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WO2010051375A1 - Compresse de triage à code de couleur - Google Patents

Compresse de triage à code de couleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010051375A1
WO2010051375A1 PCT/US2009/062580 US2009062580W WO2010051375A1 WO 2010051375 A1 WO2010051375 A1 WO 2010051375A1 US 2009062580 W US2009062580 W US 2009062580W WO 2010051375 A1 WO2010051375 A1 WO 2010051375A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
triage
pad
color
absorbent body
backing substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/062580
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Beu
Ronald Jensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paper Pak Industries
Original Assignee
Paper Pak Industries
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paper Pak Industries filed Critical Paper Pak Industries
Publication of WO2010051375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010051375A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/01034—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by a property
    • A61F13/01042—Absorbency
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/00051—Accessories for dressings
    • A61F13/00059—Accessories for dressings provided with visual effects, e.g. printed or colored
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/00051—Accessories for dressings
    • A61F13/00063—Accessories for dressings comprising medicaments or additives, e.g. odor control, PH control, debriding, antimicrobic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F17/00—First-aid kits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
    • A61F2013/00106—Wound bandages emergency bandages, e.g. for first aid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
    • A61F2013/00153—Wound bandages coloured or with decoration pattern or printing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
    • A61F2013/00731—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads
    • A61F2013/00744—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads containing non-woven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00902—Plasters containing means
    • A61F2013/0091—Plasters containing means with disinfecting or anaesthetics means, e.g. anti-mycrobic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00902—Plasters containing means
    • A61F2013/00914—Plasters containing means with deodorising or perfuming means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00902—Plasters containing means
    • A61F2013/00974—Plasters containing means for writing or drawing, e.g. labels

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a triage pad that is color-coded for rapid classification of injuries in emergency situations and has an absorbent body for fluid management.
  • Triage is the process of evaluation and classification of the nature and criticality of injuries when there are insufficient resources at the location for medical care or transportation of everyone at one time.
  • Triage is used where there are multiple persons who are injured or ill to rapidly identify which of the injured persons are in most urgent need of medical attention and transport, and which others have less-severe injuries for whom transport and treatment may be safely delayed, and communicate this to others. In this way, triage is a system to maximize the preservation of life and health, as well as to promote efficient use of medical personnel, space, and equipment.
  • a simple triage system uses color-coded sheets or tags placed by first responders that enable later transporters and medical caregivers to identify, at a glance, which patients most urgently require medical attention and transport, and others whose injuries safely permit a brief delay.
  • a mass casualty incident is an example of a situation where triage can preserve life and health.
  • An MCI can range from an automobile accident involving a few injured persons to large-scale catastrophes where the number of injured persons is in the tens, hundreds, or even thousands. Examples of large-scale catastrophes are train accidents, plane crashes, epidemics, military actions, chemical or biological terror attacks, and natural disasters.
  • First responders on the scene of an MCI employ a triage system to maximize the number of survivors by rapidly communicating the scope of medical needs, thereby promoting efficient use of resources. Rapid communication concerning the number of injured persons, and the nature and severity of their injuries, advances that outcome.
  • a color-coded triage system is one tool that can be used to accomplish this outcome.
  • Color-coded triage systems frequently classify the injured persons into one of either three or four triage categories. Each triage category has a corresponding color code that indicates the nature and severity of injury, or the urgency of transport for further medical treatment. Below are some common triage categories, and their related color codes, in order of highest urgency to lowest urgency for transport and treatment, based on the most recent SALT (Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treatment and/or transport) guidelines:
  • an injured person may be given a color-coded tag by the first responder to indicate the initial assessment of the urgency of transport and further medical treatment. For example, an injured person requiring urgent medical care may receive a red plastic band wrapped around his wrist, or have a red tag attached prominently to his clothing. Subsequent caregivers on the scene can then tell, at a glance, that this person requires immediate treatment and transport. In addition, a brief look for the number of red bands in the vicinity of the accident site can inform subsequent caregivers whether there are two, or ten, or twenty, red bands indicating injured persons requiring immediate action.
  • the person doing the triage may also include additional information about the injured person, or how he was hurt, on the tag as a way to inform subsequent caregivers of underlying conditions or how the injury came about.
  • the color- coded device need not be a wristband; other color-coded triage devices are color-coded flags or cones.
  • a triage system has the flexibility to permit re-triage of injured persons when there are changes in medical condition or changing circumstances at the accident site, as in the above situations.
  • the present disclosure provides an absorbent triage pad that is color- coded to readily indicate the nature and severity of injuries of persons placed thereon, and to absorb body fluids and other liquids to reduce the risks of slipping and of contamination.
  • the present disclosure also provides a triage pad that has a backing substrate that provides support and ruggedness to the triage pad.
  • the backing substrate also serves as a barrier layer against wetness when the triage pad is placed on the ground, and reduces slippage of the triage pad on the surface where deployed.
  • the triage pad has an absorbent body that is connected to the backing substrate that is made of absorbent material that can absorb a large amount of blood, water, and other body fluids, and provides a low-slip surface, even when deployed in inclement weather.
  • the absorbent body can form a portion of the top surface of the triage pad, or can have a cover sheet disposed thereon.
  • the present disclosure further provides a triage pad that has a particular triage color that is visible from above when the triage pad is deployed and indicates one of the color-coded triage categories.
  • the triage color can be incorporated in the backing substrate, absorbent body, and/or cover sheet of the triage pad.
  • the color-coded triage system helps first responders classify the seriousness of injuries.
  • the present disclosure still further provides a triage pad that can be modular, such that each triage pad has a fastener along its edge that permits the triage pad to be secured to an adjacent triage pad to form a larger surface on which can be placed several injured persons in the same triage category. This can improve the efficiency of triage and the well-being of injured persons placed thereon.
  • the modular triage pad allows the size of the triage area to be expanded to meet the scope of any disaster or mass casualty situation.
  • the triage pad is lightweight and portable. When not in use, the triage pad can be folded and/or packaged to a small size.
  • the triage pad is disposable, to assist with easy clean-up at the emergency site, and to reduce the risk of contamination and cross-infection.
  • the present disclosure yet further provides a triage pad that has one or more securing device along its edge that can be used to maintain the position of the triage pad on the ground or other surface where placed.
  • the outer surface of the backing substrate can be made of, or treated with, a low-slip or non-slip material. This helps to secure the triage pad in position on the ground, and reduces slipping by emergency personnel who are walking on the triage pads, even in inclement weather.
  • the triage pad can also have active agents, such as antimicrobials and deodorizers, that are disposed in or on a component of the triage pad, such as the absorbent body, backing substrate, binding, or cover sheet.
  • active agents such as antimicrobials and deodorizers
  • the triage pad provides a method for rapid classification and identification of injured persons at the scene of a mass casualty incident.
  • the triage pad also provides management of blood, water, or other body fluids that are exuded from an injured person placed on the triage pad.
  • the absorptive capability of the triage pad helps to reduce the risk of slipping on the triage pad by emergency personnel, transporters, or medical caregivers, thereby reducing the risk that an emergency caregiver will fall on an injured person placed on the triage pad.
  • the absorption of fluids by the triage pad also wicks away blood and other body fluids exuded from injured persons, thereby reducing the risk of cross- infection, contamination, and hypothermia, while improving the general sense of well-being of the injured person.
  • the present disclosure also provides a triage pad system formed by connecting two or more adjacent triage pads by fasteners to form a large triage tarp that can hold multiple injured persons, and is color-coded to indicate triage category. Also provided is a method for assembling a large triage pad system made of two or more triage pads that are connected by fasteners disposed along the edges of adjacent triage pads.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a bottom view of an embodiment of a triage pad of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a top view of the embodiment of the triage pad of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a connection of two of the triage pads of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a first embodiment of triage pad 10.
  • Triage pad 10 has a backing substrate 12 that forms the back surface 11 of the triage pad, and an absorbent body 14 disposed on a side of backing substrate 12 opposite back surface 11.
  • Triage pad 10 in some embodiments, has a cover sheet 16 (shown in partial section) on top of absorbent body 14 opposite backing substrate 12 to form the layer closest to the injured persons placed on the triage pad.
  • a binder 18 is disposed around one or more of lengthwise edges 20, 22 and widthwise edges 24, 26 around the perimeter of triage pad 10.
  • Backing substrate 12 forms part or the entire back surface of triage pad 10.
  • An embodiment of triage pad 10 has a backing substrate 12 that is folded at the ends to form an edge about a portion of absorbent body 14 that is disposed upon the backing substrate.
  • fasteners 28, 30, that can serve as points for attachment of a plurality of adjacent triage pads 10 to form a larger triage pad system, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fasteners 28, 30 are connected to backing substrate 12 and/or absorbent body 14. If cover sheet 16 is present, fasteners 28, 30 can be connected to cover sheet 16.
  • One or more securing devices 32 that can be one or more holes or slots through the perimeter of the triage pad, and can be used to secure the triage pad to the ground or most surfaces in conjunction with a stake or rod (not shown).
  • the one or more securing devices 32 receive therethrough the stake or rod to anchor triage pad 10 into the ground.
  • weighted edges around the periphery of triage pad 10 can be used to help secure in place the triage pad in position on the ground.
  • securing devices 32 shown as holes through backing substrate 12 and absorbent body 14
  • securing devices 32 can be placed along lengthwise edges 20, 22 and/or widthwise edges 24, 26 to provide further sites for securing triage pad 10.
  • Each of the one or more securing devices 32 can be reinforced by a reinforcement device, such as a metal grommet (not shown), that prevents each securing device 32 from tearing or enlarging when triage pad 10 is secured to the ground by stakes, particularly when securing triage pad 10 in difficult terrain or in inclement weather.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a triage pad system where two triage pads 10 are connected by attaching or overlapping fasteners along a lengthwise edge of a first triage pad with fasteners along a lengthwise edge of a second triage pad.
  • the area of overlap connecting the two triage pads is shown as reference number 34.
  • triage pad As used herein, "triage pad,” “absorbent triage pad,” and “triage tarp” are used interchangeably to refer to triage pad 10.
  • Triage pad 10 is partially or entirely colored with a color indicating a triage category.
  • the color of triage pad 10 is visible when triage pad 10 is deployed on the ground.
  • the color of triage pad 10 is selected from one of the following colors: red, yellow, green, black, blue, orange, white, and gray. These triage colors correspond to standard triage categories, which are described above. The use of a color-coded system helps first responders classify the seriousness of injuries. Any part of triage pad 10, including backing substrate 12, absorbent body 14, and/or cover sheet 16, can be dyed or colored with one of the triage colors to indicate a triage category.
  • Backing substrate 12 is made of a material that includes, but is not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymer films, nylon, cloth, canvas, hemp, flax, cotton fiber material, composite material, and any combinations thereof.
  • a first embodiment of backing substrate 12 is a material that is polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof.
  • Another embodiment of backing substrate 12 is made of nylon, cotton, canvas, or any combinations thereof.
  • Backing substrate 12 provides durability, strength, weather-resistance, tear-resistance, and ruggedness to triage pad 10. For additional durability, backing substrate 12 can be made of puncture-resistant material that will not easily tear even when triage pad 10 is placed on rough terrain.
  • An embodiment of triage pad 10 has a backing substrate 12 made of a material having a low-slip or non-slip surface. Having a low-slip or non-slip surface of backing substrate 12 helps to keep triage pad 10 in position on the ground even when walked on by emergency personnel or by movements of an injured person.
  • An example of a low-slip material for backing substrate 12 is a low-slip polypropylene or polyethylene material.
  • "no-slip" and “low-slip” indicate that a material has a relatively high coefficient of friction (COF) value, and therefore that triage pad 10 resists slipping when placed on the ground or other surface.
  • COF coefficient of friction
  • Backing substrate 12 can be partially or completely impermeable to fluids, such as water, blood, and body fluids, thereby functioning as a fluid barrier layer to prevent fluids exuded from the body of the injured person from contaminating the ground beneath and around triage pad 10, as well as reducing or preventing the amount of ground wetness that can seep up from the ground into absorbent body 14, where such wetness could compromise the integrity of triage pad 10 and contact an injured person.
  • Backing substrate 12 helps to provide a dry, safe environment for placement of injured persons on triage pad 10 at a mass casualty incident, and promotes their feeling of comfort and well- being.
  • backing substrate 12 may be made of a material that is naturally fluid-impermeable or a material that has been chemically treated to reduce permeability (such as treated nylon or treated cloth), or a material that is coated to reduce permeability, such as by urethane or polyester.
  • Backing substrate 12 can also serve as an insulating layer that protects the injured person from the cold ground or surface on which triage pad 10 is placed, by serving as a wind and wetness barrier, thereby reducing the loss of body heat from an injured person to the ground and the risk of hypothermia.
  • An embodiment of backing substrate 12 has an outermost layer 11 (closest to the ground) that serves as a barrier to cold and wind.
  • Outermost layer 11 of backing substrate 12 can be made of any material that resists penetration by wind or cold, and is preferably polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • Outermost layer 11 can optionally have a strengthening layer positioned adjacent to the outermost layer of backing substrate 12.
  • absorbent body 14 is disposed on one side of backing substrate 12. In one embodiment, absorbent body 14 is sized the same as backing substrate 12, and completely covers backing substrate 12. In another embodiment, absorbent body 14 is sized less than backing substrate 12, so that a portion of backing substrate 12 forms an edge about a portion of absorbent body 14.
  • Absorbent body 14 can be permanently connected, and even integral, to backing substrate 12. In another embodiment, absorbent body 14 is removably connected (as a separate piece) to backing substrate 12. In this embodiment, the original absorbent body 14 can be replaced with another, new absorbent body 14 that is disposed on the same backing substrate 12. Absorbent body 14 can be removably connected to backing substrate 12 by an adhesive material, wherein the adhesive material includes, but is not limited to, glue, tape, two-sided tape, thread, and/or a hook-and-loop interlocking device such as VELCRO ® (Velcro Industries B.V. LLC Netherlands, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles).
  • the adhesive material includes, but is not limited to, glue, tape, two-sided tape, thread, and/or a hook-and-loop interlocking device such as VELCRO ® (Velcro Industries B.V. LLC Netherlands, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles).
  • Absorbent body 14 is made of an absorbent material or superabsorbent material that can absorb a large amount of liquids, such as blood and other body fluids from one or more injured persons placed thereon, and/or water from rain or snow that falls on triage pad 10.
  • large amount indicates absorption of at least one (1 ) liter of liquids.
  • blood and other body fluids, and water from the ground or from inclement weather are referred to interchangeably as "liquids" or "fluids” without distinction.
  • Absorbency of triage pad 10 provides a benefit of reducing the slipperiness of top of triage pad 10 when wet, thereby reducing the risk of slips and falls by emergency care workers when walking on the triage pad, which could also cause further injury to the injured persons on the triage pads.
  • absorbent materials that can be used in absorbent body 14 include, but are not limited to, cellulose, cellulose fiber, an airlaid, an airlaid non-woven, an airlaid composite, fluff pulp, tissue, bonding fiber, superabsorbent polymer composites, compressed composite containing a percentage of short or microfiber materials, thermoplastic polymer fiber, thermoplastic polymer granule, cellulose powder, cellulose gel, an absorbent structure having one or more starch or cellulose based absorbents or containing superabsorbent material formed and/or crosslinked, and/or any combinations thereof.
  • An embodiment of absorbent body 14 has a top surface or layer 13 that is made of a non-woven material. Because triage pad 10 is disposable, absorbent body 14 can be made of a biodegradable absorbent or superabsorbent material.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a biodegradable absorbent material is a starch-based absorbent material.
  • Absorbent body 14 can have one or more layers of absorbent or superabsorbent material. Each of the one or more absorbent layers can be simply positioned adjacent to another absorbent layer without being adhered thereto, or some (or all) of the absorbent layers in absorbent body 14 can be bonded together with an adhesive material, or by using static attraction and/or corona discharge techniques. Absorbent body 14 can also have one or more strengthening layers, made of nonwoven material, or meltblown or spunlace composites, to increase resistance to tearing when absorbent body 14 is saturated.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a strengthening layer is a polypropylene non-woven or polypropylene/meltblown non-woven material.
  • the individual layers in absorbent body 14 can be constructed to form a pocket (not shown) that can enclose additional absorbent material (such as tissue layers), a composite absorbent material layer, and/or one or more active agents therein.
  • additional absorbent material such as tissue layers
  • a composite absorbent material layer such as tissue layers
  • one or more active agents therein can be included in another embodiment.
  • Another embodiment has a top layer of absorbent body 14 that is made of a non-slip or low-slip material, or treated with a non-slip/low-slip agent, to reduce movement or slipping of an injured person placed on triage pad 10, particularly if triage pad 10 becomes wet from use in snow or rain, or soaked by body fluids.
  • Absorbent body 14 can be dyed or colored during the production process to indicate any one of the color-coded triage categories.
  • the surface fibers of absorbent body 14 (which can be a composite absorbent material) are dyed to reflect the desired triage color while remaining an integral part of absorbent body 14.
  • An exemplary embodiment is absorbent body 14 that is dyed red to indicate that injured persons placed thereon are in most urgent need of transport or medical treatment.
  • the triage color can be a solid color or patterned for military and civilian applications.
  • triage pad 10 can be color-coded with a red camouflage pattern, enabling easy identification by rescuers in a helicopter but difficult to see by enemy soldiers on the ground, or vice versa, in battle conditions.
  • Absorbent body 14 is dyed a color that is selected from one of the following: red, green, yellow, black, blue, orange, white, gray, and/or khaki. It is not necessary to dye the entirety of absorbent body 14; for example, in another embodiment, only the top layer of absorbent body 14 is dyed with the triage color.
  • a cover sheet 16 can optionally be disposed on top of absorbent body 14.
  • Cover sheet 16 can be sized to cover all or a part of absorbent body 14.
  • Cover sheet 16 can be dyed a color that is selected from one of the following: red, green, yellow, black, blue, orange, white, gray, and/or khaki.
  • the triage color may be a solid color or a patterned color.
  • cover sheet 16 is a nonwoven material, such as spun-bonded polypropylene.
  • Cover sheet 16 can be made of a material of various thickness and/or basis weight for acquisition of a triage color for the finished triage pad 10.
  • An exemplary embodiment of cover sheet 16 is a nonwoven material having a basis weight of about 10 to 34 GSM (grams per square meter), and is typically about 20 to 34 GSM, although a higher basis weight for cover sheet 16 can be used where tear resistance and durability is desired.
  • cover sheet 16 is made of a lighter nonwoven material having a basis weight of about 10 to 16 GSM, to reduce weight or material costs for triage pad 10.
  • the word "about,” for dimensions, weights, or measures of absorbency, means a range that is ⁇ 10% of the stated value, more preferably ⁇ 5% of the stated value, and most preferably ⁇ 1 % of the stated value, including all subranges therebetween.
  • Cover sheet 16 can be treated with one or more surfactants to be hydrophilic and to promote sthkethrough of liquids (such as blood and body fluids) through cover sheet 16 to be absorbed by absorbent body 14.
  • strikethrough means penetration of liquid though a cover sheet to an absorbent layer.
  • One or more surfactants for use in the present disclosure can be anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, non-ionic, or amphoteric surfactants, including, but not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polysorbates, sulfosuccinates, SILASTOL ® (Schill & Seilacher, Boblingen, Germany), fatty amine oxides, linear alcohol ethoxylates, alkanolamides, alkylphenol ethoxylates, block co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, alkylphenol ethoxylates, alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ethers, and any salts and/or any combinations thereof.
  • anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, non-ionic, or amphoteric surfactants including, but not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polysorbates, sulfosuccinates, SILASTOL ® (Schill & Seil
  • Binder 18 is a strip of a material that is placed along part or all of lengthwise edges 20, 22 and/or widthwise edges 24, 26 of triage pad 10 to seal the edges and provide a finished triage pad structure. Binder 18 provides a defined edge to triage pad 10 and reinforces the integrity and shape of triage pad when in use. Binder 18 can be made of a web material, such as polyester or polypropylene, or of nylon or a nylon-based material. Binder 18 can be connected to triage pad 10 with thread (i.e., sewn) or with adhesive material, such as glue.
  • Binder 18 can be attached along any of lengthwise edges 20, 22 and/or widthwise edges 24, 26 of triage pad 10 to a width of between about one- quarter (VA) inch (0.6 cm) to about two inches (5.1 cm) on each of the top side and bottom side of triage pad 10.
  • An embodiment of binder 18 is a strip of web material that is about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in width that is folded over the widthwise edges 24, 26, and sewn to triage pad 10.
  • fasteners 28, 30 are connected along part or all of a lengthwise edge 20, 22 and/or a widthwise edge 24, 26 of triage pad 10 to provide an attachment device for joining adjacent triage pads 10 to form a larger triage pad surface.
  • Fasteners 28, 30 can be an adhesive material that includes, but are not limited to, glue, tape, two-sided tape, thread, and/or a hook-and-loop interlocking device such as VELCRO ® (Velcro Industries B.V. LLC Netherlands, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles).
  • fasteners 28, 30 are VELCRO ® strips that are connected along lengthwise edges 20, 22 of triage pad 10, with a "female” VELCRO ® strip on one lengthwise edge, and a “male” VELCRO ® strip on the opposite lengthwise edge, facing in the opposite direction from each other.
  • two adjacent triage pads 10 can be connected by positioning a first triage pad 10 adjacent to a second triage pad 10, and overlapping the male VELCRO ® strip from the first triage pad with the female VELCRO ® strip of the second triage pad along overlap area 34, to form a larger triage pad area.
  • a third triage pad 10 can be connected with the unattached edge of either first triage pad or second triage pad in the same manner, and so on, to form a triage pad system that can be easily configured to meet the scope of any mass casualty situation.
  • Triage pad 10 is thus constructed to help first responders classify the seriousness of injuries, which is called “triage staging” or “triage classification,” and to help with fluid management if the injured persons are bleeding or the triage pad is deployed in wet weather.
  • Triage pad 10 absorbs blood and other body fluids exuded from the injured person that could otherwise spread on the top of the triage pad and cause the triage pad to become slippery, and so reduces the risk of slips and falls for first responders, caregivers, as well as other injured persons.
  • Triage pad 10 wicks away body fluids from further contact with the injured person, thereby improving patient comfort, and reducing the risk of cross-infection, contamination, and hypothermia.
  • An exemplary embodiment of triage pad 10 has a closed edge format, with two sides of a durable material, and possessing a core of composite material, that provide absorbency, strength, and resiliency.
  • the embodiment further includes VELCRO ® fasteners along the edges that allow the size of the triage area to be expanded to meet the scope of any disaster.
  • Triage pad 10 can have outer dimensions of about twenty-four (24) inches (61 cm) to about ninety-six (96) inches (243.8 cm) in width by about five (5) feet (152.4 cm) to about twenty-five (25) feet (762 cm) in length, and preferably between about thirty-six (36) inches (91.4 cm) and about eighty-four (84) inches (213.4 cm) in width by about ten (10) feet (304.8 cm) to about fourteen (14) feet (426.7 cm) in length.
  • a first embodiment of triage pad 10 has outer dimensions of about seventy-two (72) inches (182.9 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length.
  • triage pad 10 has outer dimensions of about forty-eight (48) inches (121.9 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length.
  • a further embodiment of triage pad 10 has outer dimensions about thirty-three (33) inches (83.8 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length.
  • the thickness of triage pad 10 depends in part on the thickness of absorbent body 14, and so depends on the degree of absorbency desired.
  • An embodiment of triage pad 10 has a thickness of about 0.04 inches (0.1 cm) to about 0.08 inches (0.2 cm), with a small increase in thickness around the perimeter where binder 18 is folded over the edges of triage pad 10.
  • Triage pad 10 can have a rectangular shape, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, or can be another shape, such as shaped to fit the particular needs for a emergency vehicle, as when triage pads are placed on the floor of an ambulance or helicopter.
  • Examples of possible shapes of triage pad 10 can be selected from: round, oblong, extended rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, "doughnut,” and/or conical.
  • triage pad 10 can also be used in a "modular" system, in which two or more triage pads 10 are positioned adjacent to each other and connected by at least one of fasteners 28, 30 to form a large triage pad area.
  • two or more triage pads 10 are connected in series, they form a large triage pad surface area that can be sized to any desired width or length, limited only by the number of triage pads 10 available at the site.
  • Multiple triage pads 10 thus joined can be positioned with any desired degree of overlap to accommodate the space available and the number of injured persons. In this way, a triage pad area can be customized to meet the triage staging needs at the site.
  • each triage pad 10 can be considered as a "module,” “section panel” or “segment” that can used to form a piece of a larger triage pad surface area.
  • two or more triage pads can be assembled to form a larger triage pad having outer dimensions from about five (5) feet (152.4 cm) to about twenty-five (25) feet (762 cm) in width by about five (5) feet (152.4 cm) to about twenty-five (25) feet (762 cm) in length; i.e., covering a total surface area of about twenty-five (25) square feet (762 cm 2 ) to about six-hundred -twenty-five (625) square feet (580,644 cm 2 ) of surface area, on which multiple injured persons can be placed.
  • An embodiment having two triage pads 10 connected by fasteners can have outer dimensions of about ten (10) feet (304.8 cm) to about fourteen (14) feet (426.7 cm) in width by about ten (10) feet (304.8 cm) to about fourteen (14) feet (426.7 cm) in length.
  • two triage pads 10 each having outer dimensions of about seventy-two (72) inches (182.9 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length, can be positioned adjacent to each other and connected via one or more fasteners 28, 30, to form a triage pad surface area having outer dimensions of about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length.
  • triage pad surface formed has outer dimensions of about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length.
  • the triage pad surface formed has outer dimensions that are about eleven (11 ) feet (335.3 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length.
  • Triage pad 10 is of sufficient size to permit one or more injured persons to be placed thereon.
  • triage pad 10 having outer dimensions of about thirty-three (33) inches (83.8 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length is of sufficient size to permit two (2) injured adults, each about six (6) feet (182.9 cm) in height, to be placed comfortably thereon.
  • triage pad 10 formed by joining two or more triage pad 10 with outer dimensions of about eleven (11 ) feet (335.3 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length is of sufficient size for eight (8) to ten (10) adults to be comfortably placed thereon for triage.
  • Triage pad 10 may also be used as an "individualized" triage pads, on which each injured person is placed on a single appropriately-colored triage pad 10 indicating his/her triage category, which remains with the injured person during transportation from the accident site.
  • the triage pad is lightweight, and is readily transportable to an accident site by a first responder.
  • the weight of an exemplary embodiment of triage pad 10 is between about one-half (0.5) pound (0.227 kg) to about ten (10) pounds (4.54 kg), with a preferred weight from about one (1 ) pound (0.454 kg) to about five (5) pounds (2.27 kg), and a more preferred weight of about two (2) pounds (0.91 kg) to about three (3) pounds (1.36 kg).
  • triage pad 10 having outer dimensions of about thirty-three (33) inches (83.8 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length has an approximate weight of about two- and-three-tenths (2.3) pounds (1.04 kg).
  • Triage pad 10 has the capability to absorb large amounts of water, blood, and other body fluids. In this context, the term "large amounts" indicates more than one (1 ) liter of fluid. The precise amount of absorbency can be selected by varying the numbers of layers of absorbent tissue or composite absorbent material present in absorbent body 14.
  • an embodiment of triage pad 10 having outer dimensions of about thirty-three (33) inches (83.8 cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length is able to absorb and retain at least six (6) liters of liquids to about twelve (12) liters, and more preferably can absorb about nine (9) liters of fluids.
  • Joining several triage pads 10 to form a larger triage pad surface having outer dimensions between about 12 feet (365. cm) in width by about twelve (12) feet (365.8 cm) in length provides an absorbent body 14 that can absorb at least twenty-four (24) liters of fluids, and, more typically, can absorb between thirty (30) liters of liquids to about forty-eight (48) liters of fluids.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the larger triage pad can absorb about thirty-six (36) liters of fluids.
  • Triage pad 10 can be constructed to have one or more creases or folds that permit greater ease in folding for storage or during deployment, that do not deter from the strength of the triage pad construction.
  • Various folding configurations may be used for triage pad 10, such as a "flat-over roll” configuration, or “accordion” folding configuration, to reduce the storage space requirements for triage pad 10 prior to deployment.
  • Triage pad 10 is disposable, thereby promoting easier clean-up of the incident site, and reducing the risk of contamination and cross-infection to those persons handling the triage pads for disposal.
  • Triage pad 10 can contain an active agent that reduces the risk of infection and contamination by microbial pathogens, and can reduce and/or eliminate odors. Active agents can be positioned anywhere on and/or in the triage pad, preferably on and/or in absorbent body 14, backing substrate 12, or cover sheet 16.
  • the active agent may be one or more bactericide, fungicide, virucide, disinfectant, sanitizer, sterilizer, mildewstat, surfactant, deodorizer, and any combinations thereof.
  • Active agents include, but are not limited to, a metal, metal compound, surface active agent, quaternary ammonium compound, organic acid, inorganic acid, salt, sulfite, biopolymer, synthetic polymer, chitin, chitosan, nisin, enzyme, arginate, diacetate, antioxidant, and any combinations thereof.
  • the active agent may be added in its active form, or in an inactive form that becomes activated upon contact with other agents, or water, moisture, or body fluids.
  • Triage pad 10 may have one or more pouches (not shown) that can be positioned anywhere on or in the triage pad.
  • the pouch can be used to place documents with patient information, medical supplies, and medications.
  • the pouches can also be used for placement of warming devices in triage pad 10, to reduce loss of body heat, particularly when triage pad 10 is positioned on cold ground.
  • Triage pad 10 of the present disclosure can be used for triage of injured or ill persons, particularly in mass-injury situations where there are large numbers of injured, ill, wounded, or dead persons who must be quickly assessed to classify the type and severity of injury or illness, and then treated or transported off-site to receive further medical care.
  • Absorbent body 14 provides a safer environment for injured persons placed thereon, by reducing the likelihood that a first responder or caregiver will slip or fall, causing further injury to the caregiver or to the injured person. Absorbent body 14 also provides a safer environment for the caregiver by absorbing blood and other body fluids from the injured persons that otherwise would be a source of contamination or infection.
  • a triage pad kit (not shown in the Figures) can contain one or more triage pads 10 placed in a container, for efficient storage and transport of triage pads 10 prior to use.
  • An embodiment of a triage pad kit includes at least one triage pad 10 that is a color representing each of the three or four color triage systems described above (i.e., one of each of the following: a red triage pad, a yellow triage pad, a green triage pad, and optionally a black triage pad), that is placed inside of a container for easy storage and transport prior to deployment.
  • Another embodiment is a military triage pad kit that includes one of each of the following: a yellow triage pad, a green triage pad, and/or a blue triage pad that are placed in a sealed container.
  • An extra triage pad of a "neutral" color i.e., a color that is not associated with a particular triage category
  • a triage pad kit can be packaged under reduced air pressure before sealing, to reduce package size, weight, and absorption of ambient moisture by absorbent body 14 prior to deployment.
  • Triage pads 10 are suitable for any first-response units, such as an ambulance team, firemen, police, Hazmat units, forestry units, and National Guard units. Triage pads 10 would be of help to classify the seriousness of injuries following natural or man-made disasters, such as hurricanes, fires, epidemics, blizzards, flooding, airline crashes, train accidents, military battles, terror attacks, and/or large automobile accidents.
  • a method of using triage pad 10 includes the following steps. Triage pad 10 is removed from its container, and deployed on the ground (or other surface) to its full size. Triage pad 10 is positioned so that a color-coded triage color is clearly visible from above to other caregivers or transporters. If a larger triage pad area is required, additional triage pads 10 (of the same color) can be connected by one or more of fasteners 28, 30, so that the color-coded triage color (such as red, yellow, green, or black) is clearly visible. A first responder who is conducting the triage assesses the nature and severity of injuries to each person, and determines a classification (or "triage category") for each injured person.
  • the first responder selects one of the triage pads 10 from among the one or more color-coded triage pads that corresponds to the seriousness of injury or urgency of treatment of each injured person.
  • the first responder places the injured or ill person on the appropriate triage pad 10 having the triage color corresponding to the seriousness of injury and/or urgency of treatment.
  • Triage pad 10 absorbs blood or other body fluids of the injured persons placed thereon, as well as any water from rain or snow that may have contacted the triage pad.
  • absorbent body 14 can be removed and disposed of, and a new absorbent body 14 disposed on backing substrate 12.
  • Other caregivers or transporters arriving on the scene such as an ambulance team, helicopter team, and/or other medical caregivers, can quickly assess the status and severity of injuries to persons placed on the triage pads, as well as the number of injured persons requiring immediate attention, by noting how many persons are placed on each of the color-coded triage pads 10.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une compresse de triage absorbante qui possède un code de couleur permettant la classification de blessures dans des situations d'urgence et présentant un corps absorbant pour la gestion du fluide. Ladite compresse de triage est légère et jetable. La zone de surface de la compresse de triage peut être étendue en reliant des compresses de triage adjacentes. L'invention porte en outre sur un procédé d'utilisation de la compresse de triage.
PCT/US2009/062580 2008-10-29 2009-10-29 Compresse de triage à code de couleur Ceased WO2010051375A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10950308P 2008-10-29 2008-10-29
US61/109,503 2008-10-29

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3500509A (en) * 1966-07-01 1970-03-17 Amh Corp Reinforced buttonhole
US4097943A (en) * 1975-12-09 1978-07-04 Johnson & Johnson Absorbent pad
US4413032A (en) * 1980-11-27 1983-11-01 Carl Freudenberg Non-woven fabric with wick action
US4865855A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-09-12 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Antimicrobial absorbent food pad

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3500509A (en) * 1966-07-01 1970-03-17 Amh Corp Reinforced buttonhole
US4097943A (en) * 1975-12-09 1978-07-04 Johnson & Johnson Absorbent pad
US4413032A (en) * 1980-11-27 1983-11-01 Carl Freudenberg Non-woven fabric with wick action
US4865855A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-09-12 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Antimicrobial absorbent food pad

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHESTER COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY SERVICES (CCDES), 1 February 2006 (2006-02-01) *

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