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WO2010059169A1 - Béton conducteur pour chauffage et sécurité électrique - Google Patents

Béton conducteur pour chauffage et sécurité électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010059169A1
WO2010059169A1 PCT/US2008/084564 US2008084564W WO2010059169A1 WO 2010059169 A1 WO2010059169 A1 WO 2010059169A1 US 2008084564 W US2008084564 W US 2008084564W WO 2010059169 A1 WO2010059169 A1 WO 2010059169A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductive
concrete
layer
heating system
radiant heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2008/084564
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Y. Tuan
Lim Nguyen
Bing Chen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Nebraska Lincoln
University of Nebraska System
Original Assignee
University of Nebraska Lincoln
University of Nebraska System
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Nebraska Lincoln, University of Nebraska System filed Critical University of Nebraska Lincoln
Priority to PCT/US2008/084564 priority Critical patent/WO2010059169A1/fr
Publication of WO2010059169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010059169A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/90—Electrical properties
    • C04B2111/94—Electrically conducting materials

Definitions

  • Conventional concrete is not electrically conductive.
  • the electrical resistivity of normal weight concrete ranges between 6.54 and 11 k ⁇ m.
  • a hydrating concrete consists of pore solution and solids, including aggregates, hydrates and unhydrated cement.
  • the electric resistivity of the pore solution in cement paste is about 0.25 - 0.35 ⁇ m.
  • a conductive concrete slab comprising a conductive concrete mixture, comprising cement, a conductive aggregate, water, and conductive materials, wherein said conductive materials are selected from a group comprising carbon and graphite particles, and at least two electrodes embedded in said conductive concrete mixture at spaced locations is provided.
  • an indoor radiant heating system comprising a plurality of prefabricated conductive concrete panels affixed in spaced relation to an existing structure, wherein each conductive concrete panel comprises a cementitious composite admixed with conductive materials and at least two electrodes in contact with the panel, a voltage source that applies a voltage differential across the electrodes, thereby causing an electric current to flow through the conductive concrete panel, and an electrical control system that controls the voltage source according to a desired temperature setting is provided.
  • a high voltage system comprising at least two conductive elements with a high voltage differential between the two conductive elements, at least one structural element proximate to at lease one of the at least two conductive elements, and a conductive concrete slab in electrical contact with the at least one conductive structural element and electrical ground is provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the heated bridge deck system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of a section of a heated bridge deck system incorporating an electrical power source to heat the surface layer of the pavement;
  • FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of a section of a heated bridge deck system incorporating a microwave/radio frequency energy source to heat the surface layer of the pavement;
  • FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of a section an embodiment of the present invention utilized in an indoor radiant heating system
  • FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention being utilized in an indoor radiant heating system
  • FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of a section of an alternative embodiment of the present invention being utilized in an indoor radiant heating system; and FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention being used to ground random currents generated on a high speed rail system.
  • Conductive concrete may be defined as a cement-based admixture, which contains a certain amount of electrically conductive components to attain a stable electrical conductivity to enable conduction of electricity through concrete.
  • a conductive concrete mixture has been developed which contains various amounts of conductive materials. Due to the electrical resistance in the conductive concrete mixture, heat is generated when connected to a power source.
  • the conductive concrete of the present invention is made by mixing cement, aggregate, water, and conductive materials.
  • Type I or Type III Cement may be used and may comprise 12-16% of the total volume of conductive concrete. (Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages are based upon the total volume of conductive concrete.) Cement may more specifically comprise 14-16% by volume.
  • Particles made of carbon and graphite may be used to make the mixture easier to blend and pump.
  • Low-carbon steel fibers having aspect ratios between 18 and 53 may be used.
  • the fibers should be rectangular in shape with a deformed or corrugated surface to insure a bond with the concrete. Suitable fibers can be obtained from both Fibercon International and Novocon. Carbon and graphite products are commercially available and have good quality control.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,825,444 discloses a similar conductive concrete composition and is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the volume fractions of steel fibers and the carbon and graphite particles in the concrete mix may be optimized to provide the required conductivity and adequate mechanical strength.
  • a range for achieving optimal mechanical strength and uniform, stable heating is a concrete mixture containing between 15 and 30% by volume carbon and graphite particles and between 1 and 3 % by volume steel fibers. More particularly, carbon and graphite particles and steel fibers comprise 20-25% and 1-2% by volume respectively. Mixtures in these ranges will provide good conductivity, high mechanical strength and a smooth finished surface. Mixtures with less than these amounts of fibers and particles may not efficiently conduct an electrical current and therefore may not efficiently heat the surface. Mixtures with more than these amounts of fibers and particles may create an unacceptably rough surface.
  • conductive concrete composition may include: 1.5% steel fiber, 20% carbon and graphite particles, 15% cement, 2.5% Fly Ash, 1% Silica Fume, 18% fine aggregate, 20% coarse aggregate, 8% Superplasticizer, and water at a water/cement ratio between 0.3 and 0.4. If water reducer is used as the Superplasticizer, 4 oz./100 lbs. of cementitious materials are used. If HRWR is used, 16 oz./100 lbs. of cementitious materials are used.
  • the Superplasticizer has no bearing on the conductivity, but improves the durability and workability of the conductive concrete mixture.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,825,444 discloses a heated bridge deck that uses electrodes embedded within conductive concrete and connected to a power source to remove snow and ice accumulation.
  • the system disclosed includes molding a cement-based mixture containing conductive materials into pre-formed slabs and then placing them atop the paved surface of a bridge deck.
  • Steel shavings are used in the cement-based mixture to improve conductivity.
  • the use of steel shavings may cause concerns regarding a potential risk of eye injury.
  • there are potential issues with production and quality control, and the heating systems disclosed have potential energy efficiency issues.
  • FIGS. 1- 4 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Bridge deck 20 is comprised of a plurality of pre-formed concrete slabs 22 situated in horizontal spaced relation to one another as shown. Each horizontal row of pre-formed concrete slabs 22 spans the width of the bridge deck 20. A plurality of horizontal rows situated in spaced relation to one another span the entire length of the bridge deck 20.
  • the concrete slabs 22 are formed of conductive concrete and have a pair of electrodes 24, 26 embedded therein as will be more fully described below. The details of the electrodes themselves are more fully disclosed in column 15, lines 1-58 of the 6,825,444 patent.
  • the electrodes 24, 26 within each concrete slab 22 may be spaced four to six feet apart.
  • Wire connectors 28 and 30 are secured at one end to the electrodes 24 and 26, respectively, by means well known in the art, such as a soldered, crimped, welded, or bolted connection.
  • the opposite ends of the wire connectors 28, 30 extend outside of the concrete slabs 22 and are operably connected to a power source (not shown) by means well known in the art.
  • a power source (not shown) by means well known in the art.
  • Many suitable power sources are disclosed in columns 13-14, lines 55-67 and 1-41 of the 6,825,444 patent.
  • the wire connectors 28, 30 are connected to the power source such that a first electrode 24 embedded in one concrete slab is situated next to a second electrode in the adjacent concrete slab.
  • the concrete layer of the bridge deck system of the present invention may be cast-in-place rather than comprised of pre-formed concrete slabs. In fact, a cast-in-place system may be more cost-effective for existing bridge decks.
  • one embodiment of this system is comprised of a first layer 32, a second layer 34, a third layer 40, and a thermal insulating layer 36.
  • the first layer 32 is the bridge deck and is formed of conventional concrete.
  • a plurality of reinforcing bars 33 are embedded within the first layer 32 to increase strength as is well known in the art.
  • This first layer 32 may often be about 152.4-203.2 mm or 6-8 inches thick.
  • the thermal insulating layer 36 is formed between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34 and is preferably about 12.7 mm or 0.5 inch thick.
  • the thermal insulating layer 36 insulates the bottom face of the second layer 34 to prevent heat loss by conduction.
  • the insulating layer 36 disclosed herein consists of a mixture of 50-99% mortar and 1-50% sawdust by volume.
  • the insulating layer may consist of a mixture of 50% mortar and 50% sawdust by volume. This mixture provides efficient insulation and high enough mechanical strength to withstand the stresses due to automotive traffic. In addition, the costs associated with this insulating layer are quite low.
  • Other insulating layers such a polymer concrete (a concrete mixture containing a defined amount of polymer particles) also may be used. While the insulating layer 36 adds to the efficiency of the heating system of the present invention, it is not a necessary component for its construction. In fact, in many instances it may be desirable to eliminate thermal insulating layer 36.
  • the second layer 34 is formed of conductive concrete and may be about 50.8- 101.6 mm or 2-4 inches thick.
  • a pair of electrodes 24, 26 is embedded in the conductive concrete layer 34 near the horizontal edge of the concrete slab.
  • a power source 38 for applying electrical current to the electrodes is secured to the electrodes by wire connectors as described above.
  • the third layer 40 is a thin, non-conductive layer used as an overlay.
  • this non-conductive layer may comprise an epoxy coating of approximately 1/8 inch in thickness.
  • this non-conductive layer may comprise of regular concrete layer of approximately 1 A inch to ⁇ i inch thickness.
  • the exposed surface 41 of the non-conductive layer constitutes the surface of the bridge deck.
  • an electric current passes through the conductive concrete thereby generating heat in the concrete due to its natural electrical resistance.
  • This embodiment is preferred for use as an overlay atop an existing paved surface, although it is also well suited for use in the construction of new bridge decks, roadways, exit ramps, airport runways, street intersections, sidewalks, driveways, and other paved surfaces.
  • the bridge deck heating system illustrated comprises a first layer 42, a second layer 44, and a third layer 45.
  • the first layer 42 is the bridge deck and is formed of conventional concrete.
  • the second layer 44 is formed of conductive concrete, which constitutes the surface of the bridge deck.
  • the third layer 45 is an ice/snow layer formed on the bridge deck surface 47.
  • the relative thicknesses of the first two layers are as described above.
  • a power source 46 for applying radio frequency (RF)/microwave energy to the conductive concrete layer 44 is attached to the conductive concrete by means well known in the art.
  • a thermal insulating layer as disclosed herein may be disposed between the first 42 and second 44 layers and if so disposed, may increase the heating efficiency of this system.
  • the conductive concrete and any ice thereon acts as a lossy resonator and resonates any RF/microwave energy applied to it.
  • the application of an optimal RF/microwave frequency across this layer will cause the conductive concrete and the ice accumulation thereon to become excited. This excitation will generate heat (similar to the operation of a microwave oven) within the concrete and the ice, thus causing the ice to melt and the concrete to maintain a temperature high enough to resist ice formation.
  • Taconite should be used for coarse aggregate instead of limestone. The full disclosure of this microwave heating system is given below.
  • MICROWAVE HEATING SYSTEM Unlike the electric heating systems disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,825,444, which rely on the efficiency of heat transfer to a conductive concrete surface in an adverse winter environment to melt frozen precipitation, microwave power directly heats the snow and ice formation in a manner similar to the heating process of a microwave oven.
  • the surface of the conductive concrete, as disclosed above, along with the frozen precipitation will form a lossy microwave resonator.
  • the microwave energy will be readily absorbed by the water molecules in the ice and snow, enabling direct heating for deicing applications. This system is potentially more energy efficient than using AC electric power.
  • the radio frequency (RF) absorption coefficient of taconite is about 80 times that of ice.
  • the RF absorption coefficient of water at 1.5 0 C is about 20 times that of taconite. Therefore, if taconite is used to replace the limestone in the conductive concrete, the RF energy would be predominantly absorbed by the conductive concrete layer in an ice-covered taconite concrete surface, and a melting-ice-covered surface would readily absorb most of this energy for a direct RF heating of the ice water.
  • the RF field in an ice-covered taconite concrete surface would propagate primarily in the taconite layer due to its larger dielectric constant. However, on a melting-ice-covered taconite concrete surface the RF field would propagate predominantly in the water layer since the dielectric constant of water is larger than that of taconite.
  • FIG. 5 shows an illustration of a potential indoor radiant heating system embodied in a bathroom, for example.
  • the indoor radiant heating system 50 is comprised of a plurality of pre-formed conductive concrete panels 52, 54.
  • the wall panels may be manufactured in squares measuring from 3"x3" to 6"x6". Other shapes, such as octagons and hexagons, may also be used.
  • the plurality of panels may be affixed to existing structures using conventional means. For instance, the plurality of wall panels may be affixed to the existing wall 56 using prefabricated panels or similar means. Similarly, the plurality of floor panels may be affixed to the existing floor 58 using tongue- and-groove or similar means.
  • the indoor radiant heating system shown in FIG. 5 need not comprise of both wall and floor panels as illustrated. Rather, the system may comprise of only one of these components. Additionally, the system is not limited to wall and floor panels. Additionally, the concrete panels may come in many colors and textures and may have design patterns on the surface.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a potential embodiment of a conductive concrete panel of the indoor radiant heating system as described above.
  • the panel is comprised of a layer of conductive concrete 62 with electrodes 64, 66 embedded in a configuration as to reduce the voltage differential across the electrodes to be below 24 volts.
  • a voltage differential is a concept well known in the art and can be defined as the potential difference between two points.
  • Such electrode configurations are well known in the art. Ensuring that the voltage in the conductive concrete does not exceed 24 volts effectively heats the plurality of conductive concrete panels and ensures that the system is safe for human touch.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of a conductive concrete panel of the indoor radiant heating system, which is similar to FIG. 6 expect that it further comprises of a thin non-conductive layer 82 affixed to the layer of conductive concrete 62.
  • This non- conductive layer may range from 1/32 to 1/16 inches in thickness.
  • Exemplary materials for constructing this layer include ceramic spray, polymer coating, and paint.
  • a control system similar to that disclosed in column 14, lines 44-67 of the 6,825,444 patent may be applied to control the operation of the indoor radiant heating system.
  • a user may calibrate the control system by entering a desired temperature setting.
  • the control system may then keep the plurality of conductive concrete panels at the desired temperature setting by controlling the voltage applied to the electrodes according to the feedback acquired by temperature sensors, such as infrared (IR) sensors.
  • IR infrared
  • Humidity sensors may or may not be included.
  • Various power sources such as those disclosed in the 6,825,444 patent may be used.
  • High-speed rail systems are common forms of transportation in certain parts of the world such as Europe and Japan. Most of these high speed rail systems use overhead electrification in the form of high- voltage cables to power the trains. These cables often carry voltages in excess of 1,500 volts. These high voltages increase the chance of random electrical currents being generated. Needless to say, these currents pose potential safety risks. Additionally, there is a concern that metallic parts in the rail system exposed to these high voltages will corrode at increased rates creating additional safety concerns.
  • This embodiment of the present invention may be used to ground random currents generated by high voltage systems such as those used by high speed trains.
  • FIG. 8 shows a high speed train 80 on a high speed rail system 82 being powered by a high voltage cable system 86.
  • a conductive concrete slab 84 is placed beneath the high speed rail system as to be in electrical contact with the conductive structural elements of the high speed rail system. In operation, any random electric currents passing through any conductive structural elements of the rail system will be grounded by the conductive concrete slab.
  • the conductive concrete slab may be constructed of the conductive concrete mixture as disclosed above. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the exact configuration, size, and shape of the conductive concrete slab will vary according to the layout of the high speed rail system. Additionally, the present invention should not limited to use on high speed rail systems only, but rather it could be used in any high-voltage system that has conductive elements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un béton conducteur contenant des quantités variables de matériaux conducteurs. On prépare le béton conducteur en mélangeant du ciment, un granulat, de l'eau, et des matériaux conducteurs. Les matériaux conducteurs peuvent inclure aussi bien des fibres métalliques que des particules métalliques. Des particules constituées de carbone et de graphite peuvent être utilisées pour rendre le mélange plus facile à homogénéiser et à pomper. Des granulats conducteurs tels que minerai de fer, minerai de cuivre, et taconite peuvent également être utilisés. En raison de la résistance électrique dans le mélange de béton conducteur, il y a génération de chaleur lors de la connexion à une source d'énergie. Un système de chauffage par micro-ondes qui chauffe efficacement le béton conducteur grâce aux propriétés d'absorption des radiofréquences de la taconite est également décrit. Plusieurs applications du béton conducteur sont décrites, parmi lesquelles une dalle de béton conducteur, un système de chauffage par rayonnement, un système de chauffage intérieur par rayonnement, et une installation haute tension.
PCT/US2008/084564 2008-11-24 2008-11-24 Béton conducteur pour chauffage et sécurité électrique Ceased WO2010059169A1 (fr)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2510118A (en) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-30 Electro Conductive Concrete Ltd Electrically conductive building material containing pulverized fuel ash or fly ash derivatives
US10034418B1 (en) 2015-11-04 2018-07-24 Nutech Ventures Concrete mix for shotcrete applications for electromagnetic shielding
CN108358519A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2018-08-03 广州大学 一种具备压敏特性的碱激发粉煤灰矿渣导电混凝土及其制备方法
US10256006B1 (en) 2015-12-18 2019-04-09 Nutech Ventures Electrically conductive concrete mix for electromagnetic (EM) ground plane
WO2019145617A1 (fr) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 Bardou Margaux Composition electro-conductive pour matériau et ses applications
US10385519B2 (en) 2016-04-06 2019-08-20 Nutech Ventures Systems and methods for construction of electrically conductive concrete slab with protection from current leakage
EP3739120A1 (fr) 2019-05-15 2020-11-18 Eiffage Infrastructures Chaussee a interface conductrice, son procede de construction et un procede de chauffage de cette chaussee
CN112521076A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-03-19 中国十七冶集团有限公司 一种铁尾矿大坍落度高强导电混凝土及其制备方法
CN113631526A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2021-11-09 Sika技术股份公司 导电砂浆
CN114165024A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-03-11 南京林业大学 一种钢纤维石墨导电混凝土保温地暖结构
CN114620972A (zh) * 2022-02-23 2022-06-14 武汉理工大学 一种电热水泥板材及其制备方法
WO2022189027A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Harold Scholz & Co. Gmbh Matériau de construction électroconducteur, en particulier béton, comprenant un additif à base de graphite électroconducteur
WO2022189026A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Harold Scholz & Co. Gmbh Matériau de construction électriquement conducteur, en particulier béton, comprenant un additif électriquement conducteur à base de fibres de carbone et de graphite
GB2609437A (en) 2021-07-30 2023-02-08 The Poured Project Ltd A mouldable, heatable item
US11753337B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-09-12 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Electrically conductive concrete composition and system design for resistive heating of pavements with low volume fractions of carbon microfiber
WO2023209469A1 (fr) * 2022-04-25 2023-11-02 Voltocrete Innovation Kft. Structure de chauffage de surface électrique à base de ciment et son procédé de fabrication
US12234190B2 (en) 2019-07-26 2025-02-25 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Electrically-conductive asphalt concrete containing carbon fibers

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2510118A (en) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-30 Electro Conductive Concrete Ltd Electrically conductive building material containing pulverized fuel ash or fly ash derivatives
US10034418B1 (en) 2015-11-04 2018-07-24 Nutech Ventures Concrete mix for shotcrete applications for electromagnetic shielding
US10256006B1 (en) 2015-12-18 2019-04-09 Nutech Ventures Electrically conductive concrete mix for electromagnetic (EM) ground plane
US10385519B2 (en) 2016-04-06 2019-08-20 Nutech Ventures Systems and methods for construction of electrically conductive concrete slab with protection from current leakage
WO2019145617A1 (fr) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 Bardou Margaux Composition electro-conductive pour matériau et ses applications
FR3077294A1 (fr) * 2018-01-29 2019-08-02 Margaux Bardou Composition pour materiau electroconductif et ses applications
CN108358519B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2020-07-31 广州大学 一种具备压敏特性的碱激发粉煤灰矿渣导电混凝土及其制备方法
CN108358519A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2018-08-03 广州大学 一种具备压敏特性的碱激发粉煤灰矿渣导电混凝土及其制备方法
US11753337B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-09-12 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Electrically conductive concrete composition and system design for resistive heating of pavements with low volume fractions of carbon microfiber
EP3739120A1 (fr) 2019-05-15 2020-11-18 Eiffage Infrastructures Chaussee a interface conductrice, son procede de construction et un procede de chauffage de cette chaussee
FR3096059A1 (fr) 2019-05-15 2020-11-20 Eiffage Infrastructures Chaussee a interface conductrice, son procede de construction et un procede de chauffage de cette chaussee
CN113631526A (zh) * 2019-05-28 2021-11-09 Sika技术股份公司 导电砂浆
US12234190B2 (en) 2019-07-26 2025-02-25 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Electrically-conductive asphalt concrete containing carbon fibers
CN112521076A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-03-19 中国十七冶集团有限公司 一种铁尾矿大坍落度高强导电混凝土及其制备方法
CN112521076B (zh) * 2020-12-15 2023-01-17 中国十七冶集团有限公司 一种铁尾矿大坍落度高强导电混凝土及其制备方法
WO2022189027A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Harold Scholz & Co. Gmbh Matériau de construction électroconducteur, en particulier béton, comprenant un additif à base de graphite électroconducteur
WO2022189026A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Harold Scholz & Co. Gmbh Matériau de construction électriquement conducteur, en particulier béton, comprenant un additif électriquement conducteur à base de fibres de carbone et de graphite
GB2609437A (en) 2021-07-30 2023-02-08 The Poured Project Ltd A mouldable, heatable item
CN114165024A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-03-11 南京林业大学 一种钢纤维石墨导电混凝土保温地暖结构
CN114620972A (zh) * 2022-02-23 2022-06-14 武汉理工大学 一种电热水泥板材及其制备方法
WO2023209469A1 (fr) * 2022-04-25 2023-11-02 Voltocrete Innovation Kft. Structure de chauffage de surface électrique à base de ciment et son procédé de fabrication

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