WO2010017879A1 - Method for producing a bimetal valve - Google Patents
Method for producing a bimetal valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010017879A1 WO2010017879A1 PCT/EP2009/005307 EP2009005307W WO2010017879A1 WO 2010017879 A1 WO2010017879 A1 WO 2010017879A1 EP 2009005307 W EP2009005307 W EP 2009005307W WO 2010017879 A1 WO2010017879 A1 WO 2010017879A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- composite
- alloy
- blank
- valve blank
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
- B23P15/002—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings poppet valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
- B22D19/0027—Cylinders, pistons pistons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a bimetallic valve having a part of the valve member containing the stem part of a first alloy and a valve member forming the composite part of a second alloy of higher quality.
- Bimetallic valves are mainly used as exhaust valves in high-pressure combustion engines.
- the valve disk usually consists of a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy.
- Such bimetallic valves are particularly suitable for use in heavy oil engines on ships. Not least for cost reasons, a much cheaper iron-based alloy than martensitic or austenitic valve steel is used for the shaft part of the valve usually - compared with the nickel-based alloy.
- Valve plate and shaft part are made separately from the respective alloys and welded together at a common connection surface in the shaft region.
- Such a bimetallic valve in which the valve stem and valve disc consist of different alloys is known from DE 10209346 Al.
- a shaft end of the shaft part produced from a first alloy is encapsulated with a second alloy to form the valve disk.
- a positive connection is provided by means of additionally provided notches or grooves.
- a method for producing a poppet valve in which on the mold blank of a poppet valve, a high temperature material based on a (cobalt) Nickelchrom Superle- alloy by welding, in particular friction welding, is applied, and then the blank to the finished product is deformed.
- the superalloy preferably forms the valve bottom;
- An armor made of mechanically high quality steel.
- a composite valve blank having a first alloy stem member and a second alloy valve disc is made by composite casting or welding, which is then forged into a bimetallic valve blank. After forging can still follow a heat treatment step.
- the first alloy an iron-based alloy, e.g. X45CrNiW189 or 26 CrNiW2010 used.
- the second alloy is preferably a nickel-based alloy which has a significantly higher quality than austenitic steel in terms of its temperature, corrosion and wear resistance.
- a partial valve blank produced from the first alloy is produced by casting, extrusion or forging.
- a composite part of the second alloy is then connected.
- the partial valve blank are introduced into a mold, after which the mold is filled with the molten second alloy to form a composite valve blank.
- the part-valve blank may be joined by welding, eg friction welding, to a forged or cast composite part of the second alloy. This is followed by the forging step to form the bimetal valve blank, from which the finished bimetallic valve is produced by machining.
- the partial valve blank can advantageously be an upsetting bulb made in a casting mold; this can alternatively be formed from a unilaterally conductive upturned shaft. It is also conceivable that a part valve blank is produced as a forged part with upsetting bulb or by machining. Such a partial valve blank can then be encapsulated on the side forming the later valve plate with the second alloy, after which a bimetallic valve blank according to the invention is produced in a subsequent forging step.
- the valve disk consists of a second alloy of high quality, in particular of the already mentioned high heat resistant nickel base alloy, so that in particular the valve disc bottom, the peripheral region of the valve disc and the valve seat with high temperature resistance corresponding to corrosion, temperature and are wear-resistant.
- the transition region between nickel-based alloy and iron-based alloy is a high-grade bond that has not previously been so easily achievable; Namely, it forms in the transition region - by the successive executed process steps of casting and forging - a particularly fine-grained structure, which gives the bimetallic valve a long life.
- the entire connection surface of the partial valve blank or the upsetting bulb, to which the second alloy is cast in the composite casting step substantially within a plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shank portion of the partial valve blank. Due to the fact that, in the forging step following the composite casting, the forging force or the forging pressure is applied coaxially to the shaft part of the valve in the usual way, this results in a maximum force action in the entire connection region and thus a particularly strong connection between the first and second alloys.
- Part valve blanks to achieve a better overall metallurgical connection is heated.
- the connecting surface is brought to an elevated temperature immediately before the composite casting step and, if necessary, even during the composite casting step, for example to a temperature in the range between 900 0 C and 1100 0 is heated C , This is expediently carried out by means of a ring inductor surrounding the part-valve blank in the immediate vicinity of the connection surface.
- the partial valve blank or the upsetting bulb is expediently provided, at least in the region of the connection surface, with a protective layer to prevent oxidation.
- a protective layer to prevent oxidation.
- a metallic Protective layer such as a nickel or gold layer, whose layer thickness is preferably in the range between 5 - 20 microns.
- the bimetallic valve is still locally limited with further metal sections, e.g. with a shank end of hardenable martensitic iron base or with a cobalt-based alloy in the seating area.
- FIGS. 1 to 8 relate to the production of a first, Fig. 9 to 11, a second embodiment of a Bimetallventilrohlings.
- cylindrical shaft 1 austenitic steel such as the market composition 26CrNiW2010 or X45CrNiW189 is formed in a first step by one-sided compression - with simultaneous conductive heating - to the part valve blank 3 shown in Fig. 2 in the form of a compression bulb, the a shaft part 2 and a - due to the compression - in contrast widened in diameter end 4.
- the partial valve blank 3 can also be produced by casting in a corresponding mold.
- the frontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L of the shaft part 2 standing connection surface 5 at the widened end 4 of the partial valve blank 3 is in a next Process step provided with an approximately 10 micron thin metallic protective layer 6 of gold or nickel, which is shown in Fig. 3 with oversized thickness.
- the part valve blank 3 is introduced into a mold 7 according to arrow A, which is shown schematically in FIG. 4, wherein the front-side connection surface 5 of the partial valve blank 3 covered with the protective layer 6 (FIG. 3) is likewise shown only schematically before the composite casting Ring inductor 8 is heated to a temperature of about 1000 0 C.
- the composite casting of the partial valve blank immediately follows, with a sprue part or composite part 12 being produced on the connection surface 5 of the partial valve blank 3 by filling the casting mold 7 with a molten nickel-based alloy.
- the finished composite valve blank 11 thus consists of the partial valve blank 3 made of austenitic steel, to which the composite part 12 made of a nickel-base alloy adjoins axially.
- the composite part 12 consists for example of superalloys commercially available under the names Nimomic 80a or In625.
- the composite valve blank 11 is then introduced into the forging die 14, which represents a negative mold 13 for the bimetallic valve blank according to the invention (cf., Fig. 7) and in a subsequent forging step by means of a direction along the direction indicated by arrow F, ie force acting axially with respect to the longitudinal axis L of the shank, to which the bimetallic valve blank 15 according to the invention shown in FIG. 8 is formed, which is subjected to a heat treatment after forging.
- the bimetallic valve blank according to the invention thus consists of a shaft 16 made of austenitic steel and a valve disk 17 made of a nickel-based alloy, the approximate transition region between the steel alloy and the nickel-based alloy being represented by the dashed line 18.
- connection region between austenitic steel and nickel-based alloy which is no longer completely flat as a result of forming during forging results.
- the latter extends from the valve disc bottom 19 up to and including the seating area 20 of the valve disc 17.
- a second embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention is - partially - in Figs. 9 to 11 illustrated.
- a part-valve blank 21 made of only austenitic steel is produced by forging in a die 22 or by casting in a mold (not shown). Subsequently, this partial valve blank 21 is turned off in the region of the valve disk 23 up to a rotational edge 24, as shown in FIG. In Fig. 11, this rotation edge 24 shown in more detail; it limits a region of the partial valve blank 21 adjacent to the valve seat and the valve plate bottom, forming a sprue surface 25 for the following composite casting.
- the sprue surface 25 may optionally be provided with a - not shown - metallic protective layer. This results in the part valve blank 21 shown in FIG.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bimetallventils Method for producing a bimetallic valve
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bimetallventils mit einem den Schaftteil enthaltenden Teilventilrohling aus einer ersten Legierung und einem den Ventilteller bildenden Verbundteil aus einer zweiten Legierung höherer Güte.The present invention relates to a method for producing a bimetallic valve having a part of the valve member containing the stem part of a first alloy and a valve member forming the composite part of a second alloy of higher quality.
Bimetallventile werden hauptsächlich als Auslassventile in hoch belasteten Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt. Der Ventilteller besteht dabei üblicherweise aus einer hochtemperaturfesten und korrosionsbeständigen Nickelbasislegierung. Derartige Bimetallventile eignen sich insbesondere zum Einsatz in Schwerölmotoren auf Schiffen. Nicht zuletzt aus Kostengründen wird für den Schaftteil des Ventils üblicherweise eine - verglichen mit der Nickelbasislegierung - wesentlich kostengünstigere Eisenbasislegierung als martensitischer oder austenitischer Ventilstahl verwendet. Ventilteller und Schaftteil werden dabei separat aus den jeweiligen Legierungen hergestellt und an einer gemeinsamen Verbindungsfläche im Schaftbereich miteinander verschweißt.Bimetallic valves are mainly used as exhaust valves in high-pressure combustion engines. The valve disk usually consists of a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy. Such bimetallic valves are particularly suitable for use in heavy oil engines on ships. Not least for cost reasons, a much cheaper iron-based alloy than martensitic or austenitic valve steel is used for the shaft part of the valve usually - compared with the nickel-based alloy. Valve plate and shaft part are made separately from the respective alloys and welded together at a common connection surface in the shaft region.
Ein derartiges Bimetallventil, bei welchem Ventilschaft und Ventilteller aus verschiedenen Legierungen bestehen ist aus der DE 10209346 Al bekannt. Dabei wird ein Schaftende des aus einer ersten Legierung hergestellten Schaftteils mit einer zweiten Legierung zur Ausbildung des Ventiltellers umgössen. Für eine solide metallurgische Verbindung zwischen den beiden Legierungen wird ein aufwendiges Gussverfahren mit hohem Fülldruck vor¬ geschlagen, wobei zur Verbesserung der Stabilität der Verbindung ggfs. ein Formschluss mittels zusätzlich vorzusehender Kerben oder Nuten vorgesehen ist.Such a bimetallic valve, in which the valve stem and valve disc consist of different alloys is known from DE 10209346 Al. In this case, a shaft end of the shaft part produced from a first alloy is encapsulated with a second alloy to form the valve disk. For a solid metallurgical bond between the two alloys is an elaborate casting process with high filling pressure before beaten ¬ , wherein for improving the stability of the connection, if necessary, a positive connection is provided by means of additionally provided notches or grooves.
Ferner ist aus der DE 3205183 Al ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Tellerventils bekannt, bei welchem auf den Formrohling eines Tellerventils ein Hochtemperaturwerkstoff auf Basis einer (Kobalt-) Nickelchrom Superle- gierung durch Schweißen, insbesondere Reibschweißen, aufgebracht wird, und anschließend der Rohling zum Fertigprodukt verformt wird. Dabei bildet die Superlegie- rung bevorzugt den Ventilboden; zusätzlich wird vorgeschlagen, die HochtemperaturwerkstoffSchicht an den Rändern des Ventilbodens in Richtung zum Umfang des Ventiltellers hoch zu ziehen. Zur Vergütung des Ventils im Bereich des Ventilsitzes soll dort ggfs. eine Panzerung aus mechanisch hochwertigem Stahl aufgebracht werden. Insgesamt erweist sich das bekannte Herstellungsverfahren fertigungstechnisch als äußerst komplex.Furthermore, from DE 3205183 Al a method for producing a poppet valve is known in which on the mold blank of a poppet valve, a high temperature material based on a (cobalt) Nickelchrom Superle- alloy by welding, in particular friction welding, is applied, and then the blank to the finished product is deformed. The superalloy preferably forms the valve bottom; In addition, it is proposed to pull up the high-temperature material layer at the edges of the valve bottom in the direction of the circumference of the valve disk. To compensate for the valve in the region of the valve seat there should possibly be applied. An armor made of mechanically high quality steel. Overall, the known manufacturing process proves to be extremely complex in terms of manufacturing technology.
Bei einem nach DE 3614185 Al bekannten Verfahren wird ein Stangenabschnitt mit einer Nickellegierung durch Explosivplatieren oder Aufschrumpfen zu einer Birnenform verbunden und im Gesank zu einem Verbundventilrohling ausgeschmiedet, der anschließend spanend bearbeitet wird.In a method known from DE 3614185 Al a bar section with a nickel alloy by Explosivplatieren or shrinking is connected to a pear shape and forged in the Gesank to a composite valve blank, which is then machined.
Aus DE 522326 A ist es bekannt, einen Verbundventilrohling durch Reibschweißen herzustellen. Ausgehend von dem vorbeschriebenen Stand der Technik ist es daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Bimetallventil mit hoher Güte der metallurgischen Verbindung im Übergangsbereich beider Legierungen möglichst einfach und mit niedrigen Herstellungskosten zu fertigen .From DE 522326 A it is known to produce a composite valve blank by friction welding. Based on the above-described prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to produce a bimetallic valve with high quality metallurgical compound in the transition region of both alloys as simple as possible and with low production costs.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch Herstellungsverfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 gelöst.This object is achieved by manufacturing method according to claims 1 and 2.
Nach den erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahren wird ein Verbundventilrohling mit einem Schaftteil aus einer ersten Legierung und einem Ventilteller aus einer zweiten Legierung durch Verbundgießen oder Verschweißen hergestellt, der anschließend zu einem Bimetallventilrohling geschmiedet wird. Nach dem Schmieden kann noch ein Wärmebehandlungsschritt folgen. Als erste Legierung wird bevorzugt eine Eisenbasislegierung, z.B. X45CrNiW189 oder 26 CrNiW2010 verwendet. Die zweite Legierung ist bevorzugt eine Nickelbasislegierung, die hinsichtlich ihrer Temperatur-, Korrosions- und Verschleißfestigkeit eine deutlich höhere Güte als auste- nitischer Stahl aufweist.According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, a composite valve blank having a first alloy stem member and a second alloy valve disc is made by composite casting or welding, which is then forged into a bimetallic valve blank. After forging can still follow a heat treatment step. As the first alloy, an iron-based alloy, e.g. X45CrNiW189 or 26 CrNiW2010 used. The second alloy is preferably a nickel-based alloy which has a significantly higher quality than austenitic steel in terms of its temperature, corrosion and wear resistance.
Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass zuerst ein aus der ersten Legierung gefertigter Teilventilrohling durch Gießen, Extrudieren oder Schmieden hergestellt wird. Mit diesem Teilventilrohling wird dann ein Verbundteil aus der zweiten Legierung verbunden. Dazu kann der Teilventil- rohling in eine Gussform eingebracht werden, wonach die Form mit der schmelzflüssigen zweiten Legierung zur Bildung eines Verbundventilrohlings gefüllt wird. Alternativ kann der Teilventilrohling durch Aufschweißen, z.B. Reibschweißen, mit einem geschmiedeten oder gegossenen Verbundteil aus der zweiten Legierung verbunden werden. Danach schließt sich der Schmiedeschritt zur Ausformung des Bimetallventilrohlings an, aus dem das fertige Bimetallventil durch spanende Bearbeitung hergestellt wird.In the context of the manufacturing method according to the invention, it is provided that first a partial valve blank produced from the first alloy is produced by casting, extrusion or forging. With this part valve blank, a composite part of the second alloy is then connected. For this purpose, the partial valve blank are introduced into a mold, after which the mold is filled with the molten second alloy to form a composite valve blank. Alternatively, the part-valve blank may be joined by welding, eg friction welding, to a forged or cast composite part of the second alloy. This is followed by the forging step to form the bimetal valve blank, from which the finished bimetallic valve is produced by machining.
Wie nachfolgend näher erläutert kann es sich bei dem Teilventilrohling in vorteilhafter Weise um eine mit in einer Gussform hergestellte Stauchbirne handeln; dieser kann alternativ auch aus einem einseitig konduktiv angestauchten Schaft gebildet sein. Denkbar ist auch, dass ein Teilventilrohling als Schmiedeteil mit Stauchbirne oder durch spanende Bearbeitung hergestellt wird. Ein derartiger Teilventilrohling kann dann auf der den späteren Ventilteller bildenden Seite mit der zweiten Legierung umgössen werden, wonach in einem nachfolgenden Schmiedeschritt ein erfindungsgemäßer Bimetallventilrohling gefertigt wird.As explained in more detail below, the partial valve blank can advantageously be an upsetting bulb made in a casting mold; this can alternatively be formed from a unilaterally conductive upturned shaft. It is also conceivable that a part valve blank is produced as a forged part with upsetting bulb or by machining. Such a partial valve blank can then be encapsulated on the side forming the later valve plate with the second alloy, after which a bimetallic valve blank according to the invention is produced in a subsequent forging step.
Dadurch dass auf den mittels gängiger Gießverfahren auszuführenden Verbundguss des Verbundventilrohlings ein Formgebungsschritt mittels Schmieden erfolgt, ergibt sich eine besonders innige und homogene Verbindung der beiden den erfindungsgemäßen Bimetallventilrohling bildenden Legierungen. Bei nach den erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Bimetallventilen besteht der Ventilteller aus einer zweiten Legierung hoher Güte, insbesondere aus der bereits genannten hochwärmefesten Nickelbasislegierung, so dass insbesondere der Ventiltellerboden, der Um- fangsbereich des Ventiltellers und der Ventilsitz bei hoher Temperaturfestigkeit entsprechend korrosions-, temperatur- und verschleißbeständig sind. Der Übergangsbereich zwischen Nickelbasislegierung und Eisenbasislegierung stellt eine Verbundstelle mit hoher Güte dar, die bisher nicht auf so einfache Weise erzielbar war; es bildet sich nämlich im Übergangsbereich - durch die nacheinander ausgeführten Verfahrensschritte des Gießens und des Schmiedens - ein besonders feinkörniges Gefüge, welches dem Bimetallventil eine hohe Lebendauer verleiht .The fact that a forming step by means of forging takes place on the composite casting of the composite valve blank to be carried out by means of customary casting processes results in a particularly intimate and homogeneous connection of the two alloys forming the bimetallic valve blank according to the invention. In bimetallic valves produced by the method according to the invention, the valve disk consists of a second alloy of high quality, in particular of the already mentioned high heat resistant nickel base alloy, so that in particular the valve disc bottom, the peripheral region of the valve disc and the valve seat with high temperature resistance corresponding to corrosion, temperature and are wear-resistant. The transition region between nickel-based alloy and iron-based alloy is a high-grade bond that has not previously been so easily achievable; Namely, it forms in the transition region - by the successive executed process steps of casting and forging - a particularly fine-grained structure, which gives the bimetallic valve a long life.
Bisher waren bei der Herstellung von gattungsgemäßen Bimetallventilen Gieß- und Schmiedeverfahren stets nur als alternative Herstellungsverfahren bekannt; erst deren erfindungsgemäße Kombination bringt die genannten Vorteile mit sich. Der das Herstellungsverfahren ggfs. abschließende Wärmebehandlungsschritt sorgt zusätzlich für eine hochbelastbare Oberflächenstruktur und verbessert dabei gleichzeitig nochmals die metallurgische Verbindung der beiden verwendeten Legierungen.So far, in the production of generic bimetal valves casting and forging processes have always been known only as an alternative manufacturing process; only their combination according to the invention brings the advantages mentioned with it. The heat treatment step, if necessary, which concludes the production process, additionally ensures a highly loadable surface structure and at the same time once again improves the metallurgical bond of the two alloys used.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die gesamte Verbindungsfläche des Teilventilrohlings bzw. der Stauchbirne, an welche die zweite Legierung in dem Verbundgussschritt angegossen wird, im wesentlichen innerhalb einer senkrecht zur Langsachse des Schaftteils des Teilventilrohlings orientierten Ebene verlauft. Dadurch, dass bei dem auf das Verbundgießen folgenden Schmiedeschritt die Schmiedekraft bzw. der Schmiededruck in gewohnter Weise koaxial zum Schaftteil des Ventils aufgebracht wird, ergibt sich eine maximale Krafteinwirkung im gesamten Verbindungsbereich und damit eine besonders feste Verbindung zwischen erster und zweiter Legierung.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the entire connection surface of the partial valve blank or the upsetting bulb, to which the second alloy is cast in the composite casting step, substantially within a plane oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shank portion of the partial valve blank. Due to the fact that, in the forging step following the composite casting, the forging force or the forging pressure is applied coaxially to the shaft part of the valve in the usual way, this results in a maximum force action in the entire connection region and thus a particularly strong connection between the first and second alloys.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass vor dem Angießen der zweiten Legierung die Verbindungsflache desAccording to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that before the casting of the second alloy, the bonding surface of the
Teilventilrohlings zur Erzielung einer insgesamt besseren metallurgischen Verbindung erhitzt wird. Im Fall von austenitischem Stahl als erster Legierung kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn die Verbindungsflache unmittelbar vor dem Verbundgussschritt und ggfs. noch wahrend des Verbundgussschrittes auf eine erhöhte Temperatur gebracht wird, z.B. auf eine Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 900 0C und 1100 0C erhitzt wird. Dies geschieht zweckmäßig mittels eines den Teilventilrohling in unmittelbarer Umgebung der Verbindungsflache umgebenden Ringinduktors .Part valve blanks to achieve a better overall metallurgical connection is heated. In the case of austenitic steel as the first alloy, it may be expedient if the connecting surface is brought to an elevated temperature immediately before the composite casting step and, if necessary, even during the composite casting step, for example to a temperature in the range between 900 0 C and 1100 0 is heated C , This is expediently carried out by means of a ring inductor surrounding the part-valve blank in the immediate vicinity of the connection surface.
Zweckmäßig wird der Teilventilrohling bzw. die Stauchbirne mindestens im Bereich der Verbindungsflache mit einer Schutzschicht zur Vermeidung von Oxidation versehen. Hierfür eignet sich insbesondere eine metallische Schutzschicht, wie z.B. eine Nickel- oder Goldschicht, deren Schichtdicke bevorzugt im Bereich zwischen 5 - 20 μm liegt.The partial valve blank or the upsetting bulb is expediently provided, at least in the region of the connection surface, with a protective layer to prevent oxidation. For this purpose, in particular a metallic Protective layer, such as a nickel or gold layer, whose layer thickness is preferably in the range between 5 - 20 microns.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorstellbar, dass das Bimetallventil noch lokal begrenzt mit weiteren Metallabschnitten versehen ist, z.B. mit einem Schaftende aus härtbarer martensitischer Eisenbasis oder mit einer Cobaltbasislegierung im Sitzbereich.In the context of the invention, it is conceivable that the bimetallic valve is still locally limited with further metal sections, e.g. with a shank end of hardenable martensitic iron base or with a cobalt-based alloy in the seating area.
Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei betreffen die Fig. 1 bis 8 die Herstellung einer ersten, Fig. 9 bis 11 eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Bimetallventilrohlings .Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this case, FIGS. 1 to 8 relate to the production of a first, Fig. 9 to 11, a second embodiment of a Bimetallventilrohlings.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte zylindrische Schaft 1 aus austenitischem Stahl wie beispielsweise der marktüblichen Zusammensetzung 26CrNiW2010 oder X45CrNiW189 wird in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt durch einseitige Stauchung - unter gleichzeitiger konduktiver Erwärmung - zu dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Teilventilrohling 3 in Form einer Stauchbirne umgeformt, die einen Schaftteil 2 und ein - infolge der Stauchung - demgegenüber im Durchmesser verbreitertes Ende 4 aufweist. Alternativ kann der Teilventilrohling 3 auch durch Gießen in einer entsprechenden Gussform hergestellt werden. Die stirnseitige und senkrecht auf der Längsachse L des Schaftteils 2 stehende Verbindungsfläche 5 am verbreiterten Ende 4 des Teilventilrohlings 3 wird in einem nächsten Verfahrensschritt mit einer ca. 10 μm dünnen metallischen Schutzschicht 6 aus Gold oder Nickel versehen, die in Fig. 3 mit überzeichneter Dicke dargestellt ist.The illustrated in Fig. 1 cylindrical shaft 1 austenitic steel such as the market composition 26CrNiW2010 or X45CrNiW189 is formed in a first step by one-sided compression - with simultaneous conductive heating - to the part valve blank 3 shown in Fig. 2 in the form of a compression bulb, the a shaft part 2 and a - due to the compression - in contrast widened in diameter end 4. Alternatively, the partial valve blank 3 can also be produced by casting in a corresponding mold. The frontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L of the shaft part 2 standing connection surface 5 at the widened end 4 of the partial valve blank 3 is in a next Process step provided with an approximately 10 micron thin metallic protective layer 6 of gold or nickel, which is shown in Fig. 3 with oversized thickness.
Dann wird der Teilventilrohling 3 gemäß Pfeil A in eine Gussform 7 eingebracht, was in Fig. 4 schematisch gezeigt ist, wobei die mit der Schutzschicht 6 (Fig. 3) bedeckte stirnseitige Verbindungsflache 5 des Teilventilrohlings 3 vor dem Verbundgießen mittels eines ebenfalls nur schematisch dargestellten Ringinduktors 8 auf eine Temperatur von ca. 1000 0C erhitzt wird.Then, the part valve blank 3 is introduced into a mold 7 according to arrow A, which is shown schematically in FIG. 4, wherein the front-side connection surface 5 of the partial valve blank 3 covered with the protective layer 6 (FIG. 3) is likewise shown only schematically before the composite casting Ring inductor 8 is heated to a temperature of about 1000 0 C.
Daran schließt sich, wie in Fig. 5, 5a dargestellt, unmittelbar der Verbundguss des Teilventilrohlings an, wobei durch Füllen der Gussform 7 mit einer schmelzflussigen Nickelbasislegierung ein Angussteil bzw. Ver- bundteil 12 an die Verbindungsflache 5 des Teilventilrohlings 3 erzeugt wird. Der fertige Verbundventilrohling 11 (Fig. 6) besteht damit aus dem Teilventilrohling 3 aus austenitischem Stahl, an welchen sich axial der Verbundteil 12 aus einer Nickelbasisle- gierung anschließt. Der Verbundteil 12 besteht beispielsweise aus unter den Bezeichnungen Nimomic 80a oder In625 im Handel erhaltlichen Superlegierungen .As shown in FIGS. 5, 5 a, the composite casting of the partial valve blank immediately follows, with a sprue part or composite part 12 being produced on the connection surface 5 of the partial valve blank 3 by filling the casting mold 7 with a molten nickel-based alloy. The finished composite valve blank 11 (FIG. 6) thus consists of the partial valve blank 3 made of austenitic steel, to which the composite part 12 made of a nickel-base alloy adjoins axially. The composite part 12 consists for example of superalloys commercially available under the names Nimomic 80a or In625.
Der Verbundventilrohling 11 wird dann in das eine Negativform 13 für den erfindungsgemaßen Bimetallventilrohling darstellende Schmiedegesenk 14 eingebracht (vgl. Fig. 7) und in einem nachfolgenden Schmiedeschritt mittels einer längs der Richtung gemäß Pfeil F, also ko- axial zur Längsachse L des Schaftes wirkenden Kraft, zu dem in Fig. 8 dargestellten, erfindungsgemäßen Bimetallventilrohling 15 umgeformt, welcher nach dem Schmieden noch einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird. Der erfindungsgemäße Bimetallventilrohling besteht somit aus einem Schaft 16 aus austenitischem Stahl und einem Ventilteller 17 aus einer Nickelbasislegierung, wobei der ungefähre Übergangsbereich zwischen der Stahllegierung und der Nickelbasislegierung durch die gestrichelte Linie 18 dargestellt ist. Im (nicht dargestellten) Inneren des Bimetallventilrohlings 15 ergibt sich - anders als dies noch bei dem Verbundventilrohling der Fall war - ein in Folge der Umformung beim Schmieden nicht mehr vollständig ebener Verbindungsbereich zwischen austenitischem Stahl und Nickelbasislegierung. Letztere erstreckt sich vom Ventiltellerboden 19 bis einschließlich den Sitzbereich 20 des Ventiltellers 17.The composite valve blank 11 is then introduced into the forging die 14, which represents a negative mold 13 for the bimetallic valve blank according to the invention (cf., Fig. 7) and in a subsequent forging step by means of a direction along the direction indicated by arrow F, ie force acting axially with respect to the longitudinal axis L of the shank, to which the bimetallic valve blank 15 according to the invention shown in FIG. 8 is formed, which is subjected to a heat treatment after forging. The bimetallic valve blank according to the invention thus consists of a shaft 16 made of austenitic steel and a valve disk 17 made of a nickel-based alloy, the approximate transition region between the steel alloy and the nickel-based alloy being represented by the dashed line 18. In the interior of the bimetallic valve blank 15 (not shown), unlike in the case of the composite valve blank, a connection region between austenitic steel and nickel-based alloy which is no longer completely flat as a result of forming during forging results. The latter extends from the valve disc bottom 19 up to and including the seating area 20 of the valve disc 17.
Eine zweite Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens ist - teilweise - in den Fig. 9 bis 11 veranschaulicht.A second embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention is - partially - in Figs. 9 to 11 illustrated.
Gemäß Fig. 9 wird zunächst ein nur aus austenitischem Stahl bestehender Teilventilrohling 21 mittels Schmieden in einem Gesenk 22 oder durch Gießen in einer (nicht gezeigten) Gussform hergestellt. Anschließend wird dieser Teilventilrohling 21 im Bereich des Ventiltellers 23 bis zu einer Drehkante 24, wie in Fig. 10 dargestellt, abgedreht. In Fig. 11 ist diese Drehkante 24 genauer dargestellt; sie begrenzt einen an den Ventilsitz und den Ventiltellerboden angrenzenden Bereich des Teilventilrohlings 21 unter Bildung einer Angussfläche 25 für den folgenden Verbundguss. Die Angussfläche 25 kann ggf. mit einer - nicht dargestellten - metallischen Schutzschicht versehen sein. Es ergibt sich der in Fig. 11 dargestellte Teilventilrohling 21, der in einer Gussform 27 im Bereich des Ventiltellers mit einer Nickelbasislegierung 28 (schraffiert dargestellt) unter Ausbildung eines Verbundventilrohlings 26 umgössen wird. Anschließend wird dieser zur Bildung des erfindungsgemäßen Bimetallventilrohlings fertig geschmiedet und einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen. Referring to Fig. 9, first, a part-valve blank 21 made of only austenitic steel is produced by forging in a die 22 or by casting in a mold (not shown). Subsequently, this partial valve blank 21 is turned off in the region of the valve disk 23 up to a rotational edge 24, as shown in FIG. In Fig. 11, this rotation edge 24 shown in more detail; it limits a region of the partial valve blank 21 adjacent to the valve seat and the valve plate bottom, forming a sprue surface 25 for the following composite casting. The sprue surface 25 may optionally be provided with a - not shown - metallic protective layer. This results in the part valve blank 21 shown in FIG. 11, which is surrounded in a mold 27 in the region of the valve disk with a nickel-based alloy 28 (shown hatched) to form a composite valve blank 26. Subsequently, this is ready forged to form the Bimetallventilrohlings invention and subjected to a heat treatment.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09777354A EP2310164A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-07-22 | Method for producing a bimetal valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008037747.3 | 2008-08-14 | ||
| DE102008037747A DE102008037747A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2008-08-14 | bimetal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010017879A1 true WO2010017879A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
Family
ID=41132875
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/005307 Ceased WO2010017879A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-07-22 | Method for producing a bimetal valve |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2310164A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102008037747A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010017879A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012107915A1 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Method for producing a friction-welded metal part and friction-welded metal part produced according to said method |
| CN102886643A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-23 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing sliding fork for automobile |
| DE102012101389A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Martinrea Honsel Germany Gmbh | Manufacturing composite component from metallic material, comprises casting a second metallic part on a first metallic part to form a contact zone, and drawing a weld seam along the contact zone |
| US8980439B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2015-03-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Bimetallic forging and method |
| CN104858364A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 海安铸鑫金属制品有限公司 | Method for manufacturing sand coated shell type bronze composite casting valve plate |
| US20190101569A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Intel Corporation | Probes for wafer sorting |
| CN114102060A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-01 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Machining method for valve blank before welding |
| DE102021106647A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Armored poppet valve and method for its manufacture |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011056480A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Method for producing a formed metallic workpiece with armor |
| DE102016122514B4 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-06-27 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Fire-sealed internally cooled valve and valve manufactured thereby |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8980439B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2015-03-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Bimetallic forging and method |
| WO2012107915A1 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Method for producing a friction-welded metal part and friction-welded metal part produced according to said method |
| DE102012101389A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Martinrea Honsel Germany Gmbh | Manufacturing composite component from metallic material, comprises casting a second metallic part on a first metallic part to form a contact zone, and drawing a weld seam along the contact zone |
| CN102886643A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-23 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing sliding fork for automobile |
| CN104858364A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 海安铸鑫金属制品有限公司 | Method for manufacturing sand coated shell type bronze composite casting valve plate |
| US20190101569A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Intel Corporation | Probes for wafer sorting |
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| CN114102060B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-08-22 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Processing method for valve blank before welding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102008037747A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| EP2310164A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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