| JP2010524758A JPWO2010018869A1 (ja) | 2008-08-15 | 2009-08-14 | 太陽電池の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| US13/058,485 US20110135187A1 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2009-08-14 | Photovoltaic cell manufacturing method and photovoltaic cell manufacturing apparatus |
| KR1020117000505A KR101153434B1 (ko) | 2008-08-15 | 2009-08-14 | 태양 전지의 제조 방법 및 제조 장치 |
| EP09806760A EP2320473A4 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2009-08-14 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL, AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL |
| CN2009801260022A CN102084494A (zh) | 2008-08-15 | 2009-08-14 | 太阳能电池的制造方法以及制造装置 |
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| WO2012143892A3 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2013-03-14 | Somont Gmbh | Methods and system for detecting defects of at least a photovoltaic device |
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| CN114972150B (zh) * | 2021-02-24 | 2023-12-05 | 正泰集团研发中心(上海)有限公司 | 光伏组件尺寸缺陷检测方法 |
| CN113537236B (zh) * | 2021-06-21 | 2023-04-21 | 电子科技大学 | 用于航天器损伤红外检测的热扩散效应缺陷定量识别方法 |
| CN114113116B (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-08-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种大口径元件表面微缺陷精确检测工艺方法 |
| CN115881573B (zh) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-05 | 通威太阳能(成都)有限公司 | 太阳能电池片表面线路形貌的检测方法 |
| CN117318620B (zh) * | 2023-10-25 | 2025-08-08 | 晶科能源(上饶)有限公司 | 电池片检测方法及电池片检测系统 |
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| US20110135187A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| EP2320473A4 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| KR20110028345A (ko) | 2011-03-17 |
| TW201013963A (en) | 2010-04-01 |
| CN102084494A (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
| KR101153434B1 (ko) | 2012-06-07 |
| EP2320473A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
| JPWO2010018869A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
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