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WO2010017534A2 - Procédé et système de combustion de gaz combustible, et brûleur à utiliser dans celui-ci - Google Patents

Procédé et système de combustion de gaz combustible, et brûleur à utiliser dans celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010017534A2
WO2010017534A2 PCT/US2009/053233 US2009053233W WO2010017534A2 WO 2010017534 A2 WO2010017534 A2 WO 2010017534A2 US 2009053233 W US2009053233 W US 2009053233W WO 2010017534 A2 WO2010017534 A2 WO 2010017534A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel gas
burner
oxidizer
injector
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/053233
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010017534A3 (fr
Inventor
William H. Davis
Irving B. Morrow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZE-GEN Inc
Ze Gen Inc
Original Assignee
ZE-GEN Inc
Ze Gen Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZE-GEN Inc, Ze Gen Inc filed Critical ZE-GEN Inc
Publication of WO2010017534A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010017534A2/fr
Publication of WO2010017534A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010017534A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99011—Combustion process using synthetic gas as a fuel, i.e. a mixture of CO and H2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/21—Burners specially adapted for a particular use
    • F23D2900/21003—Burners specially adapted for a particular use for heating or re-burning air or gas in a duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2400/00—Pretreatment and supply of gaseous fuel
    • F23K2400/10—Pretreatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to enhancing the efficiency of conventional boilers or steam generators using a non-cooled, non-pressurized fuel gas.
  • the products generated in high temperature gasification of hydrocarbon materials give high concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, small quantities of sulfide, fluoride and chloride- bearing compounds, as well as some particulate.
  • To utilize this gas in high efficiency cycles typically it is cleaned of particulate, acid and condensable gases to a very high efficiency, pressurized, and then supplied to a conventional burner.
  • Brief Summary Power cycle generation equipment is operated in a more efficient and economical manner by using an uncooled (and potentially uncleaned) fuel gas supplied to the equipment directly from a gasification process, i.e., without first quenching or pressurizing the gas.
  • a burner used in conjunction with the power cycle generation equipment accepts such fuel gas directly from a syngas generator (or perhaps after particulate removal).
  • the burner preferably operates with fuel gas and oxidizer inputs reversed as compared to existing configuration.
  • the burner operates with a syngas gas composition, such as 50/50 mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, at a fuel gas temperature in excess of 1500 0 F.
  • the syngas may be provided from a liquid metal gasifier, although this is not a limitation.
  • the energy content of the fuel gas, excluding heat preferably ranges from 200-500 BTU's/cubic foot.
  • the oxidizer air or oxygen
  • an induced draft fan may be used to draw the fuel gas into the burner.
  • the burner may be implemented as an add-on to existing power cycle generation equipment such as a boiler, a kiln, or a steam generator; alternatively, the burner is built into such equipment anew.
  • the burner comprises a set of injectors, with each injector or injectors supporting at one end one or more flame holder wings.
  • Each flame holder wing includes a set of apertures.
  • the uncooled, uncleaned fuel gas passes through the apertures in the flame holder wing where it is mixed with an oxidizer (air or oxygen) that is supplied to the burner under pressure and exits one or more openings in each injector.
  • the fuel may auto- ignite, or a separate pilot burner may be used for initial ignition.
  • the flame holder wings create a recirculation zone adjacent the injectors.
  • the oxidizer is the primary stream and the cooled and pressurized fuel gas is provided through the injectors
  • the preferred approach here is to invert these inputs to the burner and without any requirement that the fuel gas been cooled or pressurized before being combusted.
  • Figure 1 is a process flow diagram illustrating a method of energy generation according to this disclosure
  • Figure 2 illustrates plan and elevation views of a first embodiment of a burner for use in the energy generation method
  • Figure 3 illustrates an elevation view of a second embodiment of the burner
  • Figure 4 illustrates a preferred construction of a burner injector and the associated flame holder wings
  • Figure 5 is a process flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of the gasification stages of a continuous C&D processing facility that produces fuel gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a basic process flow diagram illustrating how the burner is used as an add-on (or adjunct) to an existing boiler or steam generator.
  • the fuel gas is provided to the burner from a molten metal gasification unit (or "gasifier"), although this is not a limitation as the fuel gas source may be quite varied.
  • the syngas generated in the gasifier 100 e.g., a molten iron bath
  • entrains iron oxide particulate which is very abrasive and preferably is removed close to the source.
  • a preferred method of removing this particulate is by means of a conventional cyclone 102 (or a dust collector, an electrostatic precipitator, or the like) designed to resist abrasion.
  • the cyclone typically does not provide fine cleaning of the particulates.
  • the burner 104 uses the syngas in a non-traditional oxidizer design.
  • the syngas is delivered to the burner by the boiler or heat generator-induced fan 106, while an oxidizer (air or oxygen) is delivered to a flame holder burner under pressure.
  • the burner may receive a primary oxidizer, and a secondary oxidizer, although the latter is not strictly necessary.
  • the primary oxidizer injection system is designed to minimize NO x generation, while the secondary oxidizer injection is designed to produce complete combustion.
  • the secondary oxidizer injection system can be multiple sequential injection points.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates plan and elevation views of an embodiment of a burner 200 of this disclosure.
  • the hot and dirty fuel gas e.g., syngas
  • the refractory is designed to operate at temperatures to 3000 0 F with hydrogen concentrations up to 50% by volume.
  • the burner is designed to operate with fuels being introduced from negative to positive pressures (3 atmospheres).
  • the flame holder-oxidizer injector 204 is constructed of high temperature alloys. Air or oxygen is injected at less than stochiometric amounts in the burner to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the injector 204 comprises a set of individual free-standing injectors 206, with each injector 206 supporting at one end one or more flame holder wings 208.
  • a preferred construction for each injector is illustrated in Figure 4, described below.
  • secondary oxidizer injection is injected downstream of the primary oxidizer injector and may have water added.
  • the oxidizer injectors typically operate at pressures 1-2 atmospheres above the fuel gas pressure. In one embodiment, there are different injection pressures for the oxidizer, although this is not a requirement.
  • the burner injector comprises flame holder "wings" that are perforated metal especially designed to minimize thermal stresses in their attachment to the main oxidizer header.
  • a preferred construction is illustrated in Figure 4, which shows the wings with the paths for syngas and oxidizer.
  • the burner or inlet ducting may have a natural gas feed header that augments the BTU content of the syngas or that is otherwise capable of operating the burner at its rated value even without syngas.
  • the burner illustrated above may be retrofitted to existing boilers, kilns or other such equipment, or it may be built into such equipment originally.
  • the burner may be used with any fuel gas source, such as syngas, and it is preferred that the fuel gas be provided to the burner directly as opposed to being first cooled, pressurized and/or cleaned.
  • the fuel gas is a "hot” (uncooled) and/or "dirty" (uncleaned) fuel source that is drawn through the burner, preferably using an induced draft fan, while the oxidizer is provided to the burner under pressure.
  • the burner inputs are inverted, and it has been found that this structural and process arrangement provides energy efficiencies and reduced emissions as compared to the prior art.
  • the fuel gas is provided by a liquid metal gasifier. It is known in the prior art to provide gasification systems that convert municipal solid waste (MSW) and construction and demolition waste (C&D) into clean energy. As described in U.S. Publication No. 2006/0228294, which is representative, these systems may comprise a refractory, induction furnace that receives the feed material into a molten metal bath, wherein a mix of organic and non-organic material is treated resulting in metal recovery and efficient production of synthesis gas (syngas). The syngas can be used to fuel a combined-cycle generator to provide municipalities with clean, renewable electricity.
  • MSW municipal solid waste
  • C&D construction and demolition waste
  • these systems may comprise a refractory, induction furnace that receives the feed material into a molten metal bath, wherein a mix of organic and non-organic material is treated resulting in metal recovery and efficient production of synthesis gas (syngas).
  • the syngas can be used to fuel a combined-cycle generator to provide municipalities with
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a representative process flow for the gasification process, although this is not a limitation of the described technique.
  • the processing assumes material (as indicated by reference numeral 201) having a moisture content between about 20-50% due to the flotation tank processing. At this point, the material is about 1-250 mm in size.
  • the material is supplied to the fluid bed dryer, which reduces the moisture content to between about 0-10% by weight.
  • the fluid bed dryer is driven by heated air 205, and the output of dryer is supplied to an air pollution control system 207.
  • the dried material is then supplied to a gravimetric weigh feeder at step 209.
  • An auxiliary solid fuel feeding step 210 may be used to supplement the gravimetric weigh feeder if necessary.
  • the output of the gravimetric weigh feeder is supplied to an injection system at step 212, such as a bucket elevator and a series of conveyors (mechanical or pneumatic).
  • the feed is delivered to a multiple piston feed system, as indicated at step 214.
  • a multiple piston feed system supplies the material to a gasifier, such as a molten metal furnace, at step 216.
  • the molten metal bath is located within a refractory-lined vessel.
  • the vessel is not over-pressurized (i.e., operated above ATM pressure); alternatively, the techniques described herein may be carried out in a pressurized vessel.
  • the feed enters the vessel through a top-loaded feed tube, which injects the feed at a given submergence depth below the surface of a molten metal bath having a vitreous slag top layer.
  • Other techniques for introducing the feed into the gasifier may be used as well.
  • the waste material particles Upon entry into the metal bath, the waste material particles are exposed to elevated temperatures in excess of 1550 0 C, and as a consequence the material rapidly disassociates into elemental hydrogen and carbon. Carbon is oxidized to carbon monoxide by the oxygen content in the waste; thus, the primary reaction in the vessel is that the organic compounds in the waste should break down into C, CO and H 2 . The residual carbon dissolves into the bath.
  • This excess carbon is leached out of the bath by secondary O 2 injection, which is indicated by step 218.
  • Gasification products include, for example, synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). Collection of the off-gas is shown at step 220, and step 222 indicates that the slag and excess metal can be removed from the furnace and recovered as well.
  • the burner accepts fuel gases preferably directly from fuel gas generator without a requirement of significant cleaning and pressurization.
  • the burner has the ability to utilize gases with gas compositions, such as 50/50 mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, at fuel gas temperatures in excess of 1500 0 F.
  • the energy content of the fuel gas, excluding sensible heat, preferably ranges from 200-500 BTU's/cubic foot.
  • Existing combustion systems would require cooling, cleaning and compressing of the fuel gas and injecting into the combustor under pressure.
  • the oxidizer (air or oxygen) source would normally be at very low pressures.
  • a preferred combustor accepts fuel gases directly from the syngas generation process without significant cleaning and pressurization.
  • the oxidizer air or oxygen
  • the oxidizer is pressurized from 0.1-5 atmospheres.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Equipement de génération de cycle d'énergie commandé d'une façon plus efficace et plus économique en utilisant un gaz combustible non refroidi (et potentiellement non épuré) qui est fourni à l'équipement directement à partir d'un procédé de gazéification, c'est-à-dire sans d'abord refroidir ou pressuriser le gaz. Dans un mode de réalisation, un brûleur utilisé en conjonction avec l'équipement de génération de cycle d'énergie accepte un gaz combustible de ce type directement en provenance d'un générateur de gaz de synthèse (ou éventuellement après élimination des particules). Le brûleur fonctionne de préférence avec des entrées de gaz combustible et d'oxydant qui sont inversées comparativement à la configuration existante.
PCT/US2009/053233 2008-08-08 2009-08-08 Procédé et système de combustion de gaz combustible, et brûleur à utiliser dans celui-ci Ceased WO2010017534A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/188,857 2008-08-08
US12/188,857 US20100035193A1 (en) 2008-08-08 2008-08-08 Method and system for fuel gas combustion, and burner for use therein

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010017534A2 true WO2010017534A2 (fr) 2010-02-11
WO2010017534A3 WO2010017534A3 (fr) 2010-06-10

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Country Link
US (1) US20100035193A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010017534A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN108954302A (zh) * 2017-03-30 2018-12-07 付笔贤 一种燃烧装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100035193A1 (en) 2010-02-11
WO2010017534A3 (fr) 2010-06-10

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