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WO2010089077A2 - Gestion dynamique de batterie - Google Patents

Gestion dynamique de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010089077A2
WO2010089077A2 PCT/EP2010/000611 EP2010000611W WO2010089077A2 WO 2010089077 A2 WO2010089077 A2 WO 2010089077A2 EP 2010000611 W EP2010000611 W EP 2010000611W WO 2010089077 A2 WO2010089077 A2 WO 2010089077A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accumulator
charge
virtual
state
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/000611
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010089077A3 (fr
Inventor
Harald Lück
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2010089077A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010089077A2/fr
Publication of WO2010089077A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010089077A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an accumulator comprising at least two accumulator modules, and a method, a computer program product, a mobile electronic device, a vehicle and a wind turbine.
  • DE 10 2006 062 584 A1 describes a drive unit for a vehicle and a method for storing energy.
  • the drive unit comprises a power source, an energy store for storing electrical energy and an electric motor.
  • the drive unit includes a calculation unit which calculates a distance still to be traveled by the vehicle.
  • a charge control controls the charging of the energy store in the form of at least two batteries as a function of the power consumption of the motor, the distance still to be traveled, and the available energy of the energy sources, in particular the energy store and a generator.
  • DE 10 2007 032 210 A1 discloses a method and a device for exchanging accumulators for electric vehicles. Since charging of batteries does not occur at a suitable time depending on a current state of charge of the batteries, but due to a limited available network of charging stations only after a return of a vehicle to its original location, the possible life of the accumulators Charging to not always optimal times based on the state of charge severely limited.
  • the device by means of a Schnellbefesti- device in a predetermined order, preferably fully automated, solved and removed and can be automatically exchanged for batteries in full energy states, an increase in the life is to be achieved.
  • DE 10 2006 040 202 A1 describes an accumulator arrangement which holds individual battery modules within a predetermined temperature range by means of a cooling air received via a receiving housing. Since accumulators, in particular in an electric car, for example for a strong acceleration, must provide high output currents at an indeterminate number of times, temperature differences between individual accumulators integrated in the electric vehicle can lead to excessive charging or to an extended discharge of individual battery areas or partial accumulators lead, which reduces the possible life. Due to the described use of air inlet ducts for cooling individual accumulator modules, a reduction of these temperature differences is achieved, which can result in an increased service life.
  • the battery pack consists of a plurality of serially connected rechargeable batteries in an electric car in which an upper capacity limit, which is lower than the full charge capacity of the battery pack, and a lower capacity limit, which is greater than the capacity at full discharge and a desired Capacity is set in the range between the upper and lower capacity limits. If the calculated capacity is within the range between the upper and lower capacity limits, charging and discharging of the battery pack are allowed. Furthermore, a temperature detection for detecting the temperature of all the rechargeable batteries of the electric car or a temperature of certain blocks of a battery group is described, which can be taken into account for avoiding overcharging or overdischarge of each rechargeable battery in the process.
  • a disadvantage of the devices and methods described is that many for a loading and / or unloading of a battery, in particular a battery consisting of a Variety of accumulator segments or modules or partial accumulators, relevant parameters for achieving optimal life expectancy are not taken into account.
  • no segment-specific information such as, for example, a dependency of charging and / or discharging on the instantaneous individual charge state of each individual battery segment and / or its respective temperature, is taken into account.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by an accumulator is designed such that it can efficiently and gently for life expectancy record and / or release a variety of different currents and / or voltages of variable duration ,
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by at least one switching device for connecting and / or disconnecting at least a first and / or a second accumulator module as a function of required and / or available currents and / or voltages of the accumulator.
  • At least one accumulator module can be connected to at least one measuring device with at least one memory device for detecting and storing at least one parameter, in the storage means of at least one accumulator module a value for the full charge capacity, the full discharge capacity, a first Reference value is lower than the full charge capacity and / or a second reference value stored as the full charge capacity and the measuring device is in operative connection with the switching device.
  • At least the first accumulator module and the second accumulator module can be connected as a series and / or parallel connection by means of the switching device and form a virtual accumulator which can be externally contacted.
  • At least one accumulator module can be physically removed, added and / or replaced independently of the further accumulator modules.
  • the invention provides a method for operating a switching device of a rechargeable battery, in particular a rechargeable battery according to one of the preceding claims, by means of which at least two accumulator modules are interconnected, wherein the supply and / or activation of individual accumulator modules depending on required and / or available currents and / or voltages of the accumulator takes place.
  • a selection of accumulator modules required for forming virtual accumulators takes place as a function of at least one module-specific first parameter, wherein the at least one first parameter is a state of charge, a capacitance, a voltage, an age and / or a temperature can act.
  • a second parameter in particular the last charge state change, is stored in the storage means and a selection of required accumulator modules for forming at least one virtual accumulator in dependence of the first and second parameters or second parameter.
  • a state of charge of the accumulator is performed by determining the state of charge of each individual accumulator module and / or each virtual accumulator.
  • a vehicle comprising an accumulator according to the invention.
  • the invention also provides a wind turbine comprising a rechargeable battery according to the invention.
  • the invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that an optimized charging and / or discharging of a rechargeable battery and a simultaneous increase in life expectancy can be achieved via individual control or regulation of charging and / or discharging currents of individual rechargeable battery segments or modules.
  • it has proven particularly advantageous to charge individual accumulator segments or modules separately up to at least one specific first threshold value, reference value or limit value, which is lower than a full charge capacity, and / or up to a second reference value, which is higher than the full discharge capacity to unload.
  • the circuit device makes it possible to use dynamic, adapted to the respective needs series and / or parallel circuits of accumulator modules. This is useful for improved performance, power consumption and / or life expectancy.
  • accumulators are used as a replacement for a stationary power connection or as a buffer or buffer.
  • An available energy for charging the batteries is in most cases not permanently and constantly available, but only in a varying current and / or voltage for intervals of different durations.
  • an accumulator In order to use the available amount of energy for charging accumulators as optimally as possible and thereby to obtain a long service life of the accumulators, dividing an accumulator into at least two segments or modules and segmented charging is helpful. It is provided that instead of a uniform distribution of the available amount of energy to all existing Akkumulatorsegmente, individual accumulator segments are automatically selected and charged until reaching a predetermined reference value. If, after charging an accumulator segment, energy continues to be available for charging up to the determined first reference value, another accumulator segment can be selected and charged. In this case, the accumulator segments are preferably first charged, which are discharged to a certain second reference value, or whose charge state approaches this second reference value as far as possible.
  • the temperature Ren of the individual Akkumulatorsegmente be considered to a time during which a segment is exposed to higher than optimal temperatures considered to keep as short as possible. As a result, a temperature-related influence on the lifetime of the segments can be minimized.
  • available charging currents and / or charging voltages can be distributed dynamically to one or more available segments in accordance with optimum specifications of individual battery segments, in particular as a function of permissible and / or optimum charging currents and / or voltages to make optimal use of the available amount of energy.
  • varying currents and / or voltages can be used optimally without the interposition of current and / or voltage transformers.
  • Dynamic series and / or parallel circuits can be implemented, for example, with known semiconductor relays with low loss and with low reaction times.
  • a multiplicity of accumulator segments or modules to form virtual accumulators.
  • These virtual accumulators have separate external contacts, so that not only a charging current is distributed to individual segments of a first virtual accumulator, but that at the same time a power output by other accumulator segments forming a second virtual accumulator can take place.
  • a multiplicity of virtual accumulators can be formed, which can work in parallel and can independently absorb or deliver energy.
  • a virtual accumulator For optimal utilization of the available amount of energy for charging a virtual accumulator can be provided, depending on the existing charging currents and / or voltages at least two, preferably a plurality of Akkumulatorsegmenten to the virtual accumulator, in particular via semiconductor power relay to interconnect to a plurality of different series and / or parallel circuits. It is also possible to form a multiplicity of virtual accumulators in parallel and / or time offset, which are optimally adapted to the amount of energy available and / or to be delivered. It is obvious that segments of different capacitance and / or voltage can be used to form virtual accumulators.
  • a selection of the accumulator segments required for exploiting the charging currents and voltages to form virtual accumulators can be made such that each accumulator segment of the virtual accumulator is charged with the available amount of energy as far as possible up to its upper first reference value.
  • At least one of the accumulator segments of a virtual accumulator reaches the upper first reference value, it is released from the virtual accumulator and replaced by an adequate accumulator segment, which in turn is charged up to the upper first segment-specific upper threshold value by means of the still available energy quantity can. This enabling and replacing is repeated until all accumulator segments, which can receive charging currents, are charged to their respective first upper accumulator segment-specific limit value or no further amount of energy is available for charging. If a certain amount of energy from the accumulator is required, a virtual accumulator can also be used to provide this amount of energy.
  • the state of charge of all existing and available accumulator segments is measured and, in accordance with the required current intensity and voltage, combined to form a group of accumulator segments which is optimal for the fulfillment of this requirement, in turn, into a virtual accumulator.
  • the required accumulator segments are preferably selected such that a maximum possible number of accumulator segments charged up to their first upper threshold value can be provided. If at least one of the accumulator segments within the virtual accumulator reaches a second lower accumulator segment-specific reference value, then this accumulator segment is unlocked by the virtual accumulator and replaced by an adequate, alternative accumulator segment with a higher stored amount of energy. By simultaneously enabling and replacing properties of the required virtual accumulator can be maintained.
  • a largely constant voltage of virtual accumulators can be achieved by this disconnection, which varies only minimally compared to the voltage differences of a fully charged or nearly discharged conventional accumulator.
  • a disconnection of individual accumulator segments of a virtual accumulator is not only caused exclusively by the respective states of charge, but also that an activation takes place when a temperature is measured which lies outside defined limits.
  • a large number of virtual accumulators may be formed at a time within an accumulator having a plurality of accumulator segments.
  • Each virtual accumulator has an ex- terne contacting possibility to independently absorb energy or deliver. This may be advantageous, for example, when optimally using this second amount of energy during a charging process with a first available amount of energy, further segments parallel to a virtual accumulator may have a second amount of energy available for charging, the further accumulators discharged to the second lower segment-specific threshold values Can load segments. In order to optimally use this second amount of energy, additional segments can be interconnected in parallel to a second virtual accumulator.
  • Memory effects which can occur in many common types of accumulators, can also be minimized by segmented charging. It is particularly advantageous for vehicles with at least one electric drive, when high voltages, which are particularly important for a full charge of accumulator segments, are required Acceleration operations, such as overtaking, or be useful for starting an internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 1 is a sketchy representation of the shading of Akkumulatorsegmenten
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of a time profile of a charge state of a
  • Figure 3 is a sketch of states of charge of a plurality of accumulators.
  • Figure 4 is a sketchy representation of a vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows an accumulator 100 consisting of ten accumulator segments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
  • the accumulator segments 1 to 10 can be divided into virtual accumulators. For example, by closing the switching element 11, a series connection of all ten accumulator segments 1 to 10 can be realized.
  • all ten accumulator segments 1 to 10 form a virtual accumulator with a maximum possible voltage, under the assumption that other electrical connections are interrupted by open switching elements 12, 13. Is switching ment 11 is opened and the switching elements 12, 13 closed, a parallel connection of the Akkumulatorsegmente 1 to 5 and the segments 6 to 10 is reached and can be tapped by means of contacts 14, 14 ', 15, 15'.
  • any number of switching elements for the formation of virtual accumulators, and it is obvious that a number of switching elements used need not be limited. It is also conceivable, at the contacts 14, 14 'and the contacts 15, 15' with closed switching elements 12, 13 and open switching element 11 instead of the described parallel circuit to provide a separate connection to external circuits. In this case, for example, a first virtual accumulator consisting of the accumulator segments 1 to 5 via a corresponding contact to the contacts 14, 14 'are used for receiving an available amount of energy for charging and at the same time a second virtual accumulator consisting of the Akkumulatorsegmenten 6 bis 10, be contacted via the contacts 15, 15 'for a delivery of a required amount of energy.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plot 200 of a state of charge 20 of a rechargeable battery segment (not shown) over a time course.
  • a time axis 21 and a state of charge axis 22 is shown.
  • a state of charge 20 of the accumulator segment is divided into a first state of charge region 24, a second state of charge region 26 and a third state of charge region 28.
  • the first state of charge region 24 defines an almost fully charged state region of the accumulator segment, which is defined by a reference value full charge capacity 32, and an upper threshold value 30. If the charge state 20 of the rechargeable battery is in the first charge state region 24, if possible, no further recharging of the rechargeable battery segment occurs with a newly available amount of energy.
  • the second state of charge region 26 is limited by a reference value for a lower threshold value 34 and a full discharge capacity 36 of the accumulator segment. If the charge state 20 of the accumulator segment is within the second charge state region 26, no further discharge of the accumulator segment takes place if possible.
  • the third state of charge range 28 is defined by the upper threshold 30 and the lower threshold 34.
  • a charge state 20 of an accumulator segment, which is located in the second charge state region 26 can be charged at a disposable amount of energy of a first charge phase 40. If there is no more energy available for charging, the accumulator segment is not unloaded, if possible, but held in a first rest phase 42 until further energy is available for charging in a second charging phase 46.
  • the state of charge 20 reaches the first state of charge region 24 and an amount of energy from the segment is required, this can be done in a first discharge phase 46. If the energy demand is satisfied, then the accumulator segment is in a second resting phase 48, to which, if possible, no further charging phase, but a second discharge 50 connects, so that the state of charge 20 only after a re-reaching the second state of charge range 26 by charging is increased. This should be avoided in particular memory effects.
  • FIG. 3 shows ten accumulator segments 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', 7 ', 8', 9 ', 10' of an accumulator 100 'with a first charge state region 24', a second state of charge 26 'and a third state of charge region 28' are shown.
  • Each of the accumulator segments 1 'to 10' may be in a discharged state 60, a charged state 62, or one of two possible states 64, 66 within the third state of charge region 28 '.
  • a distinction is made as to whether an accumulator segment is in the state of an energy intake 64 or an energy delivery 66. This distinction is made to minimize in particular memory effects.
  • the objective is always to charge and / or discharge accumulator segments until the first charge state region 24 or the second charge state region 26 is reached.
  • the accumulator segments 1 ', 7' which are in a state of energy absorption 64, until they have reached the first state of charge region 24 '. If energy remains available, they are preferably replaced by the accumulator segments 2 ', 5', 9 'located in the second state of charge region 26'. Should energy continue to be available for charging, it will be distributed serially to the remaining segments 3 ', 4', 6 ', T, 10'.
  • preferably only virtual accumulators are formed from the accumulator segments 4 ', 6', 8 'which are in the state of the energy delivery 66. If the energy stored in this accumulator segments 4 ', 6', 8 'is insufficient, the accumulator segments 3', 10 'in the charged state 62 are added to the already formed virtual accumulator and / or a second virtual accumulator is formed for providing the required amount of energy.
  • the accumulator segments 1 ', T for a release of energy, this being preferably avoided until they have reached the first state of charge region 24'. Accordingly, with an available amount of energy, it may also be possible to use the accumulator segments 4 ', 6', 8 'which are provided for an energy output 66.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sketch of a vehicle 300. This includes four wheels 301, which are each connected in pairs via axes 302.
  • a first axis 302 may be connected to a motor 303 and a second axis 302 'to a generator 304. Both the motor 303 and the generator 304 are connected via lines 305 to an accumulator 306. If, for example, a quantity of energy for torque generation by the motor 303 from the accumulator 306 is required for a driving operation, this amount of energy can be provided by a first virtual accumulator 307. At the same time, provision may be made for an energy quantity, for example, which is provided by braking, to be used for charging accumulator segments connected to a second virtual accumulator 308.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une batterie comprenant au moins deux modules d'accumulation, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins un mécanisme de couplage pour connecter ou déconnecter au moins un premier ou un second module d'accumulation en fonction des courants ou des tensions requis ou disponibles. L'invention concerne également un procédé, un produit programme informatique, un appareil électronique mobile, un véhicule et une éolienne.
PCT/EP2010/000611 2009-02-03 2010-02-02 Gestion dynamique de batterie Ceased WO2010089077A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009007294.2 2009-02-03
DE102009007294A DE102009007294A1 (de) 2009-02-03 2009-02-03 Dynamisches Akkumanagement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010089077A2 true WO2010089077A2 (fr) 2010-08-12
WO2010089077A3 WO2010089077A3 (fr) 2010-11-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2010/000611 Ceased WO2010089077A2 (fr) 2009-02-03 2010-02-02 Gestion dynamique de batterie

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DE (1) DE102009007294A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010089077A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5570782B2 (ja) * 2009-10-16 2014-08-13 三洋電機株式会社 電源装置及びこれを備える車両並びに電源装置の充放電制御方法
DE102011102423A1 (de) 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102011105417A1 (de) * 2011-06-20 2012-12-20 Metroplan Process Management Gmbh Batteriespeicherwerk
FR2982089B1 (fr) 2011-10-26 2013-11-01 Renault Sa Procede d'equilibrage du niveau de charge et de decharge d'une batterie par commutation de ses blocs de cellules
DE102018222741B4 (de) * 2018-12-21 2024-10-31 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden einer Niedervolt-Batterie in einem Bordnetz eines Fahrzeugs
DE102020132936B4 (de) 2020-12-10 2022-07-21 Rolls-Royce Solutions GmbH Steuereinheit, Energiespeicher und Verfahren zum Steuern des Energiespeichers

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19957289B4 (de) 1998-11-30 2004-07-15 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi Verfahren zum Steuern von Laden und Entladen einer Batteriegruppe
DE102006040202A1 (de) 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi Batterieanordnung
DE102006062584A1 (de) 2006-12-29 2008-07-10 Clean Mobile Gmbh Antriebseinheit für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrzeugs
DE102007032210A1 (de) 2007-04-19 2008-10-30 Höltzel, Thomas Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Akkumulatoren für Elektrofahrzeuge und Elektrofahrzeug

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US4052647A (en) * 1974-01-28 1977-10-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Optimum battery reconnect for a field controlled electric vehicle
JP2000308268A (ja) * 1999-04-15 2000-11-02 Makita Corp 充電式電動工具
US6268711B1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2001-07-31 Texas Instruments Incorporated Battery manager
US7176656B2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2007-02-13 Campbell Hausfeld/Scott Fetzer Company Tool with battery pack
DE102007027902A1 (de) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriepack mit Umschaltung für Hochstrombetrieb

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19957289B4 (de) 1998-11-30 2004-07-15 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi Verfahren zum Steuern von Laden und Entladen einer Batteriegruppe
DE102006040202A1 (de) 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi Batterieanordnung
DE102006062584A1 (de) 2006-12-29 2008-07-10 Clean Mobile Gmbh Antriebseinheit für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrzeugs
DE102007032210A1 (de) 2007-04-19 2008-10-30 Höltzel, Thomas Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Akkumulatoren für Elektrofahrzeuge und Elektrofahrzeug

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DE102009007294A1 (de) 2010-08-12
WO2010089077A3 (fr) 2010-11-25

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