WO2010092863A1 - ニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット及びニッケルシリサイド膜 - Google Patents
ニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット及びニッケルシリサイド膜 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
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- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L21/28518—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table the conductive layers comprising silicides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/28008—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
- H01L21/28017—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon
- H01L21/28026—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor
- H01L21/28097—Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon characterised by the conductor the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a metallic silicide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/285—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation
- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
- H01L21/28512—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L21/2855—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table by physical means, e.g. sputtering, evaporation
Definitions
- the present invention is capable of forming a thermally stable nickel silicide (NiSi) film and has good plastic workability on the target, and is particularly useful for the production of a gate electrode material (thin film). And a nickel silicide film formed by the target.
- NiSi nickel silicide
- NiSi film has attracted attention as a gate electrode material.
- Nickel has a feature that a silicide film can be formed with less silicon consumption by the salicide process than cobalt.
- NiSi is characterized in that it is unlikely to cause an increase in the fine wire resistance due to the miniaturization of the wiring, like the cobalt silicide film.
- the phase transition to NiSi 2 which is a more stable phase is easy, the interface roughness is deteriorated and the resistance is increased.
- film aggregation and excessive silicidation are likely to occur.
- a metal compound film such as TiN is capped and annealed on a Ni or Co film, thereby forming an insulating film by reacting with oxygen during the formation of the silicide film.
- a metal compound film such as TiN is capped and annealed on a Ni or Co film, thereby forming an insulating film by reacting with oxygen during the formation of the silicide film.
- TiN is used to prevent oxygen and Ni from reacting to form an uneven insulating film. If the unevenness is small, the distance to the junction between the NiSi film and the source / drain diffusion layer becomes long, so that junction leakage can be suppressed.
- TiC Other cap film, TiW, TiB, WB 2, WC, BN, AlN, Mg 3 N 2, CaN, Ge 3 N 4, TaN, TbNi 2, VB 2, VC, ZrN, etc. ZrB is shown (See Patent Document 1).
- NiSi is very easily oxidized even in a silicide material, and there is a problem that unevenness is formed largely in the interface region between the NiSi film and the Si substrate, resulting in junction leakage.
- a proposal has been made that the surface of the NiSi film is nitrided by sputtering a TiN film as a cap film on the Ni film and heat-treating it. This is intended to prevent NiSi from being oxidized and suppress the formation of irregularities.
- the nitride film on NiSi formed by depositing TiN on Ni is thin, there is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the barrier property for a long time.
- the conventional high-purity nickel is about 4N excluding gas components, and oxygen is as high as about 100 ppm.
- the present inventors have developed a sputtering target material in which titanium or platinum is added to nickel as a particularly excellent material, and to NiSi 2 which is a stable phase.
- the proposal which suppresses a phase transition was performed (refer patent document 5 and patent document 6).
- nickel alloys with platinum were the most effective and were very useful at the time of this proposal, but recently, with the reduction in wiring width, an increase in process temperature is unavoidable and even higher. Thermal stability at has been demanded.
- NiSi thermally stable silicide
- the target of the present invention is to purify crude Ni (about 4N) by electrolytic purification, remove metal impurity components, and further refine it by EB melting to obtain a high-purity nickel ingot.
- a high purity nickel alloy ingot is produced.
- a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible is suitable.
- This alloy ingot is formed into a plate shape by a process such as forging and rolling, and finally heat-treated at a recrystallization temperature (about 500 ° C.) to 950 ° C. to produce a target.
- the amount of platinum (Pt) added is 22 to 46 wt%, more preferably 27 to 37 wt%. If the amount of platinum added is too small, the thermal stability of the nickel alloy layer is not improved. If the amount added is too large, the film resistance becomes too large, which is not suitable, and there is a problem that the amount of intermetallic compounds increases, making plastic processing difficult, and increasing the number of particles during sputtering. Furthermore, the present invention contains 5 to 100 wtppm of one or more components selected from iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), and ruthenium (Ru). These additive elements exist in a solid solution state in Ni.
- the phase change from NiSi to NiSi 2 in the salicide process can be effectively suppressed as compared with the case of simply adding Pt. Since impurities may be mixed with the above additives, it is desirable to use high purity products of 3N level or higher for the iridium, palladium, and ruthenium additives.
- sputtering was performed on a Si substrate using the platinum-added nickel alloy of the present invention, this sputtered film was heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the crystal structure change temperature was measured by the XRD diffraction method.
- the addition of 5 to 100 wtppm of 46 wt% and one or more components selected from iridium, palladium, and ruthenium improved the phase change temperature of 50 to 100 ° C, confirming clear thermal stability. That is, when a nickel silicide film is formed by the salicide process, a phase change temperature from NiSi to NiSi 2 of 750 ° C. or higher is achieved, and further, a phase change temperature from NiSi to NiSi 2 may be 800 ° C. or higher. It has become possible.
- the inevitable impurities excluding gas components be 100 wtppm or less. More preferably, the inevitable impurities excluding gas components are 10 wtppm or less. Further, since gas components also increase the generation of particles, it is desirable that oxygen is 50 wtppm or less, more preferably 10 wtppm or less, and nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are each 10 wtppm or less.
- the initial permeability of the target is 50 or more (preferably about 100), and the maximum permeability is 100 or more.
- a final heat treatment is performed at a recrystallization temperature or higher (about 500 ° C.) to 950 ° C. to obtain a substantial recrystallization structure. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 500 ° C, a sufficient recrystallized structure cannot be obtained. Further, there is no improvement in the magnetic permeability and the maximum magnetic permeability.
- the presence of some unrecrystallized material does not affect the properties, but a large amount is not preferable.
- the average crystal grain size of the target is desirably 80 ⁇ m or less.
- a final heat treatment exceeding 950 ° C. is not preferable because the average crystal grain size is coarsened. As the average crystal grain size becomes coarse, the variation in crystal grain size increases, resulting in a decrease in uniformity.
- Example 1 Crude Ni (about 4N) is removed by electrorefining to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high-purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%), which has a purity as high as that of this ingot. Purity platinum 8at% and high purity iridium 2wtppm, high purity ruthenium 2wtppm, high purity palladium 1wtppm were added, and these were vacuum-dissolved to prepare a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 5 wtppm. For the vacuum melting of this material, a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. The plastic workability to the target was good and there was no particular problem.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. was improved as compared with the case of mere platinum addition, and clear thermal stability could be confirmed.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- Example 1 high purity iridium 2 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 2 wtppm, high purity palladium 1 wtppm, and 3 subcomponents of 5 wtppm in total were added, but these subcomponents were added alone as a single component. In this case, even when two subcomponents were combined, the same result was obtained as long as 5 wtppm was added in total.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, high purity platinum 22 wt% and high purity iridium 5 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 5 wtppm, and high purity palladium 5 wtppm having the same purity as this ingot were added, and these were vacuum-dissolved to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 15 wtppm. For the vacuum melting of this material, a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. The plastic workability to the target was good and there was no particular problem.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. was improved and clear thermal stability could be confirmed, as in Example 1, compared with the case of simple platinum addition.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 high purity iridium 5 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 5 wtppm, high purity palladium 5 wtppm, and three subcomponents of 15 wtppm in total were added, but these subcomponents were added alone as one component. In this case, even when two subcomponents were combined, the same result was obtained as long as 15 wtppm in total was added.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, high purity platinum 27 wt% and high purity iridium 8 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 8 wtppm, and high purity palladium 9 wtppm having the same purity as this ingot were added, and these were vacuum-dissolved to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 25 wtppm. For the vacuum melting of this material, a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. The plastic workability to the target was good and there was no particular problem.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. was improved and clear thermal stability could be confirmed, as in Example 1, compared with the case of simple platinum addition.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 high purity iridium 8 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 8 wtppm, high purity palladium 9 wtppm, and three subcomponents of 25 wtppm in total were added, but these subcomponents were added alone as one component. In this case, even when two subcomponents were combined, the same result was obtained as long as 25 wtppm in total was added.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, high purity platinum 46 wt% and high purity iridium 20 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 20 wtppm, and high purity palladium 10 wtppm having the same degree of purity as this ingot were added, and these were melted in vacuo to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 50 wtppm. For the vacuum melting of this material, a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. Although the plastic workability to the target was slightly inferior to the previous examples, the work was possible.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. was improved and clear thermal stability could be confirmed, as in Example 1, compared with the case of simple platinum addition.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- Example 4 high purity iridium 20 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 20 wtppm, high purity palladium 10 wtppm, and three subcomponents of 50 wtppm in total were added, but these subcomponents were added alone as one component. In this case, even when two subcomponents were combined, the same result was obtained as long as 50 wtppm in total was added.
- Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, high purity platinum 46 wt% and high purity iridium 40 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 40 wtppm, and high purity palladium 20 wtppm with the same purity as this ingot were added, and these were vacuum melted to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 100 wtppm. For the vacuum melting of this material, a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. Although there was some difficulty in plastic workability to the target, processing was possible.
- Example 4 no increase in sheet resistance is observed at 800 ° C. or lower. Furthermore, even with heating at 850 ° C., there was only a slight increase in sheet resistance. The fact that the sheet resistance does not increase even when heated to this high temperature means that no phase change from NiSi to NiSi 2 occurs.
- Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, platinum was not added, but high purity iridium 0.3 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 0.3 wtppm, and high purity palladium 0.2 wtppm were added, and these were vacuum-dissolved to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium and palladium is 0.8 wtppm. For the vacuum melting of this material, a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. The plastic workability to the target was good and there was no particular problem.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature rapidly increased and the thermal stability significantly decreased.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- the addition amount of platinum and the addition amounts of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium do not satisfy the conditions of the present invention.
- a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used.
- the plastic workability to the target was good and there was no particular problem.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature rapidly increased and the thermal stability significantly decreased.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- the sheet resistance value once decreased at 550 ° C. and 600 ° C., but it was confirmed that the increase was remarkable at 650 ° C. or more.
- the large increase in sheet resistance means that a phase change from NiSi to NiSi 2 occurred.
- Comparative Example 2 in addition to platinum 15 wt%, high purity iridium 1 wtppm, high purity ruthenium 1 wtppm, high purity palladium 1 wtppm, and 3 subcomponents of 3 components in total amount were added. Even when one component was added alone, or when each subcomponent was combined in two components, the same bad results were obtained as long as 3 wtppm was added in total.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, 20 wt% of platinum was added, 10 wtppm of high purity iridium, 10 wtppm of high purity ruthenium, and 10 wtppm of high purity palladium were added, and these were vacuum-dissolved to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 30 wtppm. The amount of platinum added is less than 8 at% of the present invention and does not satisfy the conditions of the present invention.
- An alloy ingot obtained by melting and casting was formed into a plate shape by a forging and rolling process, and finally heat treated at 500 to 950 ° C. to prepare a target.
- the nickel alloy target thus obtained was sputtered onto a silicon substrate, and this sputtered film was further heated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the change temperature of the sheet resistance value was measured.
- the phase change temperature increased rapidly and the thermal stability decreased.
- the result of measuring the sheet resistance of this nickel alloy film is shown in FIG.
- the sheet resistance value increased when the temperature exceeded 700 ° C., and the increase was remarkable at 750 ° C. or higher.
- the large increase in sheet resistance means that a phase change from NiSi to NiSi 2 occurred at this temperature.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, crude Ni (about 4N) was electrolytically purified to remove metal impurity components, and further purified by EB dissolution to obtain a high purity nickel ingot (99.999 wt%). Next, 27 wt% of platinum was added, and further 1 wtppm of high purity iridium, 1 wtppm of high purity ruthenium, and 2 wtppm of high purity palladium were added, and these were vacuum-dissolved to produce a high purity nickel alloy ingot. In this case, the total amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium is 4 wtppm.
- the addition amount of platinum is 22 wt% or more of the present invention, the conditions of the present invention are satisfied.
- the addition amount of iridium, ruthenium, and palladium does not satisfy 5 wtppm which is the condition of the present invention.
- a cold crucible melting method using a water-cooled copper crucible was used. The plastic workability to the target was good and there was no particular problem.
- a nickel alloy sputtering target in which 5 to 100 wtppm of one or more components selected from 8 to 20 at% platinum, iridium, palladium, and ruthenium is added to nickel forms a thermally stable silicide (NiSi) film.
- the gate electrode is less susceptible to film agglomeration and excessive silicidation, and the generation of sputtered film is less likely to generate particles, has good uniformity, and has excellent plastic workability to the target.
- a nickel alloy sputtering target useful for producing a material (thin film) can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
このようなことから、ゲート電極材料として高価なコバルトに替えてニッケルを使用することが考えられる。しかし、NiSiの場合は、より安定相であるNiSi2へ相転移し易く、界面ラフネスの悪化と高抵抗化する問題がある。また、膜の凝集や過剰なシリサイド化が起り易いという問題もある。
凹凸が小さいとNiSi膜とソース/ドレイン拡散層の接合までの距離が長くなるので、接合リークを抑制できるとされている。他にキャップ膜としてはTiC、TiW、TiB、WB2、WC、BN、AlN、Mg3N2、CaN、Ge3N4、TaN、TbNi2、VB2、VC、ZrN、ZrBなどが示されている(特許文献1参照)。
この場合、Ni膜上にキャップ膜としてTiN膜をスパッタし、かつこれを熱処理することによりNiSi膜の表面を窒化させる提案がなされている。これによってNiSiが酸化されるのを防ぎ、凹凸の形成を抑制することを目的としている。しかし、TiNをNi上に堆積して形成したNiSi上の窒化膜は薄いため、バリア性を長時間保つことは難しいという問題がある。
この場合、窒素ガスを含まないアルゴンガスのみでNiをスパッタし、続いてTiNのキャップ膜をスパッタした後、NイオンをNi膜中にイオン注入することによってNi膜中にNを添加してもよいということが示されている(特許文献2参照)。
コバルトは、チタンに比べてシリコン酸化膜を還元させる能力が低く、コバルトを堆積する際にシリコン基板やポリシリコン膜表面に存在する自然酸化膜が存在する場合はシリサイド反応が阻害される。さらに耐熱性がチタニウムシリサイド膜より劣り、サリサイドプロセス終了後の層間膜用のシリコン酸化膜の堆積時の熱で、コバルトダイシリサイド(CoSi2)膜が凝集して抵抗が上昇してしまう問題があるということが示されている(特許文献3参照)。
以上の開示されている従来技術については、いずれも成膜プロセスに関するものでありスパッタリングターゲットに関するものではない。また、従来の高純度ニッケルとしては、ガス成分を除いて~4N程度であり酸素は100ppm程度と高いものであった。このような従来のニッケルを基としたニッケル合金ターゲットを作製したところ、塑性加工性が悪く品質の良いターゲットを作製することが出来なかった。またスパッタの際にパーティクルが多く、ユニフォーミティも良くないという問題があった。
この提案の中で、白金を添加したニッケル合金が最も効果的であり、この提案時点では非常に有用であったが、最近では配線幅の縮小と共に、プロセス温度の上昇は避けられず、さらに高温での熱安定性が求められるようになった。
1)白金を22~46wt%、イリジウム、パラジウム、ルテニウムから選択した1成分以上を5~100wtppm含有し、残部がニッケル及び不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とするニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット、を提供する。
2)白金22~46wt%、イリジウム、パラジウム、ルテニウムから選択した1成分以上を5~100wtppm含有し残部がニッケル及び不可避的不純物であるニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてスパッタリングすることにより、シリコン基板上にニッケル合金膜を形成し、このニッケル合金膜とシリコン基板との反応により形成したニッケルシリサイド膜であって、当該ニッケルシリサイド膜のNiSiからNiSi2への相変化温度が750°C以上であることを特徴とするニッケルシリサイド膜
3)NiSiからNiSi2への相変化温度が800°C以上であることを特徴とする上記2)記載のニッケルシリサイド膜、を提供する。
真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法が適している。この合金インゴットを鍛造、圧延などの工程で板状にして、最終的に再結晶温度(約500°C)~950°Cで熱処理することによりターゲットを作製する。
さらに、本願発明は、イリジウム(Ir)、パラジウム(Pd)、ルテニウム(Ru)から選択した1成分以上を5~100wtppm含有させる。これらの添加元素は、Ni中に固溶した状態で存在する。この合金元素の添加により、単にPtを添加する場合に比べて、サリサイドプロセスにおけるNiSiからNiSi2への相変化を効果的に抑制できる。
なお、上記添加剤に随伴して不純物が混入する虞があるので、イリジウム、パラジウム、ルテニウムの添加物については、3Nレベル以上の高純度品を使用するのが望ましい。
すなわち、サリサイドプロセスによるニッケルシリサイド膜を形成した場合、NiSiからNiSi2への相変化温度750°C以上を達成し、さらにはNiSiからNiSi2への相変化温度が800°C以上とすることが可能となった。
また、ガス成分もパーティクル発生を増加させる要因となるので、酸素50wtppm以下、より好ましくは10wtppm以下、窒素、水素及び炭素をそれぞれ10wtppm以下とするのが望ましい。
再結晶温度以上(約500°C)~950°Cで最終熱処理を行い実質的な再結晶組織とする。熱処理温度が500°C未満であると十分な再結晶組織が得られない。また、透磁率及び最大透磁率の向上も無い。
950°Cを超える最終熱処理は、平均結晶粒径を粗大化させるので好ましくない。平均結晶粒径が粗大化すると、結晶粒径のばらつきが大きくなり、ユニフォーミティの低下となる。
粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とし、このインゴットと同程度の純度の高純度白金8at%及び高純度イリジウム2wtppm、高純度ルテニウム2wtppm、高純度パラジウム1wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は5wtppmとなる。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。これによって、単なる白金添加の場合に比較して、150~200°Cの相変化温度が向上し、明らかな熱安定性が確認できた。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、このインゴットと同程度の純度の高純度白金22wt%及び高純度イリジウム5wtppm、高純度ルテニウム5wtppm、高純度パラジウム5wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は15wtppmとなる。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。これによって、単なる白金添加の場合に比較して、実施例1と同様に、150~200°Cの相変化温度が向上し、明らかな熱安定性が確認できた。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、このインゴットと同程度の純度の高純度白金27wt%及び高純度イリジウム8wtppm、高純度ルテニウム8wtppm、高純度パラジウム9wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は25wtppmとなる。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。これによって、単なる白金添加の場合に比較して、実施例1と同様に、150~200°Cの相変化温度が向上し、明らかな熱安定性が確認できた。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、このインゴットと同程度の純度の高純度白金46wt%及び高純度イリジウム20wtppm、高純度ルテニウム20wtppm、高純度パラジウム10wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は50wtppmとなる。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性が、前実施例に比べて少し劣ったが、加工は可能であった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。これによって、単なる白金添加の場合に比較して、実施例1と同様に、150~200°Cの相変化温度が向上し、明らかな熱安定性が確認できた。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、このインゴットと同程度の純度の高純度白金46wt%及び高純度イリジウム40wtppm、高純度ルテニウム40wtppm、高純度パラジウム20wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は100wtppmとなる。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性にやや難しさはあったが、加工は可能であった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。これによって、単なる白金添加の場合に比較して、実施例1と同様に、150~200°Cの相変化温度が向上し、明らかな熱安定性が確認できた。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果については、特に示さないが、前実施例と同様な傾向を示した。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、白金は添加せず、高純度イリジウム0.3wtppm、高純度ルテニウム0.3wtppm、高純度パラジウム0.2wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は0.8wtppmとなる。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。この場合、実施例1に比較して、550°C以上では、相変化温度が急速に増加し、熱安定性が著しく低下した。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、白金を15wt%添加し、さらに高純度イリジウム1wtppm、高純度ルテニウム1wtppm、高純度パラジウム1wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は3wtppmとなる。白金の添加量及びイリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの添加量は、いずれも本願発明の条件を満たしていない。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。この場合、実施例1に比較して、550°C以上では、相変化温度が急速に増加し、熱安定性が著しく低下した。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、白金を20wt%添加し、さらに高純度イリジウム10wtppm、高純度ルテニウム10wtppm、高純度パラジウム10wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は30wtppmとなる。白金の添加量は本発明の8at%よりも少なく、本発明の条件を満たしていない。なお、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの添加量は本願発明の条件を満たしている。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。この場合、実施例1に比較して、750°C以上では、相変化温度が急速に増加し、熱安定性が低下した。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
実施例1と同様に、粗Ni(~4N程度)を電解精製にて、金属不純物成分を除去したのち、EB溶解にてさらに精製して高純度ニッケルインゴット(99.999wt%)とした。
次に、白金を27wt%添加し、さらに高純度イリジウム1wtppm、高純度ルテニウム1wtppm、高純度パラジウム2wtppmを添加し、これらを真空溶解して高純度ニッケル合金インゴットを作製した。なお、この場合、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの総量は4wtppmとなる。白金の添加量は本発明の22wt%以上であるので、本発明の条件を満たしている。なお、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウムの添加量は本願発明の条件である5wtppmを満たしていない。
この材料の真空溶解に際しては、水冷銅製坩堝を用いたコールドクルーシブル溶解法を用いた。ターゲットへの塑性加工性は良好であり、特に問題はなかった。
このようにして得たニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてシリコン基板上にスパッタリングし、さらにこのスパッタ成膜を窒素雰囲気中で加熱し、シート抵抗値の変化温度を測定した。この場合、実施例1に比較して、750°C以上では、相変化温度が急速に増加し、熱安定性が低下した。このニッケル合金膜のシート抵抗を測定した結果を図1に示す。
Claims (3)
- 白金を22~46wt%、イリジウム、パラジウム、ルテニウムから選択した1成分以上を5~100wtppm含有し、残部がニッケル及び不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とするニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- 白金22~46wt%、イリジウム、パラジウム、ルテニウムから選択した1成分以上を5~100wtppm含有し残部がニッケル及び不可避的不純物であるニッケル合金ターゲットを用いてスパッタリングすることにより、シリコン基板上にニッケル合金膜を形成し、このニッケル合金膜とシリコン基板との反応により形成したニッケルシリサイド膜であって、当該ニッケルシリサイド膜のNiSiからNiSi2への相変化温度が750°C以上であることを特徴とするニッケルシリサイド膜。
- NiSiからNiSi2への相変化温度が800°C以上であることを特徴とする請求項2記載のニッケルシリサイド膜。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/003,342 US8114341B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-22 | Nickel alloy sputtering target and nickel silicide film |
| JP2010524003A JP4577800B2 (ja) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-22 | ニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット及びニッケルシリサイド膜 |
| SG2011044948A SG172771A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-22 | Nickel alloy sputtering target and nickel silicide film |
| CN201080002740.9A CN102165094B (zh) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-22 | 镍合金溅射靶及镍硅化物膜 |
| EP10741143.1A EP2290122B1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-22 | Nickel alloy sputtering target. |
| US13/343,881 US20120098131A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2012-01-05 | Nickel Silicide Film |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009028005A JP2009167530A (ja) | 2009-02-10 | 2009-02-10 | ニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット及びニッケルシリサイド膜 |
| JP2009-028005 | 2009-02-10 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/343,881 Continuation US20120098131A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2012-01-05 | Nickel Silicide Film |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2010092863A1 true WO2010092863A1 (ja) | 2010-08-19 |
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| PCT/JP2010/050762 Ceased WO2010092863A1 (ja) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-22 | ニッケル合金スパッタリングターゲット及びニッケルシリサイド膜 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8114341B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2290122B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP2009167530A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102165094B (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG172771A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI458836B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010092863A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102456560A (zh) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-16 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 生成镍合金自对准硅化物的方法 |
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| JP5611574B2 (ja) | 2009-11-30 | 2014-10-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 抵抗変化メモリ及びその製造方法 |
| US8741773B2 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2014-06-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Nickel-silicide formation with differential Pt composition |
| TWI502092B (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2015-10-01 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corp | Nickel alloy sputtering target, Ni alloy film and silicon nitride film |
| US8551193B2 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-10-08 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Nickel alloy target including a secondary metal |
| US9552993B2 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2017-01-24 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
| US10593760B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2020-03-17 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Method for forming trench semiconductor device having Schottky barrier structure |
| CN115537593B (zh) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-05-30 | 沈阳东创贵金属材料有限公司 | 一种铂钌合金靶材及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN102456560B (zh) * | 2010-10-29 | 2014-11-05 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 生成镍合金自对准硅化物的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201031760A (en) | 2010-09-01 |
| SG172771A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
| US8114341B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
| JPWO2010092863A1 (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
| CN102165094B (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
| EP2290122B1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| US20120098131A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
| TWI458836B (zh) | 2014-11-01 |
| JP4577800B2 (ja) | 2010-11-10 |
| EP2290122A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
| US20110135942A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| JP2009167530A (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
| CN102165094A (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
| EP2290122A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
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