WO2010071466A1 - Pole in thermoplastic matrix composite - Google Patents
Pole in thermoplastic matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010071466A1 WO2010071466A1 PCT/PT2009/000078 PT2009000078W WO2010071466A1 WO 2010071466 A1 WO2010071466 A1 WO 2010071466A1 PT 2009000078 W PT2009000078 W PT 2009000078W WO 2010071466 A1 WO2010071466 A1 WO 2010071466A1
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- composite
- post
- pultrusion
- pole
- composite post
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic matrix composite pole (pole) capable of being mounted by sections, which can be fitted with overhead lines, lighting fixtures and signaling support. telephone lines or other urban or electrical equipment. These poles can also support photovoltaic panels, allowing a self-feeding when intended for street lighting.
- the present invention addresses the need for a composite post support for overhead line transport, overhead lighting, signaling and support for telephone lines or other urban or electrical equipment.
- thermoplastics are replaced in the solution herein by thermoplastics using thermoplastic matrix composite, namely towpreg prepregs or other commercially available Twintex TM interwoven fibers or joined together, and a manufacturing method capable of imparting unique strength and weight characteristics is used.
- thermoplastic matrix composite namely towpreg prepregs or other commercially available Twintex TM interwoven fibers or joined together
- a manufacturing method capable of imparting unique strength and weight characteristics is used.
- the present innovative technology makes it possible to manufacture by filament winding, in series, from thermoplastic matrix composites, poles with. cylindrical or conical geometry.
- cylindrical or conical in broad sense is to be understood.
- the main advantages over concrete and metal are its low weight (about 10 times lower than concrete), the possibility of mounting by sections, smaller footprint, ease of lifting and transport and greater specific mechanical strength ( 10 times higher than steel) and non-conduction of electricity, eliminating the risk of death by electrocution.
- the poles are recyclable and in their manufacture are not released volatiles potentially harmful to human health.
- US5749198 discloses a pultrusion construction technique of thermosetting dies while the present invention discloses thermoplastic dies recyclable by filament winding using an innovative composite manufactured from reinforcing fiber wicks (e.g. glass) impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix (eg polypropylene).
- the support thus produced is easily recyclable, can be produced in series and has a high specific mechanical strength.
- US 4769967 discloses a plastic pole produced by filament winding using a thermosetting matrix to soak the embedded fibers, while the present invention discloses a pole produced using a thermoplastic as a matrix, which being totally recyclable allows the elimination of polluting residues.
- US 4803819 discloses a post using a thermosetting composite, while the present invention provides a post using a thermoplastic composite.
- US 6,286,281 discloses a pultrusion post using a thermosetting die, while the present invention discloses a filament winding post using a thermoplastic as a die, which allows for better stiffness, increased serial production and total recycling.
- the composite used in this invention allows both the pultrusion and filament winding production techniques to be used, but its main advantage is that it is fully recyclable and that all the material used in its production can be reused or recycled. in other industries, by-products.
- WO 2007/018962 discloses a technique for manufacturing pultrusion thermosetting composite posts and parts which give rise to the snap-on post, while the present invention provides a post manufactured by the filament winding technique using thermoplastic dies. which enables more economical serial production and the use of fully recyclable materials.
- Figure 1 Support (pole) in thermoplastic matrix composite material obtained by transformation of composite into thermoplastic matrix by filamentary winding (1) surrounded by a flame retardant material when exposed to the risk of continued fire (eg rockwool) (2), externally supported by a metal foil (if necessary) (3).
- a flame retardant material when exposed to the risk of continued fire (eg rockwool) (2), externally supported by a metal foil (if necessary) (3).
- the support is of long length and has to withstand particularly severe loads, it can be made of two layers of composite material, an inner layer, liner, produced by pultrusion or filament winding, which can be further reinforced by successive layers in composite material using the filament winding technique.
- a "sandwich" type construction (4) may also be used.
- Steps are placed along the support, positioned by circular belts made of the same composite material, with protrusions, which adjust to the conical shape of the support (for structural supports of electric power transport) (5) to allow its easy scaling. by authorized personnel.
- the base of the support may be surrounded by fire detectors (6) which connected to the transmitter, placed on top (7) will give warning of imminent fire.
- the support can be produced in several parts (sections) which must be coupled to each other (8) and (9).
- the top of the support is closed by a removable composite lid (10) to allow the placement of cutting and sectioning devices or others that the user understands. From top to bottom, a ground wire (11) terminating at a ground electrode sized according to Safety Regulations in force.
- the pole must have an opening in accordance with the local Power Distributor regulations in force for its exclusive access (12).
- the overhead support sleepers are made of the same composite material by a circular fit. At the ends of the sleepers a box is placed in the same composite material to tie the power lines. Inside this box an electronic cutting device is controlled remotely by radio waves (in a broad sense) or from the base of the post (16), so as to avoid climbing the post whenever any section is to be isolated. of line. The device, whenever it detects a lack of voltage, transmits a radio signal, via GPRS, with the information of the support where the voltage cut in the line was detected.
- Figure 2 Cross section of the support.
- Composite material circumference (17) dimensioned according to the stresses to which the support will be subjected.
- Figure 3 Mixed product with reduced section steel pole (22) compared to the approved original enclosed by the thermoplastic matrix composite (23).
- Figure 4 Detail of the composite circle to construct the staircase (5).
- FIG. 5 Detail of the overhead support crosspieces (13), which are constructed of the same composite material by circular engagement. At the ends of the sleepers a housing (14) in the same composite material for lashing the power lines.
- Figure 6 Streetlight pole with Filament Winding Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Post (1), a ground wire (11) terminating at a ground electrode, opening in accordance with current Power Distributor regulations for their exclusive access (12), and overhead support sleepers (13).
- the present invention is a structural pole technology of any geometry (cylindrical, conical, octagonal or parallelepiped or any other form that the user wishes to manufacture) manufactured from a thermoplastic matrix composite by filament winding or pultrusion. depending on the pole section whether or not it is uniform.
- the use of an arbor to shape the post may be replaced by the use of a steel cylinder or cone or other rigid material, even composite, which will be reinforced by the filament winding process.
- intumescent paints are envisaged, their exterior wrapped with layers of rock wool or other fire resistant material.
- the large posts can be easily transported and maneuverable they can be constructed in small sections that can be coupled to each other at the ends by screws, snap or other simple means. Alternatively, the different sections may be further joined by hand molding in order to perform structural welding.
- the technology developed consists essentially of:
- -a cylinder or cone trunk of smooth octagonal geometry or other shape desired by the user (1) made from fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material, produced using filament winding or pultrusion technology. For some pole effort / height combinations this solution is sufficient. When the pole height is high and / or the stresses are significant, it may be necessary to increase the stiffness of the pole through a sandwich construction. In the latter case two plain or octagonal cone cylinders or trunks of two different diameters are produced to provide a gap between them when placed on the same axis, the gap being subsequently filled by an expandable foam (eg polyurethane). ); - The pole may be surrounded by a layer of fireproof material (eg rockwool (2)), or painted with swelling paints, which will protect it from very high temperatures;
- a layer of fireproof material eg rockwool (2)
- swelling paints which will protect it from very high temperatures
- Mounting may be provided for fire detectors (6) and their transmitting antennas (7);
- the top of the support is closed (10) by a removable lid to enable the placement of line support equipment, or other sectioning, lighting or urban signaling equipment and other equipment which the user understands;
- a box (14) is placed with an electronic device, remotely controlled by radio or from the base of the support (21), which acts as a disconnector / switch, in order to cut the power between the upstream line. and downstream of the support. -an inner ground wire to ensure electrical discharges (11)
- the current approved steel posts may be used, wrapping them externally by thermoplastic matrix composite layers using the filament winding technique. ;
- GAN "GAN”, "TAN” type cross-member fittings, horizontal or vertical conveyor, to enable the carriage of conductors to large power poles (13).
- sleepers may be of the same composite material used in the manufacture of the pole and shall comply with the regulatory rules for the transmission of overhead power lines, approved by the sector regulator and local Distributor, if applicable.
- the main uses of these innovative poles are the transport of electric overhead lines and the support of luminaires, urban equipment and support of wind turbines.
- the post is constructed using a sandwich construction
- its core may be made of expandable foam (4) to provide the support with the rigidity necessary to meet the maximum allowable arrow requirements for the intended use. , in particular the transport of low, medium and high voltage power lines.
- This pole can be pigmented to the color the user understands through a "bath" of composite material that gives it a smooth and colorful texture.
- This pole is fully recyclable.
- This invention solves the problems related to the placement of supports in hard to reach areas, as their low weight and modular (wired) mounting facilitate their transport, reducing the damage caused by modifications of the Medium and High Voltage lines. , as well as operations leading to its upright placement.
- This pole is made from a fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix (e.g. polypropylene) (e.g. glass), transformed using the technique of filament winding, or pultrusion.
- a fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix e.g. polypropylene
- glass e.g. glass
- the amount and degree of winding of the fibers varies according to the use of the backing. For structural poles for urban equipment and luminaire support for public or private lighting, a lighter winding will suffice for a 6m high pole, for example, a larger amount is already needed for eg the production of a 25m pole subject to "head" efforts.
- the support may be surrounded by flame retardant materials.
- the present technology allows for the manufacture of easily transportable poles using less "heavy" technical means than are currently required to carry conventional poles on the market.
- Thermoplastic matrix prepregs employed in the manufacture of composite material posts have the great advantage over other more traditionally employed materials in that they exhibit greater mechanical strength associated with low weight. Thus it is possible to use this technology in the transport of airlines, support of towers wind, lighting and urban equipment, without restriction of placement.
- the low weight allows transport and flying without special technical means, thus facilitating their placement in hard to reach areas.
- the possibility of incorporating pigmentation during manufacture also allows easy coloring according to the user's preferences.
- the use of thermoplastic dies also makes the support fully recyclable.
- the pole which can be divided into sections of adequate length, allows easy transport without special vehicles. Fire protection, when required, can be achieved by using intumescent inks or by involving the backing with fireproof materials. This technology allows the lifting of supports at any time, thus covering all types of supports or towers used in existing or future technologies, which need or will need support for support.
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Abstract
Description
DESCRIÇÃO DESCRIPTION
POSTE EM COMPÓSITO DE MATRIZ TERMOPLÁSTICA THERMOPLASTIC MATRIX COMPOSITE POST
Domínio técnico da invenção Technical field of the invention
A presente invenção diz respeito a um apoio (poste) em material compósito de matriz termoplástica capaz de ser montado por tramos (troços), .onde se podem acoplar travessas para transporte de linhas aéreas, luminárias para utilização na iluminação pública, sinalização e suporte de linhas telefónicas ou outros equipamentos urbanos ou eléctricos. Estes postes podem ainda suportar painéis foto voltaicos, permitindo uma auto-alimentação quando destinados à Iluminação Pública. The present invention relates to a thermoplastic matrix composite pole (pole) capable of being mounted by sections, which can be fitted with overhead lines, lighting fixtures and signaling support. telephone lines or other urban or electrical equipment. These poles can also support photovoltaic panels, allowing a self-feeding when intended for street lighting.
Antecedentes da Invenção Background of the Invention
A presente invenção dá resposta à necessidade de um apoio (poste) em material compósito para acoplamento de travessas para transporte de linhas aéreas, luminárias para iluminação pública, sinalização e suporte de linhas telefónicas ou outros equipamentos urbanos ou eléctricos. The present invention addresses the need for a composite post support for overhead line transport, overhead lighting, signaling and support for telephone lines or other urban or electrical equipment.
Trata-se de um produto leve, resistente ao fogo, reciclável, facilmente produzido em série, cumprindo as normas que estipulam, nomeadamente, as flechas máximas permitidas no transporte de linhas aéreas (normas internacionais em vigor para o transporte de linhas de Média, Alta Tensão e Muito Alta Tensão) bem como todos os restantes critérios de resistência mecânica, nomeadamente a capacidade de suportar ventos superiores a 190 km/hora. É ainda não condutor de energia eléctrica, pode adquirir várias cores por pigmentação e pode servir de suporte a diversos equipamentos urbanos, tais como luminárias, sinalização, linhas de comunicações e outros equipamentos que necessitem de ser apoiados acima do solo. As tecnologias existentes para este tipo de utilização baseiam- se em soluções tradicionais usando barras metálicas reticuladas, betão armado, ou madeira tratada com produtos químicos que libertam substâncias cancerígenas. Existem também soluções em compósito baseadas nas tradicionais matrizes termoendurecíveis . Na solução aqui apresentada substituem-se os termoendurecíveis por termoplásticos, utilizando-se compósito em matriz termoplástica, nomeadamente pré-impregnado " towpreg" (mechas de fibras contínuas impregnadas com polímero termoplástico em pó) ou outra alternativa disponível comercialmente como Twintex™ de fibras entretecidas ou unidas, e usa-se um método de fabrico capaz de conferir características únicas de resistência e peso. A presente tecnologia inovadora permite fabricar por enrolamento filamentar, em série, a partir dos compósitos de matriz termoplástica, postes com. geometria cilíndrica ou cónica. Aqui, deve entender-se a designação de forma cilíndrica ou cónica em sentido lato. It is a lightweight, fire-resistant, recyclable product, easily produced in series, complying with the standards that stipulate, in particular, the maximum allowable arrows for the carriage of airlines. Tension and Very High Tension) as well as all other mechanical strength criteria, including the ability to withstand winds exceeding 190 km / hour. It is still not a conductor of electricity, can acquire various colors by pigmentation and can support various urban equipment, such as lamps, signage, communication lines and other equipment that need to be supported above ground. Existing technologies for this type of use are based on traditional solutions using cross-linked metal bars, reinforced concrete, or wood treated with chemicals that release carcinogens. There are also composite solutions based on traditional thermosetting matrices. Thermoplastics are replaced in the solution herein by thermoplastics using thermoplastic matrix composite, namely towpreg prepregs or other commercially available Twintex ™ interwoven fibers or joined together, and a manufacturing method capable of imparting unique strength and weight characteristics is used. The present innovative technology makes it possible to manufacture by filament winding, in series, from thermoplastic matrix composites, poles with. cylindrical or conical geometry. Here, the term cylindrical or conical in broad sense is to be understood.
As principais vantagens relativamente ao betão e ao metal relacionam-se com o seu baixo peso (cerca de 10 vezes inferior ao betão) , possibilidade de montagem por tramos, menores espaços ocupado pela base, facilidade de arvoramento e transporte e maior resistência mecânica específica (cerca de 10 vezes superior ao aço) e a não condução de electricidade, eliminando o risco de morte por electrocussão. Os postes são recicláveis e no seu fabrico não são libertados voláteis potencialmente prejudiciais à saúde humana. The main advantages over concrete and metal are its low weight (about 10 times lower than concrete), the possibility of mounting by sections, smaller footprint, ease of lifting and transport and greater specific mechanical strength ( 10 times higher than steel) and non-conduction of electricity, eliminating the risk of death by electrocution. The poles are recyclable and in their manufacture are not released volatiles potentially harmful to human health.
Os postes de betão não se podem colocar em terrenos muito acidentados devido a dificuldades de transporte. Alternativamente, a nova tecnologia aqui apresentada permite o transporte do poste sem recurso a maquinaria "pesada" de elevada tonelagem, devido ao seu baixo peso. A tecnologia apresenta ainda um produto de menor custo, após montagem, que as outras tecnologias clássicas. As matrizes termoplásticas são totalmente recicláveis enquanto as matrizes termoendureciveis não permitem reciclagem. Concrete poles cannot be placed on very rough terrain due to transport difficulties. Alternatively, the new technology presented here allows the pole to be transported without the use of "heavy" high tonnage machinery due to its low weight. The technology also has a lower cost product after assembly than the other classic technologies. Thermoplastic matrices are totally recyclable while thermosetting dies do not allow recycling.
O documento US5749198 divulga uma técnica de construção por pultrusâo, de apoios com matrizes termoendureciveis enquanto a presente invenção apresenta matrizes termoplásticas, recicláveis, por técnica de enrolamento filamentar, usando um compósito inovador, fabricado a partir de mechas de fibras de reforço (por exemplo, de vidro) impregnadas com uma matriz termoplástica (por exemplo, polipropileno) . O apoio assim produzido é facilmente reciclável, pode ser produzido em série e tem uma grande resistência mecânica especifica. US5749198 discloses a pultrusion construction technique of thermosetting dies while the present invention discloses thermoplastic dies recyclable by filament winding using an innovative composite manufactured from reinforcing fiber wicks (e.g. glass) impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix (eg polypropylene). The support thus produced is easily recyclable, can be produced in series and has a high specific mechanical strength.
O documento US 4769967 divulga um poste plástico produzido por enrolamento filamentar usando uma matriz termoendurecivel a embeber as fibras embebidas, enquanto a presente invenção apresenta um poste produzido usando um termoplástico como matriz, que por ser totalmente reciclável permite a eliminação de resíduos poluentes. US 4769967 discloses a plastic pole produced by filament winding using a thermosetting matrix to soak the embedded fibers, while the present invention discloses a pole produced using a thermoplastic as a matrix, which being totally recyclable allows the elimination of polluting residues.
0 documento US 4803819 divulga um poste com uso de compósito termoendurecivel, enquanto a presente invenção apresenta um poste com recurso a um compósito termoplástico. O documento US 6286281 divulga um poste produzido por pultrusâo usando uma matriz termoendurecivel, enquanto que a presente invenção apresenta um poste produzido por enrolamento filamentar utilizando um termoplástico como matriz, o que permite uma melhor rigidez, maior produção em série e total reciclagem. O compósito usado nesta invenção tanto permite o uso da técnica de produção por pultrusâo como por enrolamento filamentar sendo, no entanto, a sua principal vantagem o facto de ser totalmente reciclável, podendo reaproveitar-se a totalidade do material usado na sua produção na mesma ou noutras indústrias, em produtos secundários. O documento WO 2007/018962 divulga uma técnica de fabrico de postes em compósito termoendurecivel por pultrusão e em partes, que dão origem ao poste final por encaixe, enquanto a presente invenção apresenta um poste fabricado pela técnica de enrolamento filamentar, usando matrizes termoplásticas, o que permite uma produção em série, mais económica e a utilização de materiais totalmente reciclável. US 4803819 discloses a post using a thermosetting composite, while the present invention provides a post using a thermoplastic composite. US 6,286,281 discloses a pultrusion post using a thermosetting die, while the present invention discloses a filament winding post using a thermoplastic as a die, which allows for better stiffness, increased serial production and total recycling. The composite used in this invention allows both the pultrusion and filament winding production techniques to be used, but its main advantage is that it is fully recyclable and that all the material used in its production can be reused or recycled. in other industries, by-products. WO 2007/018962 discloses a technique for manufacturing pultrusion thermosetting composite posts and parts which give rise to the snap-on post, while the present invention provides a post manufactured by the filament winding technique using thermoplastic dies. which enables more economical serial production and the use of fully recyclable materials.
Descrição das Figuras Description of the Figures
Figura 1: . Apoio (poste) em material compósito de matriz termoplástica obtido por transformação de compósito em matriz termoplástica, por enrolamento filamentar (1) envolvido por um material ignifugo, quando exposto a risco de incêndio continuado (por exemplo, lã de rocha) (2) , suportado exteriormente por uma película metálica (se necessário) (3) . Se o apoio for de comprimento elevado e tiver de resistir a cargas particularmente severas, pode ser fabricado em duas camadas de material compósito, uma camada interior, liner, produzida por pultrusão ou por enrolamento filamentar, a qual pode ainda ser reforçada por sucessivas camadas em material compósito por utilização da técnica de enrolamento filamentar. Pode também ser utilizada uma construção do tipo "sanduíche" (4). Ao longo do apoio são colocados degraus, posicionados por cintas circulares construídas no mesmo material compósito, com saliências, que se ajustam à forma cónica do apoio (para apoios estruturais de transporte de energia eléctrica) (5) de forma a permitir o seu fácil escalonamento por pessoal autorizado. A base do apoio pode ser envolvida por detectores de incêndio (6) que ligados ao transmissor, colocado no topo (7) emitirão avisos de fogo iminente. O apoio pode ser produzido em várias partes (troços) que deverão ser acoplados entre si (8) e (9) . O topo do apoio é fechado por tampa em compósito amovível (10) de forma a permitir a colocação de aparelhos de corte e seccionamento ou outros que o utilizador entenda. Do topo à base, é colocado um fio terra (11) que termina num eléctrodo de terra a dimensionar de acordo com o Regulamento de Segurança em vigor. O poste terá de ter uma abertura de acordo com o regulamento em vigor do Distribuidor de energia local, para seu acesso exclusivo (12) . As travessas para suporte das linhas aéreas, são construídas no mesmo material compósito, por encaixe circular. Nas extremidades das travessas é colocado uma caixa no mesmo material compósito para amarração das linhas condutoras de energia. Dentro dessa caixa, é colocado um dispositivo de corte electrónico, comandado à distância por ondas rádio (em lato senso) ou a partir da base do poste (16) , de forma a evitar a subida ao poste sempre que se necessite de isolar algum troço de linha. O dispositivo, sempre que detecte falta de tensão, transmite um sinal rádio, via GPRS com a informação do apoio em que se detectou o corte de tensão na linha . Figure 1: . Support (pole) in thermoplastic matrix composite material obtained by transformation of composite into thermoplastic matrix by filamentary winding (1) surrounded by a flame retardant material when exposed to the risk of continued fire (eg rockwool) (2), externally supported by a metal foil (if necessary) (3). If the support is of long length and has to withstand particularly severe loads, it can be made of two layers of composite material, an inner layer, liner, produced by pultrusion or filament winding, which can be further reinforced by successive layers in composite material using the filament winding technique. A "sandwich" type construction (4) may also be used. Steps are placed along the support, positioned by circular belts made of the same composite material, with protrusions, which adjust to the conical shape of the support (for structural supports of electric power transport) (5) to allow its easy scaling. by authorized personnel. The base of the support may be surrounded by fire detectors (6) which connected to the transmitter, placed on top (7) will give warning of imminent fire. The support can be produced in several parts (sections) which must be coupled to each other (8) and (9). The top of the support is closed by a removable composite lid (10) to allow the placement of cutting and sectioning devices or others that the user understands. From top to bottom, a ground wire (11) terminating at a ground electrode sized according to Safety Regulations in force. The pole must have an opening in accordance with the local Power Distributor regulations in force for its exclusive access (12). The overhead support sleepers are made of the same composite material by a circular fit. At the ends of the sleepers a box is placed in the same composite material to tie the power lines. Inside this box an electronic cutting device is controlled remotely by radio waves (in a broad sense) or from the base of the post (16), so as to avoid climbing the post whenever any section is to be isolated. of line. The device, whenever it detects a lack of voltage, transmits a radio signal, via GPRS, with the information of the support where the voltage cut in the line was detected.
Figura 2: Corte transversal do apoio. Circunferência em material compósito (17) dimensionada de acordo com os esforços a que o apoio venha a estar sujeito. Camada de material ignífugo (18) que envolve o compósito, de forma a permitir o isolamento térmico do apoio. Moldura metálica fina (19) que suporta o material ignífugo. Espuma rígida (20) para aumentar a rigidez do apoio de forma a garantir a flecha máxima que lhe venha a ser exigida. Condutor para antena de transmissão de dados (21) ou fio terra para aparelho de pára-raios. Figure 2: Cross section of the support. Composite material circumference (17) dimensioned according to the stresses to which the support will be subjected. Flame retardant layer (18) surrounding the composite to allow thermal insulation of the backing. Thin metal frame (19) supporting the flame retardant material. Rigid foam (20) to increase the rigidity of the support to ensure the maximum arrow required. Data transmission antenna conductor (21) or lightning conductor ground wire.
Figura 3: Produto misto, com poste em aço de secção reduzida (22) em relação ao original homologado envolvido pelo compósito de matriz termoplástica (23) . Figure 3: Mixed product with reduced section steel pole (22) compared to the approved original enclosed by the thermoplastic matrix composite (23).
Figura 4: Pormenor do círculo em compósito de modo a construir a escadaria ( 5) . Figure 4: Detail of the composite circle to construct the staircase (5).
Figura 5: Pormenor das travessas (13) para suporte das linhas aéreas, que são construídas no mesmo material compósito, por encaixe circular. Nas extremidades das travessas é colocado uma caixa (14) no mesmo material compósito para amarração das linhas condutoras de energia. Figure 5: Detail of the overhead support crosspieces (13), which are constructed of the same composite material by circular engagement. At the ends of the sleepers a housing (14) in the same composite material for lashing the power lines.
Figura 6: Poste para iluminação pública com Apoio (poste) em material compósito de matriz termoplástica por enrolamento filamentar (1), um fio terra (11) que termina num eléctrodo de terra, abertura de acordo com o regulamento em vigor do Distribuidor de energia local, para seu acesso exclusivo (12) , e travessas para suporte das linhas aéreas ( 13 ) . Figure 6: Streetlight pole with Filament Winding Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Post (1), a ground wire (11) terminating at a ground electrode, opening in accordance with current Power Distributor regulations for their exclusive access (12), and overhead support sleepers (13).
Descrição da invenção Description of the invention
A presente invenção consiste numa tecnologia de postes estruturais, com qualquer geometria (cilíndrica, cónica, octogonal ou pa alelepípedo ou outra forma com que o utilizador o deseje fabricar) , fabricados a partir de um compósito de matriz termoplástica, por enrolamento filamentar ou por pultrusâo, dependendo da secção do poste, ser ou não uniforme . A utilização de um mandril para da a forma ao poste pode ser substituída pela utilização de um cilindro ou cone de aço ou outro material rígido, mesmo em compósito, que será reforçado pelo processo de enrolamento filamentar . The present invention is a structural pole technology of any geometry (cylindrical, conical, octagonal or parallelepiped or any other form that the user wishes to manufacture) manufactured from a thermoplastic matrix composite by filament winding or pultrusion. depending on the pole section whether or not it is uniform. The use of an arbor to shape the post may be replaced by the use of a steel cylinder or cone or other rigid material, even composite, which will be reinforced by the filament winding process.
Se o poste estiver exposto a risco de incêndio prevê-se a utilização de pinturas intumescentes, o seu envolvimento pelo exterior com camadas de lã de rocha ou outro material resistente ao fogo . If the post is exposed to fire hazards, intumescent paints are envisaged, their exterior wrapped with layers of rock wool or other fire resistant material.
Para que os postes de grandes dimensões possam ser facilmente transportáveis e manobráveis estes podem ser construídos em troços de pequenas dimensões acopláveis uns aos outros nas extremidades através de parafusos, encaixe ou outros meios simples . Em alternativa os diferentes troços podem ainda ser ligados por moldação manual, de forma a realizar uma soldadura estrutural . A tecnologia desenvolvida é composta essencialmente por: So that the large posts can be easily transported and maneuverable they can be constructed in small sections that can be coupled to each other at the ends by screws, snap or other simple means. Alternatively, the different sections may be further joined by hand molding in order to perform structural welding. The technology developed consists essentially of:
-um cilindro ou tronco de cone com geometria octogonal lisa ou outra forma pretendida pelo utilizador (1), em material termoplástico reforçado com fibras, produzido com utilização da tecnologia de enrolamento filamentar, ou pultrusão. Para algumas combinações de esforço/altura do poste esta solução é suficiente. Quando a altura do poste for elevada e/ou os esforços importantes, pode ser necessário aumentar a rigidez do poste através de uma construção tipo 'sanduíche' . Neste último caso, são produzidos dois cilindros ou troncos de cone lisos ou octogonais, com dois diâmetros diferentes de modo a permitirem a existência de uma folga entre eles quando colocados num mesmo eixo, sendo a folga preenchida posteriormente por uma espuma expansível (por exemplo poliuretano) ; - O poste pode ser envolvido por uma camada de um material ignífugo (por exemplo lã de rocha (2)), ou pintado com tintas intumescentes, que o protegerão contra temperaturas muito elevadas; -a cylinder or cone trunk of smooth octagonal geometry or other shape desired by the user (1), made from fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material, produced using filament winding or pultrusion technology. For some pole effort / height combinations this solution is sufficient. When the pole height is high and / or the stresses are significant, it may be necessary to increase the stiffness of the pole through a sandwich construction. In the latter case two plain or octagonal cone cylinders or trunks of two different diameters are produced to provide a gap between them when placed on the same axis, the gap being subsequently filled by an expandable foam (eg polyurethane). ); - The pole may be surrounded by a layer of fireproof material (eg rockwool (2)), or painted with swelling paints, which will protect it from very high temperatures;
-durante o processo produtivo do apoio para transporte de energia eléctrica (poste) , são colocados como insertos pequenos degraus de forma a possibilitar a sua escalada por parte de pessoal autorizado (5) . Poder-se-á prever a fixação para detectores de incêndio (6) e respectivas antenas emissoras (7) ; - During the production process of the support for the transport of electricity (pole), small steps are placed as inserts to enable it to be climbed by authorized personnel (5). Mounting may be provided for fire detectors (6) and their transmitting antennas (7);
-o topo do apoio é fechado (10), por tampa amovível, de modo a possibilitar a colocação de equipamento de suporte de linhas, ou outros equipamentos de seccionamento, de iluminação ou urbanos, de sinalização e outros equipamentos que o utilizador entenda; -the top of the support is closed (10) by a removable lid to enable the placement of line support equipment, or other sectioning, lighting or urban signaling equipment and other equipment which the user understands;
-nas extremidades das travessas é colocada uma caixa (14) com um dispositivo electrónico, comandado à distância via rádio ou a partir da base do apoio (21), que funciona como seccionador/interruptor, de forma a cortar a energia entra linha a montante e a jusante do apoio. -um fio terra interior, de modo a assegurar as descargas eléctricas ( 11 ) - At the ends of the sleepers a box (14) is placed with an electronic device, remotely controlled by radio or from the base of the support (21), which acts as a disconnector / switch, in order to cut the power between the upstream line. and downstream of the support. -an inner ground wire to ensure electrical discharges (11)
-uma abertura e respectiva portinhola de acesso ao interior (12) para permitir a passagem de fios condutores, pelo apoio de modo a este poder ser electrificado, quando o utilizador assim o necessitar, podendo esta abertura ser substituída por uma caixa enterrada no solo junto ao poste, de forma a permitir o acesso à sua electrificação; -an opening and its interior access hatch (12) to allow the conductor wires to pass through the support so that it can be electrified when the user so requires, and this opening may be replaced by a box buried in the ground next to it. to the pole in order to allow access to its electrification;
- Para os postes de estrutura reduzida ou quando o objectivo único for o isolamento ou a cor, poder-se-á utilizar os actuais postes homologados em aço, envolvendo-os exteriormente por camadas de compósito de matriz termoplástica por utilização da técnica de enrolamento filamentar; - For posts with reduced structure or where the sole purpose is insulation or color, the current approved steel posts may be used, wrapping them externally by thermoplastic matrix composite layers using the filament winding technique. ;
Encaixes para travessas tipo "GAN", "TAN", esteira horizontal ou vertical, de forma a possibilitar o transporte de linhas condutoras, para postes de grande dimensão destinados ao transporte de energia eléctrica (13) . "GAN", "TAN" type cross-member fittings, horizontal or vertical conveyor, to enable the carriage of conductors to large power poles (13).
Estas travessas podem ser do mesmo material compósito utilizado na fabricação do poste e obedecerão às normas regulamentares para o transporte de linhas aéreas de energia eléctrica, aprovadas pela entidade reguladora do sector e do Distribuidor local, se aplicável. These sleepers may be of the same composite material used in the manufacture of the pole and shall comply with the regulatory rules for the transmission of overhead power lines, approved by the sector regulator and local Distributor, if applicable.
As principais utilizações destes postes inovadores são o transporte de linhas aéreas eléctricas e o suporte de luminárias, equipamento urbano e suporte de aerogeradores. The main uses of these innovative poles are the transport of electric overhead lines and the support of luminaires, urban equipment and support of wind turbines.
Se o poste for fabricado utilizando uma construção tipo "sanduíche" pode o seu núcleo ser constituído por espuma expansível (4) de forma a conceder ao apoio a rigidez necessária ao cumprimento de requisitos de flecha máxima permitida para a utilização a que venha a estar sujeito, nomeadamente o transporte de linhas eléctricas de Baixa, Média e Alta Tensão. Este poste pode ser pigmentado à cor que o utilizador entenda, através de um "banho" de material compósito que lhe confira uma textura lisa e colorida. If the post is constructed using a sandwich construction, its core may be made of expandable foam (4) to provide the support with the rigidity necessary to meet the maximum allowable arrow requirements for the intended use. , in particular the transport of low, medium and high voltage power lines. This pole can be pigmented to the color the user understands through a "bath" of composite material that gives it a smooth and colorful texture.
Este poste é totalmente reciclável. This pole is fully recyclable.
Esta invenção resolve os problemas relacionados com a colocação de apoios em zonas de difícil acesso, uma vez que o seu baixo peso e montagem modular (por trames) facilitam o seu transporte, reduzem os prejuízos causados com as modificações das linhas de Média e Alta Tensão, bem como as operações conducentes à sua colocação na vertical. This invention solves the problems related to the placement of supports in hard to reach areas, as their low weight and modular (wired) mounting facilitate their transport, reducing the damage caused by modifications of the Medium and High Voltage lines. , as well as operations leading to its upright placement.
Resolve ainda o problema de risco por electrocussão dado o poste ser fabricado por material totalmente isolante. It also solves the electrocution risk problem as the pole is made of fully insulating material.
Resolve igualmente o problema da durabilidade da cor do poste, dado que as actuais tecnologias de betão e aço necessitam de pintura exterior para tomarem a cor que o utilizador deseje, sendo que o aço galvanizado não permite que a tinta adira à estrutura e o betão tem uma taxa de absorção da tinta elevada que faz com que a mesma desapareça ao fim de pouco tempo, necessitando assim de uma manutenção elevada. It also solves the problem of the pole's color durability, as current concrete and steel technologies require exterior painting to take on the color you desire, with galvanized steel not allowing paint to adhere to the structure and concrete having to a high ink absorption rate that causes ink to disappear after a short time, thus requiring high maintenance.
Resolve ainda o problema de Trabalhos em Tensão, ou na Proximidade de Tensão, dado o dispositivo de corte electrónico por comando à distância. It also solves the problem of Tension Work or Tension Proximity, given the electronic remote control cutting device.
Resolve ainda o problema de detecção de avarias, dado que dispõe de avisos electrónicos identificadores do corte de tensão entre as linhas a montante e jusante que o poste suporta. A altura deste cilindro pode variar de acordo com a utilização pretendida, desde equipamentos urbanos até torres para aerogeradores ou outros mecanismos que necessitem de elevação com suporte. Método de Fabrico It also solves the problem of fault finding as it has electronic warnings identifying the voltage cut-off between the upstream and downstream lines the pole supports. The height of this cylinder may vary depending on the intended use, from urban equipment to wind turbine towers or other mechanisms that require supported lifting. Manufacturing Method
Este poste é fabricado a partir de uma matriz termoplástica (por exemplo o polipropileno) reforçada com fibras (por exemplo de vidro) , transformada com a utilização da técnica de enrolamento filamentar, ou pultrusão. This pole is made from a fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix (e.g. polypropylene) (e.g. glass), transformed using the technique of filament winding, or pultrusion.
A quantidade e os graus de enrolamento das fibras variam de acordo com a utilização que o apoio venha a ter. Para postes estruturais destinados a equipamento urbano e suporte de luminárias, destinados à iluminação pública ou privada, um enrolamento mais ligeiro será suficiente para um poste com a altura de 6m, por exemplo, sendo já necessário maior quantidade para, por exemplo, a produção de um poste de 25m sujeito a esforços "à cabeça". The amount and degree of winding of the fibers varies according to the use of the backing. For structural poles for urban equipment and luminaire support for public or private lighting, a lighter winding will suffice for a 6m high pole, for example, a larger amount is already needed for eg the production of a 25m pole subject to "head" efforts.
Para postes estruturais destinados ao transporte de energia eléctrica o grau e a quantidade varia igualmente de acordo com os esforços a que o apoio venha a estar sujeito. For structural poles intended for the transport of electricity the degree and quantity also vary according to the efforts to which the support may be subjected.
Para postes especiais sujeitos a elevado risco de incêndio, o apoio pode ser envolvido por materiais ignífugos. For special poles subject to a high risk of fire, the support may be surrounded by flame retardant materials.
Vantagens da invenção Advantages of the invention
A presente tecnologia permite o fabrico de postes que podem facilmente ser transportados, com recurso a meios técnicosmenos "pesados" do que os actualmente necessários para carregar os postes convencionais existentes no mercado. - The present technology allows for the manufacture of easily transportable poles using less "heavy" technical means than are currently required to carry conventional poles on the market. -
Os pré-impregnados de matriz termoplástica empregues no fabrico dos postes em material compósito apresentam, como grande vantagem, relativamente a outros materiais mais tradicionalmente empregues, o facto de apresentarem maior resistência mecânica associada a um baixo peso. Assim, é possível utilizar esta tecnologia no transporte de linhas aéreas, suporte de torres eólicas, iluminação e equipamentos urbanos, sem restrição dos locais de colocação. Thermoplastic matrix prepregs employed in the manufacture of composite material posts have the great advantage over other more traditionally employed materials in that they exhibit greater mechanical strength associated with low weight. Thus it is possible to use this technology in the transport of airlines, support of towers wind, lighting and urban equipment, without restriction of placement.
Como a geometria dos postes os torna iso-resistentes, não sendo necessário montá-los com orientação preferencial tendo em atenção a direcção das linhas de tensão, esta tecnologia evita as modificações a montante e a jusante do apoio quando este tiver que ser deslocado do seu local de origem. As the geometry of the poles makes them iso-resistant and it is not necessary to assemble them with preferential orientation taking into account the direction of the tension lines, this technology avoids upstream and downstream modifications of the support when it has to be moved from its support. place of origin.
O baixo peso permite o transporte e arvoramento sem recurso a meios técnicos especiais facilitando assim a respectiva colocação em zonas de difícil acesso. A possibilidade de incorporação de pigmentação durante o fabrico também permite uma fácil coloração, de acordo com as preferências do utilizador. A utilização de matrizes termoplásticas torna ainda o apoio totalmente reciclável. 0 poste, por poder ser dividido em troços de comprimento adequado, permite um transporte fácil e sem recurso a veículos especiais. A protecção anti-fogo, quando necessária, pode ser conseguida com recurso a tintas intumescentes ou a envolvendo o apoio com materiais ignífugos. Esta tecnologia permite o arvoramento de apoios de qualquer altura, abrangendo assim todo o tipo de apoios ou torres de suporte usadas em tecnologias existentes ou futuras, que necessitem ou venham a necessitar de apoios para sustentação. The low weight allows transport and flying without special technical means, thus facilitating their placement in hard to reach areas. The possibility of incorporating pigmentation during manufacture also allows easy coloring according to the user's preferences. The use of thermoplastic dies also makes the support fully recyclable. The pole, which can be divided into sections of adequate length, allows easy transport without special vehicles. Fire protection, when required, can be achieved by using intumescent inks or by involving the backing with fireproof materials. This technology allows the lifting of supports at any time, thus covering all types of supports or towers used in existing or future technologies, which need or will need support for support.
Existe, ainda, a vantagem de poder adquirir diversas formas dado o compósito poder adquirir secções diferentes através da utilização de mandris com geometrias diferentes e de fácil execução no enrolamento filamentar. There is also the advantage of being able to acquire various shapes as the composite can acquire different sections through the use of mandrels with different geometries and easy to perform in filament winding.
Quando a construção se faz por incorporação de apoios noutro material rígido, tal como aço, no seu interior, é possível utilizar apoios homologados em aço, com secção reduzida em relação ao original em utilização sem esta invenção, tendo ainda as vantagens adicionais de estar envolvido por material When the construction is made by incorporating supports in another rigid material, such as steel, inside, it is possible to use approved steel supports, with reduced cross section compared to the original one in use without this invention, having also the additional advantages of being involved. by material
Π compósito de forma a eliminar o risco de electrocussão e conferir cores permanentes. ¡ composite to eliminate the risk of electrocution and to give permanent color.
Lisboa, 18 de Dezembro de 2009. Lisbon, 18th December 2009.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT10430108A PT104301A (en) | 2008-12-20 | 2008-12-20 | INTELLIGENT POSTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF THERMOPLASTIC OR THERMOENDANTIBLE MATRIX |
| PT104301 | 2008-12-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010071466A1 true WO2010071466A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
Family
ID=42046407
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PT2009/000078 Ceased WO2010071466A1 (en) | 2008-12-20 | 2009-12-21 | Pole in thermoplastic matrix composite |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| PT (1) | PT104301A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010071466A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021055182A1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-25 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Improved fire resistant composite pole |
| WO2022076184A1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Improved distribution pole and method of fireproof distribution pole installation |
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| US5549947A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1996-08-27 | Composite Development Corporation | Composite shaft structure and manufacture |
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- 2008-12-20 PT PT10430108A patent/PT104301A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3429758A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1969-02-25 | Edwin C Young | Method of making filament wound structural columns |
| US4769967A (en) | 1985-05-28 | 1988-09-13 | Manufacture D'appareillage Electrique De Cahors | Pole of plastic material, in particular for supporting electric power transmission lines |
| US5749198A (en) | 1986-04-07 | 1998-05-12 | Ebert Composites Corporation | Tapered composite elevated support structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021055182A1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-25 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Improved fire resistant composite pole |
| US11879258B2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2024-01-23 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Fire resistant composite pole |
| US12459215B2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2025-11-04 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Fire resistant composite pole |
| WO2022076184A1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Improved distribution pole and method of fireproof distribution pole installation |
| US20220111237A1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Distribution pole and method of fireproof distribution pole installation |
| US12370391B2 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2025-07-29 | Valmont Industries, Inc. | Distribution pole and method of fireproof distribution pole installation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT104301A (en) | 2011-07-04 |
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