[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2010085309A1 - Objets carburants à base de paille de maïs ayant une puissance calorifique élevée et des émissions réduites conçus pour une production d'énergie à large échelle - Google Patents

Objets carburants à base de paille de maïs ayant une puissance calorifique élevée et des émissions réduites conçus pour une production d'énergie à large échelle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010085309A1
WO2010085309A1 PCT/US2009/069403 US2009069403W WO2010085309A1 WO 2010085309 A1 WO2010085309 A1 WO 2010085309A1 US 2009069403 W US2009069403 W US 2009069403W WO 2010085309 A1 WO2010085309 A1 WO 2010085309A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
corn stover
coal
power generation
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/069403
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James A. Mennell
William A. Brake
Kenneth G. Oja
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RENEWAFUEL LLC
Original Assignee
RENEWAFUEL LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RENEWAFUEL LLC filed Critical RENEWAFUEL LLC
Publication of WO2010085309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010085309A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/48—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on industrial residues and waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
    • C10L2250/06—Particle, bubble or droplet size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/101—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/262—Agricultural waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-energy, low-emission solid fuel made from natural renewable feedstocks.
  • a formed cylindrical object, briquette or cube is comprised of a blend of cellulosic material including corn stover and wood.
  • the term "cube”, “briquette,” “formed object,” or “fuel object” are roughly synonymous and refer to a discrete particle of any size or shape that contains the natural cellulosic materials described herein.
  • the major dimension of the fuel object is less than about 6 cm.
  • the volume of the fuel object is about 10 to 100 cm 3 .
  • Conventional fossil fuel refers to coal products including bituminous coal, anthracite coal, peat, coke and coking byproducts and to petroleum products such as oil, gas, natural gas liquids and products derived from shale and tar sands.
  • moisture content and particle size of the corn stover and wood fiber particles in the final fuel object are important for product formation, handling, and effective combustion.
  • the addition of an effective amount of base material reduces corrosive and acidic byproducts from the combustion of the cellulosic materials and reduces emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride and other acidic materials.
  • the processing and blend of materials provides a high energy output without the addition of any fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas as found in prior art materials.
  • no separately added binder is used.
  • the fuel object of the invention can be made without conventional binder materials such as that used in forming a number of the prior art materials.
  • Such binders, in the prior art are typically polymeric binders or are additional lignent or hemicelluloses materials.
  • the fuel object may be used immediately in existing solid fuel energy facilities (including those employing stoker, fluidized bed, gasifier, cyclonic, direct-fired, and pulverized coal technologies) and operate with an efficiency and higher heating heat value similar to some coals with a significant reduction in air emissions per million BTU of energy output compared to fossil fuels.
  • Figure 1 shows the cooperation in the reduction in formation of SO 2 in emissions from the use of base in combustion of the fuel of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows the cooperation in the reduction in formation of NO x in emissions from the use of base in combustion of the fuel of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows the reduction in formation of HCl in emissions from the combustion of the fuel of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the reduction in formation of both SO 2 and NO x in emissions from the combustion of the fuel of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a process diagram for the fuel object forming process.
  • Figure 6 shows the fuel object is a compressed material of processed corn stover, wood and inorganic base.
  • the embodiment that is the subject of this application includes a cylindrical object, briquette, cube or other such formed object comprising corn stover, wood and an inorganic base.
  • the invention involves a fuel object processed, sized and configured for use in large-scale modern combustion energy generating systems. Composition, raw material particle size, moisture content, and fuel object size and structure, result in the fuel object having a high energy value, low emissions upon combustion, and highly efficient combustion, in a range of commercially available combustion technologies.
  • the fuel object can have a volume of about 10 to 100 cm 3 ; does not need to be symmetrical, but it is preferred that the fuel object be substantially symmetrical in shape such as cylindrical object, a cube, parallel -piped or the like.
  • a cube can be roughly a rectangular prism or a cube that is 1 to 6 cm on a side. Typical density of the fuel object is 30 to 40 lbs/ft 3 .
  • a cylindrical object can be about 0.5 to 10 cm in height and about 0.5 to 10 cm in diameter.
  • the fuel object typically comprises about 60 to 80 weight percent corn stover and 20 to 40 weight percent wood.
  • the corn stover component has a particle size of about 100 to 35,000 microns with about 90 percent of the particles greater than 1,000 microns.
  • the wood fiber has a particle size of about 100 to 30,000 microns with about 90 percent of the particles greater than 1,000 microns.
  • the initial reduction of the particle size of the corn stover and wood fiber, to these proportions before fuel object formation, provides an input to the process that forms the fuel object leading to a mechanically stable fuel object that can be manufactured, stored, transported and used in modern combustion installations as is or is easily comminuted to a small particle size depending on the nature of the combustion process.
  • Chemical bases that can be used in a fuel object of the invention include typically alkali metal and alkaline earth metal bases. Such bases can be made from sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium and other such metal species.
  • the base can be used in the form of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, and any other inorganic anion that produces a basically reacting solution, a pH greater than 7.5, when the base is mixed in water (pH about neutral) at an amount of about 0.5 to 10%.
  • the important characteristic of the chemical base is that during the combustion process the chemical base can react with combustion byproducts such as sulfur oxides (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), chloride (Cl "1 ), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and other acidic producing gaseous species.
  • the chemical base can aid in forming neutralized species and substantially reduced the effects of corrosive action on combustion equipment.
  • corn stover has higher chlorine content than wood and use of the base additive helps reduce chlorine/chloride gas formation upon combustion of the fuel object.
  • a preferred base to neutralize acids in combustion is a bicarbonate or dolomite.
  • the fuel objects have a typical heating value of at least about 7,000 BTU/lb (about 3,500 cal.-gm "1 ); about 7,300 BTU/lb (about 3,650 cal.-gm "1 ) and typically at least 8,000 BTU/lb (about 4000 cal.-gm "1 ) all on a dry basis.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram of the process for the manufacture of the fuel object of the invention.
  • the process 500 includes, as primary process stations, raw materials and fuels storage 501, raw materials dryer unit 503, a cooling unit 504 and a cubing or object forming unit 505. These primary stations take blended wood fiber and renewable fuel component, adjust particle size, reduce moisture to a preferred level, cool the material and then form the fuel object as needed. Once formed, the fuel is then stored or transferred to an industrial combustion or burn unit (not shown).
  • the raw materials used in making the object of the invention is delivered to and stored in raw material delivery and storage unit 501. That material is then transferred to a pretreatment screen 511 for the purpose of separating fines from useful material. Useful material is then transferred to a pretreatment hammer mill which adjusts the fiber size to appropriate fiber dimensions for final object formation. Fine materials from both the prescreening, pretreatment and from the hammerrnill are transferred to the colt exhaust bag house 515 through the conduit A- A.
  • the sized fuel is transferred to a feed bin 512 for temporary storage.
  • the sized fuel source is then transferred using a dryer and feed conveyor 513 to the dryer drum 503 for drying purposes.
  • % moisture is then directed to drop out chamber 514(a) that separates fines from the appropriately sized materials in a dried form.
  • Heat for the dryer 503 is generated by Burner 506 and blending chamber 507. Fuel for the burner 506 is stored in bin 510. Fuel is transferred to the burner 506 through transfer line B-B from bin 510. Heat and recycle gas stream from dryer 514b is sent conduit 508 through chamber 507 to the dryer 503. Heat is recycled to the burner 506 through conveyor 509.
  • the fines are directed to cyclone dryer 514(b) while the appropriately sized materials are directed to cooling drum in feed conveyor 517.
  • Exhaust from the cyclone material is directed to recycle fan 522 which directs the exhaust either to ambient air or to the recycle through blending chamber 507.
  • the cold exhaust bag house 515 takes fines from the screen and hammermill station 511 and from the cubing stations 505. Those bag house fines are collected on the particulate conveyor 516 which are combined from the output from the cyclone dryer 514(b) and are directed to the pulling drum and feed conveyor 517.
  • Cooling drum 504 cools the particulate material from the infeedment conveyor 517 and then conveys that material on conveyor 519 to the fuel object formation stations 505.
  • the fiber before entry into the cooling drum in conveyor 517 can be directed to a dryer bypass bulk conveyor 518 and then to an optional dryer cooling drum bypass feed conveyor 523 that directs the fiber to the object formation stations 505.
  • Fines from screen 511, through airlock 521, the object forming units 505 and from drum 504 or conveyor 517 are directed to baghouse 515. Air is vented to ambient from baghouse 515 from vent 520.
  • the input material placed in delivery and storage unit 501 is typically preblended with the appropriate amount of wood fiber and renewable fuel source. Once formed, the fuel objects of the invention can be stored in product stock pile 502 and then transferred to a combustion unit (not shown) for energy generation).
  • the composition of the fuel and chemical base additive are designed to minimize air emissions from combustion of the fuel object.
  • the impact of the addition of inorganic base additives at different concentrations on reduction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and hydrochloric acid emissions during combustion of the fuel object was evaluated in bench-scale testing. The testing, is summarized in Figures 1-3 below, support that use of the additive results in reduced emissions of hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the objects contain less than 0.5 percent sulfur by weight percent and therefore emit approximately 95 percent less sulfur dioxide emissions than derivation of a similar amount of energy from coal. Because wood and corn stover are biogenic in nature, combustion of the fuel object is considered carbon neutral under carbon registries and trading programs in place in the United States today and therefore results in a 100 percent reduction in creditable greenhouse gas emissions than derivation of a similar amount of energy from coal. Nitrogen content of the corn stover and wood and addition of the inorganic base additive also result in an approximately 40 percent reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions than derivation of a similar amount of energy from coal. Figure 4 below demonstrates the reduction in tested emission rates of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide where eastern coal is replaced 100 percent with the fuel object.
  • Baseline 2 100 % Coal 2.28 0.083
  • the size and density of the fuel object is significant in that it allows for ease of handling, transportation, storage and conveyance in most power generation facilities.
  • Object size also is important in that it allows the fuel object to burn on the grate of stoker-type combustion units and not combust prematurely.
  • Particle size within the fuel object also is significant in both manufacturing a fuel object that maintains its integrity though shipping and handling and that burns efficiently. Efficient combustion reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide and leaves minimal residue, such as ash, which would have to be disposed in a waste site. Sizing of the fuel particles also is critical to allow a fuel object to break into discrete particles in certain applications such as pulverized coal-type units.
  • the blend, composition, moisture and size of the fuel object allow efficient operation in existing power generation facilities. Testing by the Southern Research Institute demonstrated that use of the fuel object in combination with coal in a large steam boiler resulted in no loss of boiler efficiency compared to 100 percent coal. Table 2 provides a summary of collected data.
  • Corn also known as maize (Zea mays; also ssp. mays L.), is the source of corn stover.
  • the term "corn stover” refers to the remains from the surface component of a corn plant, aside from the corn kernels. Stover does not typically include large amounts of the crown or surface roots. Corn stover is generally the leaves, stalk, husk, etc. Corn stover can also include incidental grasses and weeds. Corn stover is one of the largest sources of low cost cellulose in the United States. About one ton of corn stover is produced for every one ton of corn grain. About 250 million dry tons of stover are produced each year. Thus, the United States produces substantial amounts of corn stover for potential use in fuel applications.
  • wood fiber refers to a product derived from some part of a tree as that term is commonly used in the art. A number of direct products and byproducts can be derived by taking trees or portions of trees and reducing their particle size.
  • the term “wood fiber” may refer to materials derived from fruit, leaves, sap, bark and other such tree byproducts. Wood fiber is typically derived from either the woody part of the tree within the bark and typically refers to either wood-like components of tree trunks, tree limbs and tree roots. Wood fiber is typically primarily cellulosic in nature but is known to be derived from wood cells that typically comprise a substantial proportion of cellulosic materials in combination with lignin and hemicellulosic materials in a fibrous woody cell structure.
  • Wood fiber can be derived from a number of tree sources including both hard and soft woods. Such wood fiber materials can be derived from the processing of trees into sized lumber, the byproduct of clearing and shredding trees, the byproducts derived from any process that begins with a wood containing plant part leading to the formation of a substantially cellulosic wood fiber material.
  • the process for manufacturing fuel objects described herein starts by grinding cellulosic material.
  • the cellulosic material can be ground by feeding a pulverizer or grinder to reduce the cellulosic material to a predetermined size.
  • the corn stover component is ground to a size of about 100 to 35,000 microns with about 90 percent of the particles greater than 1,000 microns.
  • the wood fiber is ground to a particle size of about 100 to 30,000 microns with about 90 percent of the particles greater than 1,000 microns).
  • cellulosic materials a may be fed through a dryer.
  • a dryer ensures that moisture content of the cellulosic material is at less than about 14 wt. % and often less than 10 wt. %.
  • moisture of a finished fuel object should be between 7 wt. % to 14 wt. %.
  • Moisture content of the cellulosic material is significant to the integrity of a fuel object since moisture content of cellulosic material assists in bonding all of the materials in the composition prior to and following the pelletizing of the composition.
  • an increase in the moisture of the cellulosic material beyond a disclosed limit would jeopardize the characteristics of the fuel object and its ability to withstand being transported. It is important that an object maintain its integrity prior to precombustion processing or burning.
  • a fuel object should be rigid enough to be handled mechanically without crumbling. Achieving proper and desired moisture content for a fuel object is critical to achieve a desired heat output and in maintaining the ability to transport fuel objects without harming its integrity, shape, or composition.
  • the cellulosic material After the cellulosic material has been sufficiently dried to desired moisture content, the cellulosic material can be fed through a secondary pulverizer as necessary.
  • a secondary pulverizer can be the final grinding process for the cellulosic materials.
  • the base additive may be added once organic components have been appropriately sized and conditioned. Components of a fuel object may be further blended together by means of a blender, drum or other mechanical equipment.
  • a densification process can create a final composition of materials. Densification allows materials to be mixed and blended in a controlled manner with other particles comprising a fuel object. After the components of a fuel object have been sufficiently blended, the components/materials are processed and forced through densification equipment. Such equipment could include commercially available machines such as those produced by Warren and Baerg. Densification equipment forces a blended composition through a shaping die, thereby creating the fuel object. Faceplate temperature of the object forming extrusion equipment typically is between 165° F and 185° F. A fuel object exits at a temperature of about 110° F and not greater than 145° F. When a fuel object exits the extruder, there can be a slight coating on the external surface of the object. This coating can comprise lignin, which is a naturally occurring substance of the cellulosic material. Objects are then transferred to the finished object conveyor/cooler.
  • fuel objects are cooled down by a cooling means including, but not limited to, an air cooler, an air conditioner, or liquid nitrogen.
  • the cooling process causes the objects to harden into the shape created by the extruder and allows components of the object to maintain their integrity.
  • fuel objects are placed through a shaker screen after sufficiently cooling and hardening. This process separates fine and discrete particles of the composition. The discharge for the fine particles can be separated from a fuel object and are again recycled or forced through a extruder. This process minimizes the potential for waste generated by any excess particles that comprise a fuel object.
  • the final object maintains its structure and provides an ease of handling and a highly consistent product for good combustion at the end user power facility.
  • the fuel object is designed for immediate use in existing solid fuel fired systems. This may include facilities that produce heat or steam for cooling, heating, or electrical generation or direct induration or drying of a product. Such facilities may include power plants, industrial furnaces and boilers and steam and power generation facilities at large institutions such as universities and hospitals.
  • the formed and densified fuel object is ideal for transport by truck, rail, and conveyer and storage in bunkers and silos that are designed for transport and storage of coal. In most instances the objects may be unloaded, stored, and transported at a facility by the existing mechanisms that transport coal without physical modification.
  • the fuel object is ideal for use in stoker fired systems where fuel is discharged on a large grate and burns on the grate over a period of time.
  • the fuel object also works in systems where fuel is pulverized prior to entry of the combustion chamber and then combusted in suspension such as pulverized coal, cyclonic combustion, and direct-fired units. Because individual particles in the fuel object are reduced in size prior to cubing and dried to a low moisture content, they combust efficiently and with low emissions when fed through such suspension- based systems and do not result in slagging or increased ash or sparklers from unburned fuel. Because the fuels have such a high eating value, burn efficiently, and reduce emissions, facilities that use the fuel object may reduce emissions without capital expenditure on emission controls and maintain unit efficiencies.
  • a fuel object derived from corn stover and wood was produced and was substantially free of coal or other fossil fuel source.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the fuel object of the invention.
  • the corn stover fuel object was substantially cylindrical in shape with a length of 6.0 cm and a diameter of 2.5 cm.
  • this corn stover fuel object provided about 7,422 BTU/pound (Ib.).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un nouvel objet carburant comprenant une proportion de paille de maïs et une proportion de fibre de bois combinées avec un composé à réaction basique. L'objet comprend une fibre de taille et de teneur en humidité appropriées combinée à une base inorganique. Un objet de taille appropriée est aisément fabriqué, fournit une puissance calorifique élevée, est en accord avec les caractéristiques des carburants, et est dimensionné et configuré pour être utilisé dans des installations de production d'énergie. En se basant sur la sélection des fibres et le traitement, l'objet carburant peut être utilisé dans une variété de technologies de production d'énergie actuelles comprenant des technologies de distributeur automatique, à lit fluidisé, de gazéifieur, cycloniques, de chauffage direct, et au charbon pulvérisé, et résulte en une diminution significative des émissions atmosphériques (comprenant du dioxyde de soufre, des oxydes d'azote, de l'acide chlorhydrique, du monoxyde de carbone, du dioxyde de carbone, et du mercure) par comparaison au charbon sans perte d'efficacité pour la chaudière ou le four.
PCT/US2009/069403 2009-01-26 2009-12-23 Objets carburants à base de paille de maïs ayant une puissance calorifique élevée et des émissions réduites conçus pour une production d'énergie à large échelle Ceased WO2010085309A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/359,766 US20100139156A1 (en) 2009-01-26 2009-01-26 Corn stover fuel objects with high heat output and reduced emissions designed for large-scale power generation
US12/359,766 2009-01-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010085309A1 true WO2010085309A1 (fr) 2010-07-29

Family

ID=41822454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/069403 Ceased WO2010085309A1 (fr) 2009-01-26 2009-12-23 Objets carburants à base de paille de maïs ayant une puissance calorifique élevée et des émissions réduites conçus pour une production d'énergie à large échelle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (6) US20100139156A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010085309A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9005758B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-04-14 Forest Concepts, LLC Multipass rotary shear comminution process to produce corn stover particles
US9440237B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2016-09-13 Forest Concepts, LLC Corn stover biomass feedstocks with uniform particle size distribution profiles at retained field moisture contents
US9604387B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2017-03-28 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from veneer
US8712787B2 (en) * 2010-11-15 2014-04-29 Biomass Products, Inc. Systems and methods for managing and utilizing excess corn residue
WO2012142491A1 (fr) 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Biogenic Reagents LLC Procédés pour la production de réactifs biogéniques à haute teneur en carbone
US20130042521A1 (en) * 2011-08-16 2013-02-21 Danile Thomas Querrey Clean burning wood fiber fuel pellets and its method of manufacture
JP2015520726A (ja) 2012-05-07 2015-07-23 バイオジェニック レゲント ベンチャーズ エルエルシー 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法
DE102013000009A1 (de) * 2013-01-02 2014-07-03 Herbert Propfe Organischer Brennstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen
US12350648B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2025-07-08 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates
LT3094593T (lt) 2014-01-16 2022-04-11 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Anglies mikrogamykla
WO2015127460A1 (fr) 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc Charbon actif extrêmement mésoporeux
CN104312652A (zh) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-28 汪承武 环保烤火煤及其制备方法
WO2016065357A1 (fr) 2014-10-24 2016-04-28 Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc Compositions halogénées de charbon actif et leurs procédés de préparation et d'utilisation
US20180340240A1 (en) * 2017-05-26 2018-11-29 Novelis Inc. System and method for briquetting cyclone dust from decoating systems
MX2020013421A (es) 2018-06-14 2021-03-29 Carbon Tech Holdings Llc Composiciones de dióxido de silicio de carbono poroso biogénico, métodos de elaboracion y uso de estas.
CN111500338B (zh) * 2020-05-28 2021-09-07 广东洁冠科技有限公司 一种燃速快的生物质燃料制造设备
AU2021350836A1 (en) 2020-09-25 2023-06-08 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Bio-reduction of metal ores integrated with biomass pyrolysis
US20220267869A1 (en) 2021-02-18 2022-08-25 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Carbon-negative metallurgical products
US11932814B2 (en) 2021-04-27 2024-03-19 Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC Biocarbon blends with optimized fixed carbon content, and methods for making and using the same
CN117916204A (zh) 2021-07-09 2024-04-19 卡本科技控股有限责任公司 用于产生具有高固定碳含量和经优化的反应性的生物碳团粒的方法及由其获得的生物碳团粒
KR20240101647A (ko) 2021-11-12 2024-07-02 카본 테크놀로지 홀딩스, 엘엘씨 최적화된 조성 파라미터를 갖는 바이오카본 조성물 및 이를 제조하는 공정
CN114525149A (zh) * 2022-01-11 2022-05-24 钟永康 生物煤的制作方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102653A (en) * 1976-01-14 1978-07-25 Charles T. Simmons Aromatic wood fuel briquette and method of making and using the same
US5153242A (en) * 1985-03-18 1992-10-06 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska Composition board including plant protein in binder
WO2006122405A1 (fr) * 2005-05-16 2006-11-23 Evergreen Biofuels Inc. Pastilles de combustible en fibres agricoles
WO2007147244A1 (fr) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Michel Babeu Procédé de fabrication d'un combustible solide avec des déchets
WO2009018469A1 (fr) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Hoffman Richard B Système et procédé de préparation de stock d'alimentation de bioraffinerie prétraité provenant d'une biomasse cellulosique de déchets bruts et recyclés
US20090056205A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Stephane Gauthier Plant biomass solid fuel

Family Cites Families (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2475767A (en) * 1946-04-30 1949-07-12 Williams Bauer Corp Method of making artificial fuel from paper
US2475757A (en) * 1946-07-08 1949-07-12 Saldana Juan Angel Door lock control
US3650711A (en) * 1969-03-14 1972-03-21 Ethyl Corp Fuel composition
US4324561A (en) * 1975-06-26 1982-04-13 Nipac, Ltd. Combustible fuel pellets formed from botanical material
US4026678A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-05-31 Guaranty Performance Co., Inc. Process for treating municipal wastes to produce a fuel
US4015951A (en) * 1976-01-05 1977-04-05 Gunnerman Rudolf W Fuel pellets and method for making them from organic fibrous materials
JPS53130507A (en) * 1977-04-20 1978-11-14 Hitachi Ltd Totally-enclosed motor compressor
US4152119A (en) * 1977-08-01 1979-05-01 Dynecology Incorporated Briquette comprising caking coal and municipal solid waste
US4236897A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-12-02 Johnston Ian F Fuel pellets
US4561860A (en) * 1980-03-24 1985-12-31 The Secretary Of State For The Environment In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Process and apparatus for production of refuse derived fuel
US4308033A (en) * 1980-10-23 1981-12-29 Gunnerman Rudolf W Fuel pellet and process for making it by shaping under pressure an organic fibrous material
US4529407A (en) * 1981-06-25 1985-07-16 Pickering Fuel Resources, Inc. Fuel pellets
US4395265A (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-07-26 Charles Reilly Fuel pellets
US4398917A (en) * 1982-03-23 1983-08-16 Reilly Charles J Process for the preparation of fuel pellets
US4405331A (en) * 1982-04-23 1983-09-20 Acres American Incorporated Refuse derived fuel and a process for the production thereof
US4494962A (en) * 1982-11-24 1985-01-22 Christie George M Fuel product
US4886519A (en) * 1983-11-02 1989-12-12 Petroleum Fermentations N.V. Method for reducing sox emissions during the combustion of sulfur-containing combustible compositions
DK152291C (da) * 1985-08-19 1988-07-11 Habrit Aps Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af halmbriketter
US4810255A (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-03-07 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Manufactured fuel article
US4828573A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-05-09 Technology Research & Development, Inc. Method of manufacturing a pelletized fuel
US4834777A (en) * 1988-01-28 1989-05-30 Hydraulic Services, Inc. Fuel pelletizing apparatus and method
US5342418A (en) * 1990-04-25 1994-08-30 Jesse Albert H Method of making pelletized fuel
US5141526A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-08-25 Shell Oil Company Fuel preparation from a waste sludge
US5431702A (en) * 1993-03-25 1995-07-11 Dynecology, Inc. Waste conversion process and products
US5458803B1 (en) * 1993-09-30 1999-08-03 Dynamotive Corp Acid emission reduction
US5352252A (en) * 1993-12-07 1994-10-04 Tolmie Richard W Process for making fuel cubes from straw
US5643342A (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-07-01 Pelletech Fuels, Inc. Fuel pellet and method of making the fuel pellet
US5910440A (en) * 1996-04-12 1999-06-08 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method for the removal of organic sulfur from carbonaceous materials
US6043392A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-03-28 Texas A&M University System Method for conversion of biomass to chemicals and fuels
US5916826A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-29 Waste Technology Transfer, Inc. Pelletizing and briquetting of coal fines using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass
US6506223B2 (en) * 1997-12-05 2003-01-14 Waste Technology Transfer, Inc. Pelletizing and briquetting of combustible organic-waste materials using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass
US6698724B1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2004-03-02 Joseph P. Traeger Post setting method
US6447437B1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2002-09-10 Ut-Battelle, Llc Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions
US7326263B2 (en) * 2000-07-20 2008-02-05 Erling Reidar Andersen Method and apparatus for hydrogenating hydrocarbon fuels
US6719816B2 (en) * 2001-05-03 2004-04-13 Duraflame, Inc. Artificial firelog with sodium bicarbonate additive
SE0103822D0 (sv) * 2001-11-16 2001-11-16 Ecomb Ab Combustion optimisation
US20030221363A1 (en) * 2002-05-21 2003-12-04 Reed Thomas B. Process and apparatus for making a densified torrefied fuel
US7455704B2 (en) * 2002-06-03 2008-11-25 Garwood Anthony J Method of processing waste product into fuel
US20040045215A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 Guilfoyle Michael John Combustible fuel
DK1443096T3 (da) * 2003-01-28 2011-07-18 Hans Werner Fremgangsmåder og apparat til fremstilling af brændstoffer ud fra presset biomasse samt dets anvendelse
US6818027B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-11-16 Ecoem, L.L.C. Organically clean biomass fuel
US20050274068A1 (en) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-15 Morton Edward L Bio-solid materials as alternate fuels in cement kiln, riser duct and calciner
US7404262B2 (en) * 2004-10-12 2008-07-29 Pesco, Inc. Heat-moisture control in agricultural-product production using moisture from water vapor extraction
DE102005002700A1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als Biotreibstoff
US7357903B2 (en) * 2005-04-12 2008-04-15 Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc Method for reducing NOx during combustion of coal in a burner
US20070006526A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-11 New Energy Usa, Llc Fuel pellet briquettes from biomass and recovered coal slurries
CA2515879A1 (fr) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-05 Mark A. Dupuis Systeme de densification
US8150776B2 (en) * 2006-01-18 2012-04-03 Nox Ii, Ltd. Methods of operating a coal burning facility
US20070220805A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Leveson Philip D Method for producing a homogeneous biomass fuel for gasification applications
US20070261295A1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2007-11-15 Tolmie Richard W Water resistance, density, and durability of biomass fuels
KR20090086530A (ko) * 2006-10-02 2009-08-13 글로벌 리서치 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 공기로부터 이산화탄소를 추출하는 방법 및 장치
US7960325B2 (en) * 2008-02-15 2011-06-14 Renewable Densified Fuels, Llc Densified fuel pellets

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102653A (en) * 1976-01-14 1978-07-25 Charles T. Simmons Aromatic wood fuel briquette and method of making and using the same
US5153242A (en) * 1985-03-18 1992-10-06 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska Composition board including plant protein in binder
WO2006122405A1 (fr) * 2005-05-16 2006-11-23 Evergreen Biofuels Inc. Pastilles de combustible en fibres agricoles
WO2007147244A1 (fr) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Michel Babeu Procédé de fabrication d'un combustible solide avec des déchets
WO2009018469A1 (fr) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Hoffman Richard B Système et procédé de préparation de stock d'alimentation de bioraffinerie prétraité provenant d'une biomasse cellulosique de déchets bruts et recyclés
US20090056205A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-03-05 Stephane Gauthier Plant biomass solid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110236839A1 (en) 2011-09-29
US20100139156A1 (en) 2010-06-10
US20130152461A1 (en) 2013-06-20
US20140075832A1 (en) 2014-03-20
US20140338576A1 (en) 2014-11-20
US20120174476A1 (en) 2012-07-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20140338576A1 (en) Corn stover fuel objects with high heat output and reduced emissions designed for large-scale power generation
US20110232172A1 (en) Switch grass fuel objects with high heat output and reduced air emissions designed for large-scale power generation
Olugbade et al. Influence of binders on combustion properties of biomass briquettes: a recent review
US4236897A (en) Fuel pellets
Maciejewska et al. Co-firing of biomass with coal: constraints and role of biomass pretreatment
US8753410B2 (en) Method for producing fuel briquettes from high moisture fine coal or blends of high moisture fine coal and biomass
Tumuluru et al. A review on biomass classification and composition, co-firing issues and pretreatment methods
US9758738B2 (en) Green renewable liquid fuel
US20110259250A1 (en) Systems And Methods For Converting Biomass In The Field To A Combustible Fluid For Direct Replacement Or Supplement To Liquid Fossil Fuels
EP2883943A1 (fr) Fabrication de briquettes à partir de combustible biomasse traitée thermiquement
WO2012164162A1 (fr) Procédé de production de biocharbon
CN107365601B (zh) 一种利用农林废弃物的生物质气化发电方法
WO2010075306A1 (fr) Briquettes de particules de charbon dont le liant est la lignine et procédés et systèmes pour les préparer
WO2008111766A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé pour fabriquer un combustible à partir de résidus forestiers
Zanjani et al. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL BRIQUETTES FROM BIOMASS-BITUMINOUS BLENDS.
US20100263271A1 (en) Clean burning bio-coal
JP2012177485A (ja) 石炭ボイラの稼働方法及びボイラ設備
EP2123737A2 (fr) Carburant à base de sarments
CN109321306A (zh) 一种生物质颗粒制备方法
CA1115955A (fr) Substance cellulosique et polymere thermoplastique formant des pastilles de combustible
Ankolekar et al. Briquetting of agricultural biomass: an overview
Mitchell et al. Torrefaction? What’s that?
PL198194B1 (pl) Sposób wytwarzania paliwa stałego z biomasy
PL235085B1 (pl) Sposób wytwarzania peletów paliwowych z termicznie przetworzonej biomasy roślinnej
CZ18234U1 (cs) Směs k přípravě komprimovaných biopaliv

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09796266

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09796266

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1