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WO2010076394A1 - Procédé de traitement de bois - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de bois Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010076394A1
WO2010076394A1 PCT/FI2010/050003 FI2010050003W WO2010076394A1 WO 2010076394 A1 WO2010076394 A1 WO 2010076394A1 FI 2010050003 W FI2010050003 W FI 2010050003W WO 2010076394 A1 WO2010076394 A1 WO 2010076394A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wood
drying
measuring
piece
processing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2010/050003
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pekka Ritvanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Korwensuun Konetehdas Oy
Original Assignee
Korwensuun Konetehdas Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Korwensuun Konetehdas Oy filed Critical Korwensuun Konetehdas Oy
Publication of WO2010076394A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010076394A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/46—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0238—Wood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
    • G01N2291/0254—Evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the processing of wood according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • wood processing and its drying process in particular are controlled by monitoring indirect quantities, such as relative humidity of air and dry and wet bulb temperatures of air.
  • indirect quantities such as relative humidity of air and dry and wet bulb temperatures of air.
  • wood moisture meters There are various kinds of wood moisture meters on the market, but their accuracy, reliability and range of measuring information are not sufficient for continuous measurement and the adjustment of the drying process.
  • a conventional adjustment and control apparatus of the drying process of wood includes moistening devices of drying air (high-pressure water spraying or vapour), sensors for measuring the temperature and relative humidity of air as well as a measuring system of wood moisture and a control system of the drying process.
  • drying air high-pressure water spraying or vapour
  • each wood species and various timber grades and dimensions are compiled their own empirical drying program i.e. drying formula.
  • the drying temperature and the relative humidity of air in the drying plant are automatically adjusted as the drying progresses. Drying times are dependent on target quality, wood species and its density, initial and final moisture, and temperature.
  • the typical drying time from a freshly-felled tree to moisture of less than 10% varies from a few days to several weeks depending on the wood species and the dimensions of timber being dried.
  • recently used monitoring methods of wood quality and structure do not enable real-time analysis during the treatment process of wood. Due to the insufficient monitoring methods of wood quality and structure, almost all timber intended for end-product manufacturing is treated in the sawing and drying processes, whereby part of timber is unnecessarily treated.
  • Primary in the drying of wood are by no means the moisture and temperature of air but the fact that wood being dried is not damaged as a result of drying and that the final moisture of wood is even enough i.e. the wood has a low moisture gradient.
  • the aim is to provide wood with a solid structure and having as low as possible moisture distribution, gradient, and a desired moisture percentage.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method for processing wood by means of which method it is possible to monitor timber and its properties for the whole process and avoid the damaging of wood.
  • a further object of the invention is to introduce a method by means of which it is possible to remove possible damaged timber at a stage as early as possible.
  • an object of the invention is to introduce novel programming as a measuring and adjusting method of wood processing and the drying process and in modifying timber properties.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a method for processing wood, which is characterised by what is presented in the claims.
  • the structure of a piece of wood and its properties independent of each other and the processing of wood are monitored and measured at different stages of the wood treatment process with measuring ways independent of each other, the drying process is monitored and the drying process is adjusted considering the above measuring results independent of each other.
  • the wood and its properties and the process at its different stages are monitored and measured with measuring ways independent of each other, it is possible to observe in real-time the moment and prevailing conditions in which the damaging of timber starts.
  • the aim is to avoid the creation of such situations.
  • the objective is to create no conditions for the splitting up and/or other damaging of wood.
  • the properties independent of each other of a piece of wood and the structure of the piece of wood are monitored and measured before drying the piece of wood with at least two measuring ways independent of each other before sawing and after sawing, before drying the wood.
  • the properties independent of each other of a piece of wood and the structure of the piece of wood are monitored and measured during drying the wood with at least two measuring ways independent of each other.
  • the properties independent of each other of a piece of wood and the structure of the piece of wood are monitored and measured after drying the wood with at least two measuring ways independent of each other.
  • pieces of wood are sawn in a saw device and the properties independent of each other of the piece of wood and the structure of the piece of wood are monitored and measured with at least two measuring ways independent of each other before sawing the piece of wood and after sawing, before drying the wood.
  • electrical impedance spectroscopy devices analyse and monitor the structure and the moisture gradient of wood at different points.
  • Electrical impedance spectroscopy means measuring the impedance (alternating-current resistance) of the target on one or more frequencies. The result is one or more impedance values, which provide data on the structure and properties of the target.
  • Impedance is the ratio of the amplitude of voltage U prevailing over the circuit and the amplitude of current I passing through it. As current and voltage in alternating current have a phase angle, they are represented with complex numbers in the circuit analysis.
  • impedance is also a complex quantity, i.e., impedance has a real part (resistance R) and an imaginary part (reactance X).
  • Impedance like other complex quantities, can alternatively be represented in polar form by means of the phase angle and amplitude.
  • Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been used in various applications one of the most important of which is studying biological matter e.g. in medical science. By means of EIS technology, it is possible to monitor the structure and the moisture distribution, gradient, of wood in real time. In other embodiments of the invention, the structure and/or moisture of wood can be analysed and monitored with some other method and apparatus known as such and suitable for the purpose.
  • an acoustic emission measuring device monitors micro cracks possibly created in the drying process.
  • Acoustic emission is based on the measurement of elastic high-frequency (150-160 kilohertz) waves in a structure. Waves are created and they are measurable when a solid structure is exposed to mechanical load and, particularly, when changes occur in the structure of the material being examined. Emission is perceivable when waveguides connected to a piezoelectric sensor are installed in the measurement target. The sensor registers changes in the waves caused by cracks, leaks or friction.
  • AE technology allows to monitor the micro cracking of wood as wood emits ultrasonic- frequency sound in connection with micro cracking.
  • microwave resonators analyse the amount of water in wood at different points.
  • Microwave resonator analysis is a measuring method in which a microwave resonator observes the amount of water in wood by measuring an oscillation frequency of a resonator contained by wood. The peak of oscillation intensity occurs on frequencies the lower the more water the wood being analysed contains. The measurement can be performed as wood moves in the production process.
  • the microwave resonator analysis can measure the amount of water contained by wood being dried and having been dried before and/or after drying.
  • the amount of water in wood can be analysed and monitored with some other method and apparatus known as such and suitable for the purpose.
  • the structure and properties of wood as well as the conditions of the process are monitored and measured at different stages and at different points of processing wood and the data is saved and a process/drying chart describing the properties of wood material and their changes is compiled.
  • the drying and modification process of wood is adjusted by means of the wood process chart.
  • the process chart shows in a table format the adjustment parameters of devices controlling the drying and modification of wood and the monitoring values controlling the progress of the process.
  • Each row of the chart shows the stages following each other in the drying and modification process of wood. There can be one or more stages depending on the wood species being dried and modified, dimensions, initial values, and the desired end-result.
  • the stages implement the drying and modification process from start to finish, e.g. the heating stage, the drying stage and the cooling stage.
  • the transfer from one stage to another takes place when any one or more quantities measured from the process or calculated or averaged from measuring results, the trigger quantity, or their combination reaches a value determined for each process stage, the trigger value.
  • the trigger quantity or quantities and their values and conditions between the trigger quantities are shown in the process chart for each stage separately.
  • the adjustment of the process takes place based on information measured or calculated from the process. Information measured or calculated from measuring results, used for the adjustment of the process and transferring from one stage to another are e.g.
  • wood species being dried, length, width, thickness, initial moisture, targeted final moisture and gradient, hardness, strength and torsional rigidity, targeted drying time, during drying wood temperature, moisture, gradient, mass, amount of water, compression, compression speed and surface pressure, drying chamber or chamber part dry bulb or wet bulb temperature or relative humidity, time, values received from AE, EIS or ⁇ WR measurements, and hydraulic pressure.
  • the adjustment of the drying and modification process takes place by adjusting drying-stage temperature, relative humidity, drying-air direction and intensity and wood compression, compression speed and compression pressure in each stage described by the process chart.
  • it is possible to monitor and adjust e.g. wood moisture content, moisture distribution, single wood blank moisture distribution, gradient, hardness, strength and torsional rigidity and thickness.
  • a genetic algorithm and genetic programming are used as the measuring and adjustment method of processing wood and in the modification of timber properties.
  • the invention advantageously applies the genetic algorithm (GA) and genetic programming (GP) as the measuring and adjustment method of the drying process of wood and in the modification of the properties of dried timber.
  • GA genetic algorithm
  • GP genetic programming
  • genetic algorithms are heuristic optimisation methods imitating the evolution mechanisms of nature. They are applicable to tasks in which the solution space is very large (e.g. large combinatory tasks) and in which even a rough optimum is enough as the solution. Due to the rapid increase in the calculation capacity of computers, the application possibilities of genetic algorithms have also expanded greatly during the past decade.
  • an initial situation (initial population) is created by measuring the properties of the batch of timber being dried in the initial situation, random process adjustment values and parameters are determined, the drying process is followed through by means of chosen initial parameters using the functions, variables and constants of the problem, the batch of dried wood is evaluated based on how they solve the problem and how the measured physical end-results correspond to the expected values, a new population of computer programs is created based on previous data, the best existing program is copied, new computer programs are created by means of mutation, new computer programs are created by means of crossing and the best computer program occurring in any population is chosen, i.e., the best solution so far is chosen as the result of genetic programming.
  • GA genetic algorithm
  • GP genetic programming
  • the object of drying is wood with a solid structure and having as low as possible moisture distribution, gradient, and a desired moisture percentage.
  • EIS electrical impedance spectroscopy
  • AE acoustic emission
  • ⁇ WR microwave resonator
  • the monitoring techniques of the drying process are not useful until both the mutual and total effects of observed process values on the changed properties of the wood being dried are known. This is continuously established according to the method by monitoring and analysing the structure of the piece of wood and its properties independent of each other and the drying process at different points with measuring ways independent of each other.
  • Wood is a non-homogenous material and there are thousands of wood species all having different physical properties.
  • the object is to modify at least part of these species at least approximately to specific physical properties (surface hardness, strength, moisture, torsional rigidity, age resistance without chemicals harmful to the environment), such an optimisation theoretical situation is reached which can be solved e.g. by the above methods using the genetic algorithm (GA) and genetic programming (GP).
  • GA genetic algorithm
  • GP genetic programming
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an oblique side view of a treatment and drying apparatus of wood
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the principle of the drying apparatus included in the apparatus according to Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a measuring device of electrical impedance spectroscopy and/or microwave resonator analysis
  • Fig. 4 shows the principle of a microwave resonator and the measurement of the amount of water in wood.
  • Fig. 1 shows a treatment and drying apparatus of wood. It includes a saw device 1 for sawing timber and a drying apparatus 2 for drying sawn timber.
  • the apparatus includes transfer devices known as such for transferring timber to the saw device, from there to the drying device and further from the drying device, but they are not shown in the figures.
  • the drying device includes a chamber 8 in which there are press devices 9 between which timber is controllably compressed during drying, heating devices 10, such as heating coils, for adjusting the temperature of air during drying, and a blower 11 for circulating air.
  • the apparatus includes several measuring devices, which monitor and measure the structure of the piece of wood and its properties independent of each other and the drying process at different points with measuring ways independent of each other.
  • the apparatus includes four electrical impedance spectroscopy devices (EIS) 3; a first electrical impedance spectroscopy device is located before the saw device of timber and it is arranged to analyse the structure and moisture gradient of timber being sawn, a second electrical impedance spectroscopy device is located between the saw device and the drying apparatus and it is arranged to analyse the structure and moisture gradient of sawn wood, a third electrical impedance spectroscopy device is located in the drying apparatus and it is arranged to analyse the structure and moisture gradient of wood being dried during drying, and a fourth electrical impedance spectroscopy device is located after the saw device and it is arranged to analyse the structure and moisture gradient of dried wood.
  • EIS electrical impedance spectroscopy devices
  • An acoustic emission measuring device (AE) 4 is located in the drying apparatus and it is arranged to monitor micro cracks possibly created in the drying process.
  • the apparatus further includes three microwave resonator devices ( ⁇ WR) 5; a first microwave resonator device is located before the saw device and arranged to analyse the amount of water in wood being sawn, a second microwave resonator device is located between the saw device and the drying apparatus and arranged to analyse the amount of water in sawn wood and a third microwave resonator device is located after the drying apparatus and arranged to analyse the amount of water in dried wood.
  • ⁇ WR microwave resonator devices
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows the transfer of one board through a measuring device.
  • the measuring device can be an electrical impedance spectroscopy device or a resonator analysis device or one device can include both measuring devices.
  • Fig. 4 shows the principle of resonator analysis in which the microwave resonator 5 observes the amount of water in wood by measuring an oscillation frequency of a resonator contained by wood. The measurement can be performed as wood moves in the production process. The peak of oscillation intensity occurs on frequencies the lower the more water the wood being analysed contains. By measuring the width of the resonance peak, it is possible to determine the change in the conductivity of the piece being measured and to determine the amount of moisture contained by the piece.
  • each sawn piece of wood is analysed with second electrical impedance spectroscopy and microwave resonator analysis devices between the saw device and the drying apparatus.
  • the timber being dried is analysed with a third electrical impedance spectroscopy device and an acoustic emission measuring device.
  • each dried piece of wood is analysed with an electrical impedance spectroscopy device and a microwave resonator analysis device located after the drying apparatus.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de bois qui comporte les étapes consistant à: transférer des morceaux de bois sciés vers un dispositif de séchage (2) dans lequel ils sont séchés; et transférer ensuite les morceaux de bois séchés hors du dispositif de séchage. Dans le procédé de l'invention, la structure du morceau de bois et ses propriétés sont surveillées indépendamment, et mesurées en différents points du procédé de traitement de bois par des moyens de mesure (3, 4, 5) indépendants. Le procédé de séchage est surveillé et réglé selon les résultats de mesure indépendants.
PCT/FI2010/050003 2009-01-02 2010-01-04 Procédé de traitement de bois Ceased WO2010076394A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20095003 2009-01-02
FI20095003A FI20095003A0 (fi) 2009-01-02 2009-01-02 Menetelmä puun prosessointia varten

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010076394A1 true WO2010076394A1 (fr) 2010-07-08

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/FI2010/050003 Ceased WO2010076394A1 (fr) 2009-01-02 2010-01-04 Procédé de traitement de bois

Country Status (2)

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FI (1) FI20095003A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010076394A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015072919A1 (fr) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-21 Coldbay Ab Procédé et système pour sécher du bois dans un compartiment de séchage
CN109341246A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-15 彭力 一种木材破碎烘干设备
WO2022175585A1 (fr) 2021-02-16 2022-08-25 Avant Wood Oy Procédé et appareil de détermination des propriétés d'un matériau hygroscopique en temps réel pendant sa modification

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5307679A (en) * 1992-03-25 1994-05-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Method and apparatus for evaluating the drying properties of un-dried wood
US20010015020A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-23 Wood Drying Research Method and apparatus for drying wood
US20030062908A1 (en) * 1995-03-15 2003-04-03 Liebrecht Venter Determining the dielectric properties of wood
DE202004007013U1 (de) * 2004-05-03 2004-07-29 Tews Elektronik Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Tews Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Feuchte von Holz
JP2006341481A (ja) * 2005-06-09 2006-12-21 Oi Seisakusho:Kk 乾燥の難易に基づく原木の選択製材方法
WO2007028856A1 (fr) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Korwensuun Konetehdas Oy Procede permettant de determiner les tensions apparaissant dans le bois lors du sechage
WO2007035995A1 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Australian Choice Timber Supplies Pty Ltd Procede et systeme de regulation d’une etuve

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5307679A (en) * 1992-03-25 1994-05-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Method and apparatus for evaluating the drying properties of un-dried wood
US20030062908A1 (en) * 1995-03-15 2003-04-03 Liebrecht Venter Determining the dielectric properties of wood
US20010015020A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-23 Wood Drying Research Method and apparatus for drying wood
DE202004007013U1 (de) * 2004-05-03 2004-07-29 Tews Elektronik Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Tews Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Feuchte von Holz
JP2006341481A (ja) * 2005-06-09 2006-12-21 Oi Seisakusho:Kk 乾燥の難易に基づく原木の選択製材方法
WO2007028856A1 (fr) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Korwensuun Konetehdas Oy Procede permettant de determiner les tensions apparaissant dans le bois lors du sechage
WO2007035995A1 (fr) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Australian Choice Timber Supplies Pty Ltd Procede et systeme de regulation d’une etuve

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015072919A1 (fr) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-21 Coldbay Ab Procédé et système pour sécher du bois dans un compartiment de séchage
CN109341246A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-15 彭力 一种木材破碎烘干设备
WO2022175585A1 (fr) 2021-02-16 2022-08-25 Avant Wood Oy Procédé et appareil de détermination des propriétés d'un matériau hygroscopique en temps réel pendant sa modification

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Publication number Publication date
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