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WO2010071976A1 - Ensemble de turbines carénées multiples - Google Patents

Ensemble de turbines carénées multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010071976A1
WO2010071976A1 PCT/CA2009/001671 CA2009001671W WO2010071976A1 WO 2010071976 A1 WO2010071976 A1 WO 2010071976A1 CA 2009001671 W CA2009001671 W CA 2009001671W WO 2010071976 A1 WO2010071976 A1 WO 2010071976A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turbine
turbines
rotor
augmented
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2009/001671
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frédérick CHURCHILL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Organoworld Inc
Original Assignee
Organoworld Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Organoworld Inc filed Critical Organoworld Inc
Publication of WO2010071976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010071976A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/133—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines with a convergent-divergent guiding structure, e.g. a Venturi conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05B2250/501—Inlet
    • F05B2250/5011—Inlet augmenting, i.e. with intercepting fluid flow cross sectional area greater than the rest of the machine behind the inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05B2250/502—Outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • F05B2250/71—Shape curved
    • F05B2250/711—Shape curved convex
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to water turbines. More specifically, the present invention relates to a multiple augmented turbine assembly. The present invention also relates to a modular augmented turbine which can be used in a multiple in-line augmented turbine assembly and a multiple parallel flow augmented turbine assembly.
  • the present art for generating hydro-electricity is based on building dams that create a reservoir on the upstream side.
  • the height of the reservoir corresponds to the hydrostatic pressure available at the rotor blades of the turbine generator.
  • This technique of building dams to increase the hydrostatic pressure of a water stream has been used for centuries. It is only since the invention of electrical power that turbine-generators were invented to convert the hydrostatic pressure of the enclosed water stream flowing from the reservoir into force applied to the rotor of a turbine-generator.
  • turbine-generators were invented to convert the hydrostatic pressure of the enclosed water stream flowing from the reservoir into force applied to the rotor of a turbine-generator.
  • turbine-generators were invented to convert the hydrostatic pressure of the enclosed water stream flowing from the reservoir into force applied to the rotor of a turbine-generator.
  • presently, depending upon the value of the maximum hydrostatic head available one of three different but very common types of turbine are employed to generate power. These three types include the Kaplan turbine for low heads
  • the turbine generators are located at the base of the dam in order to have the highest static pressure or hydrostatic head possible.
  • the amount of power produced by the generator is proportional to the hydraulic head. At a constant flow rate, the higher the head the more power will be produced.
  • the requirement for high head for producing large amounts of power is well illustrated by the high heights of well known large generating stations such as the Hoover dam, Three- Gorges dam, Niagara Falls and Manic 5.
  • the hydrostatic head of the fluid stream is converted into kinetic energy or velocity pressure and it is the kinetic energy of the water stream that rotates the turbine blades.
  • the essential element required at the turbine rotor is not specifically the static pressure of the stream ahead of the rotor but its conversion to velocity pressure by connecting the fluid stream to a discharge point of lower hydrostatic pressure.
  • This lower pressure is normally atmospheric pressure.
  • P(available) h X f X g
  • P the power available in kW
  • h is equal to the head in meters
  • f is the flow in m 3 /s
  • g or gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s 2 .
  • the P is then multiplied by the system efficiency to obtain the net power produced.
  • the proposed augmentation device being convergent and divergent nozzles sized to maximise the velocity pressure at the face of the rotor blades of each turbine.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a turbine assembly that satisfies at least one of the above-mentioned needs.
  • a modular augmented turbine comprising:
  • the rotor comprising:
  • the present invention also provides an assembly of multiple augmented turbines for generating power from a fluid stream originating from a reservoir having a hydrostatic head, the assembly comprising: -a frame;
  • each of the modular augmented turbines comprising:
  • -a turbine outlet -a rotor housed within the external housing, the rotor comprising: -a hub structure having a rotor hub diameter and attached to a rotating shaft of the turbine;
  • each adjacent pair of the plurality of modular augmented turbines comprises an upstream turbine and a downstream turbine, the downstream turbine being lower with respect to the upstream turbine, the turbine inlet of the downstream turbine is connected to the turbine outlet of the upstream turbine such that the fluid stream passes through each turbine in succession, and the at least one assembly inlet is located below a height corresponding to the hydrostatic head of the reservoir.
  • the present invention also provides a plurality of in-line augmented turbines mounted on a frame comprising:
  • the present invention also relates to water turbines and more specifically to a turbine assembly consisting of a frame positioning multiple in-line augmented turbines to accommodate the feeding and discharge of a single water stream originating from a reservoir providing hydrostatic head to the stream.
  • the turbines are fed through one or more orifices located on the top of the first turbine in the series and is discharged by one or more orifices located after the discharge from the last turbine.
  • the drop in hydrostatic head between the feed and discharge points is shared between all the turbines.
  • the present invention also relates to a single stand-alone augmented turbine wherein all the drop in hydrostatic head between the reservoir and the turbine discharge occurs over the one turbine.
  • the present invention also provides a plurality of single stand-alone augmented turbines that may be positioned in parallel along the downstream face of a horizontally or vertically positioned frame.
  • the frame may be fully or partially submerged and the attachment of the turbines to the downstream face keeps the turbines parallel to the direction of flow.
  • a frame is understood to also include a dam structure for example.
  • Figures 1A and 1 B are front and side views respectively of a turbine assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a top cut view of two adjacent turbines of the turbine assembly shown in Figures 1A and 1 B.
  • Figures 3A to 3C are a top cut view and two sectional views respectively of adjacent turbines of the turbine assembly shown in Figures 1A and 1 B.
  • Figures 4A and 4B are front and side views respectively of a turbine assembly in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a modular augmented turbine 10 is provided in accordance with the present invention.
  • the turbine 10 comprises an external housing 12, an inlet 14, an outlet 16, and a rotor 18 housed within the external housing 12.
  • the rotor 18 comprises a hub structure 20 having a rotor hub diameter and attached to a rotating shaft of the turbine 10, a plurality of turbine blades 22 extending radially from the hub structure 20, and an annular shroud 24 surrounding the plurality of turbine blades 22.
  • the turbine 10 also comprises a convergent nozzle 26 for directing fluid entering the rotor 18 from the inlet and a divergent nozzle 28 for directing fluid exiting the rotor 18 to the outlet 16.
  • a deflecting structure 30 may also optionally be provided to facilitate the redirection of fluid to the outlet 16 and to reduce any stalling.
  • the turbine blades 22 are held between the hub structure 20 and the annular shroud 24.
  • the external housing 12 comprises connections 32 for connecting to a further external housing 12' of a further modular augmented turbine 10'.
  • the turbine 10 further comprises a turbine blade pitch angle adjustment system for selectively adjusting a pitch angle of the plurality of turbine blades 22.
  • the turbine 10 further comprises a directing system 34 mounted over the hub structure 20 for directing fluid entering the turbine towards the plurality of turbine blades 22.
  • an assembly 50 of multiple augmented turbines 10 for generating power from a fluid stream originating from a reservoir 52 having a hydrostatic head.
  • the assembly 50 comprises a frame 54 and a plurality of modular augmented turbines 10 held together by the frame 54, each of the modular augmented turbines 10 comprising the elements as described above.
  • the assembly 50 also comprises at least one assembly inlet 56 connected to a highest turbine 10A of the plurality of multiple augmented turbines 10.
  • the assembly 50 also comprises at least one discharge outlet 58 connected to a lowest turbine 10B of the plurality of multiple augmented turbines 10 and discharging the fluid stream to an atmosphere.
  • each adjacent pair of the plurality of modular augmented turbines 10 comprises an upstream turbine 10 and a downstream turbine 10'.
  • the downstream turbine 10' is lower with respect to the upstream turbine 10.
  • the downstream turbine 10' may be offset lower or directly beneath the upstream turbine 10.
  • the turbine inlet 14' of the downstream turbine 10' is connected to the turbine outlet 16 of the upstream turbine 10 such that the fluid stream passes through each turbine in succession.
  • the at least one assembly inlet 56A is located below a height corresponding to the hydrostatic head of the reservoir.
  • a plurality of assembly inlets 56 connecting to corresponding selected ones of the plurality of turbines 10 at various heights along an upper section of the frame 54.
  • the assembly 50 further comprises an adjustable valve system 60 located proximate the at least one discharge outlet 58 for controlling a rate of fluid flow through the assembly 50.
  • the convergent 26 and divergent 28 nozzles of the plurality of modular augmented turbines 10 are rectangular in cross-section and a width of the cross- section is greater than a height of the cross-section.
  • the discharge outlet is submerged downstream of the reservoir 52.
  • the upstream water level 70 and the downstream water level 72 are shown. This creates a "drop-leg" effect and increases the total hydrostatic head available.
  • other turbines may be placed in parallel behind or below the turbine shown in the figure for various other applications.
  • the turbine assembly according to the present invention can also be used to harvest energy from tides.
  • the frame 54 is preferably sealedly enclosed and forms a connection between the upstream turbine 10 and the downstream turbine 10' of the each adjacent pair of the plurality of modular augmented turbines.
  • a structure of the frame is made from a material selected from the group consisting of concrete and steel.
  • the assembly is preferably housed and enclosed within a larger building.
  • the technique employed for increasing the velocity head at any given static pressure is to convert more of the energy from the available static energy at the entrance to the turbine throat.
  • This technique will be referred to as augmentation and its performance is highly dependent upon the configuration of both the upstream and downstream geometry and configuration. Augmentation effects are easily detected as the velocity of the stream after it has left the reservoir increases and the velocity of the steam after passing through the rotor decreases further and then increases. These variations in velocity pressure are accompanied by corresponding changes in the stream static pressure.
  • the aforementioned changes in the conditions of the fluid stream can be obtained by the application of an integrated convergent-divergent upstream and downstream of the turbine.
  • the approach adopted to limit the static head is to install several turbines in series and share the total drop in static head between the turbines. Assuming a limit of 4 meters as the maximum desirable head drop over a turbine would lead to 10 turbines assemblies being installed in-line to produce power from a 40 meter high water reservoir.
  • the design philosophy is then to design a standard turbine for a fixed static pressure drop and to increase or decrease the number of turbines as the hydraulic head of the application increases or decreases. As such the same turbine can be used for low medium and high hydrostatic heads and rather than use a Kaplan, Francis or Pelton turbines for various applications only one standard design of turbine is used.
  • the in-line turbines can be fed at the maximum hydrostatic head through a connection at the base of the dam. This is achieved by locating the turbines at the same elevation and as low as possible. However the length of the frame supporting the turbines can be considerable for large hydrostatic heads and multiple turbines. As such it is preferable to arrange the turbines one higher than another in a single vertical stacking or multiple columnar stacking, and feed either from the top down or the bottom up.
  • the top or bottom, or any point therebetween, of the reservoir is connected to a standpipe and the standpipe is connected to the entrance of the turbines at various elevations. In both situations of top or bottom feed, as the head of the reservoir increases or decreases, the number of turbines in operation will significantly increase or decrease.
  • the objective is to keep the turbines operating at steady conditions with relatively equal static pressure drops over the rotors.
  • the velocity head can be increased without reaching the high velocity pressures experienced if the entire hydrostatic pressure of the reservoir was absorbed by a single turbine.
  • the parameters used to compare the convergent section and the divergent section are the first ratio, the second ratio and the third ratio.
  • the first ratio is the ratio of the entry area over the exit area of the convergent section.
  • the second ratio is the ratio of the exit area over the entry area of the divergent section.
  • the third ratio is the ratio of the exit area of the divergent section over the entry area of the convergent section.
  • the fourth ratio is the ratio of the length of the convergent section over the largest of the width or the height of the convergent section.
  • the fifth ratio is the ratio of the length of the divergent section over the width of the divergent section.
  • the first ratio is preferably higher than 1.5 and more preferably higher than 2.25. It is important to get a pressure differential between the entry of the convergent section and the entry of the water turbine in order to maximize the Venturi effect created.
  • the second ratio is preferably higher than 4.0. It has been determined that the third ratio is preferably between 1.5 and 10, and more preferably between 1.5 and 6.5.
  • the fourth ratio is preferably between 0.5 and 2.5.
  • the fifth ratio is preferably between 1.0 and 4.0.
  • the length of the divergent section is preferably longer than the length of the convergent section.
  • the convergent shape is given by the Borger theory as well as the inflexion point and the length in order to minimise the loss head and make uniform the velocity profile at the convergent exit.
  • the shape of the cross-section of the different sections may vary (circular, rectangular, etc.). However, the shape of the cross-section of the divergent section should preferably be similar to the shape of the cross-section of the exit of the water turbine section to keep a laminar flow in the divergent section.
  • the water turbine section may have a shape that differs from the divergent section and/or the convergent section.
  • a transition section is installed between the water turbine section and the divergent section and/or the convergent section to preserve a laminar flow.
  • the convergent section comprises two flat walls that are parallel to each other and two other walls that are curved to form a constriction of section.
  • the angle between the walls of the divergent section and the longitudinal axis of the water turbine apparatus should be chosen to prevent turbulence or vortex in the water flow. It is preferable to maintain an even laminar flow within the divergent section because a turbulent flow in this section would decrease the water velocity over sections of the divergent section and consequently the efficiency of the water turbine.
  • the angle at which a turbulent flow occurs is referred to as the critical angle.
  • the critical angle is dependant upon the profile and the geometry of the surfaces of the divergent section.
  • the critical angle may vary but is preferably greater than 8 degrees and less than 30 degrees relative to the incoming water flow. It is to be noted that the different walls of the divergent do not need to be all at the same angle relatively to the longitudinal axis of the water turbine apparatus but all should be within the aforesaid parameters.
  • the entry of the convergent section and the exit of the divergent section comprise panels to minimize the entrance losses and the exit losses.
  • the panels should preferably have a smooth profile and be tangential to the water turbine apparatus.
  • a smooth profile refers to a profile that does not have sharp edges.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des turbines hydrauliques et plus précisément un ensemble de turbines constitué d'un bâti positionnant des turbines carénées multiples en ligne afin d'accueillir l'arrivée et l'évacuation d'un unique flux d'eau issu d'un réservoir conférant une hauteur de pression hydrostatique audit flux. Les turbines sont alimentées par l'intermédiaire d'un ou de plusieurs orifices situés au sommet de la première turbine de la série, l'évacuation se faisant par un ou plusieurs orifices situés après l'évacuation issue de la dernière turbine. La chute de pression hydrostatique entre les points d'admission et d'évacuation est partagée entre toutes les turbines. La présente invention concerne également une turbine carénée unique autonome, la totalité de la chute de pression hydrostatique entre le réservoir et l'évacuation de la turbine se produisant à travers ladite turbine unique.
PCT/CA2009/001671 2008-12-23 2009-11-18 Ensemble de turbines carénées multiples Ceased WO2010071976A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2647773A CA2647773A1 (fr) 2008-12-23 2008-12-23 Ensemble augmente de plusieurs turbines
CA2.647.773 2008-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010071976A1 true WO2010071976A1 (fr) 2010-07-01

Family

ID=42283107

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA2009/001671 Ceased WO2010071976A1 (fr) 2008-12-23 2009-11-18 Ensemble de turbines carénées multiples

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2647773A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010071976A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170058698A1 (en) * 2015-09-01 2017-03-02 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to adjust hydrodynamic designs of a hydrokinetic turbine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011101365B3 (de) 2011-05-12 2012-08-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Strömungskraftwerkspark und Verfahren für dessen Erstellung
FR3009738A1 (fr) * 2013-08-19 2015-02-20 P3 Ingenieurs Turbine, chassis de logement d'une turbine et systeme de conversion d'energie

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997021922A1 (fr) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-19 Gavril Pavel Curtui Systeme electrique et hydraulique global
JPH09177654A (ja) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-11 Koken Boring Mach Co Ltd 多段式水力発電方式
WO2005113978A1 (fr) * 2004-05-06 2005-12-01 AZ Ingénierie SA Machine hydraulique modulaire et microcentrale hydraulique
WO2005119053A1 (fr) * 2004-05-21 2005-12-15 Krousse Wayne F Machine et systeme pour produire de l'energie grace au mouvement de l'eau

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997021922A1 (fr) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-19 Gavril Pavel Curtui Systeme electrique et hydraulique global
JPH09177654A (ja) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-11 Koken Boring Mach Co Ltd 多段式水力発電方式
WO2005113978A1 (fr) * 2004-05-06 2005-12-01 AZ Ingénierie SA Machine hydraulique modulaire et microcentrale hydraulique
WO2005119053A1 (fr) * 2004-05-21 2005-12-15 Krousse Wayne F Machine et systeme pour produire de l'energie grace au mouvement de l'eau

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170058698A1 (en) * 2015-09-01 2017-03-02 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to adjust hydrodynamic designs of a hydrokinetic turbine
US10107143B2 (en) * 2015-09-01 2018-10-23 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to adjust hydrodynamic designs of a hydrokinetic turbine
US11022001B2 (en) 2015-09-01 2021-06-01 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to adjust hydrodynamic designs of a hydrokinetic turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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