WO2010058545A1 - 撮像装置 - Google Patents
撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010058545A1 WO2010058545A1 PCT/JP2009/006113 JP2009006113W WO2010058545A1 WO 2010058545 A1 WO2010058545 A1 WO 2010058545A1 JP 2009006113 W JP2009006113 W JP 2009006113W WO 2010058545 A1 WO2010058545 A1 WO 2010058545A1
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- mirror
- photosensitive cell
- light
- reflected
- light beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/806—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
- H10F39/182—Colour image sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an imaging element structure of an imaging apparatus.
- image sensors In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in functionality and performance of digital cameras and digital movies using solid-state image sensors such as CCDs and CMOSs (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “image sensors”).
- image sensors due to advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology, the pixel structure in a solid-state image sensor has been miniaturized. As a result, higher integration of pixels and drive circuits of solid-state image sensors has been attempted. For this reason, in a few years, the number of pixels of the image sensor has increased significantly from 1 million pixels to 10 million pixels. On the other hand, with the increase in the number of pixels of the image sensor, the amount of light (amount of light) received by one pixel has been reduced, causing a problem that the camera sensitivity is reduced.
- the light utilization rate is considerably low.
- the R filter transmits R light and absorbs G light and B light.
- the G filter transmits G light and absorbs R light and B light.
- the B filter transmits B light and absorbs R light and G light. That is, the light transmitted through each color filter is one of the three RGB colors, and the other two colors are absorbed by the color filter, so that the light used is about 1/3 of the visible light incident on the color filter. It is.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of increasing the amount of received light by attaching a microlens array to the light receiving portion of the image sensor. According to this method, the light aperture ratio can be substantially improved by condensing with the microlens. This method is currently used for most solid-state imaging devices. When this method is used, the substantial aperture ratio is improved, but it does not solve the problem of a decrease in the light utilization rate due to the color filter.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a solid-state imaging device having a structure that captures light to the maximum extent by combining a dichroic mirror and a microlens as a method for simultaneously solving the problems of a decrease in light utilization rate and a decrease in sensitivity.
- This apparatus uses a plurality of dichroic mirrors that selectively transmit light in a specific wavelength range and reflect light in other wavelength ranges without absorbing light. Each dichroic mirror selects only the necessary light, enters the corresponding light sensing unit, and transmits other light.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the image sensor disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- the light incident on the condensing microlens 11 is incident on the first dichroic mirror 13 after the light flux is adjusted by the inner lens 12.
- the first dichroic mirror 13 transmits red (R) light, but reflects other colors of light.
- the light transmitted through the first dichroic mirror 13 is incident on the photosensitive cell 23 immediately below.
- the light reflected by the first dichroic mirror 13 enters the adjacent second dichroic mirror 14.
- the second dichroic mirror 14 reflects green (G) light and transmits blue (B) light.
- the green light reflected by the second dichroic mirror 14 enters the photosensitive cell 24 immediately below it.
- the blue light transmitted through the second dichroic mirror 14 is reflected by the third dichroic mirror 15 and is incident on the photosensitive cell 25 immediately below the third dichroic mirror 15.
- visible light incident on the condensing microlens 11 is not absorbed by the color filter, and each component of RGB is detected without waste by the three photosensitive cells.
- FIG. 11A shows a dichroic prism of a two-tube color camera disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- FIG. 11B shows a dichroic prism of a three-tube type color camera disclosed in Patent Document 4.
- a dichroic prism 21 shown in FIG. 11A separates incident light into light other than G light (R / B light) and G light.
- the dichroic prism 22 shown in FIG. 11B separates incident light into R light, G light, and B light.
- Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4 do not use a color filter that selectively transmits light in a specific wavelength range and absorbs light in other wavelength ranges. Instead, Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4 are common in that an optical element that selectively transmits / reflects light in a specific wavelength range is used. By using an optical element having such a color separation function, the light utilization rate is greatly increased.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for increasing the utilization factor of light using a dichroic mirror and reflection.
- FIG. 12 shows a part of a cross-sectional view of an image sensor using the technique.
- dichroic mirrors 32 and 33 are disposed in a translucent resin 31.
- the dichroic mirror 32 transmits G light and reflects R light and B light.
- the dichroic mirror 33 transmits R light and reflects G light and B light.
- R light and G light can all be detected by the following principle.
- R light enters the dichroic mirrors 32 and 33 it is reflected by the dichroic mirror 32, further totally reflected at the interface between the translucent resin 31 and air, and enters the dichroic mirror 33. All of the R light incident on the dichroic mirror 33 passes through the R dye-transmitting organic dye filter 35 and the microlens 36, but a part of the light is reflected by the metal layer 37, but almost all is incident on the light sensing unit.
- the G light When the G light is incident on the dichroic mirrors 32 and 33, the G light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 33, further totally reflected at the interface between the translucent resin 31 and air, and incident on the dichroic mirror 32. All the G light incident on the dichroic mirror 32 passes through the G light transmitting organic dye filter 34 and the microlens 36 and enters the light sensing unit with almost no loss.
- the present invention provides an imaging technique including colorization using a dichroic mirror without significantly increasing the number of photosensitive cells and causing almost no light loss. Furthermore, the present invention enables not only visible light but also separation of infrared rays and polarized light.
- An imaging device is an imaging device including an imaging device, an optical system that forms an image on an imaging surface of the imaging device, and a video signal processing unit that processes an electrical signal output from the imaging device.
- the imaging element includes a plurality of unit elements arranged on the imaging surface, and each of the plurality of unit elements includes a first photosensitive cell, a second photosensitive cell, and the first photosensitive element.
- a light-transmitting member provided above the light-sensitive cell and the second light-sensitive cell, and a first light-transmitting member provided inside the light-transmitting member and disposed corresponding to the first light-sensitive cell.
- the first mirror reflects a light beam in a first wavelength range included in the light incident on the first mirror, and is included in the light incident on the first mirror.
- Light in the first wavelength range that is transmitted by light rays outside the wavelength range and reflected by the first mirror Is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, enters the second photosensitive cell, and passes through the first mirror.
- the second photosensitive cell outputs the light beam in the first wavelength range reflected by the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, and without passing through the first mirror.
- the first wavelength band in the first wavelength region by processing including a difference calculation with respect to the signal. And outputs information about the amount of the line.
- the translucent member included in each of the plurality of unit elements is a part of a transparent layer provided on the imaging surface.
- the translucent member is in contact with air at the boundary surface.
- the second photosensitive cell is adjacent to the first photosensitive cell.
- the light beam in the first wavelength range reflected by the first mirror is totally reflected at an interface between the translucent member and the other member.
- At least one of the shape of the first mirror and the relative position with respect to the first photosensitive cell included in the unit element located at the center of the imaging surface among the plurality of unit elements is:
- the plurality of unit elements are different from at least one of the shape of the first mirror and the relative position with respect to the first photosensitive cell included in the unit elements positioned around the imaging surface.
- the first wavelength band corresponds to an infrared wavelength band.
- each of the plurality of unit elements is provided in a third photosensitive cell, a fourth photosensitive cell, and the translucent member.
- a second mirror arranged correspondingly, wherein the second mirror reflects a light beam in a second wavelength region included in the light incident on the second mirror, and the second mirror The light in the second wavelength region that is transmitted through the light other than the second wavelength region and is reflected by the second mirror is transmitted at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member.
- Light rays that are reflected, incident on the third photosensitive cell, and transmitted through the second mirror enter the fourth photosensitive cell, and enter the fourth photosensitive cell.
- the photosensitive cell 4 receives a light beam outside the second wavelength range that has passed through the second mirror, and outputs a fourth pixel signal corresponding to the amount of the received light beam. Outputs at least information on the amount of light in the second wavelength region among light rays received by the plurality of unit elements by processing including a difference calculation between the third pixel signal and the fourth pixel signal. .
- the fourth photosensitive cell is adjacent to the third photosensitive cell.
- the third photosensitive cell is disposed adjacent to the first photosensitive cell, and the fourth photosensitive cell is disposed adjacent to the second photosensitive cell. Yes.
- the first photosensitive cell, the second photosensitive cell, the third photosensitive cell, and the fourth photosensitive cell are arranged one-dimensionally. .
- the first wavelength range corresponds to a red wavelength range
- the second wavelength range corresponds to a blue wavelength range
- the first photosensitive cell, the second photosensitive cell, the third photosensitive cell, and the fourth photosensitive cell all receive light in a wavelength range of at least green.
- the first mirror and the second mirror are arranged.
- the second photosensitive cell includes a first photoelectric conversion unit and a second photoelectric conversion unit
- the first photoelectric conversion unit includes the first photoelectric conversion unit.
- a third pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light is generated, and the second photoelectric conversion unit generates a fourth pixel signal corresponding to the amount of light received by the second photoelectric conversion unit.
- the first wavelength range corresponds to a red wavelength range and a blue wavelength range
- the first photoelectric conversion unit is reflected at a boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member.
- the light rays in the red wavelength region and the blue wavelength region, and the light rays incident on the second photosensitive cell without passing through the first mirror the light rays in at least the blue wavelength region are received, A third pixel signal is generated, and the second photoelectric conversion unit is configured to reflect the red wavelength band and the blue wavelength band reflected by a boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member;
- the light beam in at least the red wavelength region is received and the fourth pixel signal is generated. Difference calculation using the fourth pixel signal and the fourth pixel signal. And it outputs the color information by the processing.
- the first photoelectric conversion unit includes the light beams in the red wavelength band and the blue wavelength band reflected by a boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, and the first photoelectric conversion unit.
- the light beam Out of the light rays incident on the second photosensitive cell without passing through a mirror, the light beam receives half of the light rays in the green wavelength region and the light rays in the blue wavelength region, and outputs the third pixel signal.
- the second photoelectric conversion unit is configured to detect the second light sensing without passing through the mirror and the light beams of the red and blue wavelength regions reflected on the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member. Of the light rays incident on the cell, the light beam receives one half of the light rays in the green wavelength region and the light rays in the red wavelength region, and outputs the fourth pixel signal.
- Another imaging device of the present invention is an imaging device including an imaging device, an optical system that forms an image on an imaging surface of the imaging device, and a video signal processing unit that processes an electrical signal output from the imaging device.
- the imaging device includes a plurality of unit elements arranged in a first direction, and each of the plurality of unit elements includes a first photosensitive cell, a second photosensitive cell, and the first A light-transmitting member provided on top of the first light-sensitive cell and the second light-sensitive cell; and a light-transmitting member provided inside the light-transmitting member and disposed corresponding to the first light-sensitive cell.
- Two photosensitive cells are arranged along a direction parallel to the first direction, and the first mirror , Reflecting light in a first wavelength range included in the light incident on the first mirror, transmitting light in a wavelength other than the first wavelength included in the light incident on the first mirror, The mirror transmits a light beam in a second wavelength region included in the light incident on the second mirror, reflects a light beam outside the second wavelength region included in the light incident on the second mirror, and The light beam in the first wavelength region reflected by the first mirror is reflected by the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, is incident on the second photosensitive cell, and passes through the first mirror.
- the transmitted light beam outside the first wavelength region is incident on the first photosensitive cell, and the light beam other than the second wavelength region reflected by the second mirror is transmitted to the translucent member and the other light-transmitting member. Reflected at the interface with the member, enters the first photosensitive cell of the adjacent unit, and enters the second mirror.
- the light in the second wavelength band that has passed through the light is incident on the second light sensing cell, and the first light sensing cell and the light in a wavelength other than the first wavelength band that has passed through the first mirror.
- the photosensitive cell receives and receives the light beam in the second wavelength band that has passed through the second mirror and the light beam in the first wavelength band that is reflected by the first mirror and reflected by the boundary surface.
- a second pixel signal corresponding to the amount of the received light, and the video signal processing unit outputs color information by a process including a difference calculation between the first pixel signal and the second pixel signal.
- each of the plurality of unit elements is provided in a third photosensitive cell, a fourth photosensitive cell, and the translucent member, and the third photosensitive cell is provided in the third photosensitive cell.
- a third mirror disposed correspondingly; and a fourth mirror disposed inside the light transmissive member and disposed corresponding to the fourth light-sensitive cell.
- the fourth photosensitive cell are arranged along a direction parallel to the first direction, and the third mirror is included in the third light included in the light incident on the third mirror. Reflects light in a wavelength range and transmits light in a wavelength other than the third wavelength range included in the light incident on the third mirror, and the fourth mirror is included in the light incident on the fourth mirror.
- a fourth wavelength included in the light transmitted through the fourth wavelength band and incident on the fourth mirror The light in the third wavelength region reflected by the third mirror is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, and is reflected by the fourth photosensitive cell. Light rays outside the third wavelength range that have entered and transmitted through the third mirror are incident on the third photosensitive cell, and light rays outside the fourth wavelength range reflected by the fourth mirror are The light in the fourth wavelength range reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, incident on the third photosensitive cell of the adjacent unit element, and transmitted through the fourth mirror.
- the third photosensitive cell is incident on the fourth photosensitive cell, and the third photosensitive cell transmits a light beam other than the third wavelength band transmitted through the third mirror, and the adjacent fourth mirror and the boundary surface. And a third pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light that is received by the light beam outside the fourth wavelength range reflected by The fourth photosensitive cell outputs the light in the fourth wavelength range that has passed through the fourth mirror, and the light in the third wavelength range reflected by the third mirror and the boundary surface. And outputs a fourth pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light, and the video signal processing unit performs processing including a difference calculation between the third pixel signal and the fourth pixel signal. Color information different from the color information is output.
- Another imaging device of the present invention is an imaging device including an imaging device, an optical system that forms an image on an imaging surface of the imaging device, and a video signal processing unit that processes an electrical signal output from the imaging device.
- the imaging element includes a plurality of unit elements arranged in a two-dimensional manner, and each of the plurality of unit elements includes a first photosensitive cell, a second photosensitive cell, and the first photosensitive element.
- the light-sensitive cell and the light-transmitting member provided on the second light-sensitive cell, and a light-transmitting member provided in the light-transmitting member and disposed in correspondence with the first light-sensitive cell.
- the first polarizing mirror transmits a first polarizing component of light incident on the first polarizing mirror and is orthogonal to the first polarizing component.
- the first polarization component reflected by the first polarization mirror and transmitted through the first polarization mirror is
- the second polarization component incident on the first photosensitive cell and reflected by the first polarizing mirror is reflected by the boundary surface between the translucent member and another member, and the second light.
- the light enters the sensing cell, and the first light sensing cell receives the light beam of the first polarization component transmitted through the first polarizing mirror and outputs a first pixel signal corresponding to the amount of the received light beam.
- the second photosensitive cell is configured such that the light beam of the second polarization component reflected by the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member does not pass through the first polarization mirror.
- Polarization information is output by a process including a difference calculation with respect to the signal.
- each of the plurality of unit elements is provided in a third photosensitive cell, a fourth photosensitive cell, and the translucent member.
- a second polarizing mirror arranged correspondingly, wherein the second polarizing mirror has a 45 degree angle with respect to the first polarizing component of the light incident on the second polarizing mirror.
- the third polarization component that transmits the third polarization component forming an angle, reflects the fourth polarization component orthogonal to the third polarization component, and transmits the second polarization component is the fourth polarization component.
- the fourth polarization component incident on the photosensitive cell and reflected by the second polarizing mirror is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, and the third photosensitive cell.
- the fourth photosensitive cell transmits the second polarizing mirror and the third photosensitive cell transmits the third photosensitive mirror.
- the light component is received and a fourth pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light is output, and the third photosensitive cell is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member. And receiving the light beam of the fourth polarization component and the light beam incident on the third photosensitive cell without passing through either the first polarization mirror or the second polarization mirror.
- the video signal processing unit outputs a third pixel signal corresponding to the amount, and the video signal processing unit has a polarization different from the polarization information by a process including a difference calculation between the third pixel signal and the fourth pixel signal. Output information.
- the image pickup device of the present invention is an image pickup device including a plurality of unit elements arranged in a two-dimensional shape, and each of the plurality of unit elements includes a first photosensitive cell, a second photosensitive cell, and the like. , A translucent member provided on top of the first photosensitive cell and the second photosensitive cell, and provided in the translucent member, corresponding to the first photosensitive cell.
- a first mirror disposed, the first mirror reflecting a light beam in a first wavelength range included in the light incident on the first mirror, and entering the first mirror
- the light in the first wavelength region that is transmitted through the light beam other than the first wavelength region and reflected by the first mirror is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, and Light rays other than the first wavelength range that have entered the second photosensitive cell and transmitted through the first mirror are the first Incident into the photosensitive cell
- the first photosensitive cell receives a light beam outside the first wavelength band transmitted through the first mirror, and outputs a first pixel signal corresponding to the amount of the received light beam.
- the second photosensitive cell includes the light beam in the first wavelength band reflected by the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member and the second light beam without passing through the first mirror.
- the second pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light is output.
- Another imaging device of the present invention is an imaging device including a plurality of unit elements arranged in a first direction, and each of the plurality of unit elements includes a first photosensitive cell and a second light.
- the photosensitive cell and the second photosensitive cell are disposed along a direction parallel to the first direction, and the first mirror includes a first wavelength included in light incident on the first mirror.
- the second mirror transmits a light beam in a second wavelength range included in the light incident on the second mirror, and reflects a light beam outside the second wavelength region included in the light incident on the second mirror.
- the light beam in the first wavelength range reflected by the first mirror is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member, enters the second photosensitive cell, and The light beam outside the first wavelength band that has passed through the mirror enters the first photosensitive cell, and the light beam other than the second wavelength band reflected by the second mirror is the translucent member.
- the light in the second wavelength range that is reflected at the interface between the first member and the other member, is incident on the first photosensitive cell of the adjacent unit, and is transmitted through the second mirror.
- Light that enters the cell and the first photosensitive cell transmits light outside the first wavelength range that has passed through the first mirror.
- a light beam outside the second wavelength region reflected by the adjacent second mirror and reflected by the boundary surface and outputs a first pixel signal corresponding to the amount of the received light beam
- the second photosensitive cell receives the light beam in the second wavelength band that has passed through the second mirror, and the light beam in the first wavelength band that is reflected by the first mirror and reflected by the boundary surface;
- a second pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light is output.
- Another imaging device of the present invention is an imaging device including a plurality of unit elements arranged in a two-dimensional manner, and each of the plurality of unit elements includes a first photosensitive cell and a second photosensitive sensor.
- the first polarizing mirror transmits the first polarized component of the light incident on the first polarizing mirror, and the first polarized mirror.
- the first polarized component reflected by the second polarized component orthogonal to the component and transmitted through the first polarized mirror is incident on the first photosensitive cell and reflected by the first polarized mirror.
- the second polarization component is reflected at a boundary surface between the translucent member and another member, and the second light component is reflected.
- the first light sensing cell receives the light beam of the first polarization component transmitted through the first polarizing mirror and outputs a first pixel signal corresponding to the amount of the received light beam.
- the second photosensitive cell is configured such that the light beam of the second polarization component reflected by the boundary surface between the translucent member and the other member does not pass through the first polarization mirror. It receives light incident on the second photosensitive cell and outputs a second pixel signal corresponding to the amount of received light.
- the light rays incident on the mirror provided in the translucent member on the imaging surface are divided into the first light beam reflected by the mirror and the second light beam transmitted through the mirror. Divided.
- the first light beam is incident on the first photosensitive cell and the second light beam is incident on the second photosensitive cell.
- the amount of the first light beam and the amount of the second light beam can be obtained by a process including a difference calculation of signals output from the two photosensitive cells. Therefore, a color filter that absorbs light is unnecessary, and the light utilization rate can be increased.
- the present invention is used to obtain three RGB colors, the number of photosensitive cells can be reduced as compared with the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 1 is a perspective view showing a lens and an image sensor in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. (A) is a top view which shows the basic composition of the dichroic mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 1 of this invention
- (b) is AA 'line sectional drawing of the basic composition of the dichroic mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. , (C) is a BB ′ line cross-sectional view of the basic configuration of the dichroic mirror and the photosensitive cell in the first embodiment.
- Sectional drawing which shows the arrangement
- A) is a top view which shows the basic composition of the dichroic mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 2 of this invention
- (b) is CC 'line sectional drawing of the basic composition of the dichroic mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 2.
- (A) is a top view which shows the basic composition of the mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 3 of this invention
- (b) is AA 'sectional view taken on the line of the basic composition of the mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 3.
- (A) is a top view which shows the basic composition of the polarizing mirror and photosensitive cell in Embodiment 4 of this invention
- (b) is AA 'line sectional drawing of the basic composition of a polarizing mirror and photosensitive cell
- (c) BB 'sectional view of the basic configuration of the polarizing mirror and the photosensitive cell The top view which shows the polarization state of the light which injects into each photosensitive cell in Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- Sectional view of a conventional solid-state imaging device using a microlens and a dichroic mirror (A) is an outline drawing of an optical prism of a two-tube color camera, and (b) is an outline drawing of an optical prism of a conventional three-plate color camera.
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of an imaging apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the imaging apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes an imaging unit 100 and a video signal processing unit 200 that receives a signal from the imaging unit 100 and generates a video signal.
- a video signal processing unit 200 that receives a signal from the imaging unit 100 and generates a video signal.
- configurations and operations of the imaging unit 100 and the video signal processing unit 200 will be described.
- the imaging unit 100 includes a lens 101 for imaging a subject, an optical plate 102, an imaging element 103 that converts optical information imaged through the lens 101 and the optical plate 102 into an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion, and signal generation And a pixel signal receiving unit 104.
- the optical plate 102 is obtained by combining an infrared cut filter for removing infrared rays with a quartz low-pass filter for reducing moire patterns generated due to pixel arrangement.
- the signal generation and pixel signal receiving unit 104 generates a basic signal for driving the image sensor 103, receives a signal from the image sensor 103, and sends it to the video signal processing unit 200.
- the video signal processing unit 200 stores an image memory 201 that stores a signal received from the signal generation and pixel signal receiving unit 104, and a video signal generation unit 202 that generates a video signal (high-definition signal) from data read from the image memory 201. And an interface (IF) unit 203 for outputting a video signal to the outside.
- IF interface
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a state in which light transmitted through the lens 101 is incident on the image sensor 103.
- a large number of photosensitive cells are two-dimensionally arranged on the imaging surface 103 a of the imaging element 103.
- visible light is incident on the imaging surface 103a.
- the amount of light incident on the imaging surface 103a (incident light amount) varies depending on the incident position.
- Each photosensitive cell is typically a photodiode, and outputs an electrical signal (photoelectric conversion signal or pixel signal) corresponding to the amount of incident light by photoelectric conversion.
- the image sensor 103 is typically a CCD or CMOS sensor, and is manufactured by a known semiconductor manufacturing technique.
- an array of dichroic mirrors is provided at a position facing the surface on which the photosensitive cell array is formed.
- the dichroic mirror preferably used in the present embodiment is a known mirror formed by dielectric multilayer films having different refractive indexes.
- the dichroic mirror has a characteristic of reflecting a light beam in a specific wavelength region and transmitting a light beam in another wavelength region.
- the imaging device of the present embodiment it is possible to generate a color image signal by using light transmission and reflection by a dichroic mirror without using an RGB color filter.
- signal components corresponding to the light amounts of a plurality of different wavelength ranges are superimposed on a signal output from one photosensitive cell. Necessary color signals can be extracted by calculating a signal output from one photosensitive cell and a signal output from another photosensitive cell.
- red, green, and blue colors are represented as R, G, and B, respectively.
- FIG. 3A is a plan view showing the arrangement relationship between the dichroic mirror and the photosensitive cell array in this embodiment.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ in FIG.
- An actual imaging device includes a photosensitive cell array in which a large number of photosensitive cells are arranged in rows and columns.
- FIG. 3A shows a basic configuration including four photosensitive cells 2a to 2d and two dichroic mirrors 1a and 1d arranged in two rows and two columns.
- the dichroic mirror 1a is arranged so as to cover the photosensitive cell 2a, and the dichroic mirror 1d is arranged so as to cover the photosensitive cell 2d.
- a light transmissive member 3 is provided above the light sensing cells 2a to 2d. Dichroic mirrors 1 a and 1 d are disposed inside the translucent member 3.
- the translucent member 3 is formed as one layer on the photosensitive cell array, but does not need to be formed as a layer and is separated for each basic configuration. May be.
- the translucent member 3 may be anything as long as it has a refractive index higher than that of air and transmits visible light.
- the inclination angle of the dichroic mirror 1a is adjusted so that the light reflected by the dichroic mirror 1a is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member 3 and air and enters the adjacent photosensitive cell 2b.
- the inclination angle of the dichroic mirror 1d is adjusted so that the light reflected by the dichroic mirror 1d is reflected at the boundary surface between the translucent member 3 and air and enters the adjacent photosensitive cell 2c.
- the reflection at the boundary surface is preferably total reflection, but the effect of the present invention can be obtained even if part of the light is transmitted through the boundary surface.
- photoelectric conversion signals S2b, S2c, and S2d output from the photosensitive cells 2b, 2c, and 2d can be expressed by the following equations 2 to 4, respectively.
- S2b Rs + Gs
- S2c 2Rs + Gs + Bs
- S2d Rs + Gs + 2Bs
- 2Rs or 2Bs represents an amount twice as large as the signal of Rs or Bs.
- Equations 1 to 4 can be rewritten into the following Equations 5 to 8, respectively.
- S2a Ws ⁇ Rs
- S2b Ws + Rs
- S2c Ws + Bs
- S2d Ws ⁇ Bs
- Gs can also be obtained by subtracting Rs and Bs from Ws.
- the three color information Rs, Gs, Bs and the two luminance information Ws can be obtained without light loss by the calculation using S2a, S2b, S2c, S2d.
- all the G light components are included in the light incident on each light sensing unit, so that the visibility characteristics in the image space are good.
- two types of inclined dichroic mirrors are arranged corresponding to the photosensitive cells of the image sensor having a basic configuration of 2 rows and 2 columns.
- RGB three-color information can be obtained without loss by performing addition / subtraction processing using the photoelectric conversion signal output from each photosensitive cell.
- high-sensitivity performance that is not conventionally obtained can be obtained.
- the dichroic mirror is arranged for two photosensitive cells, there is an advantage that light reflected by the dichroic mirror is easily incident on adjacent photosensitive cells. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of manufacturing the image pickup device, the density of the dichroic mirror is lower than the pixel (photosensitive cell) density, so that there is an advantage that the dichroic mirror can be easily arranged.
- the dichroic mirror that transmits G and B light and the dichroic mirror that transmits R and G light are used.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the visible light W is represented by C1 + C2 + C3
- the complementary color of C1 is C1 ⁇
- the complementary color of C2 is C2 ⁇
- the dichroic mirror 1a transmits C1 ⁇
- the dichroic mirror 1d transmits C2 ⁇ . That's fine.
- the respective received light signals S2a, S2b, S2c, and S2d of the photosensitive cells 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are expressed by the following equations 13 to 16, respectively.
- S2a Ws ⁇ C1s (Formula 14)
- S2b Ws + C1s (Formula 15)
- S2c Ws + C2s (Formula 16)
- S2d Ws ⁇ C2s 2C1s is obtained by subtracting Equation 13 from Equation 14, and 2C1s and 2C2s are obtained by subtracting Equation 16 from Equation 15.
- 2Ws is obtained by adding Formula 14 to Formula 13.
- 2C3s is also obtained by subtracting 2C1s and 2C2s from 2Ws. As described above, information of three colors C1, C2, and C3 can be obtained without optical loss.
- the arrangement shown in FIG. 3A is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to this arrangement.
- the photosensitive cells 2a and 2b may be arranged in reverse, or the photosensitive cells 2a and 2d may be arranged in reverse.
- two types of dichroic mirrors are arranged in a checkered pattern with 2 rows and 2 columns as a basic configuration, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the photosensitive cells 2a and 2b are not necessarily adjacent to each other, and the effect of the present invention can be obtained even if other elements exist between them.
- the photosensitive cells 2c and 2d are not necessarily adjacent to each other.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention has shown that RGB three colors can be obtained without light loss using four photosensitive cells.
- the basic configuration of the image sensor of the present invention does not necessarily need to be four photosensitive cells.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 3B is used as a basic configuration, information on the R light can be obtained without loss.
- one dichroic mirror is arranged in two photosensitive cells, but the present invention is not limited to this structure. If a dichroic mirror that separates incident light into a light ray of a certain color C1 and its complementary color C1 ⁇ may be used, if each light ray can be incident on two different light-sensitive cells, one light-sensitive cell corresponds to one light-sensitive cell. Even if the dichroic mirror is arranged, the effect of the present invention can be obtained. If each of the two adjacent photosensitive cells is arranged to receive primary color light and complementary color light, signals of at least three colors can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 shows an example. In FIG.
- the dichroic mirror 1a causes the complementary colors C1 to C1 of C1 to enter the photosensitive cell 2a immediately below, and C1 enters the adjacent photosensitive cell 2b.
- the dichroic mirror 1b causes C2 to enter the photosensitive cell 2b immediately below it, and the complementary colors C2 to C2 to enter the adjacent photosensitive cell 2a.
- the light reception signals S2a and S2b of the photosensitive cells 2a and 2b can be expressed by the following equations 17 and 18, respectively.
- 2C3s can be obtained by subtracting Equation 20 from Equation 19.
- the other two colors can be obtained by changing the characteristics of the dichroic mirror with the same mechanism. Even when the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is adopted, no loss of light occurs.
- FIG. 6A is a plan view showing the basic arrangement of the dichroic mirror and the photosensitive cell of the imaging element in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a CC ′ cross-sectional view in FIG.
- the image pickup device of the present embodiment has a basic configuration of one row and two columns, and each basic configuration includes photosensitive cells 2a and 2b and a dichroic mirror 1a arranged corresponding to the photosensitive cell 2a.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the photosensitive cell 2b includes two photoelectric conversion units 4a and 4b.
- the photoelectric conversion units 4a and 4b are configured to receive light beams in different wavelength ranges and output different photoelectric conversion signals.
- the dichroic mirror 1a has characteristics of transmitting G light and reflecting R light and B light.
- the dichroic mirror 1a is inclined so that light transmitted through the dichroic mirror 1a enters the photosensitive cell 2a and light reflected by the dichroic mirror 1a enters the adjacent photosensitive cell 2b.
- the photosensitive cell 2b has two photoelectric conversion units 4a and 4b in the depth direction of the imaging device, and receives the reflected light and direct light of the dichroic mirror 1a. Since the imaging device of the present embodiment is made of silicon, the photoelectric conversion unit 4a located at the upper side receives 1/2 of the G light and B light and is located at the lower side based on the light absorption characteristics of silicon. The photosensitive cell 2b is arranged so that the photoelectric conversion unit 4b receives R light and 1 ⁇ 2 of G light.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 4a receives 1 ⁇ 2 of the G light and B light out of the incident light without passing through the dichroic mirror 1a, and mainly B out of the reflected light (R + B) from the dichroic mirror 1a. Receive light.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 4b receives 1 ⁇ 2 of the G light and R light out of the incident light without going through the dichroic mirror 1a, and mainly R of the reflected light (R + B) from the dichroic mirror 1a. Receive light.
- the photoelectric conversion signals S4a and S4b respectively output from the photoelectric conversion units 4a and 4b are represented by the following formulas 22 and 23, respectively.
- (Formula 22) S4a Bs + Gs / 2 + Bs
- S4b Rs + Gs / 2 + Rs
- S2a expressed by Equation 21 can be used as a G signal as it is.
- B signal 2Bs is obtained.
- R signal 2Rs is obtained.
- RGB signals can be obtained without loss of light.
- FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) A normal camera receives visible light using an infrared cut filter. Conversely, infrared cameras receive infrared rays using a filter that transmits infrared rays. According to the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a camera that receives both visible light and infrared light without using an infrared cut filter. In the present embodiment, a mirror that reflects infrared light and transmits visible light is used. Therefore, this embodiment is not related to colorization of the image sensor, but essentially uses the principle of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a plan view showing the basic configuration of the image sensor of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG.
- the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a mirror that reflects infrared light and transmits visible light is used instead of the dichroic mirror.
- the mirror 1e transmits visible light and enters the photosensitive cell 2e. Moreover, infrared rays are reflected and made to inject into the adjacent photosensitive cell 2f.
- the photosensitive cell 2e receives only light other than infrared light (visible light).
- the photosensitive cell 2f receives directly incident visible light and infrared light, and further infrared light reflected by the mirror 1e.
- the photoelectric conversion signals S2e and S2f output from the photosensitive cells 2e and 2f, respectively are represented by the following equations 24 and 25, respectively.
- S2e IR ⁇ s
- S2f IR ⁇ s + 2IRs
- the visible light signal IR ⁇ s is obtained from Equation 24. Further, when the equation 24 is subtracted from the equation 25, an infrared signal 2IRs is obtained.
- a mirror that reflects infrared light and transmits visible light is used, visible light is incident on a light-sensitive cell immediately below, and the reflected light is reflected on an adjacent light-sensitive cell.
- infrared rays and direct light visible light + infrared rays
- a mirror that reflects infrared light is used.
- the same effect can be obtained by using a mirror that reflects visible light.
- a color camera that does not require an infrared cut filter can also be realized.
- the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a polarization mirror that reflects a specific polarization component and transmits other polarization components is used instead of using a dichroic mirror.
- a polarization mirror that reflects a specific polarization component and transmits other polarization components is used instead of using a dichroic mirror.
- incident light is divided and imaged using a P-wave polarizing plate and an S-wave polarizing plate. That is, two cameras are necessary.
- a polarization image can be obtained with one camera by using a polarizing mirror that transmits 0-degree polarized light and a polarizing mirror that transmits 45-degree polarized light in the imaging element.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing the arrangement relationship between the polarizing mirror and the photosensitive cell array in this embodiment.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along AA ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 8A shows a basic configuration including four photosensitive cells 2a to 2d and two polarizing mirrors 5a and 5d arranged in two rows and two columns for the sake of simplicity.
- the polarizing mirror 5a transmits 0 degree polarized light and reflects 90 degree polarized light.
- the polarizing mirror 5d transmits 45-degree polarized light and reflects 135-degree polarized light.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the types of polarized light received by the photosensitive cells 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d.
- Light of 0 degree polarization is incident on the photosensitive cell 2a.
- Direct light and 90-degree polarized light that is reflected by the polarizing mirror 5a are incident on the photosensitive cell 2b.
- Direct light and 135-degree polarized light that is reflected by the polarizing mirror 5d are incident on the photosensitive cell 2c.
- 45-degree polarized light is incident on the photosensitive cell 2d.
- the photoelectric conversion signals S2a, S2b, S2c and S2d output from the photosensitive cells 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d can be expressed by the following equations 26 to 29, respectively.
- Image information of 0 degree polarization and 45 degree polarization is obtained from S2a and S2d, and image information of 90 degree polarization and 135 degree polarization is obtained from (S2b-S2a) and (S2c-S2d). Therefore, four polarization information can be obtained without loss with four pixels, and the polarization state of the image can be calculated.
- one polarizing mirror that transmits 0 degree polarized light and one polarizing mirror that transmits 45 degree polarized light are used for four photosensitive cells.
- image information of chromatic polarization, 45 degree polarization, 90 degree polarization, and 135 degree polarization can be obtained without loss.
- the shape, tilt, and relative distance from the photosensitive cell of the dichroic mirror, infrared reflecting mirror, and polarizing mirror are set to the center of the imaging surface. You may change with the periphery. By doing so, it is possible to obtain an image having no unevenness in lightness and chromaticity. Further, by providing a condensing microlens in the image sensor, it is possible to realize a camera with higher sensitivity.
- the photosensitive cells are described as being arranged in a two-dimensional square shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be applied to an array of honeycomb structures. Further, the present invention can be applied to a full-light-receiving type image pickup device such as a back-illuminated type image pickup device without any problem, and its effectiveness does not change.
- the imaging apparatus according to the present invention is used in consumer cameras using solid-state imaging devices, so-called digital cameras, solid-state cameras for digital movies and broadcasting, industrial-use solid-state surveillance cameras, and the like.
- the present invention is effective for all color cameras even if the imaging device is not a solid-state imaging device.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態における撮像装置の全体構成を示している。図1に示される撮像装置は、撮像部100と、撮像部100からの信号を受信し映像信号を生成する映像信号処理部200とを備えている。以下、撮像部100と映像信号処理部200の構成と動作を説明する。
(式1) S2a=Gs+Bs
(式2) S2b=Rs+Gs
(式3) S2c=2Rs+Gs+Bs
(式4) S2d=Rs+Gs+2Bs
(式5) S2a=Ws-Rs
(式6) S2b=Ws+Rs
(式7) S2c=Ws+Bs
(式8) S2d=Ws-Bs
(式9) S2a+S2b=2Ws
(式10) S2b-S2a=2Rs
(式11) S2c+S2d=2Ws
(式12) S2c-S2d=2Bs
(式13) S2a=Ws-C1s
(式14) S2b=Ws+C1s
(式15) S2c=Ws+C2s
(式16) S2d=Ws-C2s
式14から式13を減じることにより2C1sが得られ、式15から式16を減じることにより2C1s、2C2sが得られる。また、式13に式14を加えることにより、2Wsが得られる。さらに2Wsから2C1sおよび2C2sを減じることにより、2C3sも得られる。以上のように、C1、C2、C3の3色の情報を光損失なく得ることができる。
(式17) S2a=C1~s+C2~s
(式18) S2b=C1s+C2s
ここで、C1~s=C2s+C3s、C2~s=C1s+C3sであることから、式17、18はそれぞれ以下の式19、20のように表現できる。
(式19) S2a=Ws+C3s
(式20) S2b=Ws-C3s
次に第2の実施形態について、図6(a)、(b)を用いて説明する。図6(a)は本発明の実施形態2の撮像装置における撮像素子のダイクロイックミラーおよび光感知セルの基本配置を示す平面図である。図6(b)は図(a)におけるCC´断面図である。
(式21) S2a=Gs
(式22) S4a=Bs+Gs/2+Bs
(式23) S4b=Rs+Gs/2+Rs
次に第3の実施形態について、図7(a)、(b)を参照しながら説明する。通常のカメラでは赤外カットフィルタを利用して可視光を受ける。逆に赤外線カメラでは赤外線を透過させるフィルタを利用して赤外線を受ける。本実施形態の撮像装置によれば、赤外カットフィルタを用いずに可視光および赤外線の両方を撮像面が受けるカメラを実現できる。本実施形態では、赤外線を反射し、可視光を透過させるミラーを利用する。それ故、本実施形態は、撮像素子のカラー化に係わるものではないが、本質的には本発明の原理を利用したものである。図7(a)は、本実施形態の撮像素子の基本構成を示す平面図である。図7(b)は図7(a)のAA´断面図である。本実施形態の撮像装置は、ダイクロイックミラーに変えて、赤外線を反射し可視光を透過させるミラーを用いている点が実施形態1と異なる。
(式24) S2e=IR~s
(式25) S2f=IR~s+2IRs
次に第4の実施形態について、図8(a)~(c)および図9を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態の撮像装置は、ダイクロイックミラーを用いるのではなく、特定の偏光成分を反射し、それ以外の偏光成分を透過させる偏光ミラーを用いる点が実施形態1と異なる。通常、偏光画像を得るには、入射光をP波偏光板とS波偏光板とを用いて分割撮像する。すなわち2つのカメラが必要である。本実施形態の撮像装置によれば、撮像素子の中に0度偏光を透過させる偏光ミラーと45度偏光を透過させる偏光ミラーとを用いることにより、1つのカメラで偏光画像を得ることができる。
(式26) S2a=P0s
(式27) S2b=P0s+2P90s
(式28) S2c=P45s+2P135s
(式29) S2d=P45s
ここで、0度偏光の光電変換信号をP0s、45度偏光の光電変換信号をP45s、90度偏光の光電変換信号をP90s、135度偏光の光電変換信号をP135sとしている。また、直接光の信号を式27においては(P0s+P90s)で表し、式28においては(P45s+P135s)と表している。
1e 赤外線反射ミラー
2a、2b、2c、2d、2e、2f 撮像素子の光感知セル
3 透光性部材
4a、4b 光電変換部
5a、5d 偏光ミラー
11 マイクロレンズ
12 インナーレンズ
13 赤(R)以外を反射するダイクロイックミラー
14 緑(G)のみを反射するダイクロイックミラー
15 青(B)のみを反射するダイクロイックミラー
21 2管式カラーカメラの光学プリズム
22 従来の3板式カラーカメラの光学プリズム
23、24、25 光感知セル
31 透光性の樹脂
32 G光透過のダイクロイックミラー
33 R光透過のダイクロイックミラー
34 G光透過の有機色素フィルタ
35 R光透過の有機色素フィルタ
36 マイクロレンズ
37 金属層
100 撮像部
101 光学レンズ
102 光学板
103 撮像素子
103a 撮像面
104 信号発生及び画素信号受信部
200 映像信号処理部
201 メモリ
202 ビデオ信号生成部
203 ビデオインターフェース部
Claims (23)
- 撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子の撮像面に像を形成する光学系と、
前記撮像素子から出力される電気信号を処理する映像信号処理部と、
を備える撮像装置であって、
前記撮像素子は、
前記撮像面上に配列された複数の単位要素を備え、
前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第1の光感知セルと、
第2の光感知セルと、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルの上部に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第1の光感知セルに対応して配置された第1のミラーと、
を有し、
前記第1のミラーは、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域の光線を反射し、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域以外の光線を透過させ、
前記第1のミラーで反射された前記第1波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線は、前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の光感知セルは、前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線を受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第1の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光感知セルは、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記第1波長域の光線と、前記第1のミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第2の画素信号を出力し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第1の画素信号と前記第2の画素信号との間の差分演算を含む処理によって、前記複数の単位要素の各々に入射した光線のうち、前記第1波長域の光線の量に関する情報を出力する、撮像装置。 - 前記複数の単位要素の各々に含まれる透光性部材は、前記撮像面上に設けられた透明層の一部である、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記透光性部材は前記境界面で空気と接している、請求項1または2に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第2の光感知セルは前記第1の光感知セルに隣接している、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1のミラーで反射された前記第1波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で全反射される、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の単位要素のうち、前記撮像面の中心に位置する単位要素に含まれる前記第1のミラーの形状および前記第1の光感知セルに対する相対位置の少なくとも一方は、前記複数の単位要素のうち、前記撮像面の周辺に位置する単位要素に含まれる前記第1のミラーの形状および前記第1の光感知セルに対する相対位置の少なくとも一方と異なっている、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1波長域は、赤外線の波長域に相当する、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第3の光感知セルと、
第4の光感知セルと、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第4の光感知セルに対応して配置された第2のミラーと、
をさらに有し、
前記第2のミラーは、前記第2のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第2波長域の光線を反射し、前記第2のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第2波長域以外の光線を透過させ、
前記第2のミラーで反射された前記第2波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第3の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第2のミラーを透過した前記第2波長域以外の光線は、前記第4の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第3の光感知セルは、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記第2波長域の光線と、前記第1のミラーおよび第2のミラーのいずれをも介さずに前記第3の光感知セルに入射する光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第3の画素信号を出力し、
前記第4の光感知セルは、前記第2のミラーを透過した前記第2波長域以外の光線を受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第4の画素信号を出力し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第3の画素信号と前記第4の画素信号との間の差分演算を含む処理によって前記複数の単位要素が受けた光線のうち、少なくとも前記第2波長域の光線の量に関する情報を出力する、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第4の光感知セルは前記第3の光感知セルに隣接している、請求項8に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第3の光感知セルは前記第1の光感知セルに隣接して配置され、
前記第4の光感知セルは前記第2の光感知セルに隣接して配置されている、請求項9に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第1の光感知セル、前記第2の光感知セル、前記第3の光感知セル、および前記第4の光感知セルは、1次元状に並んで配置されている、請求項8に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1波長域は赤色の波長域に相当し、前記第2波長域は青色の波長域に相当する、
請求項8から11のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第1の光感知セル、前記第2の光感知セル、前記第3の光感知セル、前記第4の光感知セルのすべてが少なくとも緑色の波長域の光線を受けるように、前記第1のミラーと前記第2のミラーとが配置されている、請求項8から12のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第2の光感知セルは、第1の光電変換部と第2の光電変換部とを有し、
前記第1の光電変換部は、前記第1の光電変換部が受けた光線の量に応じた第3の画素信号を生成し、
前記第2の光電変換部は、前記第2の光電変換部が受けた光線の量に応じた第4の画素信号を生成する、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第1波長域は赤色の波長域および青色の波長域に相当し、
前記第1の光電変換部は、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記赤色の波長域および青色の波長域の光線と、前記第1のミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線のうち、少なくとも青色の波長域の光線を受け、前記第3の画素信号を生成し、
前記第2の光電変換部は、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記赤色の波長域および青色の波長域の光線と、前記ミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線のうち、少なくとも赤色の波長域の光線を受け、前記第4の画素信号を生成し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第3の画素信号および前記第4の画素信号を用いた差分演算を含む処理により色情報を出力する、請求項14に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第1の光電変換部は、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記赤色の波長域および青色の波長域の光線と、前記第1ミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線のうち、緑色の波長域の光線の2分の1と青色の波長域の光線とを受け、前記第3の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光電変換部は、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された赤色および青色の波長域の光線と、前記ミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線のうち、緑色の波長域の光線の2分の1と赤色の波長域の光線とを受け、前記第4の画素信号を出力する、請求項15に記載の撮像装置。 - 撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子の撮像面に像を形成する光学系と、
前記撮像素子から出力される電気信号を処理する映像信号処理部と、
を備える撮像装置であって、
前記撮像素子は、
第1の方向に配列された複数の単位要素を備え、
前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第1の光感知セルと、
第2の光感知セルと、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルの上部に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第1の光感知セルに対応して配置された第1のミラーと、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第2の光感知セルに対応して配置された第2のミラーと、
を有し、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルは、前記第1の方向に平行な方向に沿って配置され、
前記第1のミラーは、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域の光線を反射し、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域以外の光線を透過させ、
前記第2のミラーは、前記第2のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第2波長域の光線を透過し、前記第2のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第2波長域以外の光線を反射させ、
前記第1のミラーで反射された前記第1波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線は、前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第2のミラーで反射された前記第2波長域以外の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、隣接するユニットの前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第2のミラーを透過した前記第2波長域の光線は、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の光感知セルは、前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線と、隣接する前記第2のミラーで反射され前記境界面で反射された前記第2波長域以外の光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第1の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光感知セルは、前記第2のミラーを透過した前記第2波長域の光線と、前記第1のミラーで反射され前記境界面で反射された前記第1波長域の光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第2の画素信号を出力し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第1の画素信号と前記第2の画素信号との間の差分演算を含む処理によって色情報を出力する、撮像装置。 - 前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第3の光感知セルと、
第4の光感知セルと、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第3の光感知セルに対応して配置された第3のミラーと、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第4の光感知セルに対応して配置された第4のミラーと、
をさらに有し、
前記第3の光感知セルおよび前記第4の光感知セルは、前記第1の方向に平行な方向に沿って配置され、
前記第3のミラーは、前記第3のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第3波長域の光線を反射し、前記第3のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第3波長域以外の光線を透過させ、
前記第4のミラーは、前記第4のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第4波長域の光線を透過し、前記第4のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第4波長域以外の光線を反射させ、
前記第3のミラーで反射された前記第3波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第4の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第3のミラーを透過した前記第3波長域以外の光線は、前記第3の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第4のミラーで反射された前記第4波長域以外の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、隣接する単位要素の前記第3の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第4のミラーを透過した前記第4波長域の光線は、前記第4の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第3の光感知セルは、前記第3のミラーを透過した前記第3波長域以外の光線と、隣接する前記第4のミラーおよび前記境界面で反射された前記第4波長域以外の光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第3の画素信号を出力し、
前記第4の光感知セルは、前記第4のミラーを透過した前記第4波長域の光線と、前記第3のミラーおよび前記境界面で反射された前記第3波長域の光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第4の画素信号を出力し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第3の画素信号と前記第4の画素信号との間の差分演算を含む処理によって前記色情報とは異なる色情報を出力する、請求項17に記載の撮像装置。 - 撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子の撮像面に像を形成する光学系と、
前記撮像素子から出力される電気信号を処理する映像信号処理部と、
を備える撮像装置であって、
前記撮像素子は、
2次元状に配列された複数の単位要素を備え、
前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第1の光感知セルと、
第2の光感知セルと、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルの上部に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第1の光感知セルに対応して配置された第1の偏光ミラーと、
を有し、
前記第1の偏光ミラーは、前記第1の偏光ミラーに入射した光のうち、第1の偏光成分を透過させ、前記第1の偏光成分に直交する第2の偏光成分を反射し、
前記第1の偏光ミラーを透過した前記第1の偏光成分は、前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の偏光ミラーで反射された前記第2の偏光成分は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の光感知セルは、前記第1の偏光ミラーを透過した前記第1の偏光成分の光線を受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第1の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光感知セルは、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記第2の偏光成分の光線と、前記第1の偏光ミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第2の画素信号を出力し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第1の画素信号と前記第2の画素信号との間の差分演算を含む処理によって偏光情報を出力する、撮像装置。 - 前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第3の光感知セルと、
第4の光感知セルと、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第4の光感知セルに対応して配置された第2の偏光ミラーと、
をさらに有し、
前記第2の偏光ミラーは、前記第2の偏光ミラーに入射した光のうち、前記第1の偏光成分に対して45度の角度をなす第3の偏光成分を透過させ、前記第3の偏光成分に直交する第4の偏光成分を反射し、
前記第2の偏光ミラーを透過した前記第3の偏光成分は、前記第4の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第2の偏光ミラーで反射された前記第4の偏光成分は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第3の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第4の光感知セルは、前記第2の偏光ミラーを透過した前記第3の偏光成分の光線を受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第4の画素信号を出力し、
前記第3の光感知セルは、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記第4の偏光成分の光線と、前記第1の偏光ミラーおよび前記第2の偏光ミラーのいずれをも介さずに前記第3の光感知セルに入射する光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第3の画素信号を出力し、
前記映像信号処理部は、前記第3の画素信号と前記第4の画素信号との間の差分演算を含む処理によって前記偏光情報とは異なる偏光情報を出力する、請求項19に記載の撮像装置。 - 2次元状に配列された複数の単位要素を備える撮像素子であって、
前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第1の光感知セルと、
第2の光感知セルと、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルの上部に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第1の光感知セルに対応して配置された第1のミラーと、
を有し、
前記第1のミラーは、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域の光線を反射し、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域以外の光線を透過させ、
前記第1のミラーで反射された前記第1波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線は、前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の光感知セルは、前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線を受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第1の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光感知セルは、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記第1波長域の光線と、前記第1のミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第2の画素信号を出力する、撮像素子。 - 第1の方向に配列された複数の単位要素を備える撮像素子であって、
前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第1の光感知セルと、
第2の光感知セルと、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルの上部に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第1の光感知セルに対応して配置された第1のミラーと、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第2の光感知セルに対応して配置された第2のミラーと、
を有し、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルは、前記第1の方向に平行な方向に沿って配置され、
前記第1のミラーは、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域の光線を反射し、前記第1のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第1波長域以外の光線を透過させ、
前記第2のミラーは、前記第2のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第2波長域の光線を透過し、前記第2のミラーに入射した光に含まれる第2波長域以外の光線を反射させ、
前記第1のミラーで反射された前記第1波長域の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線は、前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第2のミラーで反射された前記第2波長域以外の光線は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、隣接するユニットの前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第2のミラーを透過した前記第2波長域の光線は、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の光感知セルは、前記第1のミラーを透過した前記第1波長域以外の光線と、隣接する前記第2のミラーで反射され前記境界面で反射された前記第2波長域以外の光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第1の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光感知セルは、前記第2のミラーを透過した前記第2波長域の光線と、前記第1のミラーで反射され前記境界面で反射された前記第1波長域の光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第2の画素信号を出力する、撮像素子。 - 2次元状に配列された複数の単位要素を備える撮像素子であって、
前記複数の単位要素の各々は、
第1の光感知セルと、
第2の光感知セルと、
前記第1の光感知セルおよび前記第2の光感知セルの上部に設けられた透光性部材と、
前記透光性部材の内部に設けられ、前記第1の光感知セルに対応して配置された第1の偏光ミラーと、
を有し、
前記第1の偏光ミラーは、前記第1の偏光ミラーに入射した光のうち、第1の偏光成分を透過させ、前記第1の偏光成分に直交する第2の偏光成分を反射し、
前記第1の偏光ミラーを透過した前記第1の偏光成分は、前記第1の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の偏光ミラーで反射された前記第2の偏光成分は、前記透光性部材と他の部材との境界面で反射され、前記第2の光感知セルに入射し、
前記第1の光感知セルは、前記第1の偏光ミラーを透過した前記第1の偏光成分の光線を受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第1の画素信号を出力し、
前記第2の光感知セルは、前記透光性部材と前記他の部材との境界面で反射された前記第2の偏光成分の光線と、前記第1の偏光ミラーを介さずに前記第2の光感知セルに入射する光線とを受け、受けた光線の量に応じた第2の画素信号を出力する、撮像素子。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8314872B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
| CN101919256B (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
| KR20110084367A (ko) | 2011-07-22 |
| JP5113249B2 (ja) | 2013-01-09 |
| CN101919256A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
| US20110050941A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
| JPWO2010058545A1 (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
| TW201031188A (en) | 2010-08-16 |
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