WO2010044067A1 - Thermal beam processing machine with length compensation and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine tool (1) and a method for separating a work piece (11) from a raw material (2) are provided, wherein at least one target dimension (x(Tref)) of the work piece (11) is present in electronic form and wherein the machine tool (1) comprises a processing head (6) that moves relative to the raw material (11). To this end, a first temperature (T x ) of at least one machine section (3, 5) of the machine tool (1), said section being used to move the processing head (6) relative to the raw material (2), and/or a second temperature (T M ) of the raw material (2) and/or an ambient temperature (T U ) is/are measured. Using the measured temperature or measured temperatures (T x, TM, TU), a coefficient of expansion (ax) of the raw material (2) and a coefficient of expansion (ax) of the machine section (3, 5), the at least one target dimension (x(Tref)) is then corrected.

Description

THERMAL BEAM PROCESSING MACHINE WITH LONG COMPARISON AND METHOD THEREFOR

The invention relates to a machine tool for separating a workpiece from a raw material, wherein at least a desired dimension of the workpiece is in electronic form and the machine tool comprises a processing head movable relative to the raw material. In addition, the invention relates to a method for cutting out a workpiece from a raw material with the aid of a machine tool with a machining head movable relative to the raw material, wherein at least one desired dimension of the workpiece is in electronic form.

In a modern production, high demands are placed on the delivered and processed components, since in some cases only small deviations from a target size to a deterioration of the quality of the manufactured product and / or problems in an automated

Production line leads, for example when a robot can not assemble a component because of a too tight fit. The resolution of a machine tool, with which a workpiece is produced, is a parameter that influences the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. The higher the resolution, ie the smaller the incremental steps that can be performed with the digital control of the machine tool, the higher the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. An additional influencing parameter is the temperature at which a workpiece is made. The higher the temperature of the machine, the more it expands. At the same dimensions as digital setpoints in a machine, the workpiece is cold Machine smaller than with a warm machine. This has a particular effect on the quality of a series of workpieces, for example when a machine is put into operation in a cold workshop hall in the morning and only slowly heats up to a constant operating temperature. The workpieces produced in this way are likely to have different dimensions, the dimensional deviations are often above the theoretical resolution limit of the machine tool. This is particularly unpleasant insofar as even the use of an expensive, accurate machine does not necessarily lead to the desired result. From the prior art, therefore, methods are known to detect the temperature of a machine and to correct their process paths accordingly.

DE 1922 643, for example, discloses a machine tool in which the temperature at the machine is measured and used to scale the process paths.

WO 03/051575 A1 discloses a method for achieving a desired repeatability of an industrial robot comprising at least one arm with a drive, which arm is heated by the energy of the drive and thus expands. The temperature is measured on the robot and used for temperature compensation of the process paths.

The prior art methods are based on an identical elongation of workpiece and machine. In the case of steel, this usually applies as well, because most machines are predominantly made of steel. However, the machine and workpiece consist of materials with different coefficients of expansion and / or machine and workpiece are heated differently, so considerable dimensional variations can result, especially when relatively large workpieces are produced. All these circumstances are particularly common in machine tools for thermal forming, so for example in flame cutting machines, plasma cutting machines and laser cutting machines. Regrettably, the high expectations for computer-controlled workpieces for the reasons mentioned often can not be met. In addition, in thermal machines with respect to thermally induced dimensional changes, of course, the heat input into the workpiece an additional disturbing role.

The object underlying the present invention is now to provide a machine tool and a method, which or which allow the production of a workpiece whose actual mass correspond more closely to its target masses, than was previously possible.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a machine tool having the features of patent claim 1 and / or by a method having the features of patent claim 10.

Accordingly, it is provided in addition to a machine tool of the type mentioned

-) a first temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of at least one machine part of the machine tool, via which the machining head is movable relative to the raw material, and / or a second temperature sensor for measuring the Temperature of the raw material and / or a third temperature sensor for measuring the ambient temperature, and -) providing means for correcting the at least one desired value using the measured temperature or the measured temperatures, a coefficient of expansion of the raw material and an expansion coefficient of the machine part.

Accordingly, it is also provided, in a method of the type mentioned in addition to the steps:

-) measuring a first temperature of at least one machine part of the machine tool, over which the machining head is movable relative to the raw material, and / or a second temperature of the raw material and / or an ambient temperature and

-) Correction of the at least one desired value using the measured temperature or the measured temperatures, an expansion coefficient of the raw material and an expansion coefficient of the machine part to perform.

The invention makes it possible to take into account different expansions of workpiece and machine. In this case, the temperature of at least part of the machine and / or the temperature of the raw material and / or the ambient temperature is measured. With known expansion coefficients of

Raw material from which the workpiece is cut, and with known expansion behavior of the machine, these different dimensions can be determined and the target mass be corrected accordingly. If the machine expands more strongly than the raw material, the digitally present nominal dimensions of the workpiece are reduced slightly, so that the greater extent of the machine compared to the raw material is taken into account and ultimately a workpiece is obtained, the actual mass largely correspond to the target masses. The accuracy can be increased despite the different dimensions of the machine and raw material sometimes up to the resolution limit of the machine tool.

A machine tool often consists of a plurality of materials so that the expansion behavior compared to the raw material is difficult to calculate. For example, this can be done with the finite element method (FEM). But also empirical tests, that is measurements for the expansion behavior of the machine can serve as a basis for the correction of the desired mass of the workpiece. It should be noted that the machine often will not expand equally in all dimensions or, more precisely, not in all axes of motion. Even inhomogeneities of the raw material to be processed, ie different expansion in the x-, y- and z-direction are conceivable. Advantageously, therefore, for each axis of the robot or the machine tool, a separate correction of the desired mass will take place, which differs from the other axes.

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the description in conjunction with the figures of the drawing.

It is advantageous if a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor and means for correcting the at least one desired dimension are provided with the aid of the measured temperatures, an expansion coefficient of the raw material and an expansion coefficient of the machine part. In this variant of the invention, the temperature of the raw material and the machine tool Therefore, the dimensions of these can be determined very precisely.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the second temperature sensor is designed as an infrared sensor. While temperature measurement on machine tool components is relatively easy to accomplish, temperature measurement on the raw material is a major challenge in two ways. On the one hand, the raw material is changed frequently, making the use of a contact temperature sensor cumbersome, on the other hand, the raw material sometimes becomes very strong heated, which is why the use of high temperature sensors is required. Both requirements are well met by an infrared sensor, as it works first contactless - which makes it unnecessary to connect and disconnect a contact sensor - and secondly can be used for high temperatures.

It is advantageous if a plurality of first and / or second and / or third temperature sensors is provided and means are provided for correcting the at least one desired value for processing an average value or weighted mean value of the temperatures. Temperature sensors measure - unless they are infrared sensors with a large detection angle - the temperatures only locally, which is why different temperature distributions are not detected by a single sensor. For this reason, it is proposed to provide a plurality of sensors whose average or weighted average is used for the inventive length compensation. It is advantageous if the means for the correction for the multiplication of the at least one desired dimension with the scaling factor

C _x _D [l + α _M (T _x -T _ref )] / [l + α _x (T _x -T _ref )] or C _x _D [l + α _M (T _M -T _{r β} f)] / [ l + α _x (T _M -T _ref )] or

C _x _D [l + α _M (Tu-T _rβ f)] / [l + 0Cχ (Tu-T _re f)] or

C _x _D [l + α _M (T _M -T _re f)] / [1 + GC _x (T _x -TrSf)] are provided, α _{x is} the expansion coefficient of the machine in the x-direction, α _M of the expansion coefficient of the Raw material in the x-direction, T _re f a reference temperature, T _M the temperature of the raw material, T _x the temperature of at least one machine part, which the process path of the

Affects the machining head in this direction, and T _1, an ambient temperature is .. In a homogeneous raw material, and a machine with a machining head which is moved with three mutually orthogonally disposed carriage (eg portal robot) sufficient often a simple multiplication of the target mass, it is , In contrast, in robots that are kinematically more complex moves (eg articulated arm robot), a scaling of the target dimensions in several axes affect. It is conceivable for simplicity, only the temperature of the machine T _x , only the temperature of the raw material T _M or only the ambient temperature T ₁ , to measure. However, it is advantageous to measure both the temperature of the machine T _x and the temperature of the raw material T _M.

It is also advantageous when the means for correcting for adding a length difference Ax _D x (T _ref) [(α _M (T _x - T _ref) - α _x (T _x - T _ref)] / [l + α _x ( T _x - T _ref )] or

Δx - D x (T _ref ) [(α _M (T _M - Tref) - CC _x (T _M - T _ref )] / [1 + Ct _x (T _M - T _re f)] or

Δx D x (Tref) [(α _M (Tu- Tref) - OCχ (Tu ^~ T _ref )] / [1 + CC _x (Tu- T _ref )] or Δx _D x (τ _r ef) [(α _M (τ _M -τ _rβ f) _{-α x} (τ _x -τ _ref )] / [i + α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] to the at least one desired dimension Instead of multiplying a nominal dimension by a

Scaling factor here is a difference in length, which is due to the different extent of raw material and machine tool, added to a nominal dimension (or subtracted from it).

It is favorable, finally, if the desired mass for the later operating temperature of the workpiece are present and the correction means for correcting the at least one desired value using the measured temperatures of the later operating temperature, an expansion coefficient of the raw material and a coefficient of expansion of the machine part is provided .. Components are sometimes at very high operating temperatures, about a few hundred degrees, used. If several components are to interact, a corresponding clearance at room temperature has to be considered. In order to relieve the designer of such devices of this activity, which can be quite expensive, especially when using different materials, the desired dimensions of the workpiece can also be related to its subsequent use temperature. A part that is used, for example, ultimately at higher temperatures is therefore cut correspondingly smaller.

It should be noted at this point that this embodiment can also be applied independently of the measurement of a temperature when the temperature during the separation process is known or estimated. When mechanical separation can be assumed that a temperature of about 20 ° C-25 ° C, the thermal separation - in particular by means of laser - the temperature may be higher to set. Especially if If the later operating temperature differs greatly from the production temperature (eg 500 ^° C. compared to 20 ^° C.), inaccuracies in the temperature estimation play less of a role.

It is advantageous if the means for the correction for the multiplication of the at least one desired dimension with the scaling factor

C _x _D [l + α _M (T _x -T _{r β} f)] / {[l + α _x (T _x -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or C _x _D [l + α _M (T _M -T _{r β} f)] / {[l + α _x (T _M -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or

C _x _D [l + α _M (Tu-T _rβ f)] / {[l + α _x (Tu-T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or c _x _D [ i + α _M (τ _M -τ _rβ f)] / {[i + α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] ^• [i + α _M (τ _B -τ _ref )]}, wherein in addition to the already mentioned parameters a temperature T _B , namely the later operating temperature at which the workpiece is to be used, is processed. In this way it is possible to produce a workpiece that is dimensionally solid at a certain temperature at any temperature of raw material and machine tool.

It is favorable, finally, if the means for correction to add a length difference

Δx _D x (τ _ref ) [(α _M (τ _x -τ _ref ) -α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] /

{[l + α _x (T _x -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or Δx _D x (T _ref ) [(α _M (T _M -T _ref ) -α _x (T _M -T _ref )] /

{[l + α _x (T _M -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or

Ax _D x (τ _r ef) [(α _M (Tu-τ _re f) - α _x (Tu-τ _ref)] /

{[l + α _x (Tu-T _ref )] ^• [l + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or

Δx _D x (τ _ref ) [(α _M (τ _M -τ _ref ) -α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] / {[i + α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] ^• [i + α _M (τ _B -τ _ref )]} are provided for the at least one desired dimension. This is an alternative to the above-mentioned method for correcting the target mass of a workpiece.

At this point it is noted that the

Embodiments and advantages of the inventive machine tool relate equally to the inventive method and vice versa.

It should also be noted that the correction means may be implemented in software and / or hardware, for example as part of the control software of the machine tool or as an integrated circuit, for example in the form of an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). While in the case of a hardware implementation, the means should rather be seen as a physical unit, in the case of implementation in software, an interpretation rather than a functional unit will be considered.

Finally, it is noted that the invention relates to all types of machine tools, such as, for example, water jet cutting machines, saws, shears, punches, nibbling machines, milling machines, lathes and the like. The invention is particularly advantageous with respect to machines in which the cutting out of a workpiece is not performed mechanically but thermally, ie, for example, on flame cutting machines, plasma cutting machines and, in particular, laser cutting machines.

The above embodiments and developments of the invention can be combined in any manner. The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments indicated in the schematic figures of the drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a symbolic laser cutting machine;

Fig. 2 is a schematic of the length measurement in machine tools;

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the expansions of

Raw material and machine tool shows.

In the figures of the drawing are the same and similar parts with the same reference numerals and functionally similar elements and features - unless otherwise stated - provided with the same reference numerals but different indices.

FIG. 1 symbolically shows a variant of a machine tool 1 according to the invention, which cuts out a workpiece from a raw material 2 consisting of two guide rails 3 in the y direction (referred to as "y guide rails" in succession), two slides 4 guided on the guide slides 3 an attached guide rail 5 in the x-direction (hereinafter referred to as "x- guide rails") and a displaceable on the x-guide rail 5 machining head 6, which (not shown), that for example a laser, includes the cutting device. On the left y- guide rail 3, three temperature sensors 7a..7c and on the x-guide rail 5, three temperature sensors 8a..8c are arranged. In the example shown, the temperature sensors 7a..7c and 8y..8c are fixed to the Machine tool 1 installed, for example glued or screwed. It is important to ensure good temperature transition between the component to be measured and the sensor 7a..7c and 8a..8c, for example by using a thermal paste. In addition, the machine tool 1 comprises an infrared temperature sensor 9 ("IR sensor" for short), which measures the temperature of the raw material 2 without contact, of course, Figure 1. The machine tool 1 is shown only in stylized form, and usually such a machine 1 has additional components Furthermore, the machine tool 1 is suitable only for cutting flat workpieces, but of course the invention also relates to three-dimensional cutting operations.

FIG. 2 symbolically shows a ruler 10 of the machine tool 1, the machining head 6, as well as a workpiece 11. The ruler 10 has the temperature T _x and the workpiece 11 the temperature T _M. In addition, the workpiece 11 is also shown at a temperature T _B (dotted line). Finally, Figure 2 also shows 3 different positions of

Processing head 6 or different lengths of the workpiece 11 x (T _re f), x (T _M ) and x (T _B ) and the ambient temperature T ₁₁ .

Finally, FIG. 3 shows the expansion behavior of machine tool 1 and raw material 2. The temperature T is shown on the horizontal axis, and the process path of the machine tool 1 or the expansion of the raw material 2 in the x direction on the vertical axis. The machine tool 1 expands with the expansion coefficient CC _x (dashed line), the Raw material 2 with the coefficient of expansion α _M. Here too, the temperatures T _re f, T _x , T _M and T _B already mentioned for FIG. 2 as well as the assigned positions / lengths x (T _re f), x (T _x ), x (T _M ) and x are (T _B ) shown ..

The function of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is as follows:

The starting point for the following considerations are desired mass of the workpiece 11, which in digital form in the

Machine tool 1 are present, wherein for the sake of simplicity, only the expansion in the x direction is taken into account. The workpiece 11 is to be used later at an operating temperature T _B and thereby have a length X < _TB ). With the IR sensor 9, the temperature of the raw material 2 from which the workpiece 11 is to be cut is determined. The temperature T _{M is} measured. Because of the (normally positive) expansion coefficient of the raw material CC _M and because the temperature T _{B is} higher than the temperature T _M , the workpiece 11 is shorter at the temperature T _M and has a length of only x (T _M ). This means that the workpiece 11 has to be cut at the position x (T _M ) so that it has the length x (T _B ) at the operating temperature. The machine tool 1, more precisely a ruler 10 of the same, but is not on the

Temperature T _M but at the temperature T _x , which is slightly higher than the temperature T _M. Because of the expansion coefficient of the ruler 11 in the x-axis CC _x this is slightly shortened compared to the workpiece 11. The machining head 6, which moves from the left side to the desired position, therefore remains slightly ahead of the position x (T _M ), namely at the position x (T _x ). If the workpiece 11 were now cut as known in the art, so the workpiece 11 would be a bit too short. According to the invention, the present desired mass of the workpiece 11 is now changed so that the final product actually has the desired mass, so the actual mass largely - as far as other factors such as play in the drives, the resolution limit and accuracy of the length measurement, etc. allow this - correspond to the target masses. In the following, the derivation of the formula is explained, first without and then taking into account the later operating temperature T _B. For the expansion of the machine (indicated here for the x-axis):

τ (r _v ) _Dχiτ _{r £ f} ) • [i * a _x - (r, - r _{rs /} )]

For the expansion of the raw material applies.

wherein the temperature T _re f indicates the temperature at which the machine tool 1 has absolute accuracy, that is, an electronically predetermined measure of 10 cm also leads to a process path of actually 10 cm. At this temperature, the machine 1 would - apart from play in the drives, measurement inaccuracies, etc. - so produce absolutely accurate workpieces 11. Further, x (T _ref ) indicates a target dimension at the temperature Tref, x (T _x ) the target dimension when the machine 1, more specifically those machine parts which influence the process path of the machining head 6 in the x-direction (here the x Guide rail 5), with the expansion coefficient CC _x in the x direction on the

Heat temperature T _x and x (T _M ) indicates the target size, when the raw material 2 with the expansion coefficient CC _M in the x-direction to the temperature T _M heats. Wanted is now the factor C _x , with which the target mass x (T _re f) must be multiplied, so that the different longitudinal extent of machine and raw material is compensated.

Lf.W '~ _g f f-

c, _D

If the target mass of a workpiece x (T _ref ) is now multiplied by this factor, then despite the different expansion of raw material 2 and machine 1 a mass-containing workpiece 11 is produced. Specifically, the workpiece 11 is dimensionally solid at the temperature T _ref . If a different reference temperature is desired, for example, because the workpiece later at particularly low or high

Temperatures is used and should have the desired dimension in this state, then they must be multiplied setpoint x (T _ref ) with another factor C _XTB .

D ^: - -

Wherein c _X g _{it represents} the factor, both the expansions of raw material 2 of the workpiece 11 and the

Machine tool 1 and the later operating temperature T _{B of} the workpiece 11 taken into account. As an alternative to multiplying the setpoint mass x (T _re f) by a factor, a correction value can also be added to it. It applies

n,. f T \ \ ~ ..fτ \ κ ~ .ej.- ^{: uX} K '~ ef) ~ ^ ^Λ K ¹ TZf)

' ; J- Cl _s " \ J _y — i _j._{a if} Jj-AΛV. - ' _χ

'; J-Cl _s "\ J _y - i _j . _{A if} Jj

[x_:,*iτ,_f -7_?._if)-a,. (T, -T_ref}]Δx {T _χ ) J ⁾ x (T " _ef ) * a _M ^• {T _{s -T} , _βf ) - x [T _rβf ) - ^ - (T _{x -T} , _{g /} )

_[x: * iτ, _{f -7?} , _if ) -a ,. (T, T _ref}]

where Δx (T _x ) represents the difference in length between raw material 2 and machine tool 1 at the temperature T _x . This must, before it can be added to the target masses x (T _ref) related to the reference temperature T _ref, giving Ax (T _re f) results. If exact mass is desired for a later operating temperature T _B , then ..

The foregoing considerations have been made for only one axis, namely the x-axis of the machine tool 1. Of course, 1 analog corrections can be performed for the other axes of the machine tool. Often it will be the case that all axes expand with the same coefficient of expansion. It is also conceivable, however, that the axes expand differently. In this case, for example, there are different coefficients CC _x , CCy and CC ₂ before. The same applies to the raw material 2. Again, different coefficients of expansion in different directions are possible. Instead of CC _M then about CCMX, 0C _My and CC _{Mz would} be set. Also, the separate measurement of the temperature of the raw material T _M and the

Machine tool T _x advantageous but not necessary for simplified procedures. In this case, the formulas given simplify in part, since T _x can be equated with T _M or T ₁ , respectively. If several sensors are used for temperature measurement, for example on an axis of the machine tool 1, then in the formulas the mean value or, if sections of the machine tool 1 expand differently in one direction, a weighted mean value is to be used. Optionally, if different materials are used for the machine tool 1, the expansion can also be calculated in sections. Finally, it is also conceivable to scale the target mass only in one direction, eg in the x direction. This is particularly practicable if this axis is relatively long compared to the other axes of the machine tool 1 and there are thermally induced deviations particularly strong, in contrast, hardly affect the other axes.

At this point, it should be mentioned that advantageously the desired mass is first corrected as such and then a digitization of the data, that is to say a conversion of the desired mass into incremental steps of the machine tool 1, takes place. Although in principle the correction of the already digitized target data is possible, however, due to the discrete steps additional inaccuracies may result. Reference sign list

1 machine tool

2 raw material 3 guide rails in y-direction

4 sleds

5 guide rail in x-direction

6 machining head

7a..7c Temperature sensors for y-guide rail 8a..8c Temperature sensors for x-guide rail

9 infrared sensor

10 ruler

11 workpiece

T _ref reference temperature T _M temperature of the raw material 2

T _x temperature of the x-axis of the machine tool 1

T _B Operating temperature of the workpiece 11 x (T _re f) setpoint at reference temperature T _re fx (T _M ) setpoint at temperature of the raw material T _M X (T _x ) setpoint at temperature of the x-axis of the

Machine tool T _x x (T _B ) setpoint at the operating temperature of the workpiece T _B

CC _M expansion coefficient of the raw material 2

CC _x expansion coefficient of the x-axis of the machine tool 1

Δx difference in length

Claims

claims 1. A thermal beam processing machine (1), in particular cutting machine, in particular laser cutting machine, for separating a workpiece (11) from a raw material (2), wherein at least one desired dimension (x (T _re f)) of the workpiece (11) is present in electronic form and the beam processing machine (1) one opposite the Raw material (11) comprises movable machining head (6), characterized by -) a first temperature sensor (7a..7c, 8a..8c) for measuring the temperature (T _x ) of at least one machine part (3, 5) of the shot-blasting machine (1) via which the machining head (6) relative to the raw material (2 ), and / or a second temperature sensor (9) for measuring the temperature (T _M ) of the raw material 2 and / or a third temperature sensor for measuring the ambient temperature (T _n ) and -) means for correcting the at least one Target dimensions (x (T _re f)) using the measured temperature or the measured temperatures (T _x , T _M , T _n ), an expansion coefficient (α _M ) of the raw material and an expansion coefficient (α _x ) of the machine part. 2. Thermal beam processing machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first temperature sensor (7a..7c, 8a..8c) and the second temperature sensor (9) and means for correcting the at least one desired dimension (x (T _re f )) with the aid of the measured temperatures (T _x , T _M ), an expansion coefficient (α _M ) of the raw material and an expansion coefficient (α _x ) of the machine part are provided. 3. Thermal beam processing machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second Temperature sensor (9) is designed as an infrared sensor. 4. Thermal jet processing machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plurality of first and / or second and / or third Temperature sensors (7a..7c, 8a..8c, 9) is provided and the means for correcting the at least one desired mass (x (T _ref )) after processing an average or weighted average of the temperatures (T _x , T _M , T _n ) are provided. 5. A thermal beam processing machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for correction for multiplying the at least one desired mass (x (T _re f)) with the scaling factor C _x = [l + α _M (T _x T _ref)] / [l + α _x (T _x -T _ref)] or C _x = [1 + α _M (T _M -T _ref )] / [1 + α _x (T _M -T _ref )] or C _x = [1 + α _M (Tu-T _ref )] / [1 + α _x (Tu-T _ref )] or C _x = [1 + α _M (T _M -T _ref )] / [1 + α _x (T _x -T _ref )]. 6. Thermal beam processing machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for correction for adding a difference in length Δx = x (T _r ef) [(α _M (T _x -T _ref ) - α _x ( T _x -T _ref )] / [l + α _x (T _x -T _ref )] or Δx = x (T _r ef) [(α _M (T _M -T _re f) -α _x (T _M -T _ref)] / [l + α _x (T _M -T _ref)] or Ax = x (T _r ef) [(α _M (Tu-T _re f) - α _x (Tu-T _ref)] / [l + α _x (Tu-T _ref )] or Ax = x (T _r ef) [(α _M (T _M -T _re f) - α _x (T _x -T _ref)] / [l + α _x (T _x -T _ref)] to the at least one target Mass (x (T _ref )) are provided. 7. Thermal beam processing machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the desired mass (x (T _re f)) for a later operating temperature (T _B ) of the workpiece (11) can be entered and the correction means for the correction of at least one desired mass (x (T _re f)) with the aid of the measured temperatures (T _ref , T _x ), the later operating temperature (T _B ), an expansion coefficient (α _M ) of the raw material and an expansion coefficient (α _x ) of the machine part provided is. 8. A thermal beam processing machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for correction for multiplication of the at least one desired dimension (x (T _ref )) with the scaling factor C _x = [1 + α _M (T _x -T _ref )] / {[1 + α _x (T _x -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _r ef)]} or C _x = [l + α _M (T _M -T _ref )] / {[l + α _x (T _M -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _r ef)]} or C _x = [ l + α _M (Tu-T _ref )] / {[l + α _x (Tu-T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _re f)]} or c _x = [1 + α _M (τ _M -τ _ref )] / {[1 + α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (τ _B -τ _ref )]}. 9. A thermal beam processing machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for correction for adding a difference in length Δx = x (T _r ef) [(α _M (T _x -T _ref ) - α _x (T _x -T _ref )] / {[l + α _x (T _x -T _ref )] ^• [1 + α _M (T _B -T _re f)]} or Δx = ^χ (τ _r ef) [(α _M (τ _M -τ _re f) - -τ α _x (τ _{M ref)]} / {[l + α _x (T _M -T _ref)] ^• [l + α _M (T _B -T _re f)]} or Ax = x (T _r ef) [(α _M (Tu-T _re f) - α _x (Tu-T _ref)] / {[l + α _x (Tu-T _ref)] ^• [l + α _M (T _B -T _ref )]} or Δx = ^χ (τ _r ef) [(α _M (τ _M -τ _re f) -α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] / {[l + α _x (τ _x -τ _ref )] ^• [l + α _M (τ _B -τ _ref )]} to which at least one desired dimension (x (T _re f)) are provided. 10. A method for cutting out a workpiece (11) from a raw material (2) by means of a thermal beam processing machine (1), in particular a cutting machine, in particular a laser cutting machine, with a machining head (6) movable relative to the raw material (2), wherein at least one desired dimension ( x (T _re f)) of the workpiece (11) is present in electronic form, characterized by -) measuring a first temperature (T _x ) of at least one machine part (3, 5) of the shot-blasting machine (1), over which the machining head (6) is movable relative to the raw material (2), and / or a second temperature (T _M ) the raw material (2) and / or an ambient temperature (T _n ) and -) correction of the at least one desired mass (x (T _ref )) with the aid of the measured temperature or the measured temperatures (T _x , T _M , T _n ) Expansion coefficient (α _M ) of the raw material and an expansion coefficient (α _x ) of the machine part. 11. A thermal jet machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains a control software that ensures the automatic operation of the method according to claim 10.