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WO2010052530A1 - Système radar-radiomètre combiné à polarisation multiple - Google Patents

Système radar-radiomètre combiné à polarisation multiple Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010052530A1
WO2010052530A1 PCT/IB2009/000165 IB2009000165W WO2010052530A1 WO 2010052530 A1 WO2010052530 A1 WO 2010052530A1 IB 2009000165 W IB2009000165 W IB 2009000165W WO 2010052530 A1 WO2010052530 A1 WO 2010052530A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radar
receiver
radiometric
signals
receivers
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2009/000165
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English (en)
Inventor
Artashes Koryouni Arakelyan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ECOSERV REMOTE OBSERVATION CENTRE Co Ltd
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ECOSERV REMOTE OBSERVATION CENTRE Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2010052530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010052530A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
    • G01S7/025—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects involving the transmission of linearly polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G01S7/4021—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system of receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to radio-physical methods and radar- radiometer systems for Earth surface (sea and land) and atmospheric remote sensing and sustainable monitoring.
  • the invention may be used for precise retrieval and assessment of observed surfaces' principal parameters, for high- probable detection of surface and subsurface signatures and targets and for reliable identification of their origins.
  • Radio-physical methods and means of remote sensing have wide application for soil, snow and water surface mapping and parameters retrieval. They are used for estimating Earth surface (sea, land) and atmospheric principal parameters such as sea salinity, sea water and near sea surface air temperatures, wind speed and direction, sea wave force, soil and snow moistures and temperatures, snow cover thickness and melting time, soil vegetation biomass and bounded water quantity, maturity and dryness, precipitation quantity (clouds water content), snowfall and rainfall parameters, etc.
  • a current dual polarization, combined radar-radiometer system comprises an antenna, a module for forming of probing pulse signals at a certain frequency ⁇ 1 , a radar receiver for reception of corresponding ("vv” or “hh”) polarized components of reflected radar signals at the frequency ⁇ 1 , a radar receiver for reception of cross polarized components ("vh” or “hv") of reflected radar signals at the frequency ⁇ 1 , a module for forming of a reference signal, a radiometric receiver for reception of vertical (V) polarized components of proper radiothermal signals at the frequency a radiometric receiver for reception of horizontal (“h”) polarized components of proper radiothermal signals at the frequency a module for normalizing and calibrating the radar and radiometric receivers outputs, and a synchronizer.
  • V vertical
  • h radiometric receiver for reception of horizontal
  • An object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of surface parameter estimation accuracy and the classification of surface, subsurface signatures and targets.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome the limitations of the prior art with a radar-radiometer system as claimed in claim 1.
  • the radar- radiometer system is configured for multi-polarization, combined active-passive remote sensing at least to two different frequencies, i.e. in at least two different frequency bands.
  • the number of independent measurements available with the new radar-radiometer system will be increased. Consequently, a more precise (less ambiguous) estimation of the desired parameter and a more reliable identification of surface signatures and targets are possible.
  • the radar-radiometer system comprises: a) an antenna; b) a first transmitter module for forming probing pulse signals at a first frequency, the first transmitter module being in electrical communication with the antenna; c) a first radar receiver for reception of co-polarized components of reflected radar signals at the first frequency (as used herein "co-polarized components” designate those components of received radio signals, i.e.
  • cross-polarized components designate those components of received radio signals, i.e.
  • the second radar receiver being in electrical communication with the antenna and the first transmitter module; e) a reference signal module for forming a reference signal, the reference signal module being in electrical communication with the first and second radar receivers and the first transmitter module to supply the reference signal to the first and second radar receivers and the first transmitter module; f) a first radiometric receiver and a second radiometric receiver for reception of co-polarized and cross-polarized components of proper radiothermal signals at the first frequency, respectively, the first radiometric receiver being in electrical communication with the first radar receiver (i.e.
  • the second radiometric receiver being in electrical communication with the second radar receiver (i.e. the one that receives the cross-polarized reflected signals); g) a first normalization and calibration module in electrical communication with the first and second radar receivers and the first and second radiometric receivers to calibrate and normalize output signals of the first and second radar receivers and the first and second radiometric receivers; h) a synchronizer in electrical communication with the first and second radar receivers, the first and second radiometric receivers, the first transmitter module and the reference signal module; i) a second transmitter module for forming probing pulse signals at a second frequency, the second transmitter module being in electrical communication with the antenna and the synchronizer; j) a third radar receiver for reception of co-polarized components of reflected radar signals at the second frequency, the third radar receiver being in electrical communication with the antenna, the second transmitter module, the reference signal module and the synchronizer; k) a fourth radar receiver for reception of cross-polarized components
  • a third radiometric receiver and a fourth radiometric receiver for reception of co-polarized and cross-polarized components of proper radiothermal signals at the second frequency, respectively, the third radiometric receiver being in electrical communication with the synchronizer and the third and fourth radar receiver, the fourth radiometric receiver being in electrical communication with the synchronizer and the fourth radar receiver; m) a second normalization and calibration module in electrical communication with the third and fourth radar receivers and the third and fourth radiometric receivers to calibrate and normalize output signals of the third and fourth radar receivers and the third and fourth radiometric receivers; and n) a processing module in electrical communication with the first and second normalization and calibration modules, the processing module being configured for joint processing of output signals of the first and second normalization and calibration modules.
  • FIG. 1 is an outline block diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a dual frequency, multi-polarization, combined radar-radiometer system
  • Fig. 2 is a detail block diagram of the combined radar-radiometer system of Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 is a detail block diagram of a possible embodiment of the first and second normalization and calibration modules and the processing module of the combined radar-radiometer system of Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 4 is a detail block diagram of a possible embodiment of a detector- classifier of the processing module of Fig.3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a possible embodiment of the quadrature mixers shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 8 is a timing diagram illustrating a first possible mode of operation of the combined radar-radiometer system of Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating a second possible mode of operation of the combined radar-radiometer system of Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Figs. 1-6 show the components of a first preferred embodiment of a dual frequency, multi-polarization, combined radar-radiometer system.
  • Fig. 1 gives an overview of the system and shows the following high-level components thereof: an antenna 1 , a transmitter module A 1 for forming of probing pulse signals at a first frequency ⁇ 1 , a first radar receiver Bi for reception of co-polarized ("vv” or “hh”) components of reflected radar signals at frequency ⁇ x , a second radar receiver Ci for reception of cross-polarized (“vh” or “hv”) components of reflected radar signals at frequency ⁇ x , a reference signal module D for forming of a reference signal, a first radiometric receiver Ei for reception of co-polarized (vertically (V) or horizontally ("h") polarized) components of proper radiothermal signals at frequency ⁇ x , a second radiometric receiver Fi for reception of cross-polarized (horizontally ("h") or vertically (“v”) polarized) components of proper radiothermal signals at frequency ⁇ 1 , a normalization and calibration module 41 for calibrating and normalizing the output signals of the radar and radiometric receivers
  • vv or "hh" components of reflected radar signals at frequency ⁇ 2
  • a fourth radar receiver C 2 for reception of cross polarized (“vh” or “hv") components of reflected radar signals at frequency ⁇ 2
  • a third radiometric receiver E 2 for reception of co-polarized (vertically (“v") or horizontally (“h") polarized) components of proper radiothermal signals at frequency ⁇ 2
  • a fourth radiometric receiver (F 2 ) for reception of cross-polarized (horizontally ("h") or vertically (V) polarized) components of proper radiothermal signals at frequency ⁇ 2
  • a second normalization and calibration module 78 for calibrating and normalizing the output signals of the radar and radiometric receivers B 2 , C 2 , E 2 , F 2
  • a processing module 79 for joint processing of the output signals of the radar and radiometric receivers at the two frequencies ⁇ x and ⁇ 2 and a synchronizer 80.
  • electrical connections of the different components with the synchronizer 80 are shown as
  • Fig. 2 shows the details of the high-level components of Fig. 1.
  • Transmitter module Ai includes a heterodyne 2, a first power divider 3, a first up-converter 4, a first band pass filter 5, a first power amplifier 6, a first polarization switch 7, a first circulator 8, a first orthomode polarization splitter 9 and a first orthomode waveguide antenna feed 10.
  • Reference signal module D includes: a reference oscillator 11 , a second power divider 12 and a pulse modulator 13.
  • the first radar receiver Bi includes: a first antenna switch 14, a first mixer 15, a third power divider 16, a first quadrature mixer 17, a first squarer 18, a first sample-and-hold circuit 19, a first adder 20, a first video integrator 21, a second squarer 22 and a second sample-and-hold circuit 23.
  • the second radar receiver Ci includes: a second circulator 24, a second antenna switch 25, a second mixer 26, a fourth power divider 27, a second quadrature mixer 28, a third squarer 29, a third sample-and-hold circuit 30, a second adder 31 , a second video integrator 32, a fourth squarer 33 and a fourth sample-and-hold circuit 34.
  • the first radiometric receiver Ei includes a first square-low detector 35, a first synchronous detector 36 and a first integrator 37.
  • the second radiometric receiver Fi includes: a second square-low detector 38, a second synchronous detector 39 and a second integrator 40.
  • the second transmitter module A 2 includes: a second heterodyne 42, a fifth power divider 43, a second up-converter 44, a second pass band filter 45, a second power amplifier 46, a second polarization switch 47, a third circulator 48, a second orthomode polarization splitter 49 and a second orthomode waveguide antenna feed 50.
  • the third radar receiver B 2 includes: a third antenna switch 51, a third mixer 52, a sixth power divider 53, a third quadrature mixer 54, a fifth squarer 55, a fifth sample-and-hold circuit 56, a third adder 57, a third video integrator 58, a sixth squarer 59 and a sixth sample-and-hold circuit 60.
  • the fourth radar receiver C 2 includes: a fourth circulator 61 , a fourth antenna switch 62, a fourth mixer 63, a seventh power divider 64, a fourth quadrature mixer 65, a seventh squarer 66, a seventh sample-and-hold circuit 67, a fourth adder 68, a fourth video integrator 69, an eighth squarer 70 and an eighth sample-and-hold circuit 71.
  • the third radiometric receiver E 2 includes: a third square-low detector 72, a third synchronous detector 73 and a third integrator 74.
  • the fourth radiometric receiver F 2 includes: a fourth square-low detector 75, a fourth synchronous detector 76 and a fourth integrator 77.
  • FIG. 8 Preferred modes of operation of the system of Figs. 1 and 2 are now described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
  • the system uses a time-division scheme for scatterometric (radar) and radiometric operation, i.e. the radar signal emission and reception is separated in time from the radiometric reception.
  • the system operates cyclically: an operating cycle is indicated in Figs. 8 and 9 with reference symbol T P .
  • Time interval Ts is used for transmission of probing signals at both frequencies (as a single pulse as in Fig.
  • Tp u designates the pulse duration.
  • a time interval Tp r preceding the time interval of radiometric reception is intended for protection of the radiometer receiver inputs against the residual influence of the transmitters.
  • the time interval TB is used for reception of proper radiothermal signals of the observed surface at both frequencies and at vertical and horizontal polarizations.
  • Heterodynes (microwave oscillators) 2 and 42 generate continuous signals at baseband frequencies and These signals are used for forming probing signals by up-converters 4 and 44.
  • the signals at and ⁇ H 2 are used as well as local heterodyne signals for mixers 15, 26, 52 and 63 of the system. Therefore, downstream of power dividers 3 and 43, the signals at ⁇ H l and ⁇ H 2 are fed to the inputs of the up-converters 4 and 44 and to mixers 15, 26, 52 and 63.
  • Highly stable HF oscillator 11 provides a continuous reference signal at reference frequency Downstream of the power divider 12, the signals at the reference frequency are fed to pulse modulator 13 and to the phase detectors of the quadrature mixers 15, 26, 52 and 63.
  • the pulse modulator forms pulsed signals at frequency which are mixed with the heterodyne signals at and in the up-converters 4 and 44.
  • the resulting pulsed signals are filtered by the band pass filters 5 and
  • the amplified probing pulse signals are then fed to the antenna 1 via polarization switches 7 and 47, circulators 8 or 24 and 28 or 61 orthomode polarization splitters 9 and 49 and antenna feeds 10 and 50.
  • Antenna 1 transmits the probing pulse signals as vertically or horizontally polarized electromagnetic pulsed waves at and
  • Co-polarized (vv or hh) and cross-polarized (vh or hv) components of reflected pulse signals at frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are received by antenna during the time interval T s - T ⁇ (for the single probing pulse case) or T Re (for the probing pulse train case).
  • the received signals are fed to the circulators 8 and 24 and 28 and 61 , through orthomode antenna feeds 10 and 50 and the orthomode polarization splitters 9 and 49.
  • the circulators forward the signals to the inputs of the antenna switches 14, 25, 51 and 62, which operate during the time intervals T s -T ⁇ or T Re as transmission lines and let the signals pass without changes.
  • the antenna switches 14, 25, 51 and 62 are interrupted so as to protect the inputs of the radar and radiometric receivers from the direct influence of the transmitters.
  • the signals are fed to the mixers 14, 25, 51 and 62, where they are mixed with the heterodyne signals at and
  • the resulting outputs at frequency are passed, through the power dividers 16, 27, 53 and 64, to quadrature mixers 17, 25, 54 and 65.
  • the output signals of the quadrature mixers 17, 25, 54 and 65 are the / (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) components of the signals, which are fed to the inputs of squarers 18, 22, 29, 33 55, 59, 66 and 70.
  • the squared signals are provided to the inputs of the corresponding adders 20, 31 , 57 and 68 via sample-and-hold circuits 19, 23, 30, 34 56, 60, 67 and 71 and thereafter pass the video amplifiers 21, 32, 58 and 69.
  • the resulting signals which now are the dispersions of reflected radar signals, are fed to the corresponding inputs of the modules 41 and 78.
  • the antenna switches 14, 25, 51 and 62 periodically switch the inputs of the mixers 15, 26, 52 and 63 to the antenna and to the equivalent load (thermostable).
  • Vertical and horizontal polarized components of the proper radiothermal signals at frequencies ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 received by the antenna 1 and passed through orthomode antenna feeds 10 and 50, orthomode polarization splitters 9 and 49, circulators 8, 24, 28 and 61 , antenna switches 14, 25, 51 and 62 are mixed with the heterodyne signals at ⁇ H 1 and ⁇ H 2 by mixers 14, 25, 51 and 62.
  • the resulting intermediate frequency signals are fed to the controlled square-low detectors 35, 38, 72 and 75 via power dividers 16,
  • the keys of the controlled square-low detectors are turned off during the time intervals TR and are turned on during the time intervals T B .
  • the outputs are detected by synchronous detectors 36, 39, 73 and 76 and integrated by integrators 37, 40, 74 and 77.
  • the so-obtained dispersions of the proper radiothermal signals are finally fed to the corresponding inputs of the normalization and calibration modules 41 and 78. [0024] Details of the normalization and calibration modules 41 , 78 and the processing unit 79 are now explained with respect to Fig. 3.
  • Normalization and calibration module 41 includes: a first normalizer (normer) 81 , a first threshold circuit (threshold device) 82, a second normalizer 83, a second threshold circuit 84, a third normalizer 85, a third threshold circuit 86, a fourth normalizer 87, a fourth threshold circuit 88, a fifth normalizer 89, a fifth threshold circuit 90, a sixth normalizer 91 , a sixth threshold circuit 92, a seventh normalizer 93, a seventh threshold circuit 94, an eighth normalizer 95, an eighth threshold circuit 96, a first calibrator 97, a second calibrator 98, a third calibrator 99 and a fourth calibrator 100.
  • a ninth normalizer 101 a ninth threshold circuit 102, a tenth normalizer 103, a tenth threshold circuit 104, an eleventh normalizer 105, an eleventh threshold circuit 106, a twelfth normalizer 107, a twelfth threshold circuit 108, a thirteenth normalizer 109, a thirteenth threshold circuit 110, a fourteenth normalizer 111 , a fourteenth threshold circuit 112, a fifteenth normalizer 113, a fifteenth threshold circuit 114, a sixteenth normalizer 115, a sixteenth threshold circuit 116, a fifth calibrator 117, a sixth calibrator 118, a seventh calibrator 119 and an eighth calibrator 120.
  • Processing module 79 includes: a detector-classifier 121; an estimator 122 and a recorder 123.
  • Fig. 4 shows the details of a possible embodiment of a detector- classifier 121.
  • the total numbers of adders ⁇ and detectors are equal and may reach up to 256 (in case of a dual-frequency system) depending on the requirements of the task to be performed.
  • Fig. 5 shows the details of a possible embodiment of any one of the quadrature mixers 17, 28, 54 and 65.
  • Classes of surface and subsurface signatures and targets may be defined through conditions on the measurement values, e.g. as follows:
  • Normalization coefficients denoted herein as of the normalizers 81 , 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 , 93, 95, 101 , 103, 105, 107, 109, 111 , 113 and 115, may e.g. be defined by the following equations:
  • the threshold circuits are configured as to produce constant positive output signals when their input signals exceed the predefined threshold. Otherwise, they develop zero level output signals.
  • the output signals of threshold circuits 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 and 116 are distributed to the inputs of adders ⁇ , in respect to a given class anomaly.
  • the detectors downstream of the adders ⁇ compare the adders outputs with respective thresholds and output a binary signal the binary value of which depends on the outcome of the comparison within the detectors. For instance, the detectors may be configured so as to output a binary "1" if their input signals exceed the respective thresholds, and a binary "0" otherwise.
  • the set of binary signals provided by the detectors defines a binary code, which is processed by a classifier downstream of the detectors. Depending on the binary code inputted to it, the classifier outputs a signal corresponding to a solution on detection and classification of a given class anomaly, which is recorded by a recorder 123.
  • the calibrators 97, 98, 99, 100, 117, 118, 119 and 120 compare their respective inputs and calibration signals and then output analog or digital output signals corresponding to a value of radar cross section or radio brightness temperature. These analog or digital signals are processed by estimator 122, which outputs the results to the recorder 123.
  • the computations carried out by the estimator 122 i.e. its operational features and functional scheme) depend on its current tasks and on the parameters to be estimated.
  • a computer may be used as the estimator 122. Such computer may use any appropriate software for solving of a set of equations and for estimating a parameter to be determined.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative preferred embodiment of a dual frequency, multi-polarization, combined radar-radiometer system. For sake of conciseness, only the differences with respect to the embodiment of Figs. 1 and
  • the normalization and calibration modules 41 , 78, the processing module 79 and the video integrators 21, 32, 58, 69 have been implemented as a multi-channel analog-to- digital converter and a computer with an appropriate software.
  • the multichannel analog-to-digital converter is configured to digitize the outputs of the radar receivers Bi, C-i, B 2 , C 2 and the radiometric receivers E-i, Fi, E 2 , F 2 at components 20, 31, 37, 40, 57, 68, 74, 77, respectively.
  • the computer which receives the digital output signals of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter, is configured so as to basically carry out the functions of the normalization and calibration modules 41, 78 and the processing module 79.
  • the benefits of dual frequency, multi-polarization, combined radar- radiometer systems according to the invention are substantial. In particular, such systems are able to collect much more information about the observed surfaces and targets than conventional radar-radiometer systems. Therefore, they allow improving surface parameter estimation accuracy and surface and subsurface signatures and targets detection and classification efficiency.
  • A. K. Arakelyan I. K. Hakobyan, A. A. Arakelyan, A. K. Hambaryan, M. L. Grigoryan, V. V. Karyan, M. R. Manukyan, G. G. Hoshannisyan, N. G. Poghosyan and T. N. Poghosyan, "Dual-channel, Polarimetric, Combined Scatterometer-Radiometer at 5.6GHz", Electromagnetic Waves and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un système radar-radiomètre combiné à polarisation multiple pour la télédétection de la surface et de l’atmosphère de la terre, comprenant une antenne (1), des modules d’émetteur (A1, A2) pour former des impulsions de sondage à au moins deux fréquences ω1 et ω2, des récepteurs radars (B1, B2) pour la réception des composants co-polarisés des signaux radars réfléchis à ω1 et ω2, des récepteurs radars (C1, C2) pour la réception des composants polarisés croisés des signaux radars réfléchis à ω1 and ω2, un module (D) pour former un signal de référence, des récepteurs radiométriques (E1, E2) pour la réception des composants co-polarisés des signaux radiothermiques propres à ω1 et ω2, des récepteurs radiométriques (F1, F2) pour la réception des composants polarisés croisés des signaux radiothermiques propres à ω1 et ω2, des modules (41, 78) pour la normalisation et l’étalonnage des signaux de sortie des récepteurs radars et radiométriques, un module (79) pour le traitement commun des sorties des modules de normalisation et d’étalonnage et un synchroniseur.
PCT/IB2009/000165 2008-11-05 2009-01-30 Système radar-radiomètre combiné à polarisation multiple Ceased WO2010052530A1 (fr)

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WO2012035316A1 (fr) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-22 Radio Physics Solutions Ltd Améliorations apportées à ou concernant l'imagerie radiométrique par radars en ondes millimétriques et submillimétriques
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CN103559495A (zh) * 2013-10-31 2014-02-05 大连海事大学 一种高光谱溢油信息提取方法
US20140159937A1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Harris Corporation Method and system using a polarimetric feature for detecting oil covered by ice
US20140159938A1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Harris Corporation Method and system using radiometric volumetric data for detecting oil covered by ice
CN104181511A (zh) * 2013-05-23 2014-12-03 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 一种地基微波辐射计定标方法
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CN105116399A (zh) * 2015-08-27 2015-12-02 电子科技大学 一种针对超宽带雷达回波的土壤湿度反演方法
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