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WO2010046657A1 - Procédé et appareil pour produire de l’eau distillée à partir d’eau de mer - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour produire de l’eau distillée à partir d’eau de mer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010046657A1
WO2010046657A1 PCT/GB2009/002530 GB2009002530W WO2010046657A1 WO 2010046657 A1 WO2010046657 A1 WO 2010046657A1 GB 2009002530 W GB2009002530 W GB 2009002530W WO 2010046657 A1 WO2010046657 A1 WO 2010046657A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sea water
water conduit
conduit
distilled water
sea
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2009/002530
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Butterton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2009306126A priority Critical patent/AU2009306126B2/en
Publication of WO2010046657A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010046657A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the present invention seeks to provide a solution to this problem which is cost-effective by utilizing the sun's energy and the cooling effect of the earth.
  • a method of distilling water from sea water comprising the steps of : a) providing an elongate sea water conduit and an elongate distilled water conduit which is spaced from the sea water conduit, the sea water conduit and the distilled water conduit being fluidly interconnected by a vapour passage; b) pumping sea water into the sea water conduit to a level below an inlet of the vapour passage; c) heating the sea water in the sea water conduit using solar energy; d) collecting distilled water in the distilled water conduit as condensate which has passed as water vapour through the vapour passage from the heated sea water conduit; and e) channelling the distilled water in the distilled water conduit to an outlet for use.
  • apparatus for distilling water from sea water using a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising : an elongate sea water conduit having an inlet for the ingress of sea water, a separate elongate distilled water conduit having an outlet for discharge of distilled water, a vapour passage fluidly interconnecting the sea water conduit and the distilled water conduit, a pumping station for pumping sea water into the sea water conduit, and a solar collector for heating the sea water conduit.
  • Preferable and/or optional features of the second aspect of the invention are set forth in claims 18 to 34, inclusive.
  • Figure Ia is a diagrammatic view of a first part of a first embodiment of apparatus for distilling water from sea water, in accordance with the second aspect of the invention and shown in use;
  • Figure Ib is a diagrammatic view of a second part of the apparatus shown in Figure Ia;
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a sea water conduit and a distilled water conduit forming part of the apparatus shown in Figures Ia and Ib;
  • FIGS 3 to 5 show parts of second to fourth embodiments of the apparatus for distilling water from sea water, in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. Ia, Ib and 2 of the drawings there is shown a first embodiment of water distilling apparatus 10 which comprises an elongate sea water conduit 12, an elongate distilled water conduit 14, a vapour passage 16 which interconnects the sea water conduit 12 and the distilled water conduit 14, a sea water pumping station 18 for the sea water conduit 12, a distilled water pumping station 20 for the distilled water conduit 14, and a solar collector 22 provided on the sea water conduit 12.
  • the sea water pumping station 18 is provided near to a shoreline 24 and an inlet pipe 26 of the sea water conduit 12 extends from the sea water conduit 12 and into the sea 28 via the sea water pumping station 18.
  • the sea water conduit 12 has a long longitudinal extent, preferably being in excess of one kilometre and more preferably being in excess of ten kilometres.
  • the sea water conduit 12 is preferably supported above the ground, for example via a series of brick or concrete arch supports 30 or other suitable support means.
  • the sea water conduit 12 must also be horizontal or as close to horizontal as possible to allow regulation and control of a volume of sea water 32 being pumped in via the sea water pumping station 18.
  • an effluent conduit 34 typically being an elongate pipe which is open at both ends, is provided within the sea water conduit 12.
  • the sea water conduit 12 typically being an elongate pipe which is open at both ends
  • the effluent conduit 34 is preferably supported within the sea water conduit 12 so as to be spaced from a lower surface thereof.
  • An effluent outlet end 42 of the effluent conduit 34 extends far out into the ocean, and preferably in the order of kilometres and preferably to a main ocean current.
  • the effluent outlet end 42 is also spaced from a sea bed.
  • the solar collector 22 is a, preferably galvanized or stainless steel, metal surface forming a wall of the sea water conduit 12.
  • the metal surface may be corrugated to increase surface area, and may be black to promote heat absorption. Galvanization or another form of protection is beneficial for protection against the detrimental effects of corrosion by the sea water.
  • the solar collector 22 extends along the entire or substantially entire longitudinal extent of the sea water conduit 12, and in this case has an arcuate lateral extent.
  • the curvature of the solar collector 22 is advantageous to be incident with the sun and thus capture as much solar heat energy as possible.
  • the curvature is also such that a reasonable surface area of the interior surface of the solar collector 22 is in direct contact with sea water 32 within the sea water conduit 12 during use, thereby promoting direct conduction and heat transfer.
  • the distilled water conduit 14 extends in parallel or substantially parallel with the sea water conduit 12, but is provided at an elevation which is below the sea water conduit 12.
  • the distilled water conduit 14 does have a slight downwards gradient, for example, 1 cm in every 100 metres, towards the ground from an end 44 adjacent to the sea water pumping station 18. This end 44 is also closed, and an outlet end 46 of the distilled water conduit 14 extends, for example, to a water tower 48 or other treatment plant via the distilled water pumping station 20.
  • the distilled water conduit 14 may be an elongate, preferably metal, pipe, but is preferably externally insulated to prevent heating by incident sun.
  • the insulation 50 may take the form of pumice or pumice type cladding, and preferably has a white exterior surface to reflect solar energy.
  • the distilled water conduit 14 has an elongate opening 52 along the majority of its longitudinal extent in its upper or side surface for drainage from the vapour passage 16. The opening 52 in the side surface provides a gas trap which prevents or limits back flow of water vapour to the sea water conduit 12.
  • the distilled water conduit 14 is also supported along its longitudinal extent by a heat sink 54.
  • the heat sink 54 is a plurality of spaced metal supports 56, such as iron girders, sunk into the ground 58 and in direct contact with or projecting into the distilled water conduit 14.
  • the iron girders 56 are also insulated from incident solar energy by cladding 60, such as rocks and soil.
  • the vapour passage 16 fluidly interconnects the majority of the longitudinal extents of the sea water conduit 12 and the distilled water conduit 14, and extends from an upper portion of the sea water conduit 12, and down one side to the opening 52 of the distilled water conduit 14.
  • the vapour passage 16 is preferably formed of suitable metal which is also encased in insulation 62.
  • a thermal barrier or thermal break 64 is incorporated at an upper end of the vapour passage 16.
  • the thermal break 64 may be a ceramic element on each side which extends along the longitudinal extent of the vapour passage 16.
  • a thermally non-conductive lining, such as ceramic tiles, may line the vapour passage 16 and, preferably also, the interior of the distilled water conduit 14.
  • the sea water pumping station 18 draws and coarse filters sea water 32 from the nearby sea 28 or ocean and pumps it into the sea water conduit 12 until, through gravitational flow, the vapour passage inlet 66 is approached.
  • one or more sensors can be utilised adjacent to the vapour passage inlet 66 to provide a warning and control of the pumping station to prevent the overflow of sea water into the vapour passage 16 and ultimately into the distilled water conduit 14.
  • the solar collector 22 is heated by incident solar energy, which in turn heats the sea water 32 within the sea water conduit 12. Evaporation occurs, and the solar collector 22, which extends over at least part of the vapour passage 16, channels the water vapour 6$ into the vapour passage 16.
  • the vapour passage 16 is cooler, due to the thermal break 64 and the external insulation 62, and thus the water vapour condenses and drains into the distilled water conduit 14. Heat transfer from the distilled water 70 continues via the heat sink 54 along the distilled water conduit 14, generating further condensate.
  • the distilled water 70 finally flows along the distilled water conduit 14 to the distilled water pumping station 20 where it is drawn off and discharged to the water tower 48 or other treatment plant.
  • This saline effluent 72 is drawn into the effluent conduit 34 and flows in an opposite direction to the flow of sea water 32 in the sea water conduit 12. Due to the higher salt content, for environmental reasons, it is important that this saline effluent 72 is diluted. Consequently, discharge away from the sea floor and preferably into a main ocean current several kilometres offshore is preferable.
  • the saline effluent 72 flowing along the effluent conduit 34 has a raised temperature, thereby heating the effluent conduit 34. Heat transfer to the surrounding sea water 32 within the sea water conduit 12 thus occurs via the effluent conduit 34.
  • Further sensors having outputs to one or more of the pumping stations may be provided to warn of a low water level within the sea water conduit 12, and to warn of high and low water levels within the distilled water conduit 14.
  • the solar collector 22 forms an externally convex side wall and roof of the sea water conduit 12.
  • FIG. 3 a second embodiment of water distilling apparatus 10 is shown.
  • the operation of the apparatus 10 is as described above, and therefore like references refer to like parts and further detailed description is omitted.
  • two sea water conduits 12 are provided which extend in parallel with each other.
  • Two vapour passages 16 are also provided to service each sea water conduit 12. Both vapour passages 16 drain into a common distilled water conduit 14.
  • the sea water conduits 12 are thus on opposite sides of the distilled water conduit 14.
  • This arrangement is advantageous, because it captures solar energy almost regardless as to the position of the sun, and thus time of day.
  • FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of water distilling apparatus 10. Again, operation of the apparatus 10 is as described above, and therefore like references refer to like parts and further detailed description is omitted.
  • the solar collector 22 is planar or substantially planar assuming omission of any corrugation, thus producing a greater surface area.
  • the solar collector 22 thus enables an annex 74 of shallow depth to be defined in the sea water conduit 12.
  • the annex 74 allows faster heating of the sea water therewithin, due to the relatively small volume, and convection enables circulation of this heated water throughout the remainder of the sea water within the sea water conduit 12.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of water distilling apparatus 10. Operation of the apparatus 10 is again as described above, and therefore like references refer to like parts and further detailed description is omitted.
  • the solar collector 22 of this embodiment has a lateral extent which includes a convex portion 76 and a concave portion 78, again assuming omission of any corrugation.
  • the convex and concave portions 76, 78 provide a more directly incident surface for capturing solar heat energy as the sun moves.
  • the concave portion 78 also allows a greater surface area to be in contact with the sea water in the sea water conduit 12, whilst also reducing a depth of sea water to be heated.
  • the saline effluent may be discharged from the sea water conduit at an end opposite the inlet end, if it can be suitably disposed of.
  • the heat sink does not extend into the ground too far, thereby reducing the chance of geothermal back-heating of the heat sink, leading to increased distilled water temperature.
  • the sea water conduit and the distilled water conduit may be tens of kilometres long, or may even be hundreds of kilometres long.
  • a flush cycle might be utilised, for example, during night periods where demand is low, to flush through the sea water conduit and the effluent conduit to prevent or limit the build up of salt deposits and other particulate matter.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the sea conduit, the effluent conduit and the distilled water conduit may be altered to improve heat transference.
  • the effluent conduit may have a non-circular lateral cross-section
  • the distilled water conduit may include indentations in its floor to promote heat exchange with the heat sink.
  • the thermal break described above and shown in the drawings has two directly opposing parts either side of the vapour passage. However, these two parts may be at other offset positions.
  • the vapour passage may extend slightly around and over to meet the solar collector, whereby the vapour passage forms part of the roof of the sea water conduit.
  • the two parts of the thermal break are substantially in the same vertical plane, allowing water vapour to immediately start condensing as it is directed by the roof of the sea water conduit into the vapour passage.
  • the thermal break may also be formed as two lids or covers which are provided along edges of the inlet to the vapour passage. This arrangement may be preferable in terms of reducing manufacturing and/or installation costs. The design is also simplified. As above, the thermal break may be provided opposite each other in the horizontal plane, opposite each other in the vertical plane, or offset from each other.
  • thermal break is preferably ceramic seals, any other suitably resilient thermally non-conductive material could be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé destiné à produire de l’eau distillée à partir d’eau de mer, le procédé comportant les étapes consistant à : a) mettre en place un conduit allongé (12) d’eau de mer et un conduit allongé (14) d’eau distillée espacé par rapport au conduit (12) d’eau de mer, le conduit (12) d’eau de mer et le conduit (14) d’eau distillée étant fluidiquement interconnectés par un passage (16) de vapeur; b) pomper de l’eau de mer dans le conduit (12) d’eau de mer jusqu’à un niveau inférieur à celui d’une entrée (66) du passage (16) de vapeur; c) chauffer l’eau de mer présente dans le conduit (12) d’eau de mer à l’énergie solaire via un capteur solaire opaque (22) formant au moins une partie du conduit (12) d’eau de mer de telle sorte que l’eau de mer qui s’y trouve soit en contact direct avec le capteur solaire (22) de façon à être chauffée par conduction; d) envoyer un effluent salin par un conduit (34) d’effluent dans le conduit (12) d’eau de mer et au contact de l’eau de mer dans une direction amont du conduit (12) d’eau de mer de telle sorte que l’effluent chauffe davantage l’eau de mer; e) recueillir de l’eau distillée dans le conduit (14) d’eau distillée sous forme de condensat qui est passé sous forme de vapeur d’eau à travers le passage (16) de vapeur à partir du conduit (12) d’eau de mer chauffé; f) canaliser l’eau distillée présente dans le conduit (14) d’eau distillée vers une sortie en vue de son utilisation. L'invention concerne également un appareil associé.
PCT/GB2009/002530 2008-10-24 2009-10-22 Procédé et appareil pour produire de l’eau distillée à partir d’eau de mer Ceased WO2010046657A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2009306126A AU2009306126B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-10-22 Method and apparatus for distilling water from sea water

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0819540.6 2008-10-24
GB0819540A GB2464724B (en) 2008-10-24 2008-10-24 Method and apparatus for distilling water from sea water

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010046657A1 true WO2010046657A1 (fr) 2010-04-29

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/GB2009/002530 Ceased WO2010046657A1 (fr) 2008-10-24 2009-10-22 Procédé et appareil pour produire de l’eau distillée à partir d’eau de mer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2009306126B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2464724B (fr)
WO (1) WO2010046657A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2401516B1 (es) 2011-03-22 2014-03-27 Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya Planta desalinizadora solar de agua de mar, salmueras o aguas residuales.
EP2971507A4 (fr) * 2013-03-12 2016-10-12 Lightsail Energy Inc Procédé de formation d'une caverne souterraine et processus de désalinisation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4639293A (en) * 1983-05-06 1987-01-27 Lew Hyok S Partially evacuated solar still
DE19621042A1 (de) * 1996-05-24 1997-11-27 Noell Lga Gastechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Entsalzung von See- bzw. Meerwasser
US20060130826A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2006-06-22 Van Els Hans J Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water
US20060272933A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2006-12-07 Jean-Paul Domen Distillation methods and devices in particular for producing potable water
US20080105531A1 (en) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-08 Burke Francis P Methods and apparatus for signal processing associated with phase change distillation

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50101279A (fr) * 1974-01-14 1975-08-11
GB2000272B (en) * 1977-03-28 1982-03-17 Prewer J Method of and apparatus for utilizing solar energy
US4292136A (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-09-29 Spie-Batignolles Device for desalting sea or brackish water by using solar energy
JP3123125B2 (ja) * 1991-07-05 2001-01-09 松下電器産業株式会社 ２気筒回転式圧縮機
JPH06254536A (ja) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-13 Mitsubishi Corp 真水回収装置及び液体濃縮装置
DE4444932C2 (de) * 1994-12-16 1999-01-07 Wilfried Kley Vorrichtung zur Wasserentsalzung
JP2764254B2 (ja) * 1995-12-06 1998-06-11 敏雄 金子 太陽熱利用の自動開閉式水蒸気発生装置
FR2904822A1 (fr) * 2006-08-11 2008-02-15 Florent Baarsch Dispositif utilisant l'energie solaire pour distiller l'eau impropre a la consommation
DE102007022072A1 (de) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Hartmut Langhans Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Süßwasser aus Salzwasser

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4639293A (en) * 1983-05-06 1987-01-27 Lew Hyok S Partially evacuated solar still
DE19621042A1 (de) * 1996-05-24 1997-11-27 Noell Lga Gastechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Entsalzung von See- bzw. Meerwasser
US20060130826A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2006-06-22 Van Els Hans J Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water
US20060272933A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2006-12-07 Jean-Paul Domen Distillation methods and devices in particular for producing potable water
US20080105531A1 (en) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-08 Burke Francis P Methods and apparatus for signal processing associated with phase change distillation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0819540D0 (en) 2008-12-03
AU2009306126A1 (en) 2010-04-29
GB2464724A (en) 2010-04-28
GB2464724B (en) 2013-08-07
AU2009306126B2 (en) 2015-04-16

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