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WO2010057483A1 - Heating system having additional electrical energy recovery at no cost - Google Patents

Heating system having additional electrical energy recovery at no cost Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010057483A1
WO2010057483A1 PCT/DE2009/001650 DE2009001650W WO2010057483A1 WO 2010057483 A1 WO2010057483 A1 WO 2010057483A1 DE 2009001650 W DE2009001650 W DE 2009001650W WO 2010057483 A1 WO2010057483 A1 WO 2010057483A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boiler
heating system
stirling engine
combustion chamber
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2009/001650
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst Wascher
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE112009003338T priority Critical patent/DE112009003338A5/en
Publication of WO2010057483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010057483A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders
    • F02G2243/34—Regenerative displacers having their cylinders at right angle, e.g. "Robinson" engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/10—Heat inputs by burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/45—Heat inputs by electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2280/00—Output delivery
    • F02G2280/20—Rotary generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/80—Electric generators driven by external combustion engines, e.g. Stirling engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2105/00—Constructional aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2105/00—Constructional aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2105/10—Sound insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating system with electrical energy generation according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Heating systems with electric power generation are known and have already been described in numerous publications and patent applications.
  • a boiler known.
  • the boiler is equipped with a burner, a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and an exhaust system.
  • an externally heated heat engine is arranged in the combustion chamber of the boiler, which drives a power generator.
  • the boiler can be a condensing boiler.
  • the externally heated heat engine may be a Stirling engine with a closed system, the hot space of the fuel gases and the cold space is lapped by the combustion air to be supplied to the burner.
  • a decentralized power supply by heat-power coupling with Stirling engine known.
  • a combustion furnace for recovering thermal heat with a combustion chamber for combustion of the heating material and a heat exchanger for transmitting the heat to a heat transfer medium, preferably water, arranged to forward the heat to decentralized radiators.
  • a heat transfer medium preferably water
  • the primary heat exchanger surrounds the hot head of a Stirling engine.
  • the primary heat exchanger is connected directly to the combustion chamber.
  • the heating and power generation plant with a heating boiler for heating the building or for heating domestic water, with a burner for the boiler, a stirring motor which can be heated by the same burner, a generator and a heat pump.
  • the Stirling engine is a free-piston Stirling engine
  • the radiator can be connected heat transfer with a service water tank or with an air duct.
  • the generator is a linear generator and coupled directly to the free-piston Stirling engine.
  • the heat pump has an electric drive, which can be switched to mains operation, among other things.
  • the linear generator can be electrically connected via a control with the drive motor of the heat pump, with the public power grid and with other consumers.
  • Combined heat and power plants are based on the principle of combined heat and power; An internal combustion engine drives a generator that generates electricity. The resulting heat is supplied to the heating system via a heat exchanger.
  • Common fossil fuels in combined heat and power plants are diesel, heating oil or gas. But renewable energy sources such as biogas, biodiesel, rapeseed oil and, more recently, wood pellets can also be used.
  • the condensing technology can basically be used with any fuel. Currently, however, it has prevailed only in gas-fired plants, since the combustion of gas releases more water than oil or coal. Coal and oil have the disadvantage that when burned, the sulfur contained in the fuel attacks the boiler walls and the chimney and thus extremely reduces the life of the material.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object; significantly increase the energy yield of known heating systems, so that a total active power of more than 150% is achieved, without affecting or even reducing the heating power of the mentioned heating systems. An increased energy consumption or pollutant emissions is excluded.
  • the invention provides that the boiler of any heating system no longer heated directly from the combustion chamber is, but that the heat energy is supplied to the boiler via one or more displacement cylinder of a Stirling engine.
  • This change ensures that the entire; heat energy generated in the combustion chamber; the boiler is supplied lossless, and that on the or the displacement cylinder, a Stirling engine is driven.
  • the boiler also serves to absorb the heat energy and thus also to cool the working medium of the Stirling engine, in which the boiler is preferably set to a low-temperature heating system 40 ° to 60 ° C.
  • the mechanical energy gained from the Stirling engine is usefully used to drive a power generator.
  • FIG. 1 a section through a heating system according to the invention is shown, in which reference symbols for the identification of individual elements with numbers 1 to 17 are used as follows: - Combustion chamber, in which the heat energy by combustion for the
  • Flywheel 10 transmits. 12 - displacement joint lever which transmits the force from the flywheel 10 to the displacement piston rod 13.
  • the device according to the invention works as follows:
  • the peculiarity of the heating system to be registered is that, in comparison with all hitherto known heating systems, a Stirling engine is integrated between a combustion chamber 1 and a heating boiler 4.
  • the Stirling engine is powered on the one hand by the heat energy.
  • the Stirling engine also conducts the heat energy unabated to the heating system (boiler 4).
  • the Stirling engine thus has no influence on the heating power or on the energy consumption of the heating system (boiler 4) and also does not affect the pollutant emissions of the existing heating system.
  • the displacement cylinder 2, the connecting line 7 and the working cylinder 8 are connected in a gastight manner with each other.
  • the working medium is as a gas or a gas mixture such as air.
  • the displacement piston 3 displaces the working medium past the displacement piston 3 into the high-temperature region of the displacement cylinder 2, the working medium expands through the heat absorption from the combustion chamber 1, thereby flowing past the displacement piston 3 via the connection line 7 into the working cylinder 8, thereby pushing the working piston 9 forward ,
  • the displacement piston 3 displaces the working medium back into the low-temperature region of the displacement cylinder 2, where the working fluid delivers its thermal energy to the heating boiler 4.
  • the working fluid is contracted again and by the resulting negative pressure of the working piston 9 is withdrawn.
  • any heating system protrudes the high temperature range of one or more displacement cylinder 2 of a Stirling engine, so that the working medium there absorbs the heat energy, which is then supplied to the boiler 4 through the displacement piston 3.
  • the boiler 4 extracts the heat energy from the working medium and thus lowers the temperature of the working medium to a preset low temperature value, which is preferably 40 ° to 60 ° C.
  • the cooled working medium is supplied by the displacement piston 3 again the high temperature region of the displacement cylinder 2, where it absorbs heat energy again, so that the cycle described can be repeated up to 3000 times per minute.
  • an additional electrical heating element 15 can surround the high-temperature region of the displacement cylinder or cylinders 2.
  • the heating element 15, using the electricity obtained free of charge, serves to assist the generation of heat and thus significantly reduces the fuel supply to the heating system.
  • the power is generated by means of a power generator 16, which is arranged together with the working cylinder 8 and the flywheel 10 in a housing 17 adjacent to the boiler 4. From the flywheel 10 is driven, for example by means of a belt drive of the power generator 16.
  • Power generator 16 is thermally insulated by insulation 14 to the outside.
  • the said devices are in heat exchange with each other. Therefore, the frictional heat generated by the stirling engine and the power generator 16 can not escape through the insulation 14 and is stored in the housing 17. By the connection of the housing 17 to the boiler 4, this heat energy can be additionally absorbed by the boiler 4. This additional heating energy is supplied to the heating system.
  • the insulation 14 of the device also serves as sound insulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating system having additional electrical energy recovery at no cost, comprising a Stirling engine. Said engine is disposed as an integrated Stirling engine and is driven by the thermal energy of the heating system, without using even the slightest portion of said energy, so that no influence is made thereby on the heating properties or the energy requirement of the heating system. In order to improve the energy recovery, the Stirling engine is disposed as an element transferring heat energy from a combustion chamber (1) to a boiler (4).

Description

Heizanlage mit zusätzlicher kostenloser elektrischer Energiegewinnung Heating system with additional free electrical energy

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizanlage mit elektrischer Energieerzeugung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a heating system with electrical energy generation according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Heizanlagen mit elektrischer Energiegewinnung sind bekannt und wurden bereits in zahlreichen Publikationen und Patentanmeldungen beschrieben.Heating systems with electric power generation are known and have already been described in numerous publications and patent applications.

So ist aus der DE 38 35 469 A1 ein Heizkessel bekannt. Der Heizkessel ist mit einem Brenner, einem Brennraum, einem Wärmeaustauscher und einer Abgasführung ausgestattet. Weiterhin ist im Brennraum des Heizkessels eine außenbeheizte Wärmekraftmaschine angeordnet, die einen Stromgenerator antreibt. Der Heizkessel kann ein Brennwert-Kessel sein. Die außenbeheizte Wärmekraftmaschine kann ein Stirling-Motor mit einem geschlossenen System sein, dessen Heißraum von den Brenngasen und dessen Kaltraum von der dem Brenner zuzuführenden Verbrennungsluft umspült wird.Thus, from DE 38 35 469 A1 discloses a boiler known. The boiler is equipped with a burner, a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and an exhaust system. Furthermore, an externally heated heat engine is arranged in the combustion chamber of the boiler, which drives a power generator. The boiler can be a condensing boiler. The externally heated heat engine may be a Stirling engine with a closed system, the hot space of the fuel gases and the cold space is lapped by the combustion air to be supplied to the burner.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE 35 02 308 A1 eine dezentrale Stromversorgung durch Wärme-Strom-Kopplung mit Stirling-Motor bekannt. In der Anlage ist vorgesehen, dass ein Verbrennungsofen zur Gewinnung von Heizwärme, mit einem Verbrennungsraum zur Verbrennung des Heizmaterials und einem Wärmetauscher zur Übertragung der Heizwärme auf ein Wärmeübertragungsmedium, vorzugsweise Wasser, zur Weiterleitung der Wärme zu dezentralen Heizkörpern angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Verbrennungsraum und dem Wärmetauscher soll ein Primärwärmetauscher angeordnet sein. Der Primärwärmetauscher umgibt dabei den heißen Kopf eines Stirling-Motors. Der Primärwärmetauscher ist direkt mit dem Verbrennungsraum verbunden. Schließlich ist aus der EP O 445 510 A2 eine Heizungs- und Stromerzeugungsanlage bekannt. Die Heizungs- und Stromerzeugungsanlage mit einem Heizkessel zur Gebäudebeheizung bzw. zur Brauchwassererwärmung, mit einem Brenner für den Heizkessel, einem von demselben Brenner beheizbaren Stir- lingmotor, einem Generator sowie einer Wärmepumpe. Der Stirlingmotor ist ein Freikolben-Stirlingmotor, dessen Kühler mit einem Brauchwasserbehälter bzw. mit einem Luftkanal wärmeübertragend verbunden werden kann. Der Generator ist ein Lineargenerator und direkt mit dem Freikolben-Stirlingmotor gekoppelt. Die Wärmepumpe besitzt einen elektrischen, u. a. auf Netzbetrieb schalt- baren Antriebsmotor. Der Lineargenerator kann über eine Regelung mit dem Antriebsmotor der Wärmepumpe, mit dem öffentlichen Stromnetz sowie mit weiteren Verbrauchern elektrisch verbunden werden.Furthermore, from DE 35 02 308 A1 a decentralized power supply by heat-power coupling with Stirling engine known. In the system it is provided that a combustion furnace for recovering thermal heat, with a combustion chamber for combustion of the heating material and a heat exchanger for transmitting the heat to a heat transfer medium, preferably water, arranged to forward the heat to decentralized radiators. Between the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger should be arranged a primary heat exchanger. The primary heat exchanger surrounds the hot head of a Stirling engine. The primary heat exchanger is connected directly to the combustion chamber. Finally, EP 0 445 510 A2 discloses a heating and power generation plant. The heating and power generation plant with a heating boiler for heating the building or for heating domestic water, with a burner for the boiler, a stirring motor which can be heated by the same burner, a generator and a heat pump. The Stirling engine is a free-piston Stirling engine, the radiator can be connected heat transfer with a service water tank or with an air duct. The generator is a linear generator and coupled directly to the free-piston Stirling engine. The heat pump has an electric drive, which can be switched to mains operation, among other things. The linear generator can be electrically connected via a control with the drive motor of the heat pump, with the public power grid and with other consumers.

Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erregen seit einigen Jahren die so genannten Blockheizkraftwerke, deren Besonderheit darin besteht, dass sie sehr teuer sind, und dass sie gerade einmal eine Energieausbeute von maximal 80 bis 93% erzielen. Die gewünschte elektrische Energie wird durch Verbrennungsmotoren; die einen Generator antreiben; erzeugt.Special attention has been paid for some years to the so-called combined heat and power plants, whose special feature is that they are very expensive and that they only achieve an energy yield of 80 to 93%. The desired electrical energy is provided by internal combustion engines; which drive a generator; generated.

Blockheizkraftwerke basieren auf dem Prinzip der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung; ein Verbrennungsmotor treibt einen Generator an, der Strom erzeugt. Die dabei entstehende Wärme wird über einen Wärmetauscher dem Heizsystem zugeführt. Gängige fossile Brennstoffe in Blockheizkraftwerken sind Diesel, Heizöl oder Gas. Aber auch regenerative Energieträger, wie Biogas, Biodiesel, Rapsöl und neuerdings auch Holzpellets können eingesetzt werden.Combined heat and power plants are based on the principle of combined heat and power; An internal combustion engine drives a generator that generates electricity. The resulting heat is supplied to the heating system via a heat exchanger. Common fossil fuels in combined heat and power plants are diesel, heating oil or gas. But renewable energy sources such as biogas, biodiesel, rapeseed oil and, more recently, wood pellets can also be used.

Brennwertheizanlagen hingegen erreichen einen Wirkungsgrad von nahezu 100% und sind bei gleicher Heizleistung rund 80% günstiger in der Anschaffung als Blockheizkraftwerke. Vergleicht man nun noch den erforderlichen Wartungsaufwand beider Systeme und die damit verbundenen Kosten, so stellt sich die Frage; welche positiven Effekte wirklich mit Blockheizkraftwerken erreichbar sind.Condensing heating systems, however, achieve an efficiency of nearly 100% and are about 80% cheaper to purchase than combined heat and power plants with the same heat output. If one now compares the required maintenance of both systems and the associated costs, then the question arises; which positive effects can really be achieved with combined heat and power plants.

Unter Brennwerttechnik versteht man das Herunterkühlen des Abgases bis zur Kondensatbildung. Die dabei freigesetzte Energie wird dem Heizkreislauf zugeführt. Dies erfolgt bei einem herkömmlichen Kessel nicht, denn dort wird die im Kondensat enthaltene Energie über den Schornstein in die Umwelt abgeführt.Under condensing technology is understood as the cooling down of the exhaust gas to condensation. The released energy is fed to the heating circuit. This is not done in a conventional boiler, because there the energy contained in the condensate is discharged through the chimney into the environment.

Die Brennwerttechnik lässt sich grundsätzlich bei jedem Brennstoff einsetzen. Derzeit hat sie sich aber nur bei gasbefeuerten Anlagen durchgesetzt, da bei der Verbrennung von Gas mehr Wasser freigesetzt wird als bei Öl oder Kohle. Kohle und Öl haben den Nachteil, dass bei deren Verbrennung der im Brennstoff enthaltene Schwefel die Kesselwandungen und den Schornstein angreift und somit die Lebensdauer des Materials extrem vermindert.The condensing technology can basically be used with any fuel. Currently, however, it has prevailed only in gas-fired plants, since the combustion of gas releases more water than oil or coal. Coal and oil have the disadvantage that when burned, the sulfur contained in the fuel attacks the boiler walls and the chimney and thus extremely reduces the life of the material.

Eine Vielzahl weiterer Ideen zum Thema Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung, sind zum Patent angemeldet oder geistern durch die Medien. Deren Verwirklichungen aber auch keine wesentlich effekttiefere Energieausbeute in Aussicht stellen, sie sind einfach nur anders.A variety of other ideas on the subject of combined heat and power, are patent pending or haunting the media. Their realizations, however, do not promise a much more effective energy yield, they are simply different.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde; die Energieausbeute bekannter Heizungssysteme wesentlich zu steigern, sodass eine Gesamtwirkleistung von über 150% erreicht wird, ohne die Heizleistung der erwähnten Heizsysteme zu beeinträchtigen oder diese gar zu mindern. Ein erhöhter Energieaufwand oder Schadstoffausstoß ist ausgeschlossen.The invention is therefore based on the object; significantly increase the energy yield of known heating systems, so that a total active power of more than 150% is achieved, without affecting or even reducing the heating power of the mentioned heating systems. An increased energy consumption or pollutant emissions is excluded.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung vor, dass der Heizkessel einer beliebigen Heizungsanlage nicht mehr direkt von der Brennkammer erwärmt wird, sondern dass die Wärmeenergie dem Heizkessel über einen oder mehrere Verdrängungszylinder eines Stirlingmotors zugeführt wird.To solve this problem, the invention provides that the boiler of any heating system no longer heated directly from the combustion chamber is, but that the heat energy is supplied to the boiler via one or more displacement cylinder of a Stirling engine.

Durch diese Veränderung bleibt gewährleistet, dass die gesamte; in der Brenn- kammer erzeugte Wärmeenergie; dem Heizkessel verlustfrei zugeführt wird, und dass über den oder die Verdrängungszylinder ein Stirlingmotor angetrieben wird.This change ensures that the entire; heat energy generated in the combustion chamber; the boiler is supplied lossless, and that on the or the displacement cylinder, a Stirling engine is driven.

Der Heizkessel dient gleichermaßen zur Aufnahme der Wärmeenergie und so- mit auch zur Abkühlung des Arbeitsmediums des Stirlingmotors, in dem der Heizkessel vorzugsweise auf einen Niedertemperaturheizsystem 40° bis 60° C eingestellt ist. Die mit dem Stirlingmotor gewonnene mechanische Energie wird in sinnvoller Weise zum Antrieb eines Stromgenerators verwendet.The boiler also serves to absorb the heat energy and thus also to cool the working medium of the Stirling engine, in which the boiler is preferably set to a low-temperature heating system 40 ° to 60 ° C. The mechanical energy gained from the Stirling engine is usefully used to drive a power generator.

Auf Grund der hohen Wirkungsgrade des Stirlingmotors, sowie des Generators, ist in jeder Leistungsstufe der verschiedenen Heizungssysteme, ein proportional zur Heizleistung gesehen entsprechend hoher Anteil an Ökostrom zu gewinnen.Due to the high efficiency of the Stirling engine, as well as the generator, in each power stage of the various heating systems, a proportionally to the heating power seen to win a correspondingly high proportion of green electricity.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung gehen aus der Beschreibung und den Ansprüchen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung hervor.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the description and claims in conjunction with the drawings.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Aufführungsbeispieles das in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist, näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to a performance example shown in the drawing.

Dabei ist in der einzigen Figur (Fig. 1 ) ein Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizsystem gezeigt, bei dem Bezugszeichen zur Kennzeichnung einzelner Element mit Nummern 1 bis 17 wie folgt verwendet werden: - Brennkammer, in der die Wärmeenergie durch Verbrennung für dasIn the single figure (Figure 1), a section through a heating system according to the invention is shown, in which reference symbols for the identification of individual elements with numbers 1 to 17 are used as follows: - Combustion chamber, in which the heat energy by combustion for the

Heizsystem erzeugt wirdHeating system is generated

- Verdrängungszylinder, der mit seinem Hochtemperaturbereich in die Brennkammer 1 hineinragt und mit seinem Niedertemperaturbereich in einen Heizkessel 4 hineinragt.- Displacement cylinder, which protrudes with its high temperature range in the combustion chamber 1 and protrudes with its low temperature range in a boiler 4.

- Verdrängungskolben, der durch auf und ab gehende zyklische Bewegungen das Arbeitsmedium vom Hochtemperaturbereich in den Nieder- temperaturbereich des Stirlingmotors verdrängt.- Displacement piston, which displaces the working fluid from the high-temperature range into the low-temperature range of the Stirling engine due to cyclical movements going up and down.

- Heizkessel, der zur Abkühlung des Arbeitsmediums dient.- Boiler, which serves to cool the working medium.

- Anschluss für den Heizwasserrücklauf.- Connection for the heating water return.

- Anschluss für den Heizwasservorlauf.- Connection for the heating water supply.

- Verbindungsleitung, durch die das Arbeitsmedium von dem Verdrängungszylinder 2 zum Arbeitszylinder 8 (siehe unten) und zurückströmt.- Connecting line through which the working fluid from the displacement cylinder 2 to the working cylinder 8 (see below) and flows back.

- Arbeitszylinder des Stirlingmotors- Working cylinder of the Stirling engine

- Arbeitskolben im Arbeitszylinder 8, der durch die Expansion und Kontraktion des Arbeitsmediums den Stirlingmotor antreibt.- Working piston in the working cylinder 8, which drives the Stirling engine by the expansion and contraction of the working medium.

- Schwungmasse, die für den Gleichlauf des Stirlingmotors sorgt.- Flywheel, which ensures the synchronization of the Stirling engine.

- Arbeitsgelenkhebel, der die Kraft vom Arbeitskolben 9 auf die- Articulated lever, the force from the working piston 9 on the

Schwungmasse 10 überträgt. 12 - Verdrängungsgelenkhebel, der die Kraft von der Schwungmasse 10 auf die Verdrängungskolbenstange 13 überträgt.Flywheel 10 transmits. 12 - displacement joint lever which transmits the force from the flywheel 10 to the displacement piston rod 13.

13 - Verdrängungskolbenstange, die ihren Antrieb vom Verdrängungsge- lenkhebel 12 erhält, und mit dem Verdrängungskolben 3 starr verbunden ist, so dass die Verdrängung im Verdrängungszylinder 2 vollzogen wird.13 - Displacement piston rod, which receives its drive from the Verdrungsungslenk lever 12, and is rigidly connected to the displacement piston 3, so that the displacement in the displacement cylinder 2 is completed.

14 - Isoliereinrichtung für das Gesamtsystem mit Stirlingmotor, Brennkammer 1 und Heizkessel 414 - Insulating device for the complete system with Stirling engine, combustion chamber 1 and boiler 4

15 - Elektrisches Zusatzheizelement am Heizkessel 115 - Electric supplementary heating element on the boiler 1

16 - Stromgenerator, der vom Stirlingmotor angetrieben wird und somit elektrischen Strom erzeugt.16 - Electric generator powered by the Stirling engine to generate electricity.

17 - Gehäuse für den Stromgenerator 16 und den Arbeitszylinder 8.17 - Housing for the power generator 16 and the working cylinder. 8

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:The device according to the invention works as follows:

Die Besonderheit des anzumeldenden Heizsystems besteht darin, dass hier gegenüber allen bisher bekannten Heizsystemen ein Stirlingmotor zwischen einer Brennkammer 1 und einem Heizkessel 4 integriert wird. Der Stirlingmotor wird einerseits durch die Wärmeenergie angetrieben. Andererseits leitet der Stirlingmotor aber auch die Wärmeenergie unvermindert an das Heizsystem (Heizkessel 4) weiter. Der Stirlingmotor hat somit keinerlei Einfluss auf die Heizleistung oder auf die Energieaufnahme des Heizsystems (Heizkessel 4) und wirkt sich auch nicht auf den Schadstoffausstoß der grundsätzlich bestehenden Heizanlage aus. Der Stirlingmotor besteht aus mindestens einem mindestens einfach wirkenden Arbeitszylinder 8 gemäß Fig. 1 , mit Arbeitskolben 9, mindestens einem Verdrängungszylinder 2 mit Verdrängungskolben 3, mindestens einer Verbindungsleitung 7, mindestens einem Arbeitsgelenkhebel 11 , mindestens einem Verdrängungsgelenkhebel 12 und einer Schwungmasse 10.The peculiarity of the heating system to be registered is that, in comparison with all hitherto known heating systems, a Stirling engine is integrated between a combustion chamber 1 and a heating boiler 4. The Stirling engine is powered on the one hand by the heat energy. On the other hand, the Stirling engine also conducts the heat energy unabated to the heating system (boiler 4). The Stirling engine thus has no influence on the heating power or on the energy consumption of the heating system (boiler 4) and also does not affect the pollutant emissions of the existing heating system. 1, with working piston 9, at least one displacement cylinder 2 with displacement piston 3, at least one connecting line 7, at least one working joint lever 11, at least one displacement joint lever 12 and a flywheel 10.

Der Verdrängungszylinder 2, die Verbindungsleitung 7 und der Arbeitszylinder 8 sind gasdicht mit einander verbunden. Somit steht ein in sich geschlossenes Arbeitsvolumen zur Verfügung, in dem sich das Arbeitsmedium als Gas oder ein Gasgemisch wie Luft befindet.The displacement cylinder 2, the connecting line 7 and the working cylinder 8 are connected in a gastight manner with each other. Thus, a self-contained working volume is available in which the working medium is as a gas or a gas mixture such as air.

Hat der Verdrängungskolben 3 das Arbeitsmedium am Verdrängungskolben 3 vorbei in den Hochtemperaturbereich des Verdrängungszylinders 2 verdrängt, expandiert das Arbeitsmedium durch die Wärmeaufnahme aus dem Brennraum 1 , strömt dadurch am Verdrängungskolben 3 vorbei über die Verbindungsleitung 7 in den Arbeitszylinder 8 und schiebt dabei den Arbeitskolben 9 vor.If the displacement piston 3 displaces the working medium past the displacement piston 3 into the high-temperature region of the displacement cylinder 2, the working medium expands through the heat absorption from the combustion chamber 1, thereby flowing past the displacement piston 3 via the connection line 7 into the working cylinder 8, thereby pushing the working piston 9 forward ,

Durch die Verbindung des Arbeitskolbens 9 mit dem Verdrängungskolben 3 über die Gelenkhebel 11 und 12 an der Schwungmasse 10, verdrängt der Ver- drängungskolben 3 das Arbeitsmedium wieder in den Niedertemperaturbereich des Verdrängungszylinders 2, wo das Arbeitsmedium seine thermische Energie an den Heizkessel 4 abgibt. Dadurch wird das Arbeitsmedium wieder kontrahiert und durch den dadurch entstehenden Unterdruck wird der Arbeitskolben 9 wieder zurückgezogen.As a result of the connection of the working piston 9 with the displacement piston 3 via the articulated levers 11 and 12 on the flywheel 10, the displacement piston 3 displaces the working medium back into the low-temperature region of the displacement cylinder 2, where the working fluid delivers its thermal energy to the heating boiler 4. As a result, the working fluid is contracted again and by the resulting negative pressure of the working piston 9 is withdrawn.

In die Brennkammer 1 einer beliebigen Heizanlage ragt der Hochtemperaturbereich eines oder mehrerer Verdrängungszylinder 2 eines Stirlingmotors hinein, sodass das Arbeitsmedium dort die Wärmeenergie aufnimmt, diese dann durch den Verdrängungskolben 3 dem Heizkessel 4 zugeführt wird. Der Heizkessel 4 entzieht die Wärmeenergie dem Arbeitsmedium und senkt somit die Temperatur des Arbeitsmediums auf einen voreingestellten Niedertemperaturwert ab, der vorzugsweise bei 40° bis 60° C liegt. Anschließend wird das abgekühlte Arbeitsmedium durch den Verdrängungskolben 3 wieder dem Hochtemperaturbereich des Verdrängungszylinders 2 zugeführt, wo es wieder Wärmeenergie aufnimmt, so dass sich der beschriebene Kreislauf bis zu 3000- mal pro Minute wiederholen kann.Into the combustion chamber 1 of any heating system protrudes the high temperature range of one or more displacement cylinder 2 of a Stirling engine, so that the working medium there absorbs the heat energy, which is then supplied to the boiler 4 through the displacement piston 3. The boiler 4 extracts the heat energy from the working medium and thus lowers the temperature of the working medium to a preset low temperature value, which is preferably 40 ° to 60 ° C. Subsequently, the cooled working medium is supplied by the displacement piston 3 again the high temperature region of the displacement cylinder 2, where it absorbs heat energy again, so that the cycle described can be repeated up to 3000 times per minute.

Ein zusätzliches elektrisches Heizelement 15 kann gemäß Fig. 1 den Hoch- temperaturbereich des oder der Verdrängungszylinder 2 umschließt. Das Heizelement 15 dient, unter Verwendung des kostenlos gewonnenen Stroms, zur Unterstützung der Wärmeerzeugung und vermindert somit deutlich die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Heizanlage.According to FIG. 1, an additional electrical heating element 15 can surround the high-temperature region of the displacement cylinder or cylinders 2. The heating element 15, using the electricity obtained free of charge, serves to assist the generation of heat and thus significantly reduces the fuel supply to the heating system.

Die Stromgewinnung erfolgt mittels eines Stromgenerators 16, der gemeinsam mit dem Arbeitszylinder 8 und dem Schwungrad 10 in einem Gehäuse 17 benachbart zum Heizkessel 4 angeordnet ist. Vom Schwungrad 10 aus wird, beispielsweise mittels eines Riementriebs der Stromgenerator 16 angetrieben.The power is generated by means of a power generator 16, which is arranged together with the working cylinder 8 and the flywheel 10 in a housing 17 adjacent to the boiler 4. From the flywheel 10 is driven, for example by means of a belt drive of the power generator 16.

Das Gesamtsystem aus Stirlingmotor, Brennkammer 1 , Heizkessel 4 undThe complete system of Stirling engine, combustion chamber 1, boiler 4 and

Stromgenerator 16 ist mittels einer Isolierung 14 nach außen wärmegedämmt. Die genannten Einrichtungen stehen dabei miteinander im Wärmeaustausch. Daher kann die durch den Stirlingmotor und den Stromgenerator 16 entstehende Reibungswärme durch die Isolierung 14 nicht entweichen und wird in dem Gehäuse 17 gespeichert. Durch die Verbindung des Gehäuses 17 zum Heizkessel 4 kann diese Wärmeenergie zusätzlich vom Heizkessel 4 aufgenommen werden. Damit wird dem Heizsystem zusätzlich weitere thermische Energie zugeführt. Die Isolierung 14 der Vorrichtung dient auch als Schallschutz. Power generator 16 is thermally insulated by insulation 14 to the outside. The said devices are in heat exchange with each other. Therefore, the frictional heat generated by the stirling engine and the power generator 16 can not escape through the insulation 14 and is stored in the housing 17. By the connection of the housing 17 to the boiler 4, this heat energy can be additionally absorbed by the boiler 4. This additional heating energy is supplied to the heating system. The insulation 14 of the device also serves as sound insulation.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Heizungsanlage mit zusätzlicher, kostenloser elektrischer Energiegewinnung, die einen Stirlingmotor aufweist, der als integrierter Stirlingmotor von der thermischen Energie der Heizanlage angetrieben wird, ohne auch nur den geringsten Teil dieser Energie zu verbrauchen, so dass dadurch kein Einfluss auf die Heizeigenschaften, oder auf den Energiebedarf der Heizanlage genommen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stirlingmotor als die Wärmeenergie von einer Brennkammer (1 ) zu einem Heizkessel (4) transferierendes Element angeordnet ist.1. heating system with additional, free electrical energy production, which has a Stirling engine, which is driven as an integrated Stirling engine by the thermal energy of the heating system, without consuming even the slightest part of this energy, so that thereby has no effect on the heating properties, or on the energy requirement of the heating system is taken, characterized in that the Stirling engine is arranged as the heat energy from a combustion chamber (1) to a boiler (4) transferring element. 2. Heizungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem beliebigen Heizsystem, die Brennkammer (1 ) und der Heizkessel (2) getrennt voneinander angeordnet und nur über einen oder mehrere Verdrängungszylinder (2) eines Stir- lingmotors miteinander verbunden sind, in dem der Hochtemperaturbe- reich eines oder mehrerer Verdrängungszylinder (2) in die Brennkammer2. Heating installation according to claim 1, characterized in that in any heating system, the combustion chamber (1) and the boiler (2) arranged separately from each other and only one or more displacement cylinder (2) of a Stirling engine are connected together in the the high-temperature region of one or more displacement cylinders (2) into the combustion chamber (1 ) hineinragt, und dass der Niedertemperaturbereich eines oder mehrerer Verdrängungszylinder (2) in den Heizkessel hineinragt.(1) protrudes, and that the low temperature region of one or more displacement cylinder (2) protrudes into the boiler. 3. Heizungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gesamte in der Brennkammer (1 ) entstandene thermische Energie durch den bzw. die Verdrängungskolben (3), eines oder mehrerer Verdrängungszylinder (2), des Stirlingmotors, dem Heizkessel (4) durch Verdrängung verlustfrei zugeführt wird. 3. Heating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the entire in the combustion chamber (1) resulting thermal energy by the or the displacement piston (3), one or more displacement cylinder (2), the Stirling engine, the boiler (4) is supplied lossless by displacement. 4. Heizungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens im Bereich zwischen der Brennkammer (1 ) und dem Heizkessel (4) eine Einrichtung (14) zur Wärmeisolierung derart vorgesehen ist, dass ein unmittelbarer Wärmeaus- tausch zwischen Brennkammer (1 ) und Heizkessel (4) verhindert wird, und dass ein oder mehrere Verdrängungszylinder (2) des Stirlingmotors diese Einrichtung (14) zur Wärmeisolierung durchragen, wobei der oder die Verdrängungszylinder (2) zu einem unmittelbaren Wärmeaustausch mit der Brennkammer (1) und dem Heizkessel (4) angeordnet sind.4. heating system according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that at least in the region between the combustion chamber (1) and the boiler (4) means (14) for thermal insulation is provided such that a direct heat exchange between the combustion chamber (1) and boiler (4) is prevented, and that one or more displacement cylinders (2) of the Stirling engine protrude through said thermal insulation device (14), said displacement cylinder (s) (2) being adapted for direct heat exchange with said combustion chamber (1) and said boiler ( 4) are arranged. 5. Heizungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch den Stirlingmotor und den Stromgenerator (16) kostenlos gewonnene elektrische Energie; über ein elektrisches Heizelement (15) oder über mehrere elektrische Heizelemen- te (15) die, die Hochtemperaturbereiche der Verdrängungszylinder (2) umschließen; zur Unterstützung der Wärmeerzeugung verwendet wird, sodass die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Heizanlage wesentlich reduziert werden kann. 5. Heating system according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that by the Stirling engine and the power generator (16) won free electrical energy; via an electrical heating element (15) or via a plurality of electrical heating elements (15) which surround the high-temperature regions of the displacement cylinders (2); is used to support the heat generation, so that the fuel supply to the heating system can be significantly reduced.
PCT/DE2009/001650 2008-11-19 2009-11-11 Heating system having additional electrical energy recovery at no cost Ceased WO2010057483A1 (en)

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CN106837595B (en) * 2017-01-17 2018-04-03 燕山大学 A kind of waste heat of chimney generating dust arrester based on Stirling engine
IT201700046076A1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-28 T M A Di Bogliari S R L Internal combustion stove, particularly of the perfected type.

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE13830C (en) * P. LOCHMANN in Zeitz, Prov. Sachsen Connection of a closed air machine with an indoor fountain
FR342854A (en) * 1904-05-05 1904-09-20 Albert Bonnet Hot air motor pump
GB191026743A (en) * 1910-11-17 1911-10-19 Guy Ernest Alan Strangways Improved Combined Hot Air Engine, Pump and Compressor.
GB229235A (en) * 1923-11-17 1925-02-17 William Anderson An improved heat engine
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EP0445510A2 (en) 1990-03-03 1991-09-11 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Heating and electric generator plant
EP0458115A1 (en) * 1990-05-19 1991-11-27 STIRLING MOTORS GmbH Device for generating electrical and heating energy
WO2005035962A2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-21 Wilhelm Servis Hot gas engine
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WO2013087814A2 (en) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Ungaro Srl Burning stove combined with a stirling engine for producing electricity or to be coupled to a heat pump

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