WO2010041401A1 - プロテインホスファターゼ阻害剤 - Google Patents
プロテインホスファターゼ阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010041401A1 WO2010041401A1 PCT/JP2009/005128 JP2009005128W WO2010041401A1 WO 2010041401 A1 WO2010041401 A1 WO 2010041401A1 JP 2009005128 W JP2009005128 W JP 2009005128W WO 2010041401 A1 WO2010041401 A1 WO 2010041401A1
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- 0 CC(CC(C1CC2O*)C3(C)C2C(C)(*)CC(*)(*)C3)CC1O* Chemical compound CC(CC(C1CC2O*)C3(C)C2C(C)(*)CC(*)(*)C3)CC1O* 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/695—Silicon compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel protein phosphatase inhibitor and a medicine containing the same.
- Protein phosphatase is an enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphorylated proteins. In vivo, glucose metabolism, smooth muscle contraction, cell cycle, DNA replication, transcription, translation, cell adhesion, cell activation / differentiation, etc., biological immunity It is said to act on the maintenance of the nervous system and nervous system. Therefore, protein phosphatase inhibitors are widely searched because they have potential to become various drugs.
- protein phosphatases serine / threonine phosphatases (Ser / Thr phosphatases) are classified into four types of PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PP2C (PPM1) families based on chemical properties and gene structures. Since the PPM1 family is particularly involved in the control of cell functions such as DNA repair mechanism, stress response, signal transduction, and cell proliferation, the development of its inhibitor has attracted particular attention.
- PPM1D Protein Phosphatase Magnesium-Dependent 1, Delta
- PPM1D is a phosphatase that increases in the cell by receiving a tumor suppressor protein p53-dependent induction when DNA is damaged by ultraviolet rays or electromagnetic radiation.
- Non-patent Document 1 Non-patent Document 1
- PPM1D is constitutively expressed in vivo, and studies using knockout mice suggest that PPM1D is involved not only in carcinogenesis but also in spermatogenesis, aging, and immune response.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new protein phosphatase inhibitor.
- the present inventor considered low oral compounds and evaluated protein phosphatase inhibitory activity in consideration of the possibility of oral administration, immunogenicity, etc. when administered as a pharmaceutical.
- the silicon compound represented has excellent protein phosphatase inhibitory activity, particularly PPM1D inhibitory activity, and the inhibitory activity is higher in PPM1D selectivity than the inhibitory activity against PPM1A (p38-dependent phosphatase) which is a similar phosphatase.
- PPM1D inhibitory activity protein phosphatase inhibitory activity
- PPM1A p38-dependent phosphatase
- the present invention has the general formula (1)
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; X represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms) Or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent; n represents a number of 0 or 1)
- the protein phosphatase inhibitor which uses the silicon compound represented by these, or its salt as an active ingredient is provided.
- the present invention also provides a medicine containing the compound represented by the above general formula (1) or a salt thereof.
- the present invention also provides use of the compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof for producing a protein phosphatase inhibitor.
- the present invention also provides use of the compound represented by the above general formula (1) or a salt thereof for the production of a medicament.
- this invention provides the protein phosphatase inhibition method which administers the compound represented by the said General formula (1), or its salt.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating a malignant tumor, comprising administering a compound represented by the above general formula (1) or a salt thereof.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the present compound (1)) or a salt thereof selectively inhibits PPM1D, which is a p53-dependent phosphatase that is a tumor suppressor gene. Therefore, it is useful as a pharmaceutical represented by a therapeutic agent for malignant tumors.
- the compound (1) of the present invention or a salt thereof is a low molecular compound, there is no problem such as immunogenicity, and the administration route is not limited, so that it is useful as a medicine.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and include hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group include linear, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, and further linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, aralkyl groups, or aromatic hydrocarbon groups. Is preferred. Further, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a C 6-10 aryl-C 1-6 alkyl group is preferable.
- alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, and tert-butyl group are preferable.
- aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group are preferable.
- phenyl-C 1-4 alkyl groups such as benzyl group and phenethyl group are preferred.
- the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 3 on these silyl groups may be the same or different.
- (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si— include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tri (n-propyl) silyl group, triisopropylsilyl group, tri (n-butyl) silyl group, Examples include tri (sec-butyl) silyl group, triisobutylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, dimethylphenylsilyl group, methyldiphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group, and the like.
- X represents a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms may be any of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbons, and may be saturated or unsaturated. More preferably, it is a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms.
- hydrocarbon group examples include a C 3 -C 24 alkyl group, a C 3-24 alkenyl group, a C 3-24 alkynyl group, and a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a C 3 -C 24 cyclic structure.
- C 3 -C 24 alkyl groups include C 3 -C 6 alkyl such as n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc. Groups are preferred.
- Examples of the C 3-24 alkenyl group include 1-propen-1-yl group, 2-propen-1-yl group, isopropenyl group, 1-buten-1-yl group, 2-buten-1-yl group, 3 C 3 -C 8 alkenyl groups such as -buten-1-yl group, 1-buten-2-yl group, 2-buten-2-yl group and 3-buten-2-yl group are preferred.
- the C 3-24 alkynyl group is preferably a C 3 -C 8 alkynyl group such as propynyl group, pentynyl group, hexynyl group, octynyl group and the like.
- saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a C 3 -C 24 cyclic structure examples include a hydrocarbon group having a cyclic structure having 1 to 3 5- or 6-membered cyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons. .
- hydrocarbon groups are selected from a hydroxy group, a nitrile group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a substituted sulfonyl group, a halogen atom, a trisubstituted silyl group, and a trisubstituted silyloxy group. It may have up to 4 substituents.
- the alkoxy group and the alkylthio group preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group preferably has 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the tri-substituted silyl group or tri-substituted silyloxy group is preferably the above-described (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si— (O) n — group.
- the substituted sulfonyl group include a C 1-4 alkanesulfonyl group such as a methanesulfonyl group, a benzenesulfonyl group, and a toluenesulfonyl group. These substituents may have 1 to 4 substituents.
- heterocyclic group represented by X examples include a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, and specifically include a pyrrolyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a pyridyl group, a furanyl group, and a tetrahydrofuranyl group. Group, pyranyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group and the like.
- the heterocycle may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkyl group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, an alkenylamino group, an acyloxy group, and an aralkyloxy group.
- substituents selected from an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkyl group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, an alkenylamino group, an acyloxy group, and an aralkyloxy group.
- the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- alkyl group include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- alkylamino group examples include alkylamino groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methylamino group and ethylamino group.
- alkenylamino group examples include a propenylamino group and a 2-methylene-propylamino group.
- acyloxy group examples include an acetoxy group and a propionyloxy group. A benzyloxy group etc. are mentioned as an aralkyloxy group.
- Preferred examples of the compound (1) of the present invention include those represented by the following formulas (2) to (8).
- R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si—, at least one of which is (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si-;
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, or may combine with the hydroxy group of R 8 to form —O— (ether bond);
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, R 8 represents a hydroxy group, or R 7 and R 8 may be combined to form an oxo group ( ⁇ O).
- the compound (2) of the present invention has a plurality of asymmetric carbon atoms, it can exist in a state of a plurality of optically active substances or a mixture thereof.
- a preferable steric structure of the compound (2) of the present invention is as follows.
- R 9 represents a hydroxymethyl group, a carboxyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same as above
- Ar represents an aryl group (for example, a phenyl group), and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same as above)
- the compound (1) of the present invention may form a salt.
- acids or bases forming the salt include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid; organic acids such as acetic acid, succinic acid and citric acid; sodium and potassium And alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium.
- the compound (1) of the present invention may be in the form of a hydrate or the like.
- the compound (1) of the present invention is characterized by having (R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si (O) n-in the structure, and the compound without this structure has a protein phosphatase inhibitory effect. In particular, there is almost no PPM1D inhibitory effect.
- the compound (1) of the present invention can be produced, for example, according to the following reaction formula.
- a silicon compound having a leaving group Z ((R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si—Z) is reacted with alcohol or phenol (HO—X) in the presence of a base, and (R 1 ) (R 2 ) Obtain (R 3 ) Si-OX.
- a silicon compound having a leaving group Z ((R 1 ) (R 2 ) (R 3 ) Si—Z) and an organometallic compound (MX) are reacted, and (R 1 ) (R 2 ) ( R 3 ) Si-X is obtained.
- the leaving group Z is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a chloro group, a bromo group, an iodo group, a sulfonic acid group, an alkylsulfonic acid group, an arylsulfonic acid group, and a perchloric acid group.
- the base include trialkylamine, dialkylarylamine, sodium hydride, methyllithium, and n-butyllithium.
- M represents a metal ion, preferably an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as lithium, sodium, potassium, or magnesium.
- the compound (1) of the present invention or a salt thereof obtained as described above has a cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activity and protein phosphatase inhibitory activity, particularly strong PPM1D inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity also acts on PPM1D in cells (particularly in cancer cells). PPM1D is known to undergo induction dependent on p53, which is a tumor suppressor gene. On the other hand, PPM1A is the same Ser / Thr phosphatase as PPM1D, but is said to be p38-dependent.
- the compound (1) of the present invention has a feature that it hardly inhibits PPM1A and specifically inhibits PPM1D. Therefore, this invention compound (1) or its salt is useful as a malignant tumor therapeutic agent. Furthermore, since the compound (1) of the present invention is a low molecular weight compound, it is not immunogenic and can be administered orally. Therefore, it is useful as a pharmaceutical for mammals including humans in terms of safety and compliance. It is.
- the compound of the present invention (1) or a salt thereof is contained in a pharmaceutical composition, it can be blended with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as necessary, and various administration forms can be adopted depending on the purpose of prevention or treatment.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier examples include oral preparations, injections, suppositories, ointments, patches, and the like, and oral preparations are preferable.
- Each of these dosage forms can be produced by a conventional formulation method known to those skilled in the art.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, colorants in solid formulations; solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, isotonic agents, buffers in liquid formulations. Agents, soothing agents, etc. are used. Moreover, formulation additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, stabilizers and the like can be used as necessary.
- a tablet is prepared by a conventional method. Coated tablets, granules, powders, capsules and the like can be produced.
- an oral solution, syrup, elixir and the like can be produced by adding a flavoring agent, a buffer, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent and the like to the compound of the present invention by conventional methods.
- a pH adjuster, buffer, stabilizer, isotonic agent, local anesthetic, etc. are added to the compound of the present invention, and subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections are prepared by conventional methods. Can be manufactured.
- a suppository When preparing a suppository, it can be produced by a conventional method after adding a pharmaceutical carrier known in the art, for example, polyethylene glycol, lanolin, cocoa butter, fatty acid triglyceride and the like, to the compound of the present invention.
- a pharmaceutical carrier known in the art, for example, polyethylene glycol, lanolin, cocoa butter, fatty acid triglyceride and the like, to the compound of the present invention.
- bases, stabilizers, wetting agents, preservatives and the like that are usually used for the compound of the present invention are blended as necessary, and mixed and formulated by a conventional method.
- the ointment, cream, gel, paste or the like may be applied to a normal support by a conventional method.
- the content of the compound of the present invention in each of the above preparations is not constant depending on the symptoms of the patient, its dosage form, etc., but generally about 0.05 to 1000 mg for oral preparations, about 0.01 to 500 mg for injections, The dosage is about 1-1000 mg.
- the daily dose of these preparations varies depending on the patient's symptoms, body weight, age, sex, etc., but cannot be determined unconditionally, but is usually about 0.05 to 5000 mg per day for an adult (body weight 60 kg).
- the dose is preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg, and is preferably administered once a day or divided into 2 to 3 times a day.
- Diseases that can be treated by administering a pharmaceutical containing the compound of the present invention include malignant tumors, such as head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder / bile duct cancer, pancreas Cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, testicular tumor, bone / soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, skin cancer, brain tumor, etc. Can be mentioned.
- malignant tumors such as head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder / bile duct cancer, pancreas Cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, testicular tumor, bone / soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia, malignant lymph
- PPM1D430 As shown in Examples below, the present inventor has identified the presence of an alternative splicing variant PPM1D430 consisting of 430 residues in human PPM1D at the mRNA and protein levels, and PPM1D430 is specifically expressed in leukocytes and testis.
- Figure 1 PPM1D605 is conventionally displayed as PPM1D, and is displayed here as PPM1D605 in order to avoid confusion with PPM1D430, which is a new isoform.
- PPM1D-deficient mice attenuation of the immune response of B cells and T cells to antigen stimulation is observed (Non-patent Document 2).
- PPM1D inhibitors are useful as immunosuppressants, and the compounds of the present invention are useful in organ transplantation and the like. It is also useful as an immunosuppressant. Furthermore, since it is known that PPM1D activates estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and the like (J. Biol. Chem., 281, 7089-7101, (2005)), the compound of the present invention is used as an antihormonal agent. Is also useful.
- Lactone (1.0 g, 1.88 mmol) (Miyashita, M. et al. Science 2004, 305, 495.) was placed in a 100 mL two-necked eggplant-shaped flask, purged with argon, and then dry toluene (18 mL) was added. After cooling to -78 ° C, diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.01 M toluene solution, 1.86 mL, 1.88 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at -78 ° C for 2 hr. Ethyl acetate was slowly added at -78 ° C to stop the reaction.
- Lactone (6.3 mg, 11.7 ⁇ mol) (Miyashita, M. et al. Science 2004, 305, 495.) was placed in a 5 mL test tube, purged with argon, dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (0.1 mL), and cooled to 0 ° C.
- Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0 M tetrahydrofuran solution, 23.5 ⁇ L, 23.5 ⁇ mol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
- Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0 M tetrahydrofuran solution, 8 ⁇ L, 8 ⁇ mol) was added, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours.
- solution A a tetrahydrofuran solution (16 mL) of ethyl diethylphosphonoacetate (6.3 mL, 31.7 mmol) at 0 ° C. and stirred (hereinafter referred to as solution A).
- Solution A was added to a tetrahydrofuran solution of the obtained aldehyde (10.6 mmol) at 0 ° C.
- a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added to stop the reaction.
- the obtained mesylate (6.36 mmol) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane (30 mL) -phosphate buffer solution (pH 7, 10 mL), and then 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (5.11 g, 22.5 mmol) was added. added. After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the reaction was stopped by adding saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. It was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The crude product alcohol was used as such in the next reaction.
- solution A a tetrahydrofuran solution (10 mL) of ethyl diethylphosphonoacetate (3.8 mL, 19.1 mmol) at 0 ° C. and stirred (hereinafter referred to as solution A).
- Solution A was added to a tetrahydrofuran solution of the obtained aldehyde (4.78 mmol) at 0 ° C.
- a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added to stop the reaction.
- the organic layer was washed with saturated brine and then with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Recrystallization from hexane-ethanol gave compound 8A. Yield 56%.
- the obtained compound 8A contained about 5% raw material and about 5% dimethylated product.
- the obtained cyclized product (21.8 mmol) was placed in a flask, purged with argon, and then dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (33 mL). After cooling to 0 ° C., 70% hydrogen fluoride-pyridine (4.4 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to stop the reaction. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine. The solvent was removed after drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
- the crude product was recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to obtain an exo form (4.4 g, 51% for 2steps) as colorless crystals.
- the mother liquor was concentrated and recrystallized from hexane-ethyl acetate to obtain Compound 9 as colorless crystals.
- Test example 1 The PPM1D inhibitory activity of the compound (1) of the present invention was measured.
- PPM1D protein (Protein ID: O15297 / cDNA ID: U70385) was obtained by introducing cDNA encoding the catalytic domain (positions 1 to 420) into a pColdI vector (TaKaRa) and expressing it using Escherichia coli as a His tag fusion protein. . Purification was performed by metal affinity chromatography using BD-TALON resin (CLONTECH), and elution buffer (150 mM imidazole, PBS (pH 7.5), 500 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 0.2% ethanol, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol). ) was used to elute the target protein.
- the eluted PPM1D protein was dialyzed against dialysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 mM EGTA, 0.02% 2-mercaptoethanol) for 16 hours, and then 50% glycerol stock (enzyme concentration: 1 ⁇ M). ) At ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the enzyme expressed and purified by the above method was used.
- a substrate a peptide containing 15-position phosphorylated Ser of p53 chemically synthesized by Fmoc solid phase method (Ac-Val-Glu-Pro-Pro-Leu-Ser (P) -Gln-Glu-Thr-Phe-Ser-- Asp-Leu-Trp-NH 2 : Ser (P) indicates phosphorylated Ser).
- the purified p53 phosphopeptide was dissolved in H 2 O to prepare a 400 ⁇ M substrate stock solution.
- test compound (inhibitor) of Example 1 was previously dissolved in ethanol (EtOH) at a concentration of 40 mM, and then diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare a 4 mM inhibitor stock solution.
- Other inhibitors were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and adjusted to a 4 mM inhibitor stock solution.
- 30 ⁇ L of inhibitor / substrate mixed solution (66.7 ⁇ M phosphorylated peptide substrate, 66.7 ⁇ M inhibitor, 1.7% DMSO (1.5% DMSO, 0.2% EtOH in Example 1), 13 mM Tris -HCl (pH 8.0)) was kept at 30 ° C., and 20 ⁇ L of a mixture of enzyme and metal ions at 4 ° C.
- Test example 2 The PPM1D inhibitory activity was measured, and the selectivity of the PPM1D inhibitory activity of the compound (1) of the present invention was examined.
- Table 2 shows the results of the compound [Compound 1] of Example 1
- Table 3 shows the results of the compound [Compound 1] of Example 1 and the compound [Compound 2] of Example 5.
- the substrate for PPM1A is a p38 phosphorylated peptide analog (Ac-Asp-Asp-Glu-Nle-Thr (P) -Gly-Tyr (P) -Val-Ala-Thr-Arg-NH 2 : Thr (P) is phosphorylated) Thr and Tyr (P) were phosphorylated Tyr, and Nle was Norleucine).
- PP2A Protein ID: P67775 / cDNA ID: X12649
- PP2A was purchased from Promega.
- the substrate for PP2A is a p38 phosphorylated peptide analog (Ac-Thr-Asp-Asp-Glu-Met-Thr (P) -Gly-Tyr-Val-Ala-Thr-NH 2 : Thr (P) represents phosphorylated Thr ) was used.
- the inhibitory activity of PPM1A, PP2A and PPM1D at each inhibitor final concentration (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 4, 10, 40 ⁇ M) was measured three times for each concentration, The inhibitor concentration (IC 50 value) that inhibits enzyme activity by 50% was determined.
- the inhibitor solution was diluted with a solvent (DMSO, (90% DMSO, 10% EtOH when the test compound of Example 1 was used)) to prepare inhibitor solutions of various concentrations. Other conditions in the enzyme activity measurement are the same as in Test Example 1.
- the inhibition constant (Ki) and inhibition mode of the inhibitor were measured as follows.
- an enzyme expressed and purified by the method shown in Test Example 1 was used.
- a 15-phosphorylated peptide analog of p53 (Ac-Val-Glu-Pro-Pro-Leu-Ser (P) -Gln-Glu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Asp-Leu-Trp-NH 2 : Ser (P) indicates phosphorylated Ser).
- the PPM1D activity at each phosphorylated peptide substrate concentration and inhibitory concentration was measured with 4, 1, 2 ⁇ M (the compound of Example 5 [compound 2]), and 50 ⁇ L of BIOMOL GREEN reagent (Biomol) was added to the reaction solution. The reaction was stopped, and phosphoric acid released by PPM1D was detected by measuring the absorbance at 620 nm after 30 minutes. From these results, Ki ( ⁇ M) was calculated.
- Test example 3 The tumor suppressor protein p53 is activated and stabilized by DNA damage, and induces the expression of many proteins involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, thereby preventing the canceration of cells. It has been reported that p53 is activated by phosphorylation, and in particular, phosphorylation of Ser at position 15 plays an important role in the activation and stabilization of p53. PPM1D is known to dephosphorylate the phosphorylated Ser at position 15 of p53.
- Example 1 Compound 1
- Compound 2 Compound 2
- MCF7 cells breast cancer-derived cells, PPM1D overexpression
- Method 1 MCF7 cells were stimulated with ADR (Adriamycin: aka Doxorubicin), the compound of Example 1 [Compound 1] (10 ⁇ M) was added, and the phosphorylation of Ser. 15 of p53 after 12 h was observed. PPM1D inhibitory activity was measured.
- a test without ADR stimulation was carried out in the same manner as ( ⁇ ).
- P53 was concentrated with IP using FL393, an anti-p53 polyclonal antibody, and p53 15-position phosphorylated Ser was detected by Western blotting.
- Method 2 MCF7 cells were irradiated with UV (15 J / m 2 ), the compound of Example 1 [Compound 1] or the compound of Example 5 [Compound 2] (10 ⁇ M) was added, and phosphorylation of Ser. By observing, the PPM1D inhibitory activity of the compound of Example 1 [Compound 1] or the compound of Example 5 [Compound 2] was measured. Changes in the amount of phosphorylated Ser at p53 of p53 were detected by Western blotting. An anti-phosphorylated p53 (Ser15) mouse monoclonal antibody 16-G8 (Cell Signaling) was used as the primary antibody, and an anti-mouse IgG-HRP antibody (GE Healthcare Bioscience) was used as the secondary antibody. As a control, a sample without UV stimulation was used in the same manner as ( ⁇ ). p53 15-position phosphorylated Ser was detected in the same manner as in Method 1 above.
- Test example 4 The effect of the compound (1) of the present invention on cancer cells was confirmed.
- the cells were washed twice with 5 ml of PBS (8.1 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.68 mM KCl, 1.47 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 137 mM NaCl, pH 7.5), and a 0.25% Trypsin / EDTA solution ( Cells were collected using GIBCO), and after adding trypan blue, the number of cells was measured using a hemocytometer.
- PBS 8.1 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.68 mM KCl, 1.47 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 137 mM NaCl, pH 7.5
- Trypsin / EDTA solution Cells were collected using GIBCO
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Abstract
Description
このように、プロテインホスファターゼの一部、例えばPPM1Dは発がんその他において重要な役割をしているにもかかわらず、その機能や阻害剤についてはほとんど明らかにされていない。
Nat. Genet., 31, 210-215, 2002 Mol. Cell. Biol., 22, 1094-1105, 2002
で表されるケイ素化合物又はその塩を有効成分とするプロテインホスファターゼ阻害剤を提供するものである。
また、本願発明は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物又はその塩の、医薬の製造のための使用を提供するものである。
また、本願発明は、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物又はその塩を投与する、悪性腫瘍の治療方法を提供するものである。
R6は水素原子を示すか、R8のヒドロキシ基と一緒になって-O-(エーテル結合)を形成してもよく;
R7は水素原子を示し、R8はヒドロキシ基を示すか、R7とR8が一緒になってオキソ基(=O)を形成してもよい。)
式中、脱離基Zとしては、特に制限されないが、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、スルホン酸基、アルキルスルホン酸基、アリールスルホン酸基又は過塩素酸基等が挙げられる。塩基としては、トリアルキルアミン、ジアルキルアリールアミン、水素化ナトリウム、メチルリチウム、又はn-ブチルリチウム等が挙げられる。Mは金属イオン、望ましくは、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又はマグネシウム等のアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属を示す。
さらにまた、本発明化合物(1)は、低分子化合物であることから、免疫原性がなく、かつ経口投与も可能であることから、安全性及びコンプライアンス上も、ヒトを含む哺乳類に対する医薬として有用である。
また、これらの製剤の1日あたりの投与量は、患者の症状、体重、年齢、性別等によって異なり一概には決定できないが、通常成人(体重60kg)1日あたり約0.05~5000mg程度であり、0.1~1000mgが好ましく、これを1日1回又は2~3回程度に分けて投与するのが好ましい。
なお、図1中、PPM1D605は従来PPM1Dと表示されていたものであり、新規アイソフォームであるPPM1D430との混同を避けるため、ここではPPM1D605と表示する。PPM1D欠損マウスでは抗原刺激に対するB細胞及びT細胞の免疫応答の減衰が観察されることから(非特許文献2)、PPM1D阻害剤は免疫抑制剤として有用であり、本発明化合物は臓器移植などにおける免疫抑制剤としても有用である。
さらにPPM1Dはエストロゲン受容体やプロゲステロン受容体などを活性化することが知られていることから(J.Biol.Chem., 281,7089-7101, (2005))、本発明化合物は抗ホルモン薬としても有用である。
無色油状物:1H-NMR(500MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.00-1.15(21H, m), 1.68-1.81(2H, m), 2.28-2.40(2H, m), 3.73-3.78(2H, m), 4.24(2H, dt, J=5.2, 2.3Hz).
本発明化合物(1)のPPM1D阻害活性を測定した。
PPM1Dタンパク質(Protein ID:O15297/cDNA ID:U70385)は触媒ドメイン(1位から420位)をコードしたcDNAをpColdI ベクター(TaKaRa社)に導入し、Hisタグ融合タンパク質として大腸菌を用いて発現させた。精製はBD-TALON樹脂(CLONTECH社)を用いた金属アフィニティークロマトグラフィーによって行い、溶出バッファー(150mM Imidazole, PBS(pH7.5), 500mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 0.2% ethanol, 1mM 2-mercaptoethanol)を用いて目的タンパク質の溶出を行った。溶出されたPPM1Dタンパク質は透析バッファー(50mM Tris-HCl(pH7.5), 0.1mM EGTA, 0.02% 2-mercaptoethanol)に対して16時間透析した後、50%グリセロールストック(酵素濃度1 μM)として-80℃で保存した。
得られた結果を表1に示す。
PPM1D阻害活性を測定し、本発明化合物(1)のPPM1D阻害活性の選択性を検討した。表2に実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕の結果、表3に実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕及び実施例5の化合物〔化合物2〕の結果を示す。
阻害剤の酵素選択性を解析するため、PPM1Dと同じPPM1ファミリーに属するPPM1Aへの阻害効果を解析し、PPM1Dに対する阻害効果と比較した。PPM1A(Protein ID:P35813/cDNA ID:S87759)の全長(382残基)をコードしたcDNAをpColdIベクターに導入し、PPM1Dと同様にして大腸菌の系を用いて発現・精製した。精製したPPM1A 16 nMに対して阻害活性測定を行った。PPM1Aに対する基質はp38リン酸化ペプチドアナログ(Ac-Asp-Asp-Glu-Nle-Thr(P)-Gly-Tyr(P)-Val-Ala-Thr-Arg-NH2:Thr(P)はリン酸化Thr、Tyr(P)はリン酸化Tyr、NleはNorleucineを示す)を用いた。
阻害剤と基質の混合溶液30μL(66.7μM リン酸化ペプチド基質、各濃度阻害剤、1.7% DMSO(実施例1の被験化合物の場合は1.5% DMSO、0.2% EtOH)、13mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0))を30℃で保温し、4℃の酵素と金属イオンの混合液20μL(40nM PPM1A, 125mM Tris-HCl(pH7.5), 0.25mM EGTA, 0.05% 2-mercaptoethanol, 25mM MnCl2)を加え、30℃で10分間インキュベートすることによりPPM1Aに対する阻害活性を測定した。
また、Ser/Thrホスファターゼファミリー間における阻害剤の酵素選択性を解析するため、PPPファミリーに属するPP2A(Protein ID:P67775/cDNA ID:X12649)への阻害効果を解析した。PP2AはPromega社より購入した。PP2Aに対する基質はp38リン酸化ペプチドアナログ(Ac-Thr-Asp-Asp-Glu-Met-Thr(P)-Gly-Tyr-Val-Ala-Thr-NH2:Thr(P)はリン酸化Thrを示す)を用いた。阻害剤と基質の混合溶液30μL(333.3μM リン酸化ペプチド基質、各濃度阻害剤、1.7%DMSO(実施例1の場合は1.5% DMSO、0.2% EtOH)、13mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0))を30℃で保温し、4℃の酵素と金属イオンの混合液20μL(25mU PP2A, 125mM Tris-HCl(pH7.5), 0.25mM EGTA, 0.05% 2-mercaptoethanol, 75mM MgCl2)を加え、30℃で10分間インキュベートすることによりPP2Aに対する阻害活性を測定した。
各阻害剤最終濃度(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 4, 10, 40μM)におけるPPM1A、PP2A、PPM1Dの阻害活性を各濃度に対して3回測定し、酵素活性を50%阻害する阻害剤濃度(IC50値)を決定した。
阻害剤原溶液は溶媒(DMSO、(実施例1の被験化合物を用いた場合は90% DMSO、10% EtOH))で希釈し、各濃度の阻害剤溶液を調製した。
酵素活性測定における他の条件は試験例1と同様である。
PPM1DおよびPPM1A、PP2Aに対する阻害剤のIC50値を比較することにより阻害剤の酵素選択性を解析した。
PPM1Dに対する化合物の阻害定数および阻害形式について解析する際、試験例1に示す方法で発現・精製した酵素を用いた。また、基質にはp53の15位リン酸化ペプチドアナログ(Ac-Val-Glu-Pro-Pro-Leu-Ser(P)-Gln-Glu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Asp-Leu-Trp-NH2:Ser(P)はリン酸化Serを示す)を用いた。阻害剤と基質の混合溶液30 μL(各濃度リン酸化ペプチド基質、各濃度阻害剤、1.7% DMSO(実施例1の場合は1.5% DMSO、0.2% EtOH)、13mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0))を30℃で保温し、4℃の酵素と金属イオンの混合液20μL(10nM PPM1D, 125mM Tris-HCl(pH7.5), 0.25mM EGTA, 0.05% 2-mercaptoethanol, 75mM MgCl2)を加え、30℃で10分間インキュベートすることによりPPM1Dに対する阻害活性を測定した。
各リン酸化ペプチド基質濃度(5, 10, 20, 40μM)、各阻害剤最終濃度(0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6μM(実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕)または0, 0.4, 1, 2μM(実施例5の化合物〔化合物2〕)で各リン酸化ペプチド基質濃度、阻害濃度におけるPPM1D活性を測定した。BIOMOL GREEN試薬(Biomol社)50μLを反応液に加えることにより酵素反応を停止し、30分後に620 nmの吸光度を測定することでPPM1Dによって遊離したリン酸を検出した。
これらの結果から、Ki(μM)を算出した。
本発明化合物のPPM1D選択性評価について、実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕を用いて行った結果、PPM1Dに対するIC50値:0.43±0.04μM、PPM1Aに対するIC50値:21±1.7μMであった。
更に、実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕及び実施例5の化合物〔化合物2〕を用いて行った結果を表2に示す。
このように、本発明化合物のPPM1D阻害活性は、極めて選択性が高かった。
癌抑制タンパク質p53はDNAダメージによって活性化、安定化し、細胞周期停止やアポトーシスに関与する多数のタンパク質の発現を誘導することで、細胞の癌化を防いでいる。p53はリン酸化によって活性化し、特に15位Serのリン酸化はp53の活性化、安定化に重要な役割を果たしていることが報告されている。
PPM1Dはp53の15位リン酸化Serを脱リン酸化することが知られており、スクリーニングの結果得られたPPM1D阻害剤の中で、実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕又は実施例5の化合物〔化合物2〕を、MCF7細胞(乳癌由来の細胞、PPM1D過剰発現)に添加し、細胞内における阻害剤の効果を測定した。
MCF7細胞をADR(Adriamycin:別名Doxorubicin)刺激し、実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕(10μM)を加え、12h後のp53の15位Serのリン酸化を観察することで、細胞内における化合物1のPPM1D阻害活性を測定した。なお、コントロールとしてADR刺激をしないものを(-)として同様に行った。
抗p53ポリクローナル抗体であるFL393を用いたIPでp53の濃縮を行い、p53 15位リン酸化SerをWestern Blottingにより検出した。
(方法2)
MCF7細胞にUV照射し(15J/m2)、実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕又は実施例5の化合物〔化合物2〕(10μM)を加え、24h後のp53の15位Serのリン酸化を観察することで、細胞内における実施例1の化合物〔化合物1〕又は実施例5の化合物〔化合物2〕のPPM1D阻害活性を測定した。p53の15位リン酸化Ser量の変化はWestern Blottingにより検出した。1次抗体として抗リン酸化p53(Ser15)マウスモノクノーナル抗体16-G8(Cell Signaling社)を用い、2次抗体として抗マウスIgG-HRP抗体(GE ヘルスケア バイオサイエンス社)を用いた。なお、コントロールとしてUV刺激をしないものを(-)として同様に行った。p53 15位リン酸化Serを上記方法1と同様にして検出した。
本発明化合物(1)を加えることでリン酸化p53の大きな増加が見られ、p53の活性化が示された(図2及び3)。
本発明化合物(1)のがん細胞に対する効果を確認した。
1.1×105個の乳がん由来MCF7細胞(ATCCから購入)を、DMEM培地(10%FBS, 2mM Glutamine, 100nM penicillin/streptomycin)を用いて、5% CO2,37℃条件下で10cm dishにて18時間培養した後に、PPM1D阻害剤(化合物1:40μM,0.06% DMSO,0.12% EtOH/Mock:0.06% DMSO,0.12% EtOH)を添加した。阻害剤添加72時間後にBIOREVO BZ-8000(キーエンス社)を用いて細胞の透過像を観察した。その後、5mlのPBS(8.1mM Na2HPO4,2.68mM KCl,1.47mM KH2PO4,137mM NaCl,pH7.5)で2回細胞を洗い、0.25% Trypsin/EDTA溶液(GIBCO社)を用いて細胞を回収し、トリパンブルーを加えた後にヘモサイトメーターを用いて細胞数を測定した。
本発明化合物(1)は、がん細胞の増殖抑制作用を有することが示された(図4及び5)。
Claims (15)
- Xが、炭素数3~24の直鎖、分岐鎖もしくは環状の炭化水素基(当該炭化水素基には、ヒドロキシ基、ニトリル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、置換スルホニル基、ハロゲン原子、トリ置換シリル基及びトリ置換シリルオキシ基から選ばれる1~4個の置換基を有していてもよい)、又は窒素原子もしくは又は酸素原子を含む5もしくは6員の複素環式基(当該複素環には、アリール基、アラルキル基、アルキル基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、アルケニルアミノ基、アシルオキシ基及びアラルキルオキシ基から選ばれる1~5個の置換基を有していてもよい)である請求項1記載のプロテインホスファターゼ阻害剤。
- PPM1D阻害剤である請求項1記載のプロテインホスファターゼ阻害剤。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載のケイ素化合物又はその塩を含有する医薬。
- 悪性腫瘍治療薬である請求項5記載の医薬。
- Xが、炭素数3~24の直鎖、分岐鎖もしくは環状の炭化水素基(当該炭化水素基には、ヒドロキシ基、ニトリル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、置換スルホニル基、ハロゲン原子、トリ置換シリル基及びトリ置換シリルオキシ基から選ばれる1~4個の置換基を有していてもよい)、又は窒素原子もしくは又は酸素原子を含む5もしくは6員の複素環式基(当該複素環には、アリール基、アラルキル基、アルキル基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、アルケニルアミノ基、アシルオキシ基及びアラルキルオキシ基から選ばれる1~5個の置換基を有していてもよい)である請求項7記載の使用。
- PPM1D阻害剤である請求項7記載の使用。
- 請求項4、7及び8のいずれか1項記載のケイ素化合物又はその塩の、医薬製造のための使用。
- 悪性腫瘍治療薬である請求項9記載の使用。
- Xが、炭素数3~24の直鎖、分岐鎖もしくは環状の炭化水素基(当該炭化水素基には、ヒドロキシ基、ニトリル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、置換スルホニル基、ハロゲン原子、トリ置換シリル基及びトリ置換シリルオキシ基から選ばれる1~4個の置換基を有していてもよい)、又は窒素原子もしくは又は酸素原子を含む5もしくは6員の複素環式基(当該複素環には、アリール基、アラルキル基、アルキル基、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、アルケニルアミノ基、アシルオキシ基及びアラルキルオキシ基から選ばれる1~5個の置換基を有していてもよい)である請求項12記載の方法。
- PPM1D阻害剤である請求項12記載の方法。
- 請求項4、12及び13のいずれか1項記載のケイ素化合物又はその塩を投与する、悪性腫瘍治療方法。
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| US13/123,166 US8759323B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2009-10-02 | Protein phosphatase inhibitor |
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| EP3426804A4 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2020-03-25 | The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc. | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY RESISTANT CANCER |
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|---|---|
| US8759323B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
| EP2351571A4 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| CN102209547A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
| US20110288050A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| JP5451628B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
| JPWO2010041401A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
| EP2351571A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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