WO2010064731A1 - 焼結鉱の製造方法および焼結機 - Google Patents
焼結鉱の製造方法および焼結機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010064731A1 WO2010064731A1 PCT/JP2009/070636 JP2009070636W WO2010064731A1 WO 2010064731 A1 WO2010064731 A1 WO 2010064731A1 JP 2009070636 W JP2009070636 W JP 2009070636W WO 2010064731 A1 WO2010064731 A1 WO 2010064731A1
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- liquid fuel
- layer
- sintered
- combustion
- charging layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
- C22B1/205—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates regulation of the sintering process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B19/00—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B21/00—Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction
- F27B21/02—Sintering grates or tables
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B21/00—Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction
- F27B21/06—Endless-strand sintering machines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing sintered ore and a sintering machine for producing sintered ore.
- Sintered ore which is the main raw material of the blast furnace ironmaking method, is generally manufactured through a process as shown in FIG.
- the raw materials for sintered ore include iron ore powder, iron mill recovered powder, sintered ore sieving powder (returning), CaO-containing auxiliary raw materials such as limestone and dolomite, granulation aids such as quick lime, coke powder and anthracite It is. These raw materials are cut out from each of the plurality of hoppers 1 at a predetermined ratio on a conveyor.
- the cut out raw material is added with an appropriate amount of water by a drum mixer 2, a rotary kiln 3 and the like, mixed and granulated to obtain a sintered raw material which is a pseudo particle having an average diameter of 3.0 to 6.0 mm. .
- the sized coarse ore is cut out from the floor hopper 4 to form a floor layer on the great of the sintering machine pallet 8.
- the sintering raw material is charged on the floor layer on the endless moving type sintering machine pallet 8 through the drum feeder 6 and the cutting chute 7 from the surge hopper 5 arranged on the sintering machine, and sintered.
- the thickness (height) of the charging layer is usually around 400 to 800 mm.
- the ignition furnace 10 installed above the charging layer 9 ignites the carbonaceous material in the surface layer of the charging layer 9 and air through a wind box 11 disposed under the pallet 8. Is sucked downward to sequentially burn the carbonaceous material in the charging layer, and the sintered raw material is burned and melted by the combustion heat generated at this time to obtain a sintered cake.
- the sintered cake thus obtained is then crushed and sized, and recovered as a product sintered ore consisting of agglomerates of 5.0 mm or more.
- the ignition layer 10 is ignited by the ignition layer 10.
- the ignited charcoal in the charging layer continues to burn with a width by the air sucked from the upper layer part of the charging layer toward the lower layer part by the windbox, and the combustion zone gradually becomes lower as the pallet 8 moves. And forward (downstream).
- the moisture contained in the sintering raw material particles of the charging layer is vaporized by the heat generated by the combustion of the carbonaceous material, sucked downward, and the lower layer that has not yet risen in temperature is burned. Concentrate in the raw material to form a wet zone.
- moisture fills the gaps between the raw material particles, which are the flow paths of the suction gas, and the ventilation resistance is increased. Note that the melted portion necessary for the sintering reaction that occurs in the combustion zone is also a factor that increases the ventilation resistance.
- the production amount (t / hr) of the sintering machine is generally determined by the sintering production rate (t / hr ⁇ m 2 ) ⁇ sintering machine area (m 2 ). That is, the production volume of the sintering machine includes the machine width and length of the sintering machine, the thickness of the raw material deposition layer (charge layer thickness), the bulk density of the sintering raw material, the sintering (combustion) time, the yield, etc. It depends on.
- the air permeability (pressure loss) of the charging layer is improved to shorten the sintering time, or the cold strength of the sintered cake before crushing is increased. It is considered effective to improve the retention.
- FIG. 16 shows the charging layer when the front of the combustion zone moving in the charging layer having a thickness of 600 mm is located approximately 400 mm above the pallet of the charging layer (200 mm below the charging layer surface). This shows the pressure loss and temperature distribution. The pressure loss distribution at this time is about 60% in the wet zone and about 40% in the combustion / melt zone.
- FIG. 17 shows the temperature distribution in the charging layer at the time of high production and low production of sintered ore, that is, when the pallet moving speed is fast and slow. The time at which the raw material particles begin to melt is maintained at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher (hereinafter referred to as “high temperature region holding time”) is t 1 in the case of low production, and in the case of high production with an emphasis on productivity.
- high temperature region holding time is t 1 in the case of low production, and in the case of high production with an emphasis on productivity.
- high productivity because the moving speed of the pallet is fast, high temperature zone holding time t 2 is shorter than the t 1 when the low production.
- high temperature region holding time is shortened, firing is likely to be insufficient, the cold strength of the sintered ore is lowered, and the yield is lowered. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of high-strength sinter, increase the strength of the sintered cake, that is, the cold strength of the sinter, to maintain and improve the yield even during short-time sintering. It is necessary to take some measures to be able to.
- SI sin index
- TI umbler index
- FIG. 18A shows the progress of sintering in the charging layer on the sintering machine pallet
- FIG. 18B shows the temperature distribution (heat pattern) in the sintering process in the charging layer
- FIG. ) Shows the yield distribution of the sintered cake.
- the temperature of the upper portion of the charging layer is less likely to rise than the lower layer portion, and the high temperature region holding time is also shortened. Therefore, in the upper part of the charging layer, the combustion melting reaction (sintering reaction) becomes insufficient, and the strength of the sintered cake becomes low. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It is a factor that causes a decline in
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for injecting gaseous fuel onto a charging layer after ignition of the charging layer.
- gaseous fuel flammable gas
- LPG propane gas
- LNG natural gas
- a high concentration gas is used.
- the amount of the carbon material is not reduced when the combustible gas is blown, the inside of the sintered layer becomes a high temperature exceeding 1380 ° C. For this reason, this technique has not been able to enjoy sufficient cold strength improvement and yield improvement effects.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses a technique of adding a combustible gas to the air sucked into the charging layer after the charging layer is ignited. It is said that about 1 to 10 minutes of supply after ignition is preferable, but the surface layer immediately after ignition in the ignition furnace has red-hot sintered ore remaining, and depending on the supply method, combustible gas There is a high risk of fire due to combustion, and there are few specific descriptions, but there is no effect even if combustible gas is burned in a sintered sintered zone. Since the air permeability is deteriorated due to thermal expansion, the productivity tends to be reduced, and the amount of carbon material is not reduced when the combustible gas is blown. High temperature exceeding. For this reason, this technique has not been sufficiently put into practical use since it has not been able to enjoy a sufficient improvement in cold strength and yield improvement.
- Patent Document 3 a hood is disposed on the charging layer in order to make the inside of the charging layer of the sintering raw material high temperature, and a mixed gas with air and coke oven gas is passed through the hood immediately after the ignition furnace. It is disclosed to blow in position.
- this technique also has a high temperature exceeding 1380 ° C. in the combustion melting zone in the sintered layer, so that the effect of coke oven gas blowing cannot be enjoyed, and the combustible mixed gas is ignited in the upper space of the sintering bed. There is a risk of fire and is not put into practical use.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method in which a low-melting-point solvent, a carbon material, and a combustible gas are simultaneously blown at a position immediately after the ignition furnace.
- this method also has a high risk of fire in the upper space of the sintering bed because the flammable gas is blown in a state where a flame remains on the surface, and the width of the sintered band cannot be made sufficiently thick (about 15 mm). Therefore, the effect of inflammable gas blowing cannot be fully exhibited.
- excessive melting phenomenon is caused in the upper layer portion, and the pores that become air flow paths are blocked, resulting in deterioration of air permeability and reduction of productivity. This technology has not been put into practical use until now.
- any of the conventional techniques proposed so far has a serious problem in practical use, and development of a combustible gas blowing technique that can be implemented has been eagerly desired.
- the applicant supplies various gaseous fuels diluted below the lower combustion limit concentration from above the charging layer of the sintered raw material deposited on the pallet of the sintering machine in Patent Document 5. Then, it has been proposed to adjust either one or both of the maximum attained temperature and the high temperature region holding time in the charging layer by introducing it into the charging layer and burning it.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-18102 Japanese Patent Publication No.46-27126 JP-A-55-18585 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-311257 WO2007-052776
- the technique of the above-mentioned patent document 5 is a downward suction type sintering machine that supplies (introduces) gaseous fuel diluted to a predetermined concentration into the charging layer and burns it at a target position in the charging layer.
- a downward suction type sintering machine that supplies (introduces) gaseous fuel diluted to a predetermined concentration into the charging layer and burns it at a target position in the charging layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a sintered ore and a sintering machine.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a sintered ore having a charging step for forming a charging layer, an ignition step, a liquid fuel supply step for supplying the charging layer, and a sintering step.
- the charging step consists of charging a sintered raw material containing fine ore and carbonaceous material onto a circulating pallet to form a charging layer.
- the ignition process consists of igniting the carbon material formed and charged in an ignition furnace.
- the liquid fuel supply step consists of supplying liquid fuel atomized to a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less onto the charging layer after ignition.
- a sintering process consists of attracting
- the atomized liquid fuel has a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less and 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the atomized liquid fuel preferably has a concentration equal to or lower than the lower combustion limit concentration. More preferably, the concentration is 75% or less and 1% or more of the lower combustion limit concentration. Most preferably, the concentration is 25% or less and 4% or more of the lower combustion limit concentration.
- the liquid fuel supply step is preferably as follows.
- (A) Liquid fuel atomized to a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less is supplied onto the charging layer, and is supplied into the charging layer in a state of being diluted below the lower combustion limit concentration at room temperature.
- (B) The liquid fuel atomized to a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less is injected above the charging layer.
- (C) A liquid fuel is mixed with compressed gas, atomized, and injected onto the charging layer.
- the compressed gas is a gas mainly composed of at least one of flame retardant nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
- the liquid fuel is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of petroleum liquid fuel, alcohol liquid fuel, ether liquid fuel, and other hydrocarbon compounds liquid fuel.
- the petroleum liquid fuel is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of kerosene, light oil and heavy oil.
- the alcohol liquid fuel is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and diethyl alcohol.
- the other hydrocarbon-based compound liquid fuel is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, benzene and acetone.
- the liquid fuel is preferably supplied at any of the following positions.
- A) The atomized liquid fuel is supplied after the sintered cake is generated at the surface layer portion of the charging layer until the sintering is completed.
- B) Atomized liquid fuel is supplied in a region where the thickness of the combustion / melting zone is 15 mm or more.
- the present invention provides a pallet that circulates, a raw material supply device that charges a sintered raw material containing fine ore and carbonaceous material on the pallet to form a charging layer, and a sintered raw material on the pallet.
- An ignition furnace for igniting the carbonaceous material, a liquid fuel injection device provided on the downstream side of the ignition furnace for atomizing liquid fuel to a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less and injecting it above the charging layer, and below the pallet A sintering machine having a wind box for sucking air is provided.
- the liquid fuel injection device comprises a compressed gas supply source, a liquid fuel supply source, a compressed gas from the compressed gas supply source, and a liquid fuel from the liquid fuel supply source, and is atomized to mix the charge. And a spray mechanism for spraying horizontally on the layer.
- the compressed gas is preferably a gas containing at least one of nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor as a main component.
- the spray mechanism is formed on a transport pipe that is inclined downward toward the downstream side that transports the fluid mixture of the compressed gas and the liquid fuel, a communication pipe that is connected to the lower surface side of the transport pipe, and a lower surface of the communication pipe. It is preferable to have an injection nozzle having a downward slope toward the discharge port for injecting the liquid fuel in the horizontal direction.
- the liquid fuel injection device preferably has a preheating mechanism for preheating the liquid fuel so that the viscosity becomes optimum for atomization when the viscosity of the liquid fuel is high.
- the liquid fuel is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of petroleum liquid fuel, alcohol liquid fuel, ether liquid fuel, and other hydrocarbon compounds liquid fuel that are in a liquid state near normal temperature. .
- liquid fuel is atomized and supplied to a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less on the downstream side of the ignition furnace and above the charging layer. Since the gas is supplied in a diluted state below the lower combustion limit concentration at room temperature, liquid fuel is not combusted on the charging layer and is vaporized in the upper layer of the charging layer by suction of air by the wind box.
- the particle size of the atomized liquid fuel is preferably selected to be not more than 50 ⁇ m and not less than 20 ⁇ m, and by selecting the particle size to be not more than 50 ⁇ m, the atomized liquid fuel is allowed to enter the combustion / melting zone of the charging layer. Can be reliably introduced.
- the smaller the particle size of the atomized liquid fuel the better.
- the smaller the particle size the smaller the generated amount. Therefore, considering the generated amount necessary to extend the high temperature range retention time, select a particle size of 20 ⁇ m or more. It is preferable to do.
- the liquid fuel injection device that atomizes the liquid fuel and injects it in the horizontal direction above the charging layer is provided downstream of the ignition furnace.
- the sprayed atomized liquid fuel is uniformly dispersed on the charging layer, and the uniformly dispersed atomized liquid fuel is sucked into the charging layer through the wind box. Therefore, in the same way as when gas fuel is used after the liquid fuel is volatilized in the charge layer, combustion is controlled by controlling the supply position of the atomized liquid fuel, the maximum temperature reached during combustion, and the high temperature range retention time.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a sintering machine according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing the spray mechanism.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a spray mechanism arrangement of the liquid fuel injection device.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a liquid fuel mist injection state of the liquid fuel injection device.
- FIG. 6 is a system diagram showing a liquid fuel and compressed gas supply system of the liquid fuel injection device.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 showing a specific configuration of the liquid fuel injection device.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a sealing mechanism in the front-rear direction of the liquid fuel injection device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change in a combustion / melting zone in a test pan and a heat pattern due to liquid fuel injection.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram (photograph) showing changes in the combustion / melting zone in the test pan due to the liquid fuel injection.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of liquid fuel injection according to the present invention, (a) is a diagram illustrating a situation of a pan test, and (b) is a diagram schematically illustrating a phenomenon of the pan test. (C) is a figure which shows the point of combustion, (d) is a figure which shows the temperature in a layer.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a combustion state when the liquid fuel is blown according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a combustion state when the liquid fuel is blown according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an ignition situation when the liquid fuel is blown according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a conventional sintering process.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the pressure loss and temperature distribution in the sintered layer.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram comparing temperature distributions during high production and low production.
- FIG. 18 is a graph of temperature distribution and yield distribution in the sintering machine, where (a) shows the progress of sintering, (b) shows the temperature distribution, and (c) shows the yield distribution.
- Compressed gas supply source piping 32 ... Compressed gas supply source 33 ... Gas storage tank, 34 ... Compressor, 35 ... Receiver tank 36 ... Liquid Fuel supply source piping, 37 ... Fuel supply pump 38 ... Liquid fuel storage tank, 41 ... Wipre seal, 51 ... Baffle plate, 52 ... Baffle plate row
- the method for producing a sintered ore using the sintering machine of the present invention includes a charging process, an ignition process, a liquid fuel supply process, and a sintering process.
- the charging step is a step of charging a sintered raw material containing fine ore and carbonaceous material on a circulating pallet and forming a charging layer of the sintered raw material on the pallet
- the ignition step is a step of igniting the carbon material on the upper surface of the charging layer using an ignition furnace.
- the liquid fuel supply step is a step of injecting liquid fuel atomized to 100 ⁇ m or less from the liquid fuel injection device above the charging layer, and the sintering step is performed on a wind box disposed under the pallet.
- the atomized liquid fuel and air are sucked into the charging layer by suction force, and the atomized liquid gas fuel is combusted in the charging layer, and at the same time, by the air sucked into the charging layer.
- the carbonaceous material in the charging layer is burned, and the sintered raw material is sintered by the heat generated by the combustion to produce a sintered cake.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a sintering machine according to the present invention.
- Sintered raw materials such as coal and anthracite are cut out from a plurality of hoppers 1 onto a conveyor at a predetermined ratio, and the cut out raw materials are mixed and granulated by adding an appropriate amount of water using a drum mixer 2, rotary kiln 3, etc.
- the sintered raw material which is a pseudo particle having an average diameter of 6.0 mm is stored in the surge hopper 5.
- the lump ore adjusted to a predetermined particle size is cut out from the bedding hopper 4 to form a bedding layer on the grate of the sintering machine pallet 8.
- the sintered raw material is charged from the surge hopper 5 through the drum feeder 6 and the cutting chute 7 onto the floor layer on the endless moving type sintering machine pallet 8, and the charging layer 9, also called a sintering bed, is formed.
- the thickness (height) of the charging layer is usually around 400 to 800 mm.
- the ignition furnace 10 installed above the charging layer 9 ignites the carbonaceous material in the surface layer of the charging layer 9 and air through a wind box 11 disposed under the pallet 8. Is sucked downward to sequentially burn the carbonaceous material in the charging layer.
- a liquid fuel injection device 15 that atomizes the liquid fuel on the upper side of the charging layer 9 and injects it in a substantially horizontal direction is disposed downstream of the ignition furnace 10.
- One or more liquid fuel injection devices 15 are disposed downstream of the ignition furnace 10 and at any position in the pallet traveling direction in the process in which the combustion / melting zone proceeds in the charging layer 9.
- the supply of the liquid fuel mist to the inside is preferably performed at a position after ignition of the carbonaceous material in the charging layer 9.
- One or a plurality of liquid fuel injection devices 15 are disposed downstream of the ignition furnace 10 at any position after the combustion front has traveled below the surface layer. From the viewpoint of adjusting the cold strength, the size, position, and number of arrangements are determined as described later.
- the liquid fuel injection device 15 includes a hood 16 that covers an upper portion of the sintering machine pallet 8, and an opening 17 having a relatively large area is provided on the upper portion of the hood 16.
- a compressed air supply pipe 21 and a liquid fuel supply pipe 22 along the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 are disposed above the charging layer 9.
- a plurality of, for example, 9 sets, for example, are arranged in parallel with a predetermined interval in the width direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction.
- a spray mechanism 23 is disposed on the lower surface side of each compressed air supply pipe 21 and liquid fuel supply pipe 22 while maintaining a predetermined distance in the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8.
- the spray mechanisms 23 are arranged in a staggered manner in the transport direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 so that the spray mechanisms 23 adjacent in the width direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 do not face each other.
- the number of sets of the compressed air supply pipe 21 and the liquid fuel supply pipe 22 is not limited to nine, and it is preferable to arrange a plurality of three to 15 sets.
- each spray mechanism 23 includes a vertical pipe 24 connected to the lower surface of the compressed gas supply pipe 21, a mixing unit 25 formed at an intermediate portion of the vertical pipe 24, and the mixing unit. 25 and a lower surface of the liquid fuel supply pipe 22, and a branch injection section 27 that branches in a bifurcated manner in the width direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 disposed at the lower end of the vertical pipe 24. It is configured.
- the branch injection unit 27 includes two symmetrical injection nozzle units 28 a and 28 b with the vertical pipe 24 interposed therebetween. From these injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b, a liquid fuel mist 29 atomized into fine particles of, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less is injected in a substantially horizontal direction.
- the reason why the particle size of the liquid fuel mist 29 is set to 100 ⁇ m or less is that when the particle size exceeds 100 ⁇ m, a portion remaining in the surface layer portion of the charging layer 9 is generated and starts to burn in the surface layer portion. In addition, it does not contribute to the extension of the high temperature region holding time of the upper layer and the middle layer, which is insufficient in combustion in the charging layer 9, and is wasted.
- the particle size of the liquid fuel mist 29 is preferably as small as possible, but since the generation amount decreases as the particle size is decreased, the particle size of the liquid fuel mist 29 is preferably selected as 50 ⁇ m or less and 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size of the liquid mist 29 is 50 ⁇ m or less, the combustion above the charging layer 9 and in the surface layer portion is suppressed, and the liquid mist 29 passes through a crack portion in the sintered cake formed on the surface layer or is sintered. It vaporizes once in the cake, passes through the sintered cake in a gas state, reaches the combustion / melting zone, and burns.
- the particle size is less than 20 ⁇ m, the amount of liquid fuel mist 29 generated is reduced, and by introducing the liquid fuel mist 29 into the charging layer 9, a good effect of extending the high temperature region holding time is exhibited. I can't.
- Each of the injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b has an opening angle of, for example, about 85 degrees with respect to the central axis of the vertical pipe 24, which has a slight downward slope that the center line gradually decreases from the vertical pipe 24 toward the tip. Is set to As described above, since the injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b have a slight downward slope, the liquid fuel mist remains as liquid in the injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b when the injection of the liquid fuel mist is finished. All are dripped.
- the opening angle is preferably 20 to 90 degrees. More preferred is 45 to 85 degrees.
- the spray mechanisms 23 are arranged in a staggered manner in the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8, the liquid fuel mist 29 injected from the injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b of each spray mechanism 23 is shown in FIG. As shown, the particles are uniformly dispersed and injected onto the charging layer 9 without interfering with each other. Then, using the suction force of a wind box (not shown) under the sintering machine pallet 8, the sintered cake generated on the surface layer of the charging layer 9 is introduced to the deep part (lower layer) of the charging layer.
- a wind box not shown
- each compressed gas supply pipe 21 is connected to a compressed gas supply pipe 31 via a flow meter FC and a control valve VC on the upstream side of the sintering machine pallet 8.
- a gas supply source pipe 31 is connected to a compressed gas supply source 32.
- the compressed gas supply source 32 has a storage tank 33 for storing a gas mainly containing any one of nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas and water vapor having flame extinguishing properties, and the gas stored in the storage tank 33 is a compressor.
- the compressed gas is compressed into a compressed gas at 34, stored in the receiver tank 35, and supplied to each control valve VC from the receiver tank 35 via the compressed gas supply pipe 31.
- a main flow path LM in which a control valve VC is inserted and a bypass flow path that bypasses the control valve VC and supplies a relatively small flow rate of compressed air.
- the bypass channel LB is in a state in which the liquid fuel mist 29 is not injected from the spray mechanism 23, and a small amount of compressed gas from the receiver tank 35 passes through the bypass channel LB and the flow meter FC to the spray mechanism 23.
- the nozzles 28a and 28b of the spray mechanism 23 are prevented from being clogged.
- each liquid fuel supply pipe 22 is connected to the liquid fuel supply source pipe 36 via the flowmeter FF and further via the control valve VF on the upstream side of the sintering machine pallet 8. It is connected via a fuel supply pump 37 to a liquid fuel storage tank 38 as a liquid fuel supply source.
- each of the liquid fuel supply pipe 22 and the liquid fuel supply source pipe 36 is arranged to be inclined in a descending gradient in which the arrangement height on the downstream side is lower than that on the upstream side, and the injection of the liquid fuel mist 29 is finished. It is preferable that the liquid fuel is not left in the liquid fuel supply pipe 22 and the liquid fuel supply pipe 36 when the liquid fuel is supplied.
- the liquid fuel is at least one of petroleum liquid fuels such as kerosene, light oil and heavy oil that are liquid at normal temperature, alcohol liquid fuels such as ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol, ether liquid fuels, and other hydrocarbon liquid fuels. Using the above, these are stored in the liquid fuel storage tank 38.
- the liquid fuel that can be used in the present invention and its characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- the liquid fuel mist 29 for atomizing and injecting such liquid fuel has an ignition temperature of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, blast furnace / coke oven mixed gas, city gas, natural gas or methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, butane gas, or Since the ignition temperature is higher than any of the gaseous fuels of these mixed gases, the combustion temperature is higher than the temperature of the charging layer 9, that is, the surface layer of the sintering bed, and the combustion is performed inside the charging layer 9, so that It is effective for expanding the temperature of the burning / melting zone.
- the liquid fuel preferably has an ignition temperature of 180 ° C. to 500 ° C.
- waste oil etc. may contain the component which is easy to ignite, and the component with low ignition temperature, it is unpreferable for using by this invention.
- liquid fuel such as waste oil containing a component having a low ignition temperature or flash point is vaporized in advance and supplied onto the charging layer 9, that is, the sintering material bed, it reaches the vicinity of the combustion zone in the charging layer 9.
- the reason why the liquid high temperature region holding time can be extended by injecting the liquid fuel mist 29 above the charging layer 9 is that the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. Prepare a tubular test pan (diameter: 150 mm ⁇ , height: 400 mmH), use sesame oil as the liquid fuel to be used, and the same sintering raw material used in the applicant's sintering factory, namely:
- the charging layer is formed from the sintering raw materials shown in Table 2, the height of the blowing nozzle for injecting sesame oil is set to 320 mm from the charging layer surface, and the powder coke ratio is 5.0% (base is 5.25%) Equivalent heat quantity, ignition time 30 seconds, suction thickness 1200 mmH 2 O, blowing amount 5.0 ml / min, blowing position 30 seconds after ignition to 1/2 upper layer.
- the blowing period was set between 1 and 6 min after ignition.
- the properties of sesame oil as a liquid fuel are a flash point of 255 ° C., a calorific value of 40.3 kJ / g, and a density of 0.92 g / cm 3 .
- the result of the liquid fuel injection test is that, when there is no liquid fuel injection (base), the width of the combustion zone after the elapse of 5 minutes after ignition is 65 mm, and 50 mm from the surface of the charging layer.
- the lower heat pattern rises rapidly after 1 min after ignition and exceeds 1200 ° C., and the temperature drops after holding this temperature exceeding 1200 ° C. for 33 seconds.
- the combustion band width at 5 minutes after ignition is increased to 114 mm, and a heat pattern 50 mm below the surface of the charging layer starts from ignition. After a lapse of 1 min, the temperature rapidly rises to exceed 1200 ° C., and after maintaining this temperature exceeding 1200 ° C. for 82 seconds, the temperature decreases with a relatively gentle gradient. Therefore, by blowing sesame oil, the width of the combustion zone can be expanded, and the holding time exceeding 1200 ° C. in the heat pattern, that is, the high temperature region holding time can be 82 sec, which is compared with the case where liquid fuel is not blown. As a result, the combustion zone width was expanded to about 1.75 times, and the high temperature region holding time could be extended by about 2.5 times.
- the combustion zones are compared for the three states of the liquid fuel blowing state, the sesame oil blowing state, and the heavy oil blowing state under the same blowing conditions as described above.
- the width of the combustion zone can be expanded in the sesame oil blowing state compared to the state where no liquid fuel is blown, and further the width of the combustion zone is further increased in the heavy oil blowing state. I was able to expand.
- the properties of each liquid fuel are as described in Table 3.
- the calorific value of rapeseed oil and sesame oil (kJ / g) is assumed to be the same value as that of soybean oil, and the density of rapeseed oil (g / cm 3 ) is also defined as soybean oil.
- the spray mechanism 23 which injects the liquid fuel mist 29 demonstrated the case where liquid fuel was mixed with compressed gas by the mixing part 25, atomized, and injected on the charging layer 9 in the horizontal direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the liquid fuel mist obtained by mixing the compressed gas and the liquid fuel supplied from the compressed gas supply source 32 and the fuel supply pump 37 with a mixer is supplied to each spray mechanism via the mist supply pipe. You may make it supply to 23 branch injection parts 27. In this case, it is preferable to maintain the liquid fuel mist at a temperature not lower than the ignition temperature and lower than the ignition temperature so that the liquid fuel mist does not re-liquefy.
- hood 16 which covers the upper part of the sintering machine pallet 8 is provided.
- the hood 16 suppresses the influence of the cross wind on the concentration distribution of the liquid fuel mist 29. That is, as a result of various studies by the inventors, it has been found that the installation of the hood 16 is more effective than a screen as a measure against cross wind.
- the hood 16 has an opening 17 in the upper central portion or has an appropriate transmittance (void ratio), and it is necessary to have a structure capable of taking in air from this portion. .
- the liquid fuel mist 29 ejected from the spray mechanism 23 and the atmosphere are mixed inside the hood 16.
- the opening 17 is a sintering machine having a width of 5 m of the sintering machine pallet 8 and is about 1 m
- the pressure loss of the hood 16 can be almost ignored.
- the gap is provided in the opening 17, the pressure loss can be suppressed to about several mmAq if the transmittance is about 80%.
- the porosity of the partition provided on the upper part (periphery) of the hood 16 is in the range of 30 to 40%. Was found to be the most effective from the analysis results.
- a cross wind attenuating fence 16c composed of punch metal having a transmittance of about 30% is provided at the upper ends of the left and right sidewalls 18 along the conveying direction of the sinter pallet 8 of the hood 16. It is preferable.
- a gap is inevitably generated between the lower side of the hood 16 and the surface of the sintered bed (the surface of the charging layer). If the gap is not sufficiently sealed, for example, the transmittance is 20 to When it was 30%, it was found that air was engulfed from this portion into the hood 16 and the concentration distribution of the liquid fuel mist was increased. Therefore, it is preferable to prevent air from entering from the lower end of the hood 16.
- a wiper seal 41 having a seal sheet interposed between wire brushes extending in the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 is installed, and the wiper seal 41 is covered on the outside from the outside.
- a cover 42 is provided.
- the seal material is not limited to the wiper seal 41, and seal materials such as a chain curtain, a seal brush, and a close seal can be applied.
- the sealing material is heat resistant, flexible or has a high degree of freedom of deformation, and does not damage the surface of the charging layer 9.
- the front and rear walls of the hood 16 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to form an air curtain 44 by disposing an air passage 43 along 19 and ejecting air from below the air passage 43. Further, the installation position, size, and number of arrangements of the liquid fuel injection device 15 are set as follows.
- the liquid fuel mist 29 is supplied (introduced) onto the charging layer 9.
- the reason for this is that even if the liquid fuel mist 29 is supplied at a position immediately after ignition, it only burns on the surface layer of the charging layer 9, and the liquid fuel mist does not affect the combustion layer at all. . Therefore, it is necessary to supply the liquid fuel mist to the charging layer 9 after the sintering raw material on the upper part of the charging layer 9 is fired to form a sintered complete band which is a layer of a sintered cake.
- FIG. 11A is a photograph when ethanol is used in a pot test with a particle size of about 50 ⁇ m. It can be seen that the combustion melting zone greatly expands with ethanol blowing.
- FIG. 11B schematically illustrates this phenomenon, and the left side in the figure indicates a sintering reaction when liquid fuel is blown.
- the powder coke which is a coagulant, is ignited in an ignition furnace, and the sintering reaction of the powder coke progresses downward while descending the charging layer of the sintering raw material.
- the sintered zone is formed in the sintered complete zone.
- the particle size of the liquid fuel mist is set to 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 50 ⁇ m or less. If the particle size exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the heat of the sintering completed zone is used to leave droplets, which may cause combustion at the surface layer.
- the liquid fuel mist (liquid fuel particles) is gasified including the agglomerated particles to become liquid fuel vapor, and between the sintering completed zone and the powder coke combustion zone.
- a liquid fuel is blown in as a liquid fuel mist, a gas combustion zone of liquid fuel gas is generated, where the high temperature region holding time is expanded and extended without increasing the maximum temperature, and the same phenomenon as the use of gaseous fuel is exhibited.
- the gasification (liquid fuel vapor) region of liquid fuel particles shown in FIG. 11B is important. That is, in the gasification region of the liquid fuel in FIG. 11B, it is desirable to spray the liquid fuel from the spray nozzle first so that the vapor concentration of the liquid fuel is equal to or lower than the lower combustion limit concentration in Table 1.
- the lower limit is at least 1% of the lower combustion limit concentration in order to utilize fuel heat. To do.
- it is 25% or less and 4% or more of the lower limit concentration of combustion.
- the upper limit is determined from the safety of fire and the lower limit is determined from the effective heat. Moreover, it is necessary to be below the ignition temperature.
- the point of combustion is that the maximum temperature in the sintering reaction is controlled on the powder coke side A, and the high temperature region retention time is the liquid fuel side B that maintains the combustion zone temperature below the maximum temperature. Is burning.
- An example is shown in FIG.
- the temperature curve shown as C is an in-layer temperature history during sintering production in a sintering reaction when only powder coke is used as a coagulant.
- the maximum temperature is controlled by the amount of powder coke, and the high temperature range holding time E is determined by this temperature pattern.
- the temperature pattern when using liquid fuel is shown as D.
- the combustion of the liquid fuel is the combustion on the liquid fuel side B in FIG. 11 (c) that maintains the combustion zone temperature below the maximum temperature.
- the combination of the two results in the temperature pattern D in FIG. 11D in which the temperature in the base region is increased without changing the maximum temperature.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph of a pan test of a conventional sintering method and a sintering method using a liquid fuel mist.
- the powder coke ratio is high because of the use of combustion heat of powder coke.
- the combustion / melting zone that appears white even when the height is high is approximately 65 mm in this experiment.
- the temperature of the zone is higher than the boiling point of the liquid fuel and lower than the ignition temperature (can be controlled by lowering the concentration below the lower combustion limit concentration). Examples of heavy oil and ethanol are shown, but the amount of powder coke used was reduced in order to keep the maximum temperature at 1380 ° C. In both cases, the burning / melting zone that looks white was expanded, and the obtained sintered ore strength was higher than that of the conventional sintering method using only powdered coke.
- the temperature of the region needs to be not less than the boiling point of the liquid fuel and not more than the ignition temperature.
- the phenomenon shown in FIG. When the temperature of the gasification region (sintering completion zone) is equal to or higher than the ignition temperature (high concentration close to the lower combustion limit concentration), the surface of the sintering completion zone before entering the powder coke combustion zone as shown in FIG. In this case, the liquid fuel vapor is burned, the effect is lost, and oxygen is insufficient. This adversely affects the sintering operation.
- the liquid fuel mist can be supplied at an arbitrary position until the sintering is completed as long as a sintered cake layer is formed on the surface of the charging layer 9.
- the reasons other than the above, in which the liquid fuel mist is supplied after the sintered cake layer is formed, are as follows. (A) If the liquid fuel mist is supplied in the state immediately after ignition in which no sintered cake is formed on the top of the charge layer 9, there is a possibility of burning on the charge layer 9. (B) It is preferable to supply the liquid fuel mist to a portion where it is necessary to improve the yield of the sintered ore, that is, to supply combustion at a portion where it is desired to increase the strength of the sintered ore.
- the thickness of the combustion / melting zone is at least 15 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, more preferably 30 mm or more, It is preferable to supply liquid fuel mist.
- the thickness of the combustion / melting zone is less than 15 mm, the cooling effect by the air sucked through the sintered layer (sintered cake) and the liquid fuel mist causes the effect to be insufficient even if the liquid fuel mist is burned. This is because the thickness of the melting zone cannot be increased.
- the liquid fuel mist is supplied at a stage where the thickness of the combustion / melting zone is 15 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, more preferably 30 mm or more, the thickness of the combustion / melting zone is greatly expanded, and the high temperature region holding time is increased. It can be extended, and as a result, a sintered ore with high cold strength can be obtained.
- the liquid fuel mist is introduced into the charging layer 9 at a position where the combustion front is lowered below the surface layer and the combustion / melting zone is lowered from the surface layer by 100 mm or more, preferably 200 mm or more, that is, in the charging layer 9
- the sintered cake region (sintered layer) generated in the lower layer passes through without burning, and is supplied so as to burn when the combustion front moves 100 mm or more from the surface layer. The reason is that if the combustion front is at a position lower than the surface layer by 100 mm or more, the adverse effect of cooling by the air sucked through the sintered layer is reduced, and the thickness of the combustion / melting zone can be increased. .
- the combustion / melting zone is at a position 200 mm or more lower than the surface layer, the influence of cooling by air is substantially eliminated, and the thickness of the combustion / melting zone can be increased to 30 mm or more. Further, it is more preferable to supply the liquid fuel mist in the vicinity of the sidewalls at both ends in the pallet width direction where the yield is greatly reduced.
- the liquid fuel injection device 15 differs depending on the size of the sintering machine.
- the ignition furnace 10 It is preferable to arrange at a position about 5 m or less downstream.
- the liquid fuel mist supply position is the ignition furnace exit side in the pallet traveling direction, and the so-called combustion front after the formation of the sintered cake is below the surface layer.
- the introduction of the liquid fuel mist into the charging layer also means that the reheating of the produced sintered cake is promoted. That is, this liquid fuel mist is originally supplied with a liquid fuel mist that is more reactive than solid fuel to a portion where the cold strength of the sinter is low and the cold strength of the sintered ore is likely to be short of heat. This is because the heat of combustion in this portion that is likely to be deficient is compensated for, and the regeneration / expansion of the combustion / melting zone is assumed.
- the supply of the liquid fuel mist from the upper part of the charged layer after ignition is such that at least a part of the introduced liquid fuel mist in the charged layer remains unburned. It is preferable to reach the combustion / melting zone and burn at a target position where combustion heat is to be compensated. It is thought that it is more effective to spread the liquid fuel mist supply, that is, the introduction effect into the charging layer not only to the upper part of the charging layer but also to the combustion / melting zone which is the central part in the thickness direction. Because.
- the liquid fuel mist when introduced (supplied) into the charging layer, not only the supply position thereof is adjusted, but also the form of the combustion / melting zone itself is controlled. It is preferable to control the maximum temperature reached in the melting zone and / or the high temperature region holding time.
- the combustion (flame) front gradually expands downward and forward (downstream) as the pallet moves, and the position of the combustion / melting zone is as described above with reference to FIG. It changes as shown in (a). As shown in FIG.
- the thermal history received during the sintering process in the sintered layer differs between the upper layer, the middle layer, and the lower layer, and the upper layer to the lower layer have a high temperature range holding time (about 1200 ° C. or more). Time) is very different.
- the yield of sintered ore by position in the pallet shows a distribution as shown in FIG. That is, the yield of the surface layer portion (upper layer portion) is low, and the yield distribution is high in the middle layer and the lower layer portion. Therefore, when the liquid fuel mist is supplied according to the method of the present invention, the combustion / melting zone expands in the vertical thickness, the width in the pallet traveling direction, and the like, which is reflected in the quality improvement of the product sintered ore. . And since the intermediate
- the form of the combustion / melting zone that is, the thickness in the height direction of the combustion / melting zone and / or the width in the pallet traveling direction can be controlled, and the maximum Achieving temperature and high temperature range holding time can be controlled.
- the supply (introduction) of the liquid fuel mist into the charging layer is for controlling the cold strength of the entire product sintered ore.
- the original purpose of supplying the liquid fuel mist is to improve the cold strength of the sintered cake and eventually the sintered ore.
- the cold strength (shutter index SI) of the sintered ore is about 75 to 85%, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% That's it.
- this strength level is particularly in consideration of the concentration of the liquid fuel mist, the supply amount, the supply position and the supply range, preferably considering the amount of carbonaceous material in the sintered raw material (under the condition that the input heat amount is constant).
- the improvement of the cold strength of sintered ore may lead to an increase in ventilation resistance and a decrease in productivity.
- such problems are also controlled by controlling the maximum temperature and holding time in the high temperature range. In order to solve this problem, the cold strength of the sintered ore is improved. Note that the cold strength SI value of the sintered ore produced by the actual sintering machine is 10 to 15% higher than the value obtained in the pan test.
- the introduction position of the liquid fuel mist in the charging layer in the pallet traveling direction is a sintered ore in an arbitrary zone between the sintered cake formed in the charging layer and the wet zone. It is based on how to make the cold strength of.
- the scale (size), number, position (distance from the ignition furnace) and gas concentration of the liquid fuel injection device preferably the amount of carbonaceous material (solid fuel) in the sintered raw material
- the operation of the above embodiment will be described.
- the granulated ore from the floor hopper 4 is cut out to form a floor layer on the great of the sintering machine pallet 8, and the surge hopper 5 to the drum feeder are formed on the floor layer.
- 6 is charged with the sintering raw material quantitatively cut out at 6 to form a charging layer 9 of about 400 to 800 mm, which is also called a sintering bed.
- the carbonaceous material in the surface layer of the charging layer 9 moved under the ignition furnace 10 is ignited.
- the combustion (flame) front gradually expands downward and forward (downstream) as the sintering machine pallet 8 moves, and the position of the combustion / melting zone is as described above. It changes as shown in FIG. Then, when the position of the combustion / melting zone reaches about 200 mm from the surface layer that shifts from the upper layer to the middle layer, the sintering machine pallet 8 reaches the position of the liquid fuel injection device 15.
- the liquid fuel mist 29 is uniformly injected onto the surface of the charging layer 9 by the spray mechanism 23 in the hood 16 covering the upper side of the sintering machine pallet 8. That is, in the liquid fuel injection device 15, the compressed gas supply pipe 22 extending in parallel with the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 and the liquid fuel at a position away from the surface of the charging layer 9 of the liquid sintering machine pallet 8 by a predetermined distance.
- a predetermined number of sets of the supply pipes 22 are arranged in the width direction orthogonal to the transport direction, and the compressed gas supply liquid 21 and the liquid fuel supply pipe 22 of each set are mixed with compressed gas and liquid fuel, and the particle diameter is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a spray mechanism 23 that injects liquid fuel atomized to a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less and a particle size of 20 ⁇ m or more as a liquid fuel mist in a substantially horizontal direction.
- this spray mechanism 23 is arranged with a half-pitch shift in the conveying direction of the sintered pallet 8 so that the adjacent spray mechanisms 23 do not face each other, A uniform injection region is formed without the liquid fuel mists 29 injected from the injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b of the spray mechanism 23 in adjacent groups interfering with each other.
- the injected liquid fuel mist 29 is mixed with the air rectified by the rectifying plate 40 and diluted to below the lower combustion limit concentration at normal temperature, and the combustion above the charging layer 9 can be suppressed.
- at least one of nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor having flame extinguishing properties is used as a main component as atomizing gas for atomizing the liquid fuel, and the liquid fuel mist 29 has such flame extinguishing properties. Since compressed gas is contained, it can suppress reliably that the liquid fuel mist 29 is burned by the upper side of the charging layer 9.
- the liquid fuel mist 29 injected from the injection nozzle portions 28a and 28b of each spray mechanism 23 sucks air downward through the wind box 11 disposed below the sintering machine pallet 8.
- the air rectified by the rectifying plate 40 is mixed and introduced into the charging layer 9.
- the liquid fuel mist 29 introduced into the charging layer 9 passes through the sintered cake generated in the surface layer portion, reaches the combustion / melting zone 100 mm or more below the surface, and is burned in this combustion / molten layer.
- the high temperature region holding time is originally short and heat is likely to be insufficient, and the high temperature region holding time for maintaining the upper and middle layer regions where the cold strength of the sintered ore is low at a high temperature region of 1200 ° C. or higher can be increased.
- the cold strength of the ore can be improved. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the yield of the upper and middle layer portions with low yield shown in FIG. 18C when the liquid fuel mist 29 is not blown.
- the heated gas is supplied as a purge gas to the liquid fuel supply pipe 21 to burn the liquid fuel remaining in the pipe It is preferable to remove them.
- the liquid fuel mist 29 is uniformly placed on the upper side of the charging layer 9 of the sintering machine pallet 8 by the liquid fuel injection device 15.
- liquid fuel with a high ignition temperature is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a heat insulation furnace is disposed on the downstream side of the ignition furnace 10.
- the liquid fuel injection device 15 may be disposed on the downstream side of the heat retaining furnace.
- the hood 16 of the liquid fuel injection apparatus 15 was made into the structure which has the opening 17 upwards was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, As shown in FIG.
- the upper end of the hood 17 is opened along the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8 between the front and rear walls 19 of the hood 17, and a cross-shaped baffle plate 51 with the apex facing upward is provided in the conveying direction of the sintering machine pallet 8.
- 3 baffle plate rows 52 having a configuration in which a predetermined number of baffle plates are arranged in parallel in the width direction orthogonal to the vertical direction, and one baffle is arranged between the baffle plate rows 52 adjacent in the vertical direction.
- the baffle plate 51 of the other baffle plate row 52 is disposed between the baffle plates 51 of the plate row 52, and the spray mechanism 23 is arranged between the baffle plates 51 below the lowermost baffle plate row 52. To be configured It can be.
- liquid fuel is supplied from the liquid fuel tank 38 to the liquid fuel supply source pipe 36 and the liquid fuel supply pipe 22 at room temperature.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- preheat to, for example, 130 ° C. to 150 ° C. using steam or the like to reduce the viscosity and supply it to the liquid fuel supply pipe 22
- it can be easily atomized by the spray mechanism 23 and injected as the liquid fuel mist 29.
- the technique of the present invention is useful as a technique for producing sintered ore used as a raw material for iron making, particularly as a blast furnace, but can also be used as another ore agglomeration technique.
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Abstract
Description
図17は、焼結鉱の高生産時と低生産時、即ち、パレット移動速度が速い時と遅い時の装入層内の温度分布を示したものである。原料粒子が溶融し始める1200℃以上の温度に保持される時間(以降、「高温域保持時間」と称する)は、低生産の場合にはt1で、生産性を重視した高生産の場合にはt2で表されている。高生産の時には、パレットの移動速度が速いため、高温域保持時間t2が低生産の時のt1と比べて短くなる。高温域保持時間が短くなると、焼成不足となり易く、焼結鉱の冷間強度が低下し、歩留が低下する。したがって、高強度焼結鉱の生産性を上げるためには、短時間の焼結でも、焼結ケーキの強度、即ち焼結鉱の冷間強度を上げて、歩留の維持、向上を図ることができる何らかの手段を講じる必要がある。なお、焼結鉱の冷間強度を表す指標としては、一般に、SI(シャッターインデックス)、TI(タンブラーインデックス)が用いられる。
上記問題点を解決する技術として、出願人は、特許文献5において、焼結機のパレット上に堆積させた焼結原料の装入層の上から燃焼下限濃度以下に希釈した各種気体燃料を供給して装入層中に導入し、燃焼させることにより、装入層内の最高到達温度および高温域保持時間のいずれか一方または両方を調整する方法を提案している。
装入工程は、循環移動するパレット上に粉鉱石と炭材を含む焼結原料を装入して装入層を形成することからなる。点火工程は、形成され装入層の炭材に点火炉で点火することからなる。液体燃料供給工程は、点火後に、粒径100μm以下に微粒化された液体燃料を装入層上に供給することからなる。焼結工程は、前記パレットの下方に配設したウインドボックスで空気を吸引して、焼結鉱を製造することからなる。
(A)粒径100μm以下に微粒化された液体燃料を装入層上に供給し、常温における燃焼下限濃度以下に希釈された状態で装入層中に供給する。
(B)粒径100μm以下に微粒化された液体燃料を装入層の上方側に噴射する。
(C)液体燃料を圧縮気体に混合して微粒化して、装入層上に噴射する。前記圧縮気体は、消炎性のある窒素、炭酸ガス、水蒸気の少なくとも1つを主成分とする気体である。
(a)装入層の表層部で焼結ケーキが生成されてから焼結が完了するまでの間に微粒化された液体燃料を供給する。
(b)燃焼・溶融帯の厚みが15mm以上となる領域において微粒化された液体燃料を供給する。
(c)燃焼前線が表層下の100mmに達した位置以降で微粒化された液体燃料を供給する。
4…サージホッパー、5…床敷ホッパー、6…ドラムフィーダー
7…切り出しシュート、8…燒結機パレット、9…装入層、10…点火炉
11…ウインドボックス、15…液体燃料噴射装置、16…フード、
21…圧縮空気供給配管、22…液体燃料供給配管、23…スプレー機構
24…垂直配管、25…混合部、26…連結配管、
27…分岐噴射部、28a,28b…噴射ノズル部、29…液体燃料ミスト
31…圧縮気体供給元配管、32…圧縮気体供給源
33…気体貯留タンク、34…コンプレッサ、35…レシーバタンク
36…液体燃料供給もと配管、37…燃料供給ポンプ
38…液体燃料貯留タンク、41…ワイプレシール、51…邪魔板、52…邪魔板列
図1は、本発明に係る焼結機の一実施形態を示す概略構成図である。この図1においては、前述した従来例と同様に、鉄鉱石粉、製鉄所内回収粉、焼結鉱篩下粉、石灰石およびドロマイトなどの含CaO系副原料、生石灰等の造粒助剤、コークス粉や無煙炭などの燒結原料を複数のホッパー1からコンベヤ上に所定の割合で切り出し、切り出した原料をドラムミキサー2,ロータリーキルン3等によって適量の水を加えて混合、造粒されて、3.0~6.0mmの平均径を有する擬似粒子である焼結原料とされてサージホッパー5に貯留される。一方、所定粒径に整粒した塊鉱石を床敷ホッパー4から切り出して焼結機パレット8のグレート上に床敷層を形成する。
この液体燃料噴射装置15は、点火炉10の下流側且つ燃焼・溶融帯が装入層9中を進行する過程におけるパレット進行方向の何れかの位置に一つ以上配設され、装入層9中への液体燃料ミストの供給は、装入層9中の炭材への点火後の位置で行われるのが好ましい。この液体燃料噴射装置15は、点火炉10の下流側で、燃焼前線が表層下に進行した以降の任意の位置に一つ又は複数個配設されるものであり、目標とする製品焼結鉱の冷間強度を調整する観点から、大きさ、位置、配置数が後述するように決められる。
このフード16内には、図2及び図4に示すように、装入層9の上方に焼結機パレット8の搬送方向に沿う圧縮空気供給配管21及び液体燃料供給配管22が焼結機パレット8の搬送方向と直交する幅方向に所定間隔を保って複数例えば9組平行に配設されている。各圧縮空気供給配管21及び液体燃料供給配管22の下面側には焼結機パレット8の搬送方向に所定距離を保ってスプレー機構23が配設されている。これらスプレー機構23は、焼結機パレット8の幅方向に隣接するスプレー機構23が対向しないように、焼結機パレット8の搬送方向にスプレー機構23が千鳥状に配列されている。なお、圧縮空気供給配管21及び液体燃料供給配管22の組数は9組に限定されるものではなく、複数本、3~15組配設することが好ましい。
ここで、液体燃料ミスト29の粒径を100μm以下に設定する理由は、粒径が100μmを超えると、装入層9の表層部に残存する部分が発生し、表層部で燃焼し始めることにより、装入層9内の燃焼不足となる上層及び中層部の高温域保持時間の延長に寄与せず、無駄となる。また、液体燃料ミスト29の粒径は小さいほど好ましいが、粒径を小さくするほど発生量が減少することから、液体燃料ミスト29の粒径は50μm以下で且つ20μm以上に選定することが好ましい。液体ミスト29の粒径が50μm以下であると、装入層9の上方及び表層部での燃焼を抑制して、表層に形成される焼結ケーキ内の亀裂部分を通過するか、又は焼結ケーキで一旦気化し、焼結ケーキを気体状態で通過して、燃焼・溶融帯に達して燃焼する。また、粒径が20μm未満であると液体燃料ミスト29の発生量が減少して、液体燃料ミスト29の装入層9への導入によって、高温域保持時間を延長する良好な効果を発揮することができない。
ここで、本発明に用いることができる液体燃料とその特性について下記表1に示した。
なお、廃油等は、引火し易い成分や着火温度の低い成分を含むことがあるので、本発明で用いるには好ましくない。着火温度や引火点の低い成分を含む廃油等の液体燃料を予め気化させて、装入層9即ち焼結原料ベッド上に供給した場合には、装入層9中の燃焼帯近傍に到達する前の装入層9の表層の上部空間ないしは装入層9の表層近傍で燃焼してしまうため、本発明が意図する装入層9の燃焼帯近傍で燃焼させて例えば1200℃以上に保持する高温域保持時間の延長を図るという効果を得ることができないためである。
したがって、ゴマ油を吹き込むことにより、燃焼帯の幅を拡大することができると共に、ヒートパターンにおける1200℃を超える保持時間即ち高温域保持時間を82secとすることができ、液体燃料を吹き込まない場合に比較して燃焼帯幅を約1.75倍に拡張し、高温域保持時間を約2.5倍延長することができた。
また、液体燃料噴射装置15の設置位置、大きさ、配置数は以下のようにして設定される。
つまり、図11(b)の液体燃料のガス化領域において、まず、液体燃料の蒸気濃度が、表1の燃焼下限濃度以下になるように、スプレーノズルから液体燃料を噴霧するのが望ましい。吹き込むにあたっては焼結完了帯の表層部で燃焼させないように燃焼下限濃度の75%以下とすることが必要であり、その下限は燃料熱を活用するためには少なくとも燃焼下限濃度の1%以上とする。好ましくは燃焼下限濃度の25%以下、4%以上である。上限は、火災などの安全上から、下限は有効熱量から決まる。また、着火温度以下である必要がある。
液体燃料のガス化領域(焼結完了帯)において、その領域の温度が、液体燃料の沸点以上で、着火温度以下(燃焼下限濃度より濃度を低下させることにより制御可能)とした、液体燃料として重油、エタノール例を示しているが、最高温度を1380℃に抑えるため粉コークス使用量は減少させて行った。いずれも白く見える燃焼・溶融帯は拡大し、得られた焼結鉱強度は粉コークスのみ使用する従来焼結法より高いものを得ることができた。
なお、ガス化領域(焼結完了帯)の温度が、着火温度以上(燃焼下限濃度に近い高濃度)であると、図13のように、粉コークス燃焼帯に入る前の焼結完了帯表面で液体燃料蒸気が燃焼してしまい、効果が無くなり、酸素不足を招くなど焼結操業にとってかえって悪影響を与える。
(a)装入層9の上部に焼結ケーキが生成していない点火直後の状態で液体燃料ミストの供給を行うと、この装入層9の上で燃焼を起こす可能性がある。
(b)液体燃料ミストの供給は、焼結鉱の歩留りを向上させる必要のある部分に対して行う、即ち、焼結鉱の強度を上昇させたい部分で燃焼を起こすよう供給するのが好ましい。
本発明に係る焼結機では、液体燃料ミストの供給位置(装入層への導入位置)は、パレット進行方向における点火炉出側で、焼結ケーキが生成した後のいわゆる燃焼前線が表層下に進行した位置(例えば、表層下100mm以上、好ましくは200mm程度以下で液体燃料ミストの燃焼が起こる位置)から焼結が完了するまでの間の1ヶ所以上の任意の位置で行うことが好ましい。このことは、上述したように、燃焼前線が装入層の表層下に移った段階で液体燃料ミストの導入を開始することを意味しており、その結果、液体燃料ミストの燃焼が装入層の内部で起り、そして次第により下層に移るので、爆発のおそれがなく、安全な焼結操業が可能になることを意味している。
一般に、点火後の装入層では、パレットの移動に伴って燃焼(火炎)前線が次第に下方にかつ前方(下流側)に拡大していく中で、燃焼・溶融帯の位置が前述した図18(a)に示すように変化する。そして、図18(b)に示すように、焼結層内の焼結過程で受ける熱履歴は、上層、中層、下層で異なり、上層~下層間では、高温域保持時間(約1200℃以上となる時間)は大きく異なる。その結果、パレット内の位置別焼結鉱の歩留まりは、図18(c)に示すような分布を示す。即ち、表層部(上層部)の歩留は低く、中層、下層部で高い歩留分布となる。そこで、本発明方法に従って、前記液体燃料ミストを供給すると、燃焼・溶融帯は、上下方向の厚みやパレット進行方向の幅などが拡大し、これが成品焼結鉱の品質向上に反映されるのである。そして、高い歩留分布となる中層部や下層部は、さらに高温域保持時間を制御できるため、歩留をより上昇させることができる。
先ず、図1に示すように、床敷ホッパー4から整粒した塊鉱石を切り出して焼結機パレット8のグレート上に床敷層を形成し、この床敷層上にサージホッパー5からドラムフィーダー6で定量切り出しされた焼結原料が装入されて焼結ベッドとも言われる400~800mm程度の装入層9を形成する。
点火後の装入層9では、焼結機パレット8の移動に伴って燃焼(火炎)前線が次第に下方にかつ前方(下流側)に拡大していく中で、燃焼・溶融帯の位置が前述した図18(a)に示すように変化する。そして、燃焼・溶融帯の位置が上層から中層に移行する表層から200mm程度に達するときに、焼結機パレット8が液体燃料噴射装置15の位置に達する。
すなわち、液体燃料噴射装置15では、液体焼結機パレット8の装入層9の表面から所定距離離れた位置に焼結機パレット8の搬送方向に平行に延長する圧縮気体供給配管22及び液体燃料供給配管22の組が搬送方向と直交する幅方向に所定数組配設され、各組の圧縮気体供給配管21及び液体燃料供給配管22に圧縮気体及び液体燃料を混合して粒径100μm以下好ましくは粒径50μm以下で且つ粒径20μm以上に微粒化した液体燃料を液体燃料ミストとして略水平方向に噴射するスプレー機構23が配設されている。
装入層9内に導入された液体燃料ミスト29は、表層部に生成された焼結ケーキを通過して表面から100mm以上下側の燃焼・溶融帯に達し、この燃焼・溶融層で燃焼される。このため、元々高温域保持時間が短く熱不足となりやすく、焼結鉱の冷間強度が低い上・中層域を1200℃以上の高温域に保持する高温域保持時間を長くすることができ、焼結鉱の冷間強度を向上させることができる。したがって、液体燃料ミスト29の吹き込みを行わない場合の図18(c)に示す歩留りの低い上・中層部の歩留りを向上させることができる。
このように、上記実施形態においては、点火炉10で装入層9の表層に点火した後に、液体燃料噴射装置15で燒結機パレット8の装入層9の上側に液体燃料ミスト29を均一に分散させて噴射することにより、プロパンガス、LNG、Mガス等の気体燃料を空気で希釈した希釈気体燃料を使用する場合に比較して、着火温度の高い液体燃料を使用し、この液体燃料をそのまま使用するのではなく、圧縮気体で微粒化して液体燃料ミストとして噴射するので、装入層9の上側で発火するおそれを確実に抑制することができる。しかも圧縮気体として消炎性を有する窒素、炭酸ガス、水蒸気の少なくとも1つを主成分とする気体を用いることで、装入層9の上側で発火するおそれをより抑制することができる。
また、上記実施形態においては、液体燃料噴射装置15のフード16を上方に開口17を有する構成とした場合について説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、図14に示すように、フード16を上端を開放した構成とし、フード17の前後ウォール19間に燒結機パレット8の搬送方向に沿って延長し、頂点を上方とする断面く字状の邪魔板51を燒結機パレット8の搬送方向と直交する幅方向に所定ピッチpを保って所定本数平行に配設した構成を有する邪魔板列52を上下方向に3列配置し、上下方向に隣接する邪魔板列52間で、一方の邪魔板列52の邪魔板51間に他方の邪魔板列52の邪魔板51が位置するように配設し、最下段の邪魔板列52の下側における邪魔板51間にスプレー機構23を配置する構成とすることもできる。
Claims (22)
- 循環移動するパレット上に粉鉱石と炭材を含む焼結原料を装入して装入層を形成する装入工程と、
形成された装入層の炭材に点火炉で点火する点火工程と、
点火後に、粒径100μm以下に微粒化された液体燃料を装入層上に供給する液体燃料供給工程と、
前記パレットの下方に配設したウインドボックスで空気を吸引して、焼結鉱を製造する焼結工程と、
を有する焼結鉱の製造方法。 - 前記微粒化された液体燃料が、粒径が50μm以下で且つ20μm以上の粒径を有する請求項1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料供給工程が、粒径100μm以下に微粒化された液体燃料を装入層上に供給し、常温における燃焼下限濃度以下に希釈された状態で装入層中に供給することからなる請求項1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記微粒化された液体燃料が、燃焼下限濃度以下の濃度を有する請求項1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記濃度が、燃焼下限濃度の75%以下且つ1%以上である請求項4に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記濃度が、燃焼下限濃度の25%以下且つ4%以上である請求項5に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料供給工程が、粒径100μm以下に微粒化された液体燃料を装入層の上方側で水平方向に噴射することからなる請求項1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料供給工程が、液体燃料を圧縮気体に混合して微粒化して、装入層上に噴射することからなる請求項1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記圧縮気体が、消炎性のある窒素、炭酸ガス、水蒸気の少なくとも1つを主成分とする気体である請求項8に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料が、石油系液体燃料、アルコール類液体燃料、エーテル類液体燃料とその他の炭化水素系化合物類液体燃料からなるグループから選択された少なくとも1つである請求項1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記石油系液体燃料は、灯油、軽油と重油からなるグループから選択された少なくとも一つである請求項10に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記アルコール類液体燃料は、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコールとジエチルアルコールからなるグループから選択された少なくとも一つである請求項10に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記その他の炭化水素系化合物類液体燃料は、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ベンゼンとアセトンからなるグループから選択された少なくとも一つである請求項10に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料供給工程が、装入層の表層部で焼結ケーキが生成されてから焼結が完了するまでの間に微粒化された液体燃料を供給することからなる請求の範囲1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料供給工程が、燃焼・溶融帯の厚みが15mm以上となる領域において微粒化された液体燃料を供給することからなる請求の範囲1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 前記液体燃料供給工程が、燃焼前線が表層下の100mmに達した位置以降で微粒化された液体燃料を供給することからなる請求の範囲1に記載の焼結鉱の製造方法。
- 循環移動するパレットと、
該パレット上に粉鉱石と炭材を含む焼結原料を装入して装入層を形成する原料供給装置と、
前記パレット上の焼結原料中の炭材に点火する点火炉と、
前記点火炉の下流側に設けられた、液体燃料を粒径100μm以下に微粒化して装入層上に噴射する液体燃料噴射装置と、
前記パレットの下方に空気を吸引するウインドボックスと
を有する焼結機。 - 前記液体燃料噴射装置は、圧縮気体供給源と、液体燃料供給源と、前記圧縮気体供給源からの圧縮気体及び前記液体燃料供給源からの液体燃料とを混合することにより微粒化して前記装入層上に水平方向に噴射するスプレー機構とを有する請求項16に記載の焼結機。
- 前記スプレー機構は、前記圧縮気体及び液体燃料との混合流体を搬送する下流側に向かって下り勾配の搬送配管と、該搬送配管の下面側に連接する連通管と該連通管の下面に形成された液体燃料を水平方向に噴射する吐出口に向かって下り勾配の噴射ノズルとを有する請求項18に記載の焼結機。
- 前記液体燃料は、常温近傍で液体状態である石油系液体燃料、アルコール類液体燃料、エーテル類液体燃料、その他の炭化水素系化合物類液体燃料のグループから選択された少なくとも1つである請求項17に記載の焼結機。
- 前記圧縮気体は、消炎性のある窒素、炭酸ガス、水蒸気の少なくとも1つを主成分とするガスである請求項18に記載の焼結機。
- 前記液体燃料噴射装置は、前記液体燃料の粘度が高い場合に、微粒化に最適な粘度となるように当該液体燃料を予熱する予熱機構を有する請求項17に記載の焼結機。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012026001A (ja) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-02-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | 焼結鉱の製造方法および焼結機 |
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| CN115218652B (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2024-07-02 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | 一种多段液体燃料补热耦合热风烧结方法 |
| CN114517259B (zh) * | 2022-02-18 | 2024-10-18 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | 一种烧结机及其制造烧结矿的方法 |
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| JP2012026001A (ja) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-02-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | 焼結鉱の製造方法および焼結機 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201028482A (en) | 2010-08-01 |
| TWI426136B (zh) | 2014-02-11 |
| AU2009323283A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| CN102239271A (zh) | 2011-11-09 |
| EP2371975A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| CN102239271B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
| KR101311609B1 (ko) | 2013-09-26 |
| EP2371975A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| AU2009323283B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
| EP2371975B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
| KR20110059903A (ko) | 2011-06-07 |
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