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WO2010095025A2 - Gazogène à haut rendement comportant un modèle amélioré de chambre de combustion et un dispositif mélangeur - Google Patents

Gazogène à haut rendement comportant un modèle amélioré de chambre de combustion et un dispositif mélangeur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010095025A2
WO2010095025A2 PCT/IB2010/000328 IB2010000328W WO2010095025A2 WO 2010095025 A2 WO2010095025 A2 WO 2010095025A2 IB 2010000328 W IB2010000328 W IB 2010000328W WO 2010095025 A2 WO2010095025 A2 WO 2010095025A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biomass
fixed bed
fed
bed gasifier
gasifier according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2010/000328
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010095025A3 (fr
Inventor
Giovanni Maria Galanto
Giuseppe Starace
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SOCOGES Srl
Original Assignee
SOCOGES Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SOCOGES Srl filed Critical SOCOGES Srl
Publication of WO2010095025A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010095025A2/fr
Publication of WO2010095025A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010095025A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a gasifier for gasification of biomasses, provided with an improved combustion chamber in order to obtain a final product made up of poor gas, which after suitable treatments, can be fed to an internal combustion engine.
  • biomass means everything having an organic matrix principally deriving from green plants, as for example algae, trees and cultivations as well as forest and agricultural residues excluding plastic materials deriving from petrochemical industry as well as traditional fossil fuels (oil, coal) 1 .
  • Biomass represents the most sophisticated form of storage of solar energy, which by means of photosynthesis, allows to turn atmospheric CO 2 in organic substance useful for the growth of the same plant. In it the solar energy, transformed by means of the photosynthesis, is stored in form of chemical bonds between the atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen of the principle molecules (essentially carbohydrates).
  • combustion processes of the biomass as for example digestion, combustion
  • thermochemical processes comprise combustion, pyrolysis and gasification; while the biochemical ones comprise aerobic or anaerobic digestion (with production of biogas) and fermentation (with production of ethanol).
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a gasifier for biomasses, provided with a new combustion chamber; therefore it will be lingered above all over this specific technology of energetic valuation in said thermochemical processes.
  • the simple combustion of biomasses is a very widespread practice used to rapidly convert the chemical energy of the biomass in various "output" as for example heat, mechanical power or electricity.
  • the final output depends on the used typology of device, as for example stoves, furnaces, boilers, steam turbine, turbo-generators etc....
  • the temperatures of the hot gases resulting from the combustion vary between 800 0 C and 1000 0 C, with the possibility to theoretically burn any kind of biomass.
  • the dimensions of the combustion plant of biomasses vary between very small dimensions, as for example for the domestic usage, to great scale industrial plants with power between 100 MW and 3000 MW with yields variable between 20% and 40% 4 .
  • the pyrolisys is instead the process of thermochemical decomposition of organic materials contained in the biomasses, by means of heating at about 500 0 C and strongly lacking oxygen.
  • the products of pyrolisys are gaseous, liquid and solid, in proportions depending on the pyrolisys methods (rapid, slow, conventional) and on the reaction parameters.
  • the pyrolisys is essentially used for the production of bio-oil by using the rapid pyrolisys (or flash pyrolysis) with a conversion yield of about 80%.
  • the gasification is a conversion process of the biomass in a gas mix by means of partial oxidation of the same biomass at high temperatures (800 0 C - 1000 0 C).
  • the poor gas composition resulting from the gasification process depends on the gasifying agent used and on the type of reactor used. According to the application object of the present invention, reference will be made to a gasifying process with air, from which it is obtained a synthesis gas with low calorific power (about 4 - 6 MJ/Nm 3 ) which can be directly burned or constitute the fuel for alternative gas or turbine engines.
  • the synthesis gas produced can be alternatively used as raw material for the production of
  • Aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a biomass- fed fixed bed gasifier with a new combustion chamber, which is neither classified in the category of updraft reactor nor in the downdraft reactor one.
  • the reactors for the biomass gasification belong in fact to two great categories: fixed bed reactors and fluidized bed reactors.
  • the different direction of the flow of gasifying agent (air) with respect to the bed implies mainly two different typologies of reactor: updraft, downdraft.
  • updraft reactor the biomass is loaded at the top of the gasifier, while the gasifying agent (air) is introduced from the bottom of the unit through a grid. While falling down, the biomass is first dried by the hot gases produced which move upwards producing coal, which continues to fall down, and other vapors of pyrolisys which join the hot gases produced.
  • each volatile compound separates from the biomass and a remarkable amount of tar forms, which in part joins the synthesis gas produced in output and in part joins the solid residues. These latter, while forming, fall down to be collected; while in the upper portion of the gasifier, where the biomass is dried, the gases produced are cooled down to temperatures about 200 0 C - 300 0 C 5 .
  • the downdraft reactor is instead characterized by a parallel flow between biomass and gasifying agent: before coming out from the gasifier, the reaction products are mixed in a high temperature turbulent region, known as "diabolo". In such region it is realized the partial cracking of the tar, which limits its excessive production. Because of the high temperature in output of the produced gases (about 900 - 1000 0 C), the total yield in energetic terms of such reactor is quite low; anyway the synthesis gas produced results with low content of dusts and tars. Aim of the present invention is to guarantee the highest yield possible of the gasification process by using an improved combustion chamber as well as of a system for mixing biomass.
  • Fig. 1 is a 3D view of the upper portion of the gasifier with the combustion chamber thereinto;
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the upper portion of the gasifier with some inner details thereof, highlighted;
  • Fig. 3 is a top view of the upper portion of the gasifier;
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the gasifier, as indicated in fig.
  • Fig. 5 is a 3D view of the lower portion of the gasifier, immediately arranged under the upper portion of the gasifier shown in fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 6 is a side view of the lower portion of the gasifier
  • Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of the lower portion of the gasifier as indicated in fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a cross section of the lower portion of the gasifier as indicated in fig. 6;
  • Fig. 9 is a cross section of the upper and lower portions of the gasifier with the mixing organs highlighted;
  • Fig. 10 shows a detail view of the moving organs and a longitudinal section thereof. As a whole the gasifier is made up of an "upper" portion 1 and a
  • the rotating grid 15, which suitably dimensioned for the biomass dimension prevents the same biomass from leaving the yet unburned reaction area, separates the lower portion 2 from the upper one 1.
  • the lower portion 2 is the space where the produced gas is conveyed towards the output pipe; the shape of inverted cone of its bottom allows the the ashes to fall and to be collected for their removing by means of a suitable mechanical system (fig. 5).
  • the upper portion 1 of the gasifier is made up of an outer shell 3 of almost cylindrical shape, an inner section 4 accommodating the reactions of combustion, pyrolisys and gasification (or reaction chamber 9) and a series of air gaps 5, 5' and 5" between the outer surface 3 and the inner surface 4 of the gasifier.
  • the air gaps 5 and 5' are crossed respectively by the gasifying agent, introduced as it will described in the following, and by the synthesis gas in output from the gasifier; while the air gap 5" is filled with a shim of any insulating material resistant to high temperatures (for example glass wool or mineral wool) or at least by a shim of "insulating air” acting as insulating in order to allow the formation of an area to guarantee the optimal conditions of temperatures for the reactions inside the reaction chamber 9.
  • the inner surface of said reaction chamber 9 is inside coated with refractory cement.
  • the outer surface On the outer surface it is provided a plurality of circular openings 6, whose partial occlusion allows the intake of gasifying agent (usually but not exclusively air) to be adjusted during the production of synthesis gas from biomass. Yet, on the outer side surface on the tapered section of the reaction chamber, it is arranged the radial output conduit 7 of gas leading to the plant for treatment and feeding of the produced synthesis gas. As the longitudinal section of the "upper" portion 1 shows in fig.
  • inlet area 8 shaped as a frustum of cone where the biomass is introduced and distributed uniformly by means of suitable mixing organs mounted on suitable support 12; a reaction chamber top-down characterized by sections which firstly decrease in a linear way 8 till the tapered section, then increase in a non-linear way 9 (barrel shaped), and finally increase linearly; and finally an output section 10, shaped as a frustum of cone as well, partially overlapping on the "lower" portion 2 at the grid and at the area where the movement of the synthesis gas inverts.
  • the side feeding of the air flow inside the combustion chamber 9 occurs by means of suitable conduits 11 going radially (with or without inclination) from the combustion chamber 9 to the outermost preheating air gap 5 and the inlet gates 6.
  • the air adjustment occurs by means of these inlet gates 6, whose section is suitably reduced in function of the load.
  • worm 18 can be made up of a worm 18 with hollow vertical axis 19, electrically put in rotation and able to provide a slow mixing of biomass produced with a slow motion similar to the convective motion of the air generating in the recesses (vertical ascending at the centre and vertical descending at sides) in order to avoid the formation of voids (in jargon "bridges"), where undesired and dangerous synthesis gases accumulate, without significantly altering the correct stratification of the reaction areas. These accumulations cause discontinuity in the gas production and alter a fixed running of the gasifier with remarkable yield losses.
  • the worm has a maximum diameter compatible with the absence of interference with the tapered section of the reaction chamber and with the easy mixing of biomass which has not to be opposed to the rotating movement.
  • the propeller of the worm 18 can be provided with radial extensions to reach distances considered optimal to the aims of the slow mixing of biomass.
  • the "upper” portion 1 is as much as possible closed by means of a cover during operation to avoid air in excess in the combustion area.
  • Figure 5 shows, instead, a tridimensional representation of the "lower” portion 2 of the gasifier, arranged immediately under the "upper” one, just described. As it is shown by the view in fig. 6, said "upper portion” 2 is made up of a first cylindrically shaped section 13 and a final section 14 shaped as an inverted frustum of cone, where the ashes are collected as byproduct of the entire gasification process.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 show that inside the cylindrical section 13 it is provided a circular platform 15 rotating by means of a gear 16, on which a plurality of holed grids (according to the dimension of the biomass to be treated) 17 is arranged for the selective passage of the waste material already consumed by the reactions of pyrolisys and gasification.
  • the fluidized bed gasifiers for biomasses are surely more efficient in terms of total yield, but they are more expensive both in terms of initial costs and maintenance cost with respect to the fixed bed gasifiers. These latter remain the most convenient option for the production of synthesis gas with low calorific power to be used in plants for the generation of energy on small scale.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un gazogène prévu pour la gazéification de biomasses et comprenant une chambre de combustion (9) et un système (19) servant à mélanger la même biomasse. La chambre de combustion (9) et le système mélangeur (19) ont été l'un et l'autre améliorés de façon à donner un produit final fait d'un gaz pauvre qui, après des traitements appropriés, peut être utilisé pour alimenter un moteur à combustion interne. Ce gazogène est constitué d'une partie supérieure (1) et d'une partie inférieure (2) montées l'une sur l'autre. La partie supérieure (1) permet d'effectuer des traitements de combustion, de pyrolyse et de gazéification de la biomasse. La partie inférieure (2) permet d'entraîner le gaz produit vers le conduit de sortie et de recueillir les cendres grâce à un système mécanique approprié.
PCT/IB2010/000328 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Gazogène à haut rendement comportant un modèle amélioré de chambre de combustion et un dispositif mélangeur Ceased WO2010095025A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO2009A000125 2009-02-20
IT000125A ITTO20090125A1 (it) 2009-02-20 2009-02-20 Gassificatore dotato di camera di combustione perfezionata

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010095025A2 true WO2010095025A2 (fr) 2010-08-26
WO2010095025A3 WO2010095025A3 (fr) 2011-01-06

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2010/000328 Ceased WO2010095025A2 (fr) 2009-02-20 2010-02-19 Gazogène à haut rendement comportant un modèle amélioré de chambre de combustion et un dispositif mélangeur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) ITTO20090125A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010095025A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016178175A1 (fr) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Syn-Gas Societa' A Responsabilita' Limitata Semplificata Réacteur pour installations de gazéification
EP2948658A4 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2017-02-08 PHG Energy, LLC Procédé et dispositif pour gazéifier une charge d'alimentation
WO2021195566A1 (fr) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-30 Inentec Inc. Production d'hydrogène et séquestration de carbone par craquage d'hydrocarbures dans un lit chauffé et fluidisé

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2948658A4 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2017-02-08 PHG Energy, LLC Procédé et dispositif pour gazéifier une charge d'alimentation
JP2017186565A (ja) * 2013-01-28 2017-10-12 ピーエイチジー エナジー， エルエルシー 供給原料をガス化するための方法およびデバイス
WO2016178175A1 (fr) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Syn-Gas Societa' A Responsabilita' Limitata Semplificata Réacteur pour installations de gazéification
WO2021195566A1 (fr) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-30 Inentec Inc. Production d'hydrogène et séquestration de carbone par craquage d'hydrocarbures dans un lit chauffé et fluidisé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITTO20090125A1 (it) 2010-08-21
WO2010095025A3 (fr) 2011-01-06

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