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WO2010059624A1 - Aleurone en tant que fibre prébiotique pour une santé intestinale améliorée - Google Patents

Aleurone en tant que fibre prébiotique pour une santé intestinale améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010059624A1
WO2010059624A1 PCT/US2009/064787 US2009064787W WO2010059624A1 WO 2010059624 A1 WO2010059624 A1 WO 2010059624A1 US 2009064787 W US2009064787 W US 2009064787W WO 2010059624 A1 WO2010059624 A1 WO 2010059624A1
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aleurone
amount
animal
bowel
mammal
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William Ronald Aimutis
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Cargill Inc
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Cargill Inc
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Priority to US13/128,138 priority Critical patent/US20110212881A1/en
Priority to CA2731703A priority patent/CA2731703A1/fr
Priority to MX2011001068A priority patent/MX2011001068A/es
Priority to EP09828109A priority patent/EP2367445A4/fr
Publication of WO2010059624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010059624A1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
    • A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/115—Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/899—Poaceae or Gramineae (Grass family), e.g. bamboo, corn or sugar cane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a food product containing wheat aleurone.
  • the invention further relates to a food product containing wheat aleurone in an amount that provides good feces quality, good gastrointestinal health or a combination of both feces quality and gastrointestinal health of humans and animals.
  • the invention also relates to methods of maintaining and/or improving feces quality, gastrointestinal tract health or a combination of both feces quality and gastrointestinal tract health of humans and animals.
  • the invention additionally relates to a method of treating a mammal by introducing aleurone into the diet of the mammal.
  • Whole grains are rich sources of fermentable carbohydrates including dietary fiber, resistant starch and oligosaccharides.
  • Dietary fiber as used herein, is the carbohydrate and carbohydrate digestion products that are not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy humans but enter the large bowel. This includes resistant starches, beta-glucans and other soluble and insoluble carbohydrate polymers. It is thought to comprise that portion of carbohydrates that are fermentable, at least partially, in the large bowel by the resident microflora. Undigested carbohydrate that reaches the colon is fermented by intestinal microflora to short chain fatty acids and gases.
  • Short chain fatty acids include acetate, butyrate, and propionate, with butyrate being a preferred fuel for the colonic mucosa cells.
  • Short chain fatty acid production has been related to lowered serum cholesterol and decreased risk of cancer.
  • Undigested carbohydrates increase fecal wet and dry weight and speed intestinal transit.
  • Aleurone is an extremely nutritional grain component, in particular of wheat grain. Aleurone is present in wheat grain as a single-cell layer (aleurone layer) between the flour body (endosperm) and shell (pericarp and testa). The percent by weight of aleurone in wheat grain averages at about 8%.
  • Aleurone is isolated from bran and further processed using physical, such as mechanical- abrasive and biological-enzymatic, methods.
  • Bran used as the parent material for this purpose is obtained in a conventional manner in a grain mill.
  • Aleurone cells of wheat grain contain the most important nutritional substances in concentrated form, such as vitamins, minerals, sterols, essential fatty acids, nutrient fibers, high- quality protein (albumin), along with special protective substances (bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, lignan, phytin, etc.).
  • Aleurone contains approximately 47% fiber, with the breakdown being about 43% insoluble fiber and about 4% soluble fiber.
  • the nutrient fibers in aleurone may improve digestion in the large intestine (prebiotic).
  • ion exchange activity slows resorption in the small intestine, and binds undesired substances. In so doing, they contribute to a long-lasting feeling of satisfaction and detoxification.
  • Aleurone bioactive substances such as polyphenols, flavonoids, lignan, beta-glucan, etc., help protect against several illnesses afflicting human civilization, such as arterial disease and certain forms of cancer.
  • This invention provides methods of treating, maintaining or improving the feces quality and gastrointestinal health of mammals including companion pets, and also provides related food products.
  • the invention includes treating a mammal by introducing wheat-derived aleurone into the diet of the mammal.
  • the aleurone may be introduced in a manner and amount effective to improve good feces quality and/or to improve gastrointestinal tract health.
  • the aleurone can be effective when ingested orally by mammals, including dogs, cats and horses.
  • the aleurone is introduced in an amount of about at least 0.1 to 2% of the mammal's total daily food intake, or in an amount of at least 0.1% to 2% of the mammal's total daily food intake.
  • aleurone is introduced in an amount of about 0.5 to 1.5% of the mammal's total daily intake, or in an amount of 0.5% to 1.5% of the mammal's total daily food intake; or in an amount of about 1% of total intake, or in an amount of 1% of total intake.
  • an effective amount of aleurone is delivered to the gastrointestinal tract of a companion animal as a method of improving one or more indicators of bowel health or metabolic health.
  • Such indicators can include, for example, decreased pH of the bowel contents, increased total SCFA concentration or total amount of one or more SCFAs in the bowel contents, increased fecal quality, increase in total water volume of bowel or feces, improved laxation, increase in number of activity of one or more species of probiotic bacteria, increase in fecal bile acid excretion, reduced urinary levels of putrefactive products, reduced fecal levels of putrefactive products, increased proliferation of normal colonocytes or any combination of these indicators.
  • Increased fecal quality can include a smooth, shiny appearance.
  • the invention includes a food product or composition having wheat-derived aleurone in an amount that provides good feces quality, good gastrointestinal health or a combination of the same.
  • a pet food composition having wheat-derived aleurone may be applied in connection with other animals such as poultry and fish.
  • the invention includes a food product suitable for humans and animals including wheat-derived aleurone in the food product in an amount that provides good feces quality, good gastrointestinal health or a combination thereof.
  • the food product is suitable for animals such as companion animals, poultry and fish.
  • Figure 1 illustrates butyric acid production by fibers screened in this study.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the observed pH values and gas pressure produced after fermentation by canine fecal flora of screened fiber sources.
  • Figure 3a, 3b, 3c illustrates the volatile fatty acids produced during fermentation of aleurone by human fecal flora after fermentation in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal system in, respectively, the ascending colon, the transverse colon and the descending colon.
  • the invention is a food product containing wheat aleurone.
  • the invention is a food product containing wheat aleurone in an amount that provides good feces quality, good gastrointestinal health or a combination of both feces quality and gastrointestinal health of mammals, such as humans and animals.
  • the invention is a method of maintaining and/or improving feces quality, gastrointestinal tract health or a combination of both feces quality and gastrointestinal tract health of mammals, such as humans and animals.
  • aleurone is incorporated into the diet or otherwise introduced to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal to maintain and / or improve the feces quality and/or gastrointestinal tract health of an animal as measured by several indicators.
  • aleurone is incorporated into the diet of companion animals, such as canines, as results in the improvement of bowel health as measured by several indicators.
  • the indicators may include, but are not limited to:
  • xiii) reduced fecal or large bowel levels of any one of urea, creatinine and phosphate in uremic patients, or
  • the pH of bowel contents may be reduced by at least 0.1 pH units. In a further aspect of the invention, the pH of bowel contents may be reduced by at least 0.2 pH units.
  • the Short Chain Fatty Acids can be any one or more of formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, succinate or branched forms thereof.
  • the SCFA is one or more of acetate, propionate or butyrate.
  • the SCFA is butyrate.
  • the SCFA is selected from formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, succinate or branched forms thereof.
  • the SCFA is acetate, propionate, butyrate or combinations thereof.
  • the SCFA is butyrate.
  • the change in concentration or total amount is a pooled value of total SCFA or a selected group of one or more of them.
  • the concentration change may be as measured in feces, or internally, which may be in the caecum, the proximal colon, the distal colon or any combination of these.
  • the total amount may increase while the concentration remains the same or even increases if the bowel contents increase in volume over time.
  • bifidobacteria species may be the most prominent, however, lactic acid bacteria are similarly included such as, for example, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum; or Enterococcus faecium or Streptococcus thermophilus.
  • Fecal bulk increases principally as a result of greater numbers of bacteria that are supported in the caecum and colon. The volumes may be measured by an increase in quantity of feces, or may be measured in situ by estimating the volume of cecal, proximal colon, or distal colon contents, separately or as a combination of two of these or all three of these.
  • the water volume of the bowel or feces generally increases as a result of increased number of bacteria.
  • the water content may be measured by comparing the wet weight of the feces or bowel contents with dry weight after drying, the volume of water can be calculated from this decrease in weight.
  • Laxation relates to the passage of solids from the bowel, and entails measuring defecation in a quantitative and/or qualitative manner. Frequency of defecation is one aspect of laxation.
  • One qualitative measure relates to hardness of stools, whereby passage is easier, in contrast to constipation, but where stools are not so soft or loose as to constitute diarrhea.
  • Probiotic bacteria are generally recognized as good for bowel health, being noninfectious and producing beneficial metabolites from their fermentation activities.
  • bifidobacterial species are the most prominent.
  • Lactic acid bacteria are similarly included; for example, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enter ococcus faecium or Streptococcus thermophilus. Numbers of individual species or genera might individually or collective increase. There may also be a reduction in the number of bacterial species that have a potentially adverse effect on the large bowel. Many such species are unable or less able to utilize aleurone for energy compared to the probiotic organisms. Examples of such adverse bacteria include some Clostridium, Veillonella and Klebsiella.
  • Aleurone may impact fecal bile acid excretion. Increased fecal bile acid excretion induces the liver to produce more bile acids, utilizing cholesterol as a substrate in the production of the bile acids.
  • the liver can obtain cholesterol for the synthesis of bile acids from the blood, lowering blood cholesterol concentrations. Alternatively this may be used as a general marker of bowel activity, and clearance of bile.
  • the build up of bile acids is also thought to have at least a correlation to bowel pathogenesis.
  • Aleurone may also reduce urinary and fecal levels of putrefactive products or indicators of putrefactive products. This is indicative of a reduced level of fermentation by putrefying bacteria in the colon or caecum. Additionally these may be indicative of reduced small intestinal overgrowth.
  • the level of these compounds can be measured for, by example using GC-MS or other techniques. Many of these compounds are metabolic products or byproducts of protein or amino acid degradation. Compounds may be urea, ammonia and other waste nitrogen products or sulfides and sulfur containing compounds including hydrogen sulfide gas. Specific compounds that may be tested include but are not limited to phenol, indole, skatole, and ammonia, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, urea, ketones, and amines.
  • aleurone acts as a prebiotic to influence growth of indigenous lactic acid bacteria and other beneficial fermentative bacterial species.
  • the benefits to mammals such as humans and companion animals include improved nutrient digestibility.
  • the improved nutrient digestibility improves nutritional well being in the gastrointestinal tract including optimal fecal mass, less flatulence, and lower malodorous compounds in the feces.
  • a complex community of microorganisms colonizes the mammalian gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to anus, but the colon is the main site of this microbial colonization and metabolism.
  • Ileum passage of aleurone initiates digestion and metabolism by the anaerobic microflora of the caecum and colon that produce enzymes necessary for polysaccharide hydrolysis and catabolism. Breakdown is affected by bacterial species very similar to those found in the rumen of obligate herbivores and with very similar products: gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA).
  • gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
  • SCFA short chain fatty acids
  • Fecal bulk is directly related to increases in microbial mass from undigestible carbohydrate fermentation, which is a large part of the stool weight. Bacteria are about 80% water and resist dehydration; as such they contribute to water holding in fecal material. The number of bacteria in human feces is approximately 4-8 x 10 u /g dry feces, and makes up about 50% of fecal solids in human subjects on a Western diet. Gas production from colonic fermentation can also have some influence on stool bulk by trapping gas in the stool bulk to increase volume and decrease fecal transit time.
  • Metabolic fermentation end products namely the gases, SCFA and increased microflora
  • the gases produced from fermentation by strict anaerobic species such as Bacteroides, some non-pathogenic species of Clostridia and yeasts, anaerobic cocci and some species of lactobacilli are mostly released as flatulence or are absorbed and subsequently lost from the body through the lungs.
  • some of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced from these microflora may be further metabolized to methane (CH 4 ) by methanogenic bacteria, thus reducing intestinal gas pressure.
  • CH 4 methane
  • the Clostridia, eubacteria and anaerobic cocci are the most gas producing, while the bifidobacteria do not produce any gases.
  • Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that allow specific changes both in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits.
  • Prebiotic activity has historically been characterize by influencing growth and metabolism of beneficial bacteria, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Multiplying beneficial bacteria reduce colonic pH, making the environment less inviting for potentially harmful bacteria such as E. coli, Clostridia, Veillonella and Klebsiella.
  • Proliferation of beneficial bacteria provides significant health effects, including enhanced digestion and improved lactose tolerance, promoting recycling of compounds such as estrogen, synthesizing vitamins, especially B-group vitamins, producing immune-stimulating compounds, inhibiting growth of harmful bacteria, reducing production of toxins and carcinogens, restoring normal intestinal bacteria during antibiotic therapy, and reducing the potential for several pathologies commonly associated with higher numbers of pathogenic intestinal bacteria.
  • the primary SCFA generated by fermentation are acetate, propionate and butyrate, accounting for about 83-95% of the total SCFA concentration in the large intestine, which ranges from about 60-150 ⁇ mol/L.
  • concentrations of these acids are highest where microflora concentrations are also highest, namely in the cecum and right or transverse colon.
  • the pH is also typically lowest in the transverse colon (5.4-5.9) and gradually increases through the distal colon to 6.6- 6.9.
  • the colonic environment becomes less favorable for toxin producing and ill health promoting microflora, such as E. coli, Clostridia, and certain yeasts.
  • the invention identifies fiber sources capable of improving one or more indicators of bowel health or metabolic health in a mammalian animal by studying their effect in vitro on canine fecal flora fermentation.
  • Various aspects were studied in vitro including post fermentation gas pressure, pH, volatile fatty acid concentration, and malodorous compound concentration. The field was narrowed and using fecal flora from several different canine breeds confirmed aleurone was a fiber capable of influencing bowel health.
  • aleurone is shown to support in vitro growth of several probiotic species in pure culture.
  • aleurone is shown to support in vitro growth of bifidobacteria species in a mixed human fecal fermentation.
  • aleurone is incorporated into canine feed. In this aspect aleurone is well tolerated and improves fecal characteristics including growth promotion of indigenous and probiotic bacterial species and improved stool moisture content.
  • the method of feeding companion animals may comprise the step of administering aleurone to the animal, in one or more doses, in an amount and for a period of time whereby the level of the one or more of the bowel health or metabolic indicators improves.
  • the indicator may change relative to consumption within a time period of hours, as in the case of some of the indicators such as pH, elevation of levels of SCFA, post-prandial glucose fluctuation, or it may take days such as in the case of increase in fecal bulk or improved laxation, or perhaps longer in the order of weeks or months such as in the case where the butyrate enhanced proliferation of normal colonocytes is measured.
  • the preferred method of administering aleurone to companion animals is through their daily feeding regimen for as long as they consume the product containing aleurone.
  • Dosages may vary depending on the size of the animal ingesting aleurone.
  • the target is 0.15 grams/kg body weight/day.
  • the aleurone of the present invention can be readily incorporated into food products at levels typically ingested in normal companion animal diets. Intake of at least about 1.75 g per day is thought to provide a measurable benefit, although more preferably the intakes are at least about 20-30 grams of the altered wheat starch per day.
  • humans have daily intakes of at least 100 to 200 g of starchy food products such as bread or pasta, which means that levels of altered starch in the food product of at least 5 to 10% will typically provide a beneficial effect. It is proposed that levels of less than that, for example, as low as 1% will also give a beneficial effect which may or may not be immediately measurable.
  • livestock animals include but are not limited to cows, sheep, pigs, horses
  • companion animals include but are not limited to dogs and cats.
  • the method may be particularly applicable to non-ruminant mammals or animals such as mono-gastric mammals.
  • the invention may also be applicable to other agricultural animals for example poultry including, for example, chicken, geese, ducks, turkeys, or quails, or fish.
  • Dietary fibers are formulated into companion animal diets to improve gut microbial ecology, improve stool quality, increase mineral absorption, and improve immune status. Many soluble fibers are not hydrolyzed in the mammalian small intestine but are fermented rapidly in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Oligosaccharides from these fibers are fermented to yield short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Research has indicated SCFA may have a profound effect on gut morphology and cellular turnover.
  • One desirable fatty acid is butyric acid. Butyrate serves as a nutritional source for coloncytes (Sakata, 1987), and has been shown to be inhibitory to adverse cell proliferation and cyclo-oxygenase activity.
  • Trace salt solution MgSO 4 , 1%; MnCl 2 , 2%; FeCl 3 , 0.135%; and, CaCl 2 , 0.04%.
  • Aleurone fermented by canine fecal flora in vitro had greater butyric acid in the fermentates than other known prebiotic substrates such as chicory root, inulin, and resistant starch (Figure 1).
  • gas production was lower when aleurone was utilized as a sole carbon source compared to other prebiotic fibers ( Figure 2). This should result in less flatulence in dogs consuming aleurone as a fiber source.
  • pH was not drastically affected by aleurone during fermentation ( Figure 2). The reason for a higher pH after aleurone fermentation is that aleurone is only approximately 50% carbohydrate compared to the other fibers at much higher sugar levels.
  • aleurone The ability of aleurone to promote growth of known probiotic strains was tested by inoculating a basal MRS medium with no carbohydrate, glucose (0.65%), inulin (0.65%), or aleurone (1%) as the sole carbon sources and incubating for 24 hours at 37° C.
  • the probiotic strains tested were Enter -ococcus faecium SF-68 (Medipharm), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bf-6 (Cargill), Lactobacillus johnsonii La-I (Cargill), Lactobacillus casei LCV-I (Cargill), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LBCR-I (Cargill).
  • Prebiotic activity was determined as the ratio of growth on aleurone vs. growth on glucose according to the following formula:
  • Inulin' s prebiotic index was calculated in a similar manner by using cell counts for strains grown on inulin as opposed to aleurone.
  • probiotic strains tested utilized the prebiotics aleurone and inulin (Table 2), as measured by utilizing their cell counts after 24 hours of fermentation in MRS broth containing the individual carbon sources to calculate the prebiotic activity score. Growth on aleurone and inulin was less than on glucose for all probiotic strains. Prebiotic indexes indicated aleurone is a suitable prebiotic to support growth of probiotic organisms in vitro. Inulin has been previously reported to have positive prebiotic effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, in these experiments, inulin is suitable as a prebiotic for strains SF-68 and LCV-I, marginal for strains La-I and LBCR-I, but is minimally a prebiotic for strain Bf-6. Table 2. Prebiotic activity score of probiotic strains incubated in MRS-glucose, MRS-aleurone, or MRS-inulin broths.
  • glucose glucose
  • Example 3 Ability of aleurone to promote growth of lactic acid bacteria in vitro with a mixed human fecal flora inoculation
  • the objective of this example was to determine in vitro if aleurone has prebiotic activities in the adult human gastrointestinal tract.
  • the SHIME consists of a succession of five reactors simulating the different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract.
  • the first two reactors are of the fill and draw principle to simulate different steps in food uptake and digestion, with peristaltic pumps adding a defined amount of SHIME feed (140 mL 3x/day) and pancreatic and bile liquid (60 mL 3x/day), respectively to the stomach (Vl) and duodenum (V2) compartment and emptying the respective reactors after specified intervals.
  • the last three compartments are continuously stirred reactors with constant volume and pH control. Retention time and pH of the different vessels are chosen in order to resemble in vivo conditions in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Stabilization period For the evaluation of prebiotics, the colon compartments of the SHIME reactors was first inoculated with an isolated fecal microbial community of a selected healthy volunteer. The SHIME reactor was operated under nominal conditions to stabilize the microbial community and let it adapt its metabolic activity and community composition to the conditions prevailing in the respective colon compartments. This stabilization period lasted for 3 weeks.
  • Basal period During the basal period, the SHIME reactor was operated under nominal conditions. Parameters such as short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and ammonium production was determined 3 times/week and plate count analysis was performed once a week for selected bacterial groups. The results of these analyses served as the background values to be used to compare the measured parameters from the treatment period. The basal period lasted 2 weeks.
  • SCFA short chain fatty acid
  • Treatment period During the treatment period, the SHIME reactor was operated under nominal conditions, but with a modified diet containing a lower amount of starch in the medium compared to that of the basal period. In parallel, the diet of the SHIME was supplemented with aleurone. The dosage rate was set at 2.5 g/d. SCFA and ammonium production was determined 3 times/week and plate count analysis was performed once a week. This treatment period lasted for 3 weeks.
  • Washout period During the washout period, the SHIME reactor was operated under nominal conditions, with the initial diet. SCFA and ammonium production were determined 3 times/week and plate count analysis was performed once a week. Analysis of these microbial parameters allowed assessing whether changes from the treatment period normalize to the levels of the basal period.
  • SCFA Short chain fatty acids
  • Table 3 describes the effect of aleurone on counts of 4 bacterial groups from different SHIME compartments representing the ascending, transverse, and descending colon. None of the counts were significantly different between the control and treatment period, but an increase in bifidobacteria was observed with this mixed flora population. Table 3. Selected bacterial counts from the SHIME Colon Compartments.
  • Short chain fatty acid production by the intestinal microbial community consisted mainly of acetate, propionate, and butyrate with small amounts of isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, and caproic acid. Supplementation of aleurone in the liquid medium induced specific changes in the fatty acid profiles, mainly in the ascending colon compartment ( Figure 3). Total fatty acid production remained virtually unchanged whereas acetic acid increased, propionate decreased slightly, and butyric acid increased in the ascending colon compartment, but remained virtually unchanged in the transverse and descending colon compartments.
  • Example 4 Effect of feeding aleurone in pet food on canine feces characteristics.
  • Feces quality was subjectively graded on a 7- point scale with one being rock solid and 7 being a consistency of water. A good quality feces (smooth, shiny appearance) was scored with a "3". Feces were scored on every bowel movement. Feces pH was measured on samples taken at day 0, 7, and 14 in each variable testing period. A completely voided sample was used for each test. Thoroughly mixed feces samples (10 g) were solublized in distilled, deionized water (90 g), and pH was measured using a standardized laboratory pH meter. Data was analyzed by ANOVA.
  • Aleurone is well accepted by dogs consuming food top dressed with the fiber.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés de traitement, de maintien ou d’amélioration de la qualité des fèces et de la santé du tractus gastro-intestinal de mammifères. La présente invention concerne en outre des produits alimentaires qui peuvent être utilisés pour traiter, maintenir ou améliorer la qualité des fèces et la santé du tractus gastro-intestinal de mammifères. Dans au moins un aspect de l’invention, le procédé comprend l’introduction d’aleurone dans l’alimentation d’un mammifère. Dans un autre aspect, le produit alimentaire comprend de l’aleurone.
PCT/US2009/064787 2008-11-24 2009-11-17 Aleurone en tant que fibre prébiotique pour une santé intestinale améliorée Ceased WO2010059624A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/128,138 US20110212881A1 (en) 2008-11-24 2009-11-17 Aleurone as a prebiotic fiber for improved intestinal health
CA2731703A CA2731703A1 (fr) 2008-11-24 2009-11-17 Aleurone en tant que fibre prebiotique pour une sante intestinale amelioree
MX2011001068A MX2011001068A (es) 2008-11-24 2009-11-17 Aleurona como fibra prebiotica para salud intestinal mejorada.
EP09828109A EP2367445A4 (fr) 2008-11-24 2009-11-17 Aleurone en tant que fibre prébiotique pour une santé intestinale améliorée

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20009908P 2008-11-24 2008-11-24
US61/200,099 2008-11-24

Publications (1)

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WO2010059624A1 true WO2010059624A1 (fr) 2010-05-27

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PCT/US2009/064787 Ceased WO2010059624A1 (fr) 2008-11-24 2009-11-17 Aleurone en tant que fibre prébiotique pour une santé intestinale améliorée

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Country Link
US (1) US20110212881A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2367445A4 (fr)
CA (1) CA2731703A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2011001068A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010059624A1 (fr)

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WO2016034828A1 (fr) 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Universite Joseph Fourier Traitement de la toxicité hépatique et cérébrale induite par au moins un polluant
CN109172558A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-11 南京农业大学 丙酸盐在促进猪肠胃发育中的应用、一种动物饲料添加剂及使用方法

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CN114025620A (zh) * 2019-01-18 2022-02-08 马斯公司 用于治疗肠道生态失调的方法和组合物

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DE3921023C1 (en) * 1989-06-27 1990-08-02 Helmut 8230 Bad Reichenhall De Aberham Nutritional foodstuff with nutty flavour - comprises grain with specified sieve fraction contg. aleurone layer in enzyme activated state
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US20070212447A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2007-09-13 Yoichi Nogata Food Ingredient Including Enriched Free Amino Acids and Their Production Method
WO2008094434A2 (fr) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Compositions comprenant de l'isolat de protéine de froment et procédés s'y rapportant

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MCINTOSH ET AL.: "Wheat Aleurone Flour Increases Cecal b-Glucuronidase Activity and Butyrate Concentration and Reduces Colon Adenoma Burden in Azoxymethane-Treated Rats.", THE JOUMAL OF NUTRITION., 2001, pages 127 - 131, XP002682269 *
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016034828A1 (fr) 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Universite Joseph Fourier Traitement de la toxicité hépatique et cérébrale induite par au moins un polluant
FR3025427A1 (fr) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-11 Univ Joseph Fourier Procede de traitement preventif ou curatif des alterations induites par les polluants organiques persistants
CN109172558A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-11 南京农业大学 丙酸盐在促进猪肠胃发育中的应用、一种动物饲料添加剂及使用方法

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EP2367445A1 (fr) 2011-09-28
EP2367445A4 (fr) 2012-10-10
US20110212881A1 (en) 2011-09-01
MX2011001068A (es) 2011-03-24

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