WO2010082669A1 - Mg基合金 - Google Patents
Mg基合金 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010082669A1 WO2010082669A1 PCT/JP2010/050575 JP2010050575W WO2010082669A1 WO 2010082669 A1 WO2010082669 A1 WO 2010082669A1 JP 2010050575 W JP2010050575 W JP 2010050575W WO 2010082669 A1 WO2010082669 A1 WO 2010082669A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an Mg-based alloy in which a quasicrystalline phase is dispersed in a magnesium matrix, and more specifically, yield anisotropy of tension and compression when used as a lightweight material such as an electronic device or a structural member.
- the present invention relates to a Mg-based alloy material reduced without using rare earth elements and a strain processed material obtained by strain processing this material.
- Magnesium is attracting attention as a lightweight material for electronic devices and structural members because it is lightweight and exhibits abundant resources.
- high strength, high ductility and high toughness characteristics of materials are required from the viewpoint of safety and reliability in use.
- the extension process that is, strain processing, is considered as one of the effective means for creating a high strength, high ductility, high toughness magnesium alloy.
- Fig. 15 (Materials Science and Technology, T. Mukai, H. Watanabe, K. Higashi, 16, (2000) pp. 1314-1319.) Excellent strength and ductility.
- Fig. 15 Morphos Science and Technology, T. Mukai, H. Watanabe, K. Higashi, 16, (2000) pp. 1314-1319.
- wrought material has superior strength and fracture toughness compared to cast material. Show.
- subjecting the raw material to distortion processing such as rolling or extrusion has a problem that the texture oriented to the bottom surface formed during processing remains in the material as it is due to the hexagonal crystal structure that is unique to magnesium. . Therefore, a general magnesium alloy wrought material exhibits high tensile strength at room temperature, but low compressive strength. Therefore, when a conventional magnesium alloy wrought material is applied to a structural member for movement, there is a drawback that it is fragile at a location where compressive strain occurs and isotropic deformation is difficult.
- the quasicrystalline phase has a feature that it has a good connection with the crystal lattice of the magnesium matrix, that is, forms a matching interface and bonds the interface firmly. Therefore, dispersing the quasicrystalline phase in the magnesium matrix reduces the strength of the texture (the degree of accumulation on the bottom surface), improves the compression characteristics while maintaining a high tensile strength level, and is used for structural design member design. Makes it possible to eliminate undesirable yield anisotropy.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe that addition of a rare earth element (particularly yttrium) is necessary to develop a quasicrystal in a magnesium matrix.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a wrought material is required for the addition of yttrium and other rare earth elements in order to develop a quasicrystal in the magnesium matrix, and the effects of quasicrystal dispersion and grain refinement. It has been shown that the yield anisotropy of can be eliminated.
- secondary forming processing conditions processing temperature, speed, etc.
- the addition of rare earth elements is essential, and there is a problem as described above.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe the generation of a quasicrystalline phase composed of Mg—Zn—Al, but there is no Mg parent phase because of the single phase of the quasicrystal. Since Non-Patent Document 3 is based on a casting method, the crystal grain size of the Mg parent phase is 50 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, it has not been shown to exhibit high strength, high ductility, and high toughness characteristics equivalent to or higher than those added with the rare earth elements, and seems to be technically difficult.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2002-309332
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2005-113234
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2005-113235
- Patent Document 4 WO2008-16150
- Non-Patent Document 1 G. Bergman, J. Waugh, L. Pauling: Acta Cryst. (1957) 10 254.
- Non-Patent Document 2 T. Rajasekharan, D. Akhtar, R. Gopalan, K. Muraleedharan: Nature. (1986) 322 528.
- Non-Patent Document 3 L. Bourgeois, C. L. Mendis, B. C. Muddle, J. F. Nie: Philo. Mag. Lett. (2001) 81 709.
- the present invention does not use rare earth elements but uses aluminum, which is an inexpensive additive element, and focuses on the expression of the quasicrystalline phase and its approximate crystalline phase and the control of the microstructure before strain processing.
- aluminum which is an inexpensive additive element
- it is an object to achieve trade-off balance between strength and ductility and to reduce yield anisotropy, which is an important issue for magnesium alloy wrought materials.
- the present invention provides a new Mg-based alloy as a solution to the above problems.
- This Mg-based alloy does not contain rare earth elements in its composition except for contamination as an inevitable impurity. And it contains a quasicrystalline phase in a dispersed manner. Furthermore, it does not have a dendrite structure (dendritic structure) that is a cast structure of Mg alloy before strain processing.
- the invention 1 is an Mg-based alloy material for strain processing in which a quasicrystalline phase is dispersed in a magnesium matrix and is formed into a predetermined shape by strain processing, and the quasicrystalline phase or its approximate crystal
- the additive element for generating a phase is made of Zn and Al and does not have a dendrite structure.
- Invention 2 is characterized in that, in the strain-based Mg-based alloy material of Invention 1, the quasicrystalline phase or an approximate crystalline phase thereof is Mg—Zn—Al.
- Invention 3 is characterized in that in the Mg-based alloy material for strain processing of Invention 1 or 2, Zn is added in an amount of 6 wt% to 35 wt% and Al is added in an amount of 2 wt% to 15 wt%.
- Invention 4 is characterized in that in the Mg-based alloy material for strain processing according to any one of Inventions 1 to 4, the occupancy ratio per unit area of the quasicrystalline phase or the approximate crystalline phase is 1% or more and 40% or less. To do.
- Invention 5 is a strain-processed material obtained by strain-processing an Mg-based alloy material, wherein the Mg-based alloy material is the Mg-based alloy material for strain processing according to any one of Inventions 1 to 5, and the Mg base after strain processing
- the size of the phase is 40 ⁇ m or less.
- Invention 6 is characterized in that in the Mg-based alloy strain processed material of Invention 5, the size of the quasicrystalline phase or the approximate crystalline phase thereof is 20 ⁇ m or less.
- Invention 7 is the strain processed material of Invention 5 or 6, wherein the tensile yield stress is 300 MPa or more, the compressive yield stress is 300 MPa or more, the compression / tensile yield stress ratio is 1.0 to 1.2, and the plastic energy value (E) is 20 or more.
- the elongation at break is 0.06 or more.
- Invention 8 is a method for producing a strain-based Mg-based alloy material according to any one of Inventions 1 to 4, wherein a quasicrystalline phase is dispersed in a magnesium matrix, and the quasicrystalline phase or an approximation thereof.
- the additive element that generates the crystal phase is characterized in that the dendrite structure disappears by heat-treating the Mg-based alloy cast material composed of Zn and Al.
- Invention 9 is a method for producing an Mg-based alloy strain processed material according to any one of Inventions 5 to 7, wherein an Mg-based alloy material for strain processing obtained by the production method of Invention 8 is used in a size of Mg matrix. The strain processing is performed so that the thickness becomes 40 ⁇ m or less.
- Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 1 Structure observation drawing of as-cast material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 1: Structure observation diagram of heat-treated material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 1: Structure observation drawing of extruded material by optical microscope 3 is a graph showing the X-ray measurement results of Example 1.
- 2 is a nominal stress-nominal strain curve obtained by a room temperature tensile / compression test of Example 1.
- Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 2 Structure observation drawing of as-cast material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 2: Structure observation drawing of heat-treated material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 2: Structure observation drawing of extruded material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 3: Structure observation drawing of as-cast material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 3: Structure observation drawing of heat-treated material by optical microscope Photograph showing fine structure observation result of Example 4: Structure observation drawing of as-cast material by optical microscope The photograph which shows the microstructure observation result of Example 4: The structure observation figure of the heat processing material by an optical microscope The graph which shows the X-ray-measurement result of Example 2,3,4.
- the composition includes Mg, Zn, and Al as essential elements.
- Mg, Zn, and Al as essential elements.
- the object and effect of the present invention are not impaired, it is allowed to contain other components, raw materials, and inevitable impurity components accompanying production.
- the composition range in which the quasicrystalline phase composed of Mg—Zn—Al or its approximate crystalline phase is expressed is 3 ⁇ a ⁇ 15 and 6 ⁇ b ⁇ 12 and 2 ⁇ a ⁇ 15 and 12 ⁇ . It is considered that b ⁇ 35.
- the dendrite structure which is a cast structure is eliminated before warm strain processing such as extrusion, rolling, forging, etc., and micron-sized quasicrystalline phase particles or particles of an approximate crystalline phase thereof, for example, intermetallic compounds Disperse the particles in the magnesium matrix.
- the “quasicrystalline phase” is composed of Mg32 (Al, Zn) 49, and the electron beam limited field diffraction image is along the rotation axis 5 times or 3 times (the upper right image in FIG. 17 for reference).
- the “approximate crystal phase” is defined as a phase composed of Al 2 Mg 5 Zn 2.
- the dendrite structure can be substantially eliminated by heat treatment after casting, and the heat treatment temperature and time are largely limited by the composition ratio, but generally cannot be limited. Is considered within the range of 25 ⁇ 10 ° C. to 40 ⁇ 10 ° C., but in the following examples, the heat treatment temperature is 30 ⁇ 10 ° C. to 35 ⁇ 10 ° C., and the holding time is 1 to 72 hours (3 days). It is desirable that The fact that the yield anisotropy related to the object and effect of the present invention is eliminated is generally defined as a ratio of compressive yield stress / tensile yield stress of 0.8 or more.
- the effect of trade-off / balancing of strength and ductility is defined as that strength and ductility do not show an inversely proportional relationship, that is, show a relationship close to proportionality.
- the size of the magnesium matrix that is, the average grain size of the crystal grains is 40 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the occupation ratio of the quasicrystalline particle phase per unit area is 1% to 40%, preferably 2% to 30%.
- the occupation ratio per unit area measures and calculates by the point method or the area method using SEM or optical microscope observation.
- the size of the quasicrystalline particle phase is 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and it is desirable that the minimum size is 50 nm or more. If it exceeds 20 ⁇ m, it becomes a nucleus of fracture during deformation and causes a decrease in ductility. On the other hand, if it is less than 50 nm, the effect of inhibiting the dislocation mobility is poor and it is difficult to achieve high strength.
- intermetallic compound particles such as precipitated particles may be dispersed together with the magnesium matrix.
- the distortion such as extrusion processed into the sample after heat treatment is 1 or more, and the processing temperature is 200 to 300 ° C.
- an intermediate material that is, a heat-treated material (heat-treated material) and a strain-processed material such as an extruded material (extruded material) are considered.
- the Mg-based alloy of the present invention is provided to satisfy all of the following characteristic values.
- extruded material The extruded billet was put into an extrusion container heated to 225 ° C., held for 1/2 hour, and then subjected to warm extrusion at an extrusion ratio of 25: 1 to obtain an extruded material having a diameter of 8 mm (hereinafter referred to as extruded material). Called).
- extruded material The microstructure of the as-cast material, the heat-treated material and the extruded material was observed with an optical microscope.
- the X-ray measurement was performed. 1 shows an as-cast material
- FIG. 2 shows a heat-treated material
- FIG. 3 shows an example of microstructure observation of the extruded material.
- FIG. 1 shows an as-cast material
- FIG. 2 shows a heat-treated material
- FIG. 3 shows an example of microstructure observation of the extruded material.
- FIG. 4 shows an X-ray measurement example of the heat treatment material (a) and the extruded material (b).
- the dendrite structure (D) disappears and changes to a clear grain boundary, and dispersion of quasicrystalline phase particles (P) and intermetallic compound particles (P ′) of about several microns can be observed.
- picric acid was used for the corrosive liquid for fine structure observation, the corrosion time was 30 seconds, and all the structure observation samples were performed under the same conditions. From FIG.
- the Mg matrix crystal grain size of the extruded material is about 3 to 5 ⁇ m and is composed of equiaxed grains (with an aspect ratio of 2 or less). Furthermore, since the X-ray diffraction patterns of both the heat-treated material (a) and the extruded material (b) shown in FIG. 4 are the same, even if extrusion processing is performed, the quasicrystalline phase and the metal in the magnesium matrix The presence of compound particles can be confirmed. In the figure, white circles indicate the quasicrystalline phase, that is, diffraction angles of the quasicrystalline phase, 39.3, 42.4, and 44.6 °, and black circles indicate the diffraction angle of the magnesium matrix.
- FIG. 5 shows a nominal stress-nominal strain curve obtained by a room temperature tensile / compression test. The tensile and compressive yield stresses are 318 and 350 MPa, respectively, indicating that excellent strength characteristics (particularly compression characteristics) are exhibited.
- the tensile / compressive yield stress used an offset value of 0.2% strain, and the elongation at break was the nominal strain value when the nominal stress was reduced by 30% or more. Moreover, the ratio of the compression / tensile yield stress of the extruded material is 1.1, and it can be confirmed that the yield anisotropy is eliminated.
- the as-cast material, heat-treated material, and extruded material were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the as-cast material was Mg-6 wt% Zn-3 wt% Al. 6 is an as-cast material, FIG. 7 is a heat-treated material, and FIG. 8 is a microstructural observation photograph of the extruded material with an optical microscope. Moreover, the X-ray measurement example of the extruded material is shown in FIG. From the structural observation example, as in FIG. 1, the as-cast material exhibits a dendrite structure which is a typical cast structure, but the dendrite disappears by heat treatment, a clear grain boundary is formed, and a quasicrystalline phase of about several microns.
- the dispersion of particles and intermetallic compound particles can be confirmed. From the X-ray measurement example of FIG. 13, as in Example 1, the presence of quasicrystalline phase particles and intermetallic compound particles can be confirmed in the extruded material.
- the room temperature tensile / compression test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1. The ratio of the compression / tensile yield stress of the extruded material exceeds 1.0, and it can be confirmed that the yield anisotropy, which is a defect of the magnesium alloy stretched material, is eliminated.
- the as-cast material, heat-treated material, and extruded material were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the as-cast material was Mg-12 wt% Zn-4 wt% Al.
- FIG. 9 is a microstructural observation photograph of an as-cast material and FIG. 10 is a heat-treated material using an optical microscope. Moreover, the X-ray measurement example of the extruded material is shown in FIG. From the structural observation example, as in FIG. 1, the as-cast material exhibits a dendrite structure which is a typical cast structure, but the dendrite disappears by heat treatment, a clear grain boundary is formed, and a quasicrystalline phase of about several microns. The dispersion of particles and intermetallic compound particles can be confirmed.
- Example 1 From the X-ray measurement example of FIG. 13, as in Example 1, the presence of quasicrystalline phase particles and intermetallic compound particles can be confirmed in the extruded material.
- the room temperature tensile / compression test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- the ratio of the compression / tensile yield stress of the extruded material exceeds 1.0, and it can be confirmed that the yield anisotropy, which is a defect of the magnesium alloy stretched material, is eliminated.
- FIG. 11 is a microstructural observation photograph of an as-cast material and FIG. An example of X-ray measurement of the extruded material is shown in FIG. From the structural observation example, as in FIG. 1, the as-cast material exhibits a dendrite structure which is a typical cast structure, but the dendrite disappears by heat treatment, a clear grain boundary is formed, and a quasicrystalline phase of about several microns. The dispersion of particles and intermetallic compound particles can be confirmed. From the X-ray measurement example of FIG.
- Example 13 the presence of quasicrystalline phase particles and intermetallic compound particles can be confirmed in the extruded material.
- the room temperature tensile / compression test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- the ratio of the compression / tensile yield stress of the extruded material exceeds 1.0, and it can be confirmed that the yield anisotropy, which is a defect of the magnesium alloy stretched material, is eliminated.
- Extruded material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cast material similar to that in Example 1 was used and the extrusion temperature was 300 ° C. without heat treatment.
- the extruded material was subjected to a room temperature tensile / compression test in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, in the comparative example, the microstructure of the extruded material was observed and the X-ray measurement was performed.
- the observation site is a plane parallel to the extrusion direction.
- the structure observation and X-ray measurement using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were performed.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of structure observation of the as-cast material with a transmission electron microscope
- FIG. 18 shows an example of microstructure observation of the extruded material with an optical microscope.
- FIG. 19 shows an X-ray measurement example of both samples. From FIG. 17, it can be seen that there are particles (P) of about several microns in the magnesium matrix, and this particle (P) is a quasicrystalline phase from the limited field diffraction image. Also, from FIG.
- the average crystal grain size of the magnesium matrix of the extruded material is 12 ⁇ m, and it consists of equiaxed grains.
- the average crystal grain size was calculated by the intercept method. Since the X-ray diffraction patterns of both samples shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 are the same as shown in FIG. 5, the presence of a quasicrystalline phase in the magnesium matrix can be confirmed even when extrusion is performed.
- the white circle shown in FIG. 19 represents the diffraction angle of a quasicrystalline phase, 39.3, 42.4, 44.6 degrees.
- FIG. 20 shows a nominal stress-nominal strain curve obtained by a room temperature tensile / compression test. The mechanical properties obtained from FIG. 20 are summarized in Table 1.
- the yield stress is the stress value when the nominal strain is 0.2%
- the maximum tensile strength is the maximum value of the nominal stress
- the elongation at break is the nominal strain value when the nominal stress is reduced by 30% or more.
- Comparative Example 2 a nominal stress-nominal strain curve of a Mg-3 wt% Al-1 wt% Zn extruded material (initial crystal grain size: about 15 ⁇ m), which is a typical magnesium alloy wrought material, is also shown in FIG. Although the extruded grains have substantially the same crystal grain size, the tensile and compressive yield stresses of the extruded material shown in Comparative Example 1 are 228 and 210 MPa, respectively. ⁇ Comparative Example 3>
- Extruded material having a diameter of 8 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the as-cast material as in Example 1 was machined and the heating temperature during extrusion was changed to 225 ° C.
- Microstructure observation and room temperature tensile / compression test were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- FIG. 21 shows the microstructure of the extruded material
- FIG. 22 shows the nominal stress-nominal strain curve obtained by the room temperature tensile / compression test. From FIG. 21, the average crystal grain size of the Mg matrix was 3.5 ⁇ m. From FIG. 22, the tensile / compressive yield stresses are 275 and 285 MPa, respectively.
- Example 4 The same cast material as in Example 4 was used, and an extruded material was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 without heat treatment.
- the extruded material was subjected to a room temperature tensile / compression test in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- the value of plastic energy: E is improved by the heat treatment before the extrusion process, and shows a trade-off balance between strength and ductility.
- the value (E) of plastic energy is defined as the area of the stress-strain curve, that is, the area of the hatched portion in FIG. It shows strength and high ductility material.
- the present invention is based on the results of Examples 1 to 4. Is highly evaluated as having the following characteristic values.
- the tensile yield stress is 300 MPa or more
- the compressive yield stress is 300 MPa or more
- the compression / tensile yield stress is 1.0 to 1.2
- the plastic energy value (E) is 20 or more
- the elongation at break is 0.06 or more.
- the high temperature tensile properties of the extruded materials produced in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 3 to 6 were evaluated.
- a tensile test piece having a parallel part diameter of 2.5 mm and a length of 5 mm was collected from the extruded material. Each specimen collection direction is parallel to the extrusion direction.
- the speed of the high temperature tensile test is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 s ⁇ 1 at a constant true strain rate, and the temperature is 200 ° C.
- FIG. 14 shows a true stress-true strain curve obtained by the high-temperature tensile test using the Mg-12Zn-4Al extruded material used in Example 3 and Comparative Example 5.
- Table 2 summarizes the elongation at break obtained by the high temperature tensile test of various samples. As in FIG. 14, it can be seen from Table 2 that the sample subjected to heat treatment before extrusion tends to exhibit a larger elongation at break and has excellent deformation and processing ability.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、素材に圧延や押出などの歪み加工を施すことは、マグネシウム特有の結晶構造である六方晶構造に起因し、加工時に形成される底面に配向する集合組織がそのまま材料に残るという問題がある。そのため、一般的なマグネシウム合金展伸材は、室温において高い引張強度を示す一方で、圧縮強度は低い。従って、従来のマグネシウム合金展伸材を移動用構造部材に適応した場合、圧縮歪みが発生する箇所では脆弱で、等方変形が困難であるという欠点がある。
近年、一般的な結晶相とは異なり、決まった原子の配列が繰り返し並ぶ構造(並進秩序性)を示さない特異な相:準結晶相が、Mg-Zn-RE(RE:希土類元素 = Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tb)合金で発現することが見出された。
準結晶相は、マグネシウム母相の結晶格子と良いつながり、すなわち、整合界面を形成し、界面同士が強固に結合するという特徴がある。そのため、準結晶相をマグネシウム母相に分散することは、集合組織の強度(底面の集積度合)を低減し、高い引張強度レベルを維持したまま、圧縮特性を改善し、構造用途の部材設計には望ましくない降伏異方性を解消可能とする。しかし、マグネシウム合金に準結晶相を発現するためには、希土類元素使用が不可欠という大きな問題を抱えている。希土類元素は、文字通り、希少価値の高い元素であるため、良い特性を発揮しても素材価格の高騰は否めないのが現状である。
一方、希土類元素の添加とは別の観点からも検討がなされている。たとえば、非特許文献1、2には、Mg-Zn-Alからなる準結晶相の生成についての記載があるが、準結晶の単一相ゆえにMg母相が存在しない。非特許文献3には、鋳造法によるものであるから、Mg母相の結晶粒径は50μm以上である。そのため、前記希土類元素を添加したものと同等、または、それ以上の高強度・高延性・高靭性特性を発揮することは示されておらず、また技術的にも困難と思われる。
[特許文献2] 特開2005-113234
[特許文献3] 特開2005-113235
[特許文献4] WO2008-16150
[非特許文献2] T. Rajasekharan, D. Akhtar, R. Gopalan, K. Muraleedharan: Nature. (1986) 322 528.
[非特許文献3] L. Bourgeois, C. L. Mendis, B. C. Muddle, J. F. Nie: Philo. Mag. Lett. (2001) 81 709.
すなわち、発明1は、マグネシウム母相中に準結晶相が分散されてなり、歪み加工により所定の形状に成型される歪み加工用Mg基合金素材であって、その準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相を生成する添加元素が、ZnとAlよりなり、デンドライト組織を有さないことを特徴とする。
発明2は、発明1の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材において、前記準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相がMg-Zn-Alであることを特徴とする。
発明3は、発明1又は2の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材において、Znが6wt%~35wt%、Alが2wt%~15wt%添加されてなることを特徴とする。
発明4は、発明1から4のいずれかの歪み加工用Mg基合金素材において、準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相の単位面積当たりの専有割合が1%以上40%以下であることを特徴とする。
発明5は、Mg基合金素材が歪み加工された歪み加工材であって、前記Mg基合金素材が発明1から5のいずれかの歪み加工用Mg基合金素材であり、歪み加工後のMg母相の大きさが40μm以下であることを特徴とする。
発明6は、発明5のMg基合金歪み加工材において、その準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相の大きさは、20μm以下であることを特徴とする。
発明7は、発明5又は6の歪み加工材であって、引張降伏応力300MPa以上、圧縮降伏応力300MPa以上、圧縮/引張降伏応力比1.0~1.2、塑性エネルギー値(E)20以上、破断伸び0.06以上であることを特徴とする。
発明8は、発明1から4のうちのいずれかに記載の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材の製造方法であって、マグネシウム母相中に準結晶相が分散され、その準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相を生成する添加元素が、ZnとAlよりなるMg基合金鋳造材に、熱処理を施して、デンドライト組織を消失させることを特徴とする。
発明9は、発明5から7のいずれかの記載のMg基合金歪み加工材の製造方法であって、発明8の製造方法により得られた歪み加工用Mg基合金素材を、Mg母相の大きさが40μm以下となるように歪み加工することを特徴とする。
一般的には、(100-a-b)wt.%Mg-awt.%Al-bwt.%Zn合金の組成において、Mg-Zn-Alからなる準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相が発現する組成域は、3≦a≦15かつ6≦b≦12および2≦a≦15かつ12<b≦35であると考えられる。本発明では、押出や圧延、鍛造等のなど温間歪み加工加工前に、鋳造組織であるデンドライト組織をなくし、ミクロンサイズの準結晶相の粒子やその近似結晶相の粒子、たとえば、金属間化合物粒子をマグネシウム母相に分散させる。
ここで、「準結晶相」とは、Mg32(Al,Zn)49の組成からなり、電子線制限視野回折像が5回または3回回転軸に沿うこと(参考として図17の右上の像)、と定義される。また、「近似結晶相」とは、Al2Mg5Zn2からなる相と定義される。
上記組織を得るには、鋳造後の熱処理により、デンドライト組織を実質的に排除できればよいのであり、熱処理温度やその時間は、組成割合によって大きく左右されるので一概には限定できないが、一般的には25×10℃から40×10℃の範囲内が考慮されるが、下記実施例においては、熱処理温度は30×10℃から35×10℃で、保持時間は1から72時間(3日)であることが望ましい。
本発明の目的、効果に係わる降伏異方性が解消されるとのことは、一般的には、圧縮降伏応力/引張降伏応力の比が0.8以上を示すこととして定義される。
また、強度・延性のトレード・オフ・バランス化の効果については、強度と延性が反比例の関係を示さないこと、すなわち、比例に近い関係を示すこと、として定義される。
このような効果を示すためには、マグネシウム母相の大きさ、すなわち結晶粒子の平均粒径が40μm以下で、好ましくは20μm以下で、より好ましくは10μm以下であるようにする。マグネシウム母相の大きさ(平均粒径)が40μmを超える場合には、降伏強度:300 MPa以上や破断伸び:0.06以上を達成することが困難である。
準結晶粒子相の単位面積当たりの専有割合が1%以上40%以下、好ましくは2%以上30%以下含まれることが望ましい。40%を超えると延性低下の原因になり、一方、1%未満では高強度・高延性の効果を発揮することが難しい。
なお、ここでの単位面積当たりの専有割合については、SEMまたは光学顕微鏡観察等を用いて点算法や面積法により測定、算出される。また、準結晶粒子相の大きさは、20μm以下、より好ましくは5μm以下で、最小50nm以上とすることが望ましい。20μmを超えると、変形中に破壊の核となり、延性低下の原因となり、一方、50nm未満では、転位運度を阻害する効果が乏しく、高強度化を達成することが難しい。また、析出粒子などの金属間化合物粒子がマグネシウム母相に併せて分散していてもかまわない。上記組織や特性を得るためには、熱処理後の試料に加工する押出等の歪みが1以上であり、加工温度は200から300℃であることが望ましい。
本発明については、中間材としての、つまり熱処理後のもの(熱処理材)と、これに歪み加工した、たとえば押出後のもの(押出材)が考慮されるが、押出材としては、たとえば代表的には以下のとおりの特性値の全てを満たすものとして本発明のMg基合金が提供される。
引張降伏応力 300MPa以上、
圧縮降伏応力 300MPa以上、
圧縮/引張降伏応力比 1.0~1.2、
塑性エネルギー値(E) 20以上、
破断伸び 0.06以上
そこで以下に実施例を示し、さらに詳しく説明する。
鋳造まま材、熱処理材および押出材の微細組織を光学顕微鏡により観察した。また、熱処理材と押出材に存在する粒子を同定するため、X線測定を行った。図1は鋳造まま材、図2は熱処理材、図3は押出材の微細組織観察例を示す。また、図4には、熱処理材(a)と、押出材(b)のX線測定例を示す。図1から、鋳造まま材について、典型的な鋳造組織であるデンドライト組織(D)に係わる多数の粒子の存在が確認できる。図2から、熱処理材では、デンドライト組織(D)が消滅し明瞭な粒界に変化するとともに、数ミクロン程度の準結晶相粒子(P)ならびに金属間化合物粒子(P’)の分散が観察できる。なお、微細組織観察用腐食液にはピクリン酸を使用し、腐食時間は30秒とし、組織観察試料すべてにおいて同じ条件で行った。
図3から、押出材のMg母相結晶粒径は約3~5μm程度で、等軸粒(アスペクト比2以下)からなることが確認できる。さらに、図4に示す熱処理材(a)と押出材(b)の両試料のX線回折パターンが同じであることから、押出加工を施しても、マグネシウム母相中に準結晶相と金属間化合物粒子の存在が確認できる。図中、白丸は準結晶相、すなわち準結晶相の回折角度、39.3、42.4、44.6°を、黒丸はマグネシウム母相の回折角度を示す。
また、押出材から平行部直径3mm、長さ15mmを示す引張試験片、直径4mm、高さ8mmを示す圧縮試験片を採取した。それぞれの試験片採取方向は、押出方向に対して平行方向で、初期引張・圧縮歪み速度は、1x10-3s-1である。図5に、室温引張・圧縮試験により得られた公称応力-公称歪み曲線を示す。引張、圧縮降伏応力は、それぞれ318、350MPaであり、優れた強度特性(特に、圧縮特性)を示すことがわかる。引張・圧縮降伏応力は、0.2%歪みのオフセット値を使用し、破断伸びは公称応力30%以上低下した際の公称歪み値とした。また、押出材の圧縮/引張降伏応力の比は、1.1であり、降伏異方性の解消が確認できる。
図6は鋳造まま材、図7は熱処理材、図8は押出材の光学顕微鏡による微細組織観察写真である。また、押出材のX線測定例を図13(a)に示した。組織観察例から、図1と同様、鋳造まま材は、典型的な鋳造組織であるデンドライト組織を呈するが、熱処理によりデンドライトが消滅し、明瞭な粒界を形成し、数ミクロン程度の準結晶相粒子と金属間化合物粒子の分散が確認できる。図13のX線測定例から、実施例1と同様、押出材に準結晶相粒子と金属間化合物粒子の存在が確認できる。
実施例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。押出材の圧縮/引張降伏応力の比は、1.0を超え、マグネシウム合金展伸材の欠点である降伏異方性の解消が確認できる。
図9は鋳造まま材、図10は熱処理材、の光学顕微鏡による微細組織観察写真である。また、押出材のX線測定例を図13(b)に示した。組織観察例から、図1と同様、鋳造まま材は、典型的な鋳造組織であるデンドライト組織を呈するが、熱処理によりデンドライトが消滅し、明瞭な粒界を形成し、数ミクロン程度の準結晶相粒子と金属間化合物粒子の分散が確認できる。図13のX線測定例から、実施例1と同様、押出材に準結晶相粒子と金属間化合物粒子の存在が確認できる。
実施例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。押出材の圧縮/引張降伏応力の比は、1.0を超え、マグネシウム合金展伸材の欠点である降伏異方性の解消が確認できる。
図11は鋳造まま材、図12は熱処理材、の光学顕微鏡による微細組織観察写真である。また、押出材のX線測定例を図13(c)に示した。組織観察例から、図1と同様、鋳造まま材は、典型的な鋳造組織であるデンドライト組織を呈するが、熱処理によりデンドライトが消滅し、明瞭な粒界を形成し、数ミクロン程度の準結晶相粒子と金属間化合物粒子の分散が確認できる。図13のX線測定例から、実施例1と同様、押出材に準結晶相粒子と金属間化合物粒子の存在が確認できる。
実施例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。押出材の圧縮/引張降伏応力の比は、1.0を超え、マグネシウム合金展伸材の欠点である降伏異方性の解消が確認できる。
当該押出材を、実施例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。
図17に鋳造まま材の透過型電子顕微鏡による組織観察例を、図18に押出材の光学顕微鏡による微細組織観察例を示す。また、図19に、両試料のX線測定例を示す。図17から、マグネシウム母相に数ミクロン程度の粒子(P)が存在し、制限視野回折像から、この粒子(P)は準結晶相であることがわかる。また、図18から、押出材のマグネシウム母相の平均的な結晶粒径は12μmで、等軸粒からなることが確認できる。平均的な結晶粒径は、切片法により算出した。図17、18に示す両試料のX線回折パターンが図5に示すように同じであることから、押出加工を施しても、マグネシウム母相中に準結晶相の存在が確認できる。なお、図19に示す白丸は、準結晶相の回折角度、39.3、42.4、44.6°を表す。
そしてまた、押出材から平行部直径3mm、長さ15mmを示す引張試験片、直径4mm、高さ8mmを示す圧縮試験片を採取した。それぞれの試験片採取方向は、押出方向に対して平行方向で、初期引張・圧縮歪み速度は、1x10-3s-1である。図20に、室温引張・圧縮試験により得られた公称応力-公称歪み曲線を示す。図20から得られた機械的特性を表1にまとめる。ここで、降伏応力は、公称歪み0.2%時の応力値、最大引張強さは公称応力の最大値、破断伸びは公称応力30%以上低下した際の公称歪み値としている。
<比較例2>
<比較例3>
<比較例4>
当該押出材を、比較例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。
<比較例5>
当該押出材を、比較例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。
<比較例6>
当該押出材を、比較例1と同様にして、室温引張・圧縮試験を行いその結果を表1に示す。
ここで、「塑性エネルギーの値(E)は、応力-歪み曲線の面積部、すなわち、図5の斜線部の面積であること、と定義されるもので、より大きい値であることが、高強度や高延性材料であることを示す。
また、本発明の目的、効果に係わる「降伏異方性の低減」と「強度・延性のトレード・オフ・バランス化」にも関連して、本発明においては、実施例1~4の結果からも次のような特性値を備えたものとして高く評価される。
すなわち、引張降伏応力300MPa以上、圧縮降伏応力300MPa以上、圧縮/引張降伏応力被1.0~1.2、塑性エネルギー値(E)20以上、破断伸び0.06以上である。
(P’)金属間化合物
(D) デンドライト組織
(E) 塑性エネルギー
Claims (9)
- マグネシウム母相中に準結晶相が分散されてなり、歪み加工により所定の形状に成型される歪み加工用Mg基合金素材であって、その準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相を生成する添加元素が、ZnとAlよりなり、デンドライト組織を有さないことを特徴とする歪み加工用Mg基合金素材。
- 請求項1に記載の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材において、前記準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相がMg-Zn-Alであることを特徴とする歪み加工用Mg基合金素材。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材において、Znが6wt%~35wt%、Alが2wt%~15wt%添加されてなることを特徴とする歪み加工用Mg基合金素材。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材において、準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相の単位面積当たりの専有割合が1%以上40%以下であることを特徴とする歪み加工用Mg基合金素材。
- Mg基合金素材が歪み加工された歪み加工材であって、前記Mg基合金素材が請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材であり、歪み加工後のMg母相の大きさが40μm以下であることを特徴とするMg基合金歪み加工材。
- 請求項5に記載のMg基合金歪み加工材において、その準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相の大きさは、20μm以下であることを特徴とするMg基合金歪み加工材。
- 請求項5又は6に記載の歪み加工材であって、引張降伏応力300MPa以上、圧縮降伏応力300MPa以上、圧縮/引張降伏応力比1.0~1.2、塑性エネルギー値(E)20以上、破断伸び0.06以上であることを特徴とするMg基合金歪み加工材。
- 請求項1から4のうちのいずれかに記載の歪み加工用Mg基合金素材の製造方法であって、マグネシウム母相中に準結晶相が分散され、その準結晶相、またはその近似結晶相を生成する添加元素が、ZnとAlよりなるMg基合金鋳造材に、熱処理を施して、デンドライト組織を消失させることを特徴とする歪み加工用Mg基合金素材の製造方法。
- 請求項5から7のうちのいずれかに記載のMg基合金歪み加工材の製造方法であって、請求項8の製造方法により得られた歪み加工用Mg基合金素材を、Mg母相の大きさが40μm以下となるように歪み加工することを特徴とするMg基合金歪み加工材の製造方法。
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| KR20020078936A (ko) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-19 | 학교법인연세대학교 | 열간 성형성이 우수한 준결정상 강화 마그네슘계 합금 |
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| JPH05171330A (ja) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-07-09 | Takeshi Masumoto | 高強度マグネシウム基合金 |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010215962A (ja) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-30 | National Institute For Materials Science | Mg合金鍛造品とその製造方法 |
| JP2015528052A (ja) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-09-24 | バイオトロニック アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | マグネシウム合金、その製造方法およびその使用 |
| US10344365B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-07-09 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy and method for producing implants containing the same |
| US10358709B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-07-23 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy, method for production thereof, and use thereof |
| JP2019148012A (ja) * | 2012-06-26 | 2019-09-05 | バイオトロニック アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | マグネシウム合金、その製造方法およびその使用 |
| US10895000B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2021-01-19 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium alloy, method for the production thereof and use thereof |
| US10995398B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2021-05-04 | Biotronik Ag | Corrosion resistant stent |
| US11499214B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2022-11-15 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy and method for producing implants containing the same |
| US12123086B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2024-10-22 | Biotronik Ag | Method for producing magnesium alloy |
| CN103361529A (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-10-23 | 山西银光华盛镁业股份有限公司 | 一种准晶相强化镁合金薄板带制造方法 |
| CN103361529B (zh) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-07-08 | 山西银光华盛镁业股份有限公司 | 一种准晶相强化镁合金薄板带制造方法 |
| JP2017066459A (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-06 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | めっき鋼材 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5586027B2 (ja) | 2014-09-10 |
| US20110315282A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
| CN102282277B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
| JPWO2010082669A1 (ja) | 2012-07-12 |
| US9347123B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
| KR20110104056A (ko) | 2011-09-21 |
| CN102282277A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
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