WO2010050172A1 - 同期電動機 - Google Patents
同期電動機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050172A1 WO2010050172A1 PCT/JP2009/005637 JP2009005637W WO2010050172A1 WO 2010050172 A1 WO2010050172 A1 WO 2010050172A1 JP 2009005637 W JP2009005637 W JP 2009005637W WO 2010050172 A1 WO2010050172 A1 WO 2010050172A1
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- Prior art keywords
- stator teeth
- winding
- stator
- synchronous motor
- phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
- H02K21/222—Flywheel magnetos
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a winding structure of a synchronous motor driven by two-phase alternating current, and more particularly to a technique for improving torque characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a two-phase motor in which 18 rotor magnets are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and 12 stator salient poles are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In this configuration, the stator salient poles are arranged at an electrical angle of 3 ⁇ / 2 radians. A winding is wound around each stator salient pole in a concentrated manner, and the reference numerals of the stator salient poles are A1, B1, A2, B2,. Each winding of the group (A1, A2,... A6) is connected to be an A phase winding, and each winding of the B group (B1, B2,... B6) is connected to be a B phase winding. Thus, the stator salient poles as a whole have a two-phase winding configuration. A two-phase alternating current having a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 radians is supplied to the two-phase winding.
- each winding When a two-phase alternating current is supplied, each winding is excited and a rotating magnetic field is generated in the air gap.
- the rotor magnet receives an attractive (repulsive) force in synchronization with this rotating magnetic field and rotates at a constant rotational speed. Keep doing.
- Synchronous motors used in compressors, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, etc. are required to have particularly high torque and low torque pulsation due to demands for small size, light weight, high output, low vibration, low noise, and high efficiency. It is done.
- the conventional two-phase motor has a large torque pulsation as described below, and further improvement is required.
- each stator salient pole of the A group is ⁇ radians.
- the maximum torque is generated at the same time with six corresponding cycles.
- the stator salient poles of the B group are shifted from the A group by ⁇ / 2 radians, and the maximum torque is simultaneously generated by six in a period corresponding to ⁇ radians. That is, a torque peak occurs four times in 2 ⁇ radians, which is one cycle of two-phase alternating current. And since the magnitude of the peak is the combined torque of the six stator salient poles, the torque pulsation becomes large.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of reducing torque pulsation as compared with a conventional synchronous motor driven by receiving two-phase alternating current.
- a synchronous motor is a synchronous motor driven by a two-phase alternating current composed of a first-phase and a second-phase alternating current, and includes a rotor including a plurality of magnetic poles arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction; An annular stator yoke and a stator including N (N is an integer of 4 or more) stator teeth disposed on the stator yoke at intervals in the circumferential direction. There are n (n is an integer of 2 or more) stator teeth at the same position, and k (k is an integer of 2 or more) stator teeth arranged in the circumferential direction.
- the child teeth less of the remaining stator teeth The other is located at a position deviating from a position corresponding to an integral multiple of the phase difference of the two-phase alternating current with respect to the reference stator teeth, and the reference stator teeth include the first stator teeth.
- Only one of the first winding supplied with the alternating current of the phase and the second winding supplied with the alternating current of the second phase is wound around the concentrated winding, and the stator teeth in the shifted position
- the first winding to which the first phase alternating current is supplied and the second winding to which the second phase alternating current is supplied are respectively wound around concentrated windings, and the stator teeth unit. Every time, the first winding wound around the stator teeth is connected in series, and for each of the k stator teeth units arranged in the circumferential direction which is the same as or different from the stator teeth unit, A second winding wound around the stator teeth is connected in series.
- the at least one stator tooth is arranged at a position shifted from a position corresponding to an integral multiple of the phase difference of the two-phase alternating current with respect to the reference stator tooth. Both the first and second windings are wound.
- the timing at which the stator teeth at the shifted position generate the maximum torque can be shifted from the timing at which the reference stator teeth generate the maximum torque. Therefore, it is possible to increase the number of torque peaks in one cycle of the two-phase alternating current to disperse the peak generation timing, and to reduce the magnitude of the peaks. be able to.
- the top view of the synchronous motor which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention The top view which shows typically the kind of winding and winding direction in the synchronous motor of FIG. Detailed view of the synchronous motor of FIG.
- winding in the synchronous motor of FIG. The vector diagram which shows the magnitude
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a synchronous motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the synchronous motor 1 includes a rotor 2 and a stator 3.
- the rotor 2 includes a rotor core 4 and 20 permanent magnets 5, and the permanent magnets 5 are arranged on the rotor core 4 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor.
- the magnetic pole 6 constituted by the permanent magnet 5 constitutes a magnetic pole pair in which N poles and S poles are alternately arranged with respect to the stator 3.
- the magnetic pole pair N pole and S pole have an electrical angle of 2 ⁇ radians, and the arrangement interval of adjacent magnetic poles has an electrical angle of ⁇ radians.
- the rotor has 20 magnetic poles, and the electrical angle is 10 times the mechanical angle.
- the stator 3 includes an annular stator yoke 8 and N stator teeth 7 arranged on the stator yoke 8 at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the stator teeth 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke 8. Since the number of magnetic poles is 20 and the number of stator teeth is 18 as described above, the stator teeth 7 are arranged with a deviation of 10/9 per semicircle along the circumference, and adjacent stator teeth. 7 is an electrical angle of ( ⁇ + ⁇ / 9) radians. A winding 9 is wound around the stator teeth 7.
- Between the rotor magnetic poles 10 and 11 means the position of the magnetic neutral point between the magnetic pole N and the magnetic pole S formed by the permanent magnet 5 disposed on the rotor 2. Here, it is mechanically located between the magnets.
- the distance between the magnetic poles changing from the N pole to the S pole in the counterclockwise rotation direction is indicated by 10
- the distance between the magnetic poles changing from the S pole to the N pole in the counterclockwise rotation direction is indicated as 11.
- 11 ′ indicates the position between the magnetic poles at an electrical angle of 2 ⁇ radians with respect to the distance between the magnetic poles 11 and at the same electrical angle but different mechanical angle due to repetition of the magnetic pole pair.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the type and winding direction of the winding in the synchronous motor of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the synchronous motor of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the connection relationship of the windings in the synchronous motor of FIG. 1
- FIG. 5 is a vector diagram showing the magnitude and phase of the magnetic field generated from each stator tooth of the synchronous motor of FIG.
- the 18 stator teeth 7 are assigned symbols from H1 to H18.
- the stator teeth H3 is at an electrical angle of ( ⁇ + ⁇ / 9) radians, that is, 10 ⁇ / 9 radians
- the stator teeth H4 is at an electrical angle.
- the stator tooth H5 is at a position of (2 ⁇ + 2 ⁇ / 9) radians, that is, 2 ⁇ / 9 radians
- the stator tooth H5 is at an electrical angle of (3 ⁇ + 3 ⁇ / 9) radians, that is, 12 ⁇ / 9 radians.
- the stator teeth H1 to H18 have n stator teeth at the same position in electrical angle.
- n may be an integer of 2 or more.
- the two stator teeth H2 and H11 are at the same position in electrical angle. This can also be seen from the fact that in FIG. 2, when the center axis of the stator tooth H2 coincides with the inter-magnetic pole 10, the central axis of the stator tooth H11 coincides with the inter-magnetic pole 10 '.
- the positional relationship between the stator teeth H1 to H18 is rotationally symmetric in units of k stator teeth arranged in the circumferential direction.
- a set of 9 stator teeth from H16 to H6 and a set of 9 stator teeth from H7 to H15 are rotationally symmetric in the counterclockwise direction.
- Each stator tooth is supplied with a first winding to which a two-phase AC A-phase current is supplied and a second B-phase current delayed by ⁇ / 2 radians with respect to the A-phase current.
- One or both of the windings are wound around a single core, so-called concentrated winding.
- FIG. 2 the direction of the current viewed from the end face of the stator when a current flows through the first winding is schematically indicated by a black arrow.
- the direction of the current viewed from the end face of the stator when a current flows through the second winding is schematically shown by a white arrow.
- the first winding is an An turn and the second winding is a Bn turn around the stator teeth at the electrical angle ⁇ n radians with respect to the position of the stator teeth H2.
- the turn numbers An and Bn satisfy the following relational expression.
- stator tooth H17 is at a position advanced by 2 ⁇ / 3 radians in electrical angle with respect to the stator tooth H2. From the above relational expression, the number of turns A17 of the first winding C17 and the number of turns B17 of the second winding D17 wound around the stator teeth H17 are as follows.
- the value of the turn number A17 is negative when the first winding C17 wound around the stator teeth H17 and the first winding C2 wound around the stator teeth H2 are energized. Means that a magnetic field in the opposite direction is generated. In the present embodiment, these winding directions are reversed to generate magnetic fields that are opposite to each other, and are indicated by arrows that are opposite in FIG.
- winding direction is the same direction, one winding is connected so that current flows from the winding start terminal to the winding end terminal, and the other winding is connected to current from the winding end terminal to the winding start terminal. You may decide to connect so that may flow.
- the magnetic field generated by the stator tooth H17 is a combined magnetic field of the magnetic field generated by the A-phase current and the magnetic field generated by the B-phase current, and the phase is delayed by 2 ⁇ / 3 radians with respect to the phase of the magnetic field generated by the stator tooth H2. (Refer to FIG. 5, H17).
- stator tooth H5 is at a position delayed by 2 ⁇ / 3 radians in electrical angle with respect to the stator tooth H2. From the above relational expression, the number of turns A5 of the first winding C5 and the number of turns B5 of the second winding D5 wound around the stator tooth H5 are as follows.
- the magnetic field generated by the stator tooth H5 is a combined magnetic field of the magnetic field generated by the A-phase current and the magnetic field generated by the B-phase current, and the phase is advanced by 2 ⁇ / 3 radians with respect to the phase of the magnetic field generated by the stator tooth H2. (Refer to FIG. 5, H5).
- stator tooth H1 when the counterclockwise rotation direction is the + direction, the stator tooth H1 is arranged at a position delayed by ⁇ / 9 radians from a position shifted by ⁇ radians in electrical angle as viewed from the stator teeth H2.
- the stator tooth H3 is disposed at a position advanced by ⁇ / 9 radians from a position shifted by ⁇ radians in electrical angle as viewed from the stator teeth H2.
- the negative value of the turn number A1 of the first winding C1 indicates that the first winding C1 is wound in the opposite direction to the first winding C2 wound around the stator tooth H2.
- the magnetic field generated by the stator tooth H1 is a combined magnetic field of the magnetic field generated by the A-phase current and the magnetic field generated by the B-phase current, and the phase advances by ⁇ / 9 radians with respect to the -A phase obtained by inverting the A phase. (Refer to FIG. 5, H1).
- the negative number of turns of the first winding C3 indicates that the first winding C3 is wound in the opposite direction to the first winding C2 wound around the stator tooth H2.
- the magnetic field generated by the stator tooth H3 is a combined magnetic field of the magnetic field generated by the A-phase current and the magnetic field generated by the B-phase current, and the phase is delayed by ⁇ / 9 radians with respect to the -A phase obtained by inverting the A phase. (Refer to FIG. 5, H3).
- stator windings of each phase have the above-described configuration, when currents of different phases are supplied to the respective windings wound around one stator tooth,
- the magnetic field generated in the stator teeth is a vector synthesis of the magnetic fields based on the respective windings.
- the ratio of the number of turns of the first and second windings wound around each stator tooth when the number of turns of the first winding C2 wound around the stator teeth H2 is 1.00 is shown. It is shown in 2.
- the ratio of the number of turns of the first winding is A
- the ratio of the number of turns of the second winding is B
- the sum of both is indicated by ⁇ .
- the winding direction of the winding it is indicated by ⁇ .
- the ratio A of the number of turns of the first winding of the stator teeth H2 (H11) is 1.00. Since the stator teeth H2 and H11 are at the same position in electrical angle, the configuration of the windings is the same.
- the ratio A of the number of turns of the first winding of the stator teeth H3 (H12) is -0.94. This indicates that the direction of the magnetic field during energization is opposite to that of the stator teeth H2 (H11) and that the ratio of the number of turns is 0.94.
- the ratio B of the number of turns of the second winding is -0.34. This indicates that when a current is passed in the same direction as the energization direction of A, a magnetic field in the reverse direction is generated, and the ratio of the number of turns is 0.34.
- the ratio of the total number of turns of the stator teeth H3 (H12) corresponds to 1.28.
- the ratio of the total number of turns of the stator teeth H4 (H13) is 1.41, which is the maximum among the stator teeth H1 to H18.
- the ratio of the total number of turns varies from 1.00 to 1.41.
- connection relationship of the windings wound around each stator tooth is as shown in FIG.
- the first winding is connected in series every 9 stator teeth units arranged in the circumferential direction. Specifically, first windings C16 to C6 wound around nine stator teeth H16 to H6 arranged in the counterclockwise direction are connected in series, and nine windings H7 to H15 are connected in series. First windings C7 to C15 wound around the stator teeth are connected in series. These sets are connected in parallel and connected to the external terminals T1 and T2.
- the second winding is connected in series for each same stator tooth unit. Specifically, second windings D16 to D6 wound around 9 stator teeth from H16 to H6 are connected in series, and wound around 9 stator teeth from H7 to H15, respectively. The rotated second windings D7 to D15 are connected in series. These sets are connected in parallel and connected to the external terminals T3 and T4.
- stator teeth are equally spaced at an electrical angle of ( ⁇ + ⁇ / 9) radians, and each stator tooth has a phase that is shifted by ( ⁇ + ⁇ / 9) radians.
- the number of turns of the first and second windings wound around the teeth is set. Therefore, each stator tooth can generate the maximum torque at an optimal timing, so that the overall torque can be increased.
- torque pulsation can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- the stator tooth H1 is at a position delayed by ⁇ / 9 radians from the position shifted by ⁇ radians in electrical angle as viewed from the stator teeth H2.
- a magnetic field H1 having a phase advanced by ⁇ / 9 radians from a phase (phase shifted by ⁇ radians) obtained by inverting the magnetic field H2 is generated.
- the maximum magnetic field is generated in the stator tooth H1, and the axis of the stator tooth H2 and the magnetic pole 10 of the rotor coincide with each other.
- the maximum magnetic field can be generated in the stator teeth H2.
- stator tooth H3 is at a position advanced by ⁇ / 9 radians from a position shifted by ⁇ radians in electrical angle as viewed from the stator teeth H2.
- a magnetic field H3 delayed by ⁇ / 9 radians is generated from a phase (phase shifted by ⁇ radians) obtained by inverting the magnetic field H2.
- stator teeth H2 and the rotor magnetic pole 10 coincide with each other, a maximum magnetic field is generated in the stator teeth H2, and the stator tooth H3 axis and the rotor magnetic pole 11 ' When they match, a maximum magnetic field can be generated in the stator teeth H3.
- the number of turns of the first and second windings wound around each stator tooth is set so as to cancel the positional deviation in electrical angle when viewed from the reference stator teeth. Yes.
- the magnetic field generated in the stator teeth is maximized, so the magnet torque generated by each stator tooth can be maximized.
- the overall torque can be improved.
- the torque produced from each stator tooth is substantially constant, torque pulsation can be reduced.
- the present embodiment is configured to have at least one stator tooth wound around only one type of the first and second windings. Advantages of such a configuration include the following.
- FIG. 6 is a detailed view of a conventional synchronous motor.
- the conventional synchronous motor 41 is a so-called two-phase motor composed of two types of windings (the first winding is A-phase and the second winding is B-phase).
- the synchronous motor 41 includes a rotor 42 including a permanent magnet 45 and a stator 43 including a stator tooth 47.
- stator teeth 47 face the two magnetic poles NS (2 ⁇ radians) of the rotor as + A phase, + B phase, -A phase, and -B phase.
- the circumferential interval of the stator teeth 47 is equal to ⁇ / 2 radians in electrical angle.
- Each stator tooth 47 has only one of two types of windings wound around it.
- the number of poles of this conventional form is the same as that of this embodiment, and is 20 poles using 20 permanent magnets 45.
- the number of the stator teeth 47 of the conventional form is 40 required for concentrated winding. Since there are four types of stator teeth windings, + A, + B, -A, and -B, with respect to the two types of rotor magnetic poles of the magnetic pole NS, four torques at one electrical angle corresponding to one cycle of the energized current Pulsation occurs.
- the cogging torque which is a torque pulsation when no current is supplied, is 40 per rotation, and it is difficult to obtain a smooth rotation.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change in torque over time.
- a torque waveform obtained from the synchronous motor of the present embodiment is indicated by T1
- a torque waveform obtained from the conventional synchronous motor is indicated by T0.
- the product of the number of stator windings opposed to one magnetic pole pair and the current to be energized was compared. According to this, the magnitude of the torque could be increased by 140% in the present embodiment compared to the conventional case. Further, the torque pulsation rate, which is the ratio of the torque pulsation to the average torque, can be greatly reduced to 5.3% in this embodiment compared to 120% in the conventional example. As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve both high torque and reduced torque pulsation, which have been considered as a trade-off relationship.
- the interval between the rotor magnetic poles is a mechanical angle of 18 deg (electrical angle ⁇ radians), whereas the interval between the stator teeth is a mechanical angle of 20 deg shifted from the mechanical angle of 18 deg.
- the stator teeth are arranged to have a phase difference of ⁇ / 9 radians with respect to the electrical angle ⁇ radians, and the magnetic field generated in each stator tooth has ⁇ / 2.
- a phase difference of ⁇ / 9 radians is provided by changing the winding ratio of two types of windings having a phase difference of radians and winding them around the stator teeth. Therefore, the torque obtained from each stator tooth can be made the same, so that the torque pulsation having a fundamental period of ⁇ / 3 radians can be canceled, and the torque obtained from each stator tooth can be maximized.
- the total torque can be increased because it can be performed.
- the synchronous motor according to the present embodiment is a so-called magnet-embedded synchronous motor in which a permanent magnet is disposed inside the rotor core, and in addition to the magnet torque generated by the magnet, reluctance torque due to the difference in magnetic resistance can be used. It can be a synchronous motor.
- the magnitude of the magnetic field generated in the stator teeth is maximized due to the positional relationship between the stator teeth shaft and the rotor magnetic poles being shifted.
- it may be effective to adjust the phase of the magnetic field.
- concentrated winding is used to wind the stator winding around the stator teeth.
- the windings on the end face of the stator so-called coil ends, can be miniaturized, and the synchronous motor can be miniaturized.
- the coil end of the winding is a portion that does not contribute to the torque even when an electric current flows, and the copper loss, which is a Joule loss due to the winding resistance during energization, can be reduced, and is highly efficient.
- a so-called outer rotor type in which the rotor is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the stator is adopted. Therefore, when compared with the same volume, the rotor diameter can be increased as compared with the inner rotor type in which the rotor is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stator. Therefore, even in a synchronous motor having 20 poles as in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to reduce the size of the permanent magnet, so that a reduction in effective magnetic flux can be prevented.
- the synchronous motor has 20 rotor magnetic poles and 18 stator teeth.
- the rotor has a multiple of 9 such as 9 or 27 stator teeth. If the number of magnetic poles is a combination of multiples of 10, that is, a combination of 10q poles and 9q teeth (q is a positive integer), the same effect can be obtained by adopting an arrangement relationship in which the above relationship is established in terms of electrical angle. .
- stator teeth there are two stator teeth at the same position in electrical angle in the 18 stator teeth, and nine stator teeth whose positional relations are arranged in the circumferential direction. It is rotationally symmetric in units. Therefore, the combined attractive force in the radial direction by the stator teeth becomes zero, and no magnetic attractive force acts on the rotor. Therefore, the bearing life is not adversely affected, and a long-life synchronous motor can be obtained.
- stator teeth there are 3 combinations of 9 stator teeth, and the mechanical angle with respect to the shaft is arranged every 120 degrees, so the radial direction by the stator teeth energized in the windings The combined attractive force becomes 0, and no magnetic attractive force acts on the rotor.
- iron loss can be greatly reduced by using a powdered iron core material, a thin plate magnetic material, or an amorphous magnetic material as the magnetic material of the stator, and a more efficient synchronous motor can be obtained.
- the surface area of the winding can be increased by using a plurality of thin windings or flat rectangular wires, and the skin effect during high frequency driving can be reduced, resulting in a highly efficient synchronous motor. .
- the input currents are the first-phase current (vector A) and the second-phase current (vector B).
- vector A the first-phase current
- vector B the second-phase current
- nine types of phases from H1 to H9 (H10 to H18) synthesized by the ratio of the number of turns of the two windings can be created in the stator teeth. Accordingly, since it can be driven with a phase difference of 2 ⁇ / 9 radians with respect to ⁇ / 2 radians of a normal two-phase motor, it is possible to drive more than twice as smoothly.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the arrangement angle of the stator teeth and the configuration of the windings. Since the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing types and winding directions of windings in the synchronous motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 shows the magnetic field generated from each stator tooth of the synchronous motor of FIG. It is a vector diagram which shows a magnitude
- the difference from the first embodiment is that, in the synchronous motor 21, the arrangement of the stator teeth is not equal, and the ratio of the number of turns of the first and second windings is different. If the arrangement of the stator teeth is deviated from equal intervals, the phase of the magnetic field generated from the stator teeth will remain if the number of turns of the first and second windings is set to a value determined on the assumption of equal intervals. Deviates from the optimum phase. Therefore, the first and second turn numbers are corrected by the amount deviated from the equidistant arrangement, and the phase is optimally set to the magnetic field generated from the stator teeth.
- stator teeth are arranged at an equal interval of 20 degrees (mechanical angle).
- stator teeth that are not equally spaced by 20 degrees are shown as H4A, H9A, H13A, and H18A, and H6A, H7A, H15A, and H16A.
- Stator teeth H4A are arranged at an interval of 19 deg with respect to H3, H9A with respect to H10, H13A with respect to H12, and H18A with respect to H1. 10 deg, ⁇ / 18 radians).
- stator teeth H6A are arranged at an interval of 21 deg with respect to H5, H7A with respect to H8, H15A with respect to H14, and H16A with respect to H17.
- the angle is shifted by 10 degrees ( ⁇ / 18 radians). Therefore, H6A and H7A are arranged with an electrical angle of ⁇ radians, and H15A and H16A are also arranged with an electrical angle of ⁇ radians.
- the position of the stator teeth is shifted within the range of ⁇ ⁇ / 9 radians in electrical angle from the position where the stator teeth are equally spaced.
- Table 3 shows the positions of the stator teeth with respect to the stator teeth H2.
- stator teeth are unequal, there are 2 stator teeth at the same position in electrical angle, and 9 stator teeth units arranged in the circumferential direction. It turns out that it is rotationally symmetric.
- the stator teeth are wound with both or one of the first and second windings in a so-called concentrated winding.
- the direction in which the current flows when the first winding is energized is schematically indicated by a black arrow.
- the direction of current flow when the second winding is energized is schematically indicated by white arrows.
- Table 4 shows the ratio of the number of turns of the first and second windings wound around the stator teeth.
- the arrangement of H4A (H13A), H6A (H15A), H7A (H16A), and H9A (H18A) is shifted from the regular intervals, and the turn ratio is corrected accordingly.
- winding is obtained from the following relational expression itself.
- stator teeth H4A (H13A) and H9A (H18A) the arrangement position is deviated by ⁇ / 18 radians (10 deg) in electrical angle with respect to the case of equal intervals, so the number of turns of the first winding Of the second winding is 0.50, the total number of turns is 1.37. Thereby, it is possible to make the number of turns smaller than the ratio 1.41 of the total number of turns of H4 (H13) and H9 (H18) of the first embodiment.
- the winding space factor can be increased by reducing the ratio of the total number of turns, and an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and superior to further downsizing. It is.
- the number of stator teeth that winds only one of the first and second windings can be increased as compared with the first embodiment. Thereby, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the input currents are the first phase current (vector A) and the second phase current (vector B).
- the stator teeth can create nine types of phases from H1 to H9A (H10 to H18A) synthesized by the ratio of the number of turns of the two windings, to the ⁇ / 2 radians of a normal two-phase motor.
- H1 to H9A H10 to H18A
- a smooth drive of 1.5 to 2 times is possible.
- the present embodiment has a feature that nine types of phase differences can be changed at equal intervals by slightly changing the arrangement of the stator teeth and the winding ratio. From this, it can be suggested that an arbitrary combination of phase differences is realized, and when a resonance that cannot be avoided is generated by a device on which the electric motor is mounted, the resonance can be easily avoided.
- the torque pulsation can be reduced by shifting the arrangement interval of the stator teeth at the electrical angle from a position corresponding to an integral multiple of the phase difference of the two-phase AC. That is, the order of the cogging torque when no power is supplied can be increased, and the value of the cogging torque can be reduced.
- both the first and second windings are wound at a winding ratio that corrects the shift.
- the phase difference of the two-phase alternating current is ⁇ / 2 radians, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the phase difference of the two-phase alternating current is arbitrary ⁇ radians
- the number of turns of the first and second windings of each stator tooth can be obtained by the following relational expression.
- stator teeth unit for connecting the second winding in series may be different.
- the first winding is a unit connected in series with nine stator teeth H16 to H6 and nine stator teeth H7 to H15 arranged in the circumferential direction. Is divided.
- the units connected in series are divided into nine stator teeth from H2 to H10 arranged in the circumferential direction and nine stator teeth from H11 to H1. Yes.
- the set of the first windings C16 to C6 and the set of C7 to C15 are connected in parallel, and the set of the second windings D16 to D6.
- D7 to D15 are connected in parallel, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a set of first windings C16 to C6 and a set of C7 to C15 are connected in series, and a set of second windings D16 to D6 and D7 to C7 are connected.
- the set of D15 may be connected in series.
- (5) In the present embodiment, an example is described in which the number of stator teeth is 18 and the number of magnetic poles is 20, but the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can be applied if the number of stator teeth is 4 or more and the number of magnetic poles is an even number different from the number of stator teeth.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a combination of the magnetic pole and the number of teeth is possible.
- a configuration of 8q pole 9q teeth, 10q pole 12q teeth (q is a positive integer), and 16q pole 15q teeth may be used.
- a synchronous motor equivalent to a three-phase drive is illustrated with a two-phase drive, but the present invention is a synchronous motor equivalent to a multi-phase drive such as a five-phase or seven-phase drive with a two-phase drive. It is also applicable to.
- the stator winding is wound around the stator teeth.
- the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to a so-called coreless motor without the stator teeth.
- a skew arrangement may be applied in which the stator windings are shifted in the circumferential direction by a maximum in the circumferential direction as the stator windings move in the axial direction of the rotor.
- the outer rotor type synchronous motor in which the rotor is arranged outside the stator is described.
- the inner rotor type synchronous motor in which the rotor is arranged inside the stator, and the rotation Needless to say, a so-called face-facing axial gap synchronous motor in which the child and the stator are arranged with a gap in the axial direction and a synchronous motor having a structure in which a plurality of them are combined have the same effect.
- the magnetic poles of the rotor are composed of permanent magnets.
- the present invention can also be applied to a synchronous motor using a reluctance torque configured by a difference in magnetic resistance, and a synchronous motor combining both with a rotor.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a synchronous rotating machine, but also to a synchronous generator, a linear synchronous motor driven linearly, and a linear synchronous generator. (13) The present invention can provide a synchronous motor having a small size, high output, low vibration, low noise, and high efficiency, and is particularly useful for an automobile application that requires low vibration and low noise.
- the present invention is applicable to a synchronous motor for a compressor, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, etc., which is small and highly efficient and requires low vibration and noise.
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Abstract
Description
(第1の実施形態)
<概略構成>
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る同期電動機の平面図である。
<固定子ティースの位置関係と固定子巻線の構成>
図2は、図1の同期電動機において巻線の種類および巻回方向を模式的に示す平面図であり、図3は、図1の同期電動機の詳細図である。図4は、図1の同期電動機における巻線の接続関係を示す図であり、図5は、図1の同期電動機の各固定子ティースから生じる磁界の大きさおよび位相を示すベクトル図である。
Bn≒N0×sin(θn)
固定子ティースH17は、固定子ティースH2に対して電気角で2π/3ラジアン進んだ位置にある。上記関係式により、固定子ティースH17に巻回されている第一の巻線C17のターン数A17、第二の巻線D17のターン数B17は、以下のようになる。
B17≒N0×sin(2π/3)=N0×0.87
ここで、ターン数A17の値が負となるのは、通電時に、固定子ティースH17に巻回された第一の巻線C17と固定子ティースH2に巻回された第一の巻線C2とが逆向きの磁界を発生させることを意味する。本実施形態では、これらの巻回方向を逆向きにすることにより、互いに逆向きの磁界を発生させることとしており、図2では逆向きの矢印で示されている。なお、巻回方向を同じ向きにして、一方の巻線では巻き始め端子から巻き終わり端子に向けて電流が流れるように結線し、他方の巻線では巻き終り端子から巻き始め端子に向けて電流が流れるように結線することにしてもよい。
B5≒N10×sin(-2π/3)=N0×(-0.87)
固定子ティースH5が発生させる磁界は、A相電流により生じる磁界とB相電流により生じる磁界との合成磁界となり、その位相は固定子ティースH2が発生させる磁界の位相に対して2π/3ラジアン進んでいる(図5、H5参照)。
<トルクの比較>
次に、本実施形態の同期電動機から得られるトルクと、従来の同期電動機から得られるトルクとを比較する。図6は、従来の同期電動機の詳細図である。従来の同期電動機41は、2種類の巻線(第一の巻線をA相、第二の巻線をB相)で構成された、いわゆる二相モータである。同期電動機41は、永久磁石45を含む回転子42と固定子ティース47を含む固定子43からなる。
<補足説明>
本実施形態の同期電動機では、回転子磁極の間隔が機械角18deg(電気角πラジアン)であるのに対し、固定子ティースの間隔は機械角18degからずれた機械角20degとしている。このように機械的な位相差をもたせることにより、無通電時のトルク脈動であるコギングトルクを低減することができる。
(第2の実施形態)
第2の実施形態は、固定子ティースの配置角度と巻線の構成が第1の実施形態と異なる。これ以外の構成については第1の実施形態と同様なので説明を省略する。
<固定子ティースの位置関係と固定子巻線の構成>
第1の実施形態では固定子ティースの配置角度は20deg(機械角)で等間隔であった。図8に、20degの等間隔ではない固定子ティースをH4A、H9A、H13A、H18Aと、H6A、H7A、H15A、H16Aで示した。
Bn≒N0×sin(θn)
例えば、H6A(H15A)、H7A(H16A)では、第二の巻線29bのみが巻回されていて、これらの固定子ティースの総ターン数の比率は1である。これにより、第1の実施形態のH6(H15)、H7(H16)の総ターン数の比率1.16に比べて少ないターン数とすることができる。
(1)実施形態では、ある固定子ティースを基準としたとき、残りの固定子ティースのうち全部または大部分の固定子ティースは電気角による角度で二相交流の位相差(π/2ラジアン)の整数倍に相当する位置からずれた位置に配置されている。しかしながら、本発明はこれに限らず、残りの固定子ティースのうちの一つでもずれた位置関係にあることとすることにより、従来よりもトルク脈動を低減することができる。
(2)実施形態では、二相交流の位相差をπ/2ラジアンとしているが、本発明は、これに限られない。二相交流の位相差を任意のφラジアンとした場合には、各固定子ティースの第一および第二の巻線のターン数は以下の関係式により得ることができる。
Bn=N0×{sin(θn)/sin(φ)}
(3)実施形態では、図4に示すように、固定子ティース単位毎に第一の巻線が直列に接続され、それと同じ固定子ティース単位毎に第二の巻線が直列に接続されている。すなわち、第一の巻線を直列に接続する固定子ティース単位と第二の巻線を直列に接続する固定子ティース単位とが同じである。しかしながら、本発明は、周方向に並ぶk個(本実施形態ではk=9)の固定子ティース単位毎に直列に接続しさえすれば、第一の巻線を直列に接続する固定子ティース単位と第二の巻線を直列に接続する固定子ティース単位とが異なっていても構わない。そのような例を図10(a)に示す。図10(a)では、第一の巻線については、周方向に並んだH16からH6までの9個の固定子ティースとH7からH15までの9個の固定子ティースとで直列接続される単位が分かれている。これに対し、第二の巻線については、周方向に並んだH2からH10までの9個の固定子ティースとH11からH1までの9個の固定子ティースとで直列接続される単位が分かれている。
(4)実施形態では、図4に示すように、第一の巻線C16~C6の組とC7~C15の組とが並列に接続されていると共に、第二の巻線D16~D6の組とD7~D15の組とが並列に接続されているが、本発明は、これに限らない。例えば、図10(b)に示すように、第一の巻線C16~C6の組とC7~C15の組とが直列に接続されると共に、第二の巻線D16~D6の組とD7~D15の組とが直列に接続されることとしてもよい。
(5)本実施形態では、固定子ティースの個数が18、磁極の個数が20の例で説明しているが、本発明はこれに限られない。固定子ティースの個数が4以上であり、磁極の個数が固定子ティースの個数と異なる偶数個であれば、本発明を適用することができる。
(6)実施形態では、10q極9qティースの構成を挙げているが、本発明はこれに限らない磁極とティース数の組み合わせが可能である。例えば、8q極9qティース、10q極12qティース(qは正の整数)、16q極15qティースの構成でも構わない。
(7)実施形態では2相駆動で、3相駆動と等価の同期電動機を例示しているが、本発明は、2相駆動で、例えば5相や7相など多相駆動と等価の同期電動機にも適用可能である。
(8)実施形態では固定子巻線は固定子ティースに巻回されているが、本発明はこれに限らず、固定子ティースのない、いわゆるコアレスモータにも適用可能である。
(9)実施形態では特に挙げていないが、固定子巻線が回転子の軸方向に進むほど周方向に最大で固定子巻線の配置間隔だけずれていくスキュー配置を施すこととしてもよい。
(10)実施形態では、回転子が固定子の外側に配置されたアウターロータ型の同期電動機で説明しているが、回転子を固定子の内側に配置したインナーロータ型の同期電動機や、回転子と固定子とが軸方向に空隙を持って配置された、いわゆる面対向のアキシャルギャップ式同期電動機や、それらを複数組み合わせた構造の同期電動機でも同じ効果があることは言うまでもない。
(11)実施形態では、回転子の磁極を永久磁石により構成したが、磁気抵抗の差で構成したリラクタンストルクを利用した同期電動機、回転子に両者を組み合わせた同期電動機でも適用可能である。
(12)本発明は、同期回転機に限らず、同期発電機、また、直動駆動されるリニア同期電動機、リニア同期発電機にも適用できる。
(13)本発明は、小型、高出力、低振動、低騒音、高効率な同期電動機を提供することができ、低振動、低騒音性が要求される自動車用途に特に有用である。
2、42 回転子
3、43 固定子
4 回転子コア
5、45 永久磁石
6 磁極
7、47 固定子ティース
8 固定子ヨーク
9 巻線
10、11 回転子磁極間
Claims (15)
- 第一相および第二相の交流からなる二相交流により駆動される同期電動機であって、
周方向に等間隔に配置された複数の磁極を含む回転子と、
環状の固定子ヨークおよび当該固定子ヨークに周方向に間隔をあけて配置されたN(Nは4以上の整数)個の固定子ティースを含む固定子とを備え、
前記固定子において、電気角で同じ位置にある固定子ティースがn(nは2以上の整数)個ずつ存在し、周方向に並んだk(kは2以上の整数)個の固定子ティース単位で回転対称になって、前記N個(Nは4以上の整数で、N=k・n)の固定子ティースを構成しており、
各固定子ティース単位において、k個の固定子ティースのうちの一つを基準の固定子ティースとしたとき、残りの固定子ティースのうちの少なくとも一つは、前記基準の固定子ティースに対して電気角で前記二相交流の位相差の整数倍に相当する位置からずれた位置にあり、
前記基準の固定子ティースには、前記第一相の交流が供給される第一の巻線および前記第二相の交流が供給される第二の巻線の何れか一方のみが集中巻に巻回され、
前記ずれた位置にある固定子ティースには、前記第一相の交流が供給される第一の巻線および前記第二相の交流が供給される第二の巻線の両方がそれぞれ集中巻に巻回され、
前記固定子ティース単位毎に、固定子ティースに巻回された第一の巻線が直列に接続され、
前記固定子ティース単位と同じ、または、それとは異なる周方向に並んだk個の固定子ティース単位毎に、固定子ティースに巻回された第二の巻線が直列に接続されていること
を特徴とする同期電動機。 - 前記N個の固定子ティースにおいて、前記第一相の電流が供給される第一の巻線および前記第二相の電流が供給される第二の巻線は、隣接する固定子ティースが互いに逆向きの磁界を発生させるように巻回されていること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記二相交流の位相差をφラジアンとし、
前記基準の固定子ティースの位置に対する前記ずれた位置にある固定子ティースの位置を電気角でθnラジアンとし、
前記基準の固定子ティースには、前記第一相の交流が供給される第一の巻線のみが巻回されており、そのターン数をN0とし、
前記ずれた位置にある固定子ティースに巻回された第一の巻線のターン数An、第二の巻線のターン数Bnは、以下の関係式から得られ、
An=N0×{cos(θn)-sin(θn)/tan(φ)}
Bn=N0×{sin(θn)/sin(φ)}
ターン数An、Bnの値の正負は、通電時において発生する磁界の向きを示すこと
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記二相交流の位相差をπ/2ラジアンとし、
前記基準の固定子ティースの位置に対する前記ずれた位置にある固定子ティースの位置を電気角でθnラジアンとし、
前記基準の固定子ティースには、前記第一相が供給される第一の巻線のみが巻回されており、そのターン数をN0とし、
前記ずれた位置にある固定子ティースに巻回された第一の巻線のターン数An、第二の巻線のターン数Bnは、以下の関係式から得られ、
An=N0×cos(θn)
Bn=N0×sin(θn)
ターン数An、Bnの値の正負は、通電時において発生する磁界の向きを示すこと
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記N個の固定子ティースが等間隔で配置されており、前記残りの固定子ティースの全部が、前記ずれた位置にある固定子ティースであること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記基準の固定子ティースを中央にして9個の固定子ティースの組が二つ以上周方向に繰り返された構成を有すること
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記N個の固定子ティースが不等間隔で配置されており、前記残りの固定子ティースの中には、前記基準の固定子ティースの位置に対して電気角で前記二相交流の位相差の整数倍に相当する位置からずれた位置にある固定子ティースとずれていない位置にある固定子ティースとがあり、
前記ずれていない位置にある固定子ティースには、前記第一相の電流が供給される第一の巻線および前記第二相の電流が供給される第二の巻線の何れか一方のみが集中巻に巻回されていること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記基準の固定子ティースを中央にして9個の固定子ティースの組が二つ以上周方向に繰り返された構成を有し、
前記基準の固定子ティースには、前記第一の巻線のみが巻回されており、
前記9個の固定子ティースの組の両端の固定子ティースは、どちらも前記ずれていない位置にある固定子ティースであり、これらには第二の巻線のみが巻回されていること
を特徴とする請求項7に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記磁極の数は前記固定子ティースの数と異なる偶数個であること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記磁極の数は10以上であること
を特徴とする請求項9に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記同期電動機は、各巻線の位置関係を維持しつつ前記固定子ティースを無くしたコアレス型の同期電動機であること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記N個の固定子ティースのうち少なくとも一つは、前記回転子の軸方向に進むほど周方向に最大で固定子ティースの配置間隔だけずれていくスキュー配置が施されていること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記同期電動機は、インナーロータ型であること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記同期電動機は、永久磁石埋め込み型であること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。 - 前記同期電動機は、自動車用であること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の同期電動機。
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| US12/808,027 US8134270B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-26 | Synchronous motor |
| CN200980103269XA CN101926072B (zh) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-26 | 同步电动机 |
| JP2010535654A JP5341908B2 (ja) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-26 | 同期電動機 |
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| JP2006288043A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Toshiba Corp | 永久磁石形モータ |
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| JP3428896B2 (ja) | 1998-05-07 | 2003-07-22 | オークマ株式会社 | トルクリップルを低減したモータ |
| JP4032516B2 (ja) | 1998-07-23 | 2008-01-16 | 株式会社デンソー | 自動車用電動駆動装置 |
| JP2001186736A (ja) | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-06 | Hitachi Ltd | シンクロナスリラクタンスモータ及びその駆動システム |
| DE10128696A1 (de) | 2000-06-16 | 2002-01-03 | Aisin Seiki | Motor |
| JP4039074B2 (ja) | 2002-02-14 | 2008-01-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 同期型モータ |
| JP2005073450A (ja) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | モータジェネレータ |
| JP4745857B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-20 | 2011-08-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電気機械 |
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- 2009-10-26 JP JP2010535654A patent/JP5341908B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-26 US US12/808,027 patent/US8134270B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-26 CN CN200980103269XA patent/CN101926072B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-26 WO PCT/JP2009/005637 patent/WO2010050172A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPH09163710A (ja) * | 1995-12-01 | 1997-06-20 | Minebea Co Ltd | モータ構造 |
| JP2002010597A (ja) * | 2000-06-16 | 2002-01-11 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | モータ |
| JP2005124356A (ja) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 回転電機の磁気回路構造 |
| JP2006288043A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Toshiba Corp | 永久磁石形モータ |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011102114A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | 同期電動機駆動システム |
| US8896178B2 (en) | 2010-02-16 | 2014-11-25 | Panasonic Corporation | Synchronous electric motor drive system having slit windings |
| US9543792B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2017-01-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Rotary electric machine, electric motor, machine, electric generator, and electric generating machine |
| JP2016111921A (ja) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-20 | ジョンソン エレクトリック ソシエテ アノニム | ブラシレス直流電気モータ及び電動パワーステアリングシステム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101926072B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
| JPWO2010050172A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
| US8134270B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 |
| CN101926072A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
| US20100289373A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| JP5341908B2 (ja) | 2013-11-13 |
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