WO2009136810A1 - Precast waterproof tunnel lining and an annular element therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to constructing underground tunnels, in particular for building manifold tunnels and tunnels of different diameters in flooded medium, for example, for faecal and rain water drainage systems. The precast tunnel lining consists of ring-shaped elements comprising reinforced concrete blocks (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), each of which has different shape in plane view and is provided along the perimeter thereof with two seals on the front, lateral and rear end faces, wherein one of the blocks is used as a keyblock. All of the blocks (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) have a waterproof protective lining (18) on the inner surface thereof and are reinforced with longitudinal (21, 23) and transversal elements which form a second reinforcing layer on the surface where the lining (18) is joined to the block concrete, a first reinforcing three-dimensional framework in the block bodies and a third reinforcing element (8a, 8c) placed on an insert for slinging operations. Furthermore, the blocks in the ring are interconnected by means of jointing devices (21, 21a, 21b), the annular elements are interconnected by the front (9) and rear (10) end faces thereof with the aid of front (11) and rear (12) jointing devices and the block joints in each ring are shifted, with respect to the block joints in the other ring, at and angle of 360/n, wherein n is the number of the front (11) and rear (12) jointing devices.

Description

 Prefabricated waterproof tunnel lining and ring element for it

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction of underground tunnels, in particular, the construction of collector tunnels and tunnels of various diameters in a flooded environment, for example, for fecal and rain sewers.

State of the art

Various methods are known for creating rigid structures for tunnel shells, in particular, for lining a tunnel of prefabricated elements of various designs fastened together to form a tunnel profile.

A lining of a tunnel of prefabricated elements is known, consisting of wall, castle and spoon blocks with curved ends, one of which is convex, and having screens and partitions interconnected by means of connecting nodes, and the ends of the blocks on the other hand are made flat (SU, 1252499 , Al).

Known prefabricated lining of a tunnel made of armopolymer-concrete blocks, including reinforced wall blocks with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement made in the form of an annular spiral, locking and tray elements, while the locking element is made sliding two-section and step, and the ratio of the height of the step to the height of the castle block is 1/3, and in the locking element after installing its two sections, the fixing position of the lining sections is installed (SU, 1209884, A).

Known tunnel segment, characterized by an annular shape and an extended axis, containing many tubing, forming the number of annular sections mounted side by side along the longitudinal axis, with each tubing includes an extended channel, the first and second annular rectilinear channels, and at least one An anchor element mounted in a first annular channel (US, 4,552,773, B).

However, in the above solutions, the design of the tunnel lining does not provide its water resistance. In addition, the installation of lining is significantly complicated, which entails an increase in the construction time. Known is a sealant-coated concrete segment for forming a tunnel by joining a plurality of segments containing a segment body, including a base plate for covering at least one surface of a segment constituting either the outer or inner surface of the tunnel, and a sealant as a coating in which the anchors are installed in segment body and sealant material (WO 98/16721). In this case, ring structures are formed for the device of the tunnel from segments having the plan of the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, and the segments are placed in the ring in series, connecting alternately the sides of the trapezoid.

A concrete segment is known having a sheet bonded with it, a plastic coating, staggered plastic anchors, monolithic in the concrete of the segment, and having recesses for filling the sealant at the segment edges adjacent to the coating (JP, 2000145394, A).

Known prefabricated lining for the tunnel, containing bearing rings bonded to each other, each bearing ring is composed of separate reinforced concrete segments mated with each other, on the inner surface of each segment is installed a waterproof screen made of steiofibroconcrete, at the joints of the reinforced concrete segments at the ends of the waterproof screen embossing grooves filled with elastic sealed material and embossed with a quick-sealing mixture, or at the indicated ends of the waterproof screen Recesses filled with water-swellable sealant have been caught to form a continuous waterproof contour around the perimeter of the ring (RU, 52926, Ul).

Closest to the claimed technical solution is the known concrete block for the installation of a tunnel, with a convex outer surface and an opposing inner surface, made with a protective layer previously placed on the inner surface, monolithic together with concrete and covering the inner surface of the block after its dismantling (WO 2005024183). In this case, the inner surface and the outer surface are connected by the ends, the longitudinal surfaces of the ends allow you to combine several blocks together in a ring, and the front surfaces of the ends allow you to combine the blocks in the axial direction, for example, using the keys installed in them, and in the block there is a built-in seal located on the front and longitudinal surfaces of the ends, when connecting the blocks tightly covering the joints of the protective layer. Moreover, in the concrete block there is an opening for injecting mortar into the cavity between the blocks and the tunnel wall.

However, the above technical solutions of the prefabricated tunnel lining have several disadvantages:

1. Prefabricated tunnels for tunnels that use blocks with cylindrical joints in the annular element, and between tooth-groove joints between rings, have the property of deforming the surfaces of the joints of the blocks during assembly, which does not provide waterproofing of the lining.

2. Prefabricated lining of tunnels with rigid bolt fastening of blocks in the ring and between the rings require significant technological costs for reinforcing the blocks, which complicates the installation of the lining and increases the construction time.

3. In prefabricated tunnels lining using a coating of the inner surface of the finished blocks with sealants or sheet plastic, reliable adhesion of the coating to the concrete of the block is not ensured, which leads to delamination of the insulation and water resistance during operation. Chasing joints of blocks leads to additional costs.

Disclosure of invention

The aim of the present invention is to develop a prefabricated waterproof tunnel lining of a closed profile, providing the perception of loads in the construction and operational period and at the same time possessing the desired strength, stability and durability under constant loads and long-term effects of flooded environment. Moreover, the technical solution of the prefabricated lining should provide the possibility of mechanization and industrialization of construction and repair work and the cost-effectiveness of its construction.

When creating the invention, the task was to develop a high-precision and waterproof lining of the tunnel for sewer and drainage collectors, providing:

- high strength lining;

- minimum tolerances in the manufacture of lining blocks;

- minimal deformation at the joints of the lining; - waterproof lining at a groundwater level of up to 10 m above the tunnel sheath;

- high adhesion of waterproof protective coatings to concrete blocks;

- the possibility of injecting a bentonite solution behind the lining of the tunnel using reliably repeatedly attached to the lining of technological equipment;

- minimal additional work during the installation of lining blocks, and at the same time allowing tunneling along a rectilinear and curvilinear generatrix with a radius of at least 300 m, as well as providing the smallest area of the area of the joints of blocks in the lining by distributing the joints of blocks of different ring elements across the lining array.

The problem was solved by creating an annular element of a prefabricated tunnel lining, according to the invention, containing interconnected blocks, each of which is made of concrete and has a convex outer surface and an opposing inner surface with a protective waterproof lining placed on the inner surface, firmly connected to the concrete mass, and at the same time in each block:

- the outer surface is connected to the inner surface of the front, rear and side ends;

- the front and rear ends are equipped with the first docking devices, providing the connection of adjacent annular elements in the tunnel in the axial direction; the side ends are equipped with second docking devices, providing the connection of adjacent blocks to each other during the formation of the ring; and there is:

- the seal attached to the block is placed around the perimeter of the block at the indicated front, rear and side ends,

- a threaded hole is adapted to sling the block and configured to communicate the inner surface of the block with its outer surface, characterized in that:

- waterproof protective lining is made in the form of a mortgage sheet of a waterproof material pre-equipped with fixed to the sheet reinforcing elements and a block monolithic in concrete during its manufacture;

- at the rear and front ends of each block, protruding contact planes are provided, provided with first docking devices uniformly distributed around the circumference of the annular element;

- each block contains compensating gaskets on the protruding contact plane of the rear end;

- these seals are placed near the outer and near the inner surfaces of each block;

- a protective lining covers the inner surface of the block with the formation on the front, rear and side ends of the block of grooves around the perimeter of the protective lining, adapted to accommodate these seals; and each block contains:

- the first reinforcing elements forming a rigid spatial framework having concentric equidistant curvilinear layers interconnected in a radial direction distributed along the block height, each of which is formed by reinforcing elements placed in a shared and transverse direction, interconnected in a layer;

- second reinforcing elements, forming a second reinforcing layer, equidistant to the inner surface of the blocks, one part of which is placed in height in the specified protective lining, and the other part is placed inside the specified spatial frame;

- third reinforcing elements forming a reinforcing frame of the specified holes, placed inside the specified spatial frame.

Moreover, according to the invention, it is advisable that the front and rear docking devices were made in equal numbers on the rear and front ends of each block opposite each other and at the same time were placed on the front and, accordingly, on the rear ends of the annular element around the circle in increments between them equal to 360 / n degrees, where n is the number of front or rear docking devices on one side of the annular element. Moreover, according to the invention, it is possible that the second reinforcing elements of the lower reinforcing layer are in the form of z-shaped rails placed on the sheet of the embedded protective lining, with the lower bar pre-fixed on the outer surface of the embedded protective lining.

In addition, according to the invention, it is possible that the second reinforcing elements of the lower reinforcing layer were made of metal, were placed at a distance from each other and had the form of erect crutches with a horizontal support bar previously fixed on the outer surface of the embedded sheet of the protective lining.

Moreover, according to the invention, it is desirable that the waterproof protective lining was made in the form of a embedded sheet of waterproof material, additionally containing an intermediate reinforcing layer made of material particles with a developed outer surface fixed to the sheet.

Moreover, according to the invention, it is advisable that the intermediate reinforcing layer was made of crushed granite with a particle size of 2-5 mm

Moreover, according to the invention, it is advisable that the annular element was made by connecting these blocks having a different spatial configuration and including:

- a base unit having in plan a configuration of an inverted isosceles trapezoid,

- castle block, having in plan a configuration of an isosceles trapezoid;

- the right and left near-base blocks having a parallelogram configuration in plan and adjacent one of the side ends to the side end of the specified base unit, respectively, on the right or left side,

- the right and left circumcircuit blocks having a parallelogram configuration in plan and adjacent one of the side ends to the side end, respectively, of the indicated right or left circumbase block, respectively, on the right or left side, and the other side end to, respectively, the left or right side end of the lock block.

Moreover, according to the invention, it is desirable that the side ends of the base unit and the first side ends of the near base units mating with them in the ring, and also, the second lateral ends of the near-base blocks and the lateral ends of the circum-castle blocks mating with them in the ring were perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the blocks.

In addition, according to the invention, it is desirable that the lateral ends of the right and left circumlock blocks and the lateral ends of the lock block mating with them lie on adjacent faces of a straight trihedral prism, the longitudinal axis of which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ring element.

The task was also solved by the development of a prefabricated tunnel lining, according to the invention, containing interconnected pre-formed ring elements, each of which contains interconnected reinforced concrete blocks having a waterproof waterproof lining on the inner surface of each block, the edges of which are placed in grooves on the front, rear and lateral ends of reinforced concrete blocks, and characterized in that it contains previously formed annular elements described above to the invention.

Moreover, according to the invention, it is advisable that in the assembly lining at the rear end of each subsequent annular element, the joints of the base unit, the right and left near base units, the right and left side lock blocks and the lock block be shifted around the circumference by an angle of 360 / n degrees, where - the number of first docking devices on one side of the annular element.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the description of various embodiments of the invention and the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. L is a prefabricated lining of a tunnel according to the invention, containing ring elements according to the invention, a section C-C (Figure 2);

Figure 2 is an annular element of a precast lining according to the invention, front view A (Figure l),

Fig. 3 is an annular element of a precast lining according to the invention, rear view B (Fig. 1);

Figure 4 - diagram of the docking of the ring elements according to the invention with each other, one ring element is open at the junction of the lock block with the right near-castle block, another annular element open at the junction of the near-castle block with the near-base block, scan, plan view from above;

Figa, 5b is a top view of embedded reinforced sheets of waterproof linings for the base or castle blocks, embodiments, top view in plan;

Figa, 6b - the same for near-base or near-castle blocks, an embodiment, a top view in plan;

Figa, 7b - reinforced embedded lining 18, reinforcement options;

Fig. 8 is a side view of Z from the right to the base unit, to the lock unit, to the base unit, to the near-block unit;

Fig. 8a is a side view of Z ₁ from the left to the base unit, to the lock unit, to the base unit, to the near-block unit;

Fig.9 - the base unit of the annular element, embodiments, a longitudinal section along the D-D (Fig.9);

Figure 10 is the same, an embodiment, a front view F is aligned with the cut E-E (Figure 9);

Fig.l 1 is the same, an embodiment, a front view F is aligned with a section E ₁ -E ₁ (Fig.5);

Fig.12 is the same, rear view F ₁ (Fig.8);

Fig - lock block of the annular element according to the invention, embodiments, combined section MM (Figure 14) and section M ₁ -Mi (Figure 15);

Fig.14 is the same, embodiments, front view N (Fig.14) is combined with a section S-

S (Fig.13);

Fig - the same, an embodiment, a front view N is aligned with a section of Si-S ₁

(Fig.13);

Fig is the same, rear view N ₁ ;

Fig - the right near base unit of the annular element according to the invention, an embodiment, a top view combined with a section R-R (Fig);

Fig. 18 is the same, an embodiment, a front view P (Fig. 17) is combined with a Q-Q section

(Fig.17);

Fig. 19 is a rear view of a Pi;

Fig. 20 is a left circum-lock block of an annular element, an embodiment, a plan view is combined with a TT section (Fig. 21); Fig.21 is the same, an embodiment, a front view of U (Fig.20) is combined with a section VV

(Fig.20);

Fig.22 is the same, rear view of U ₁ (Fig.20);

Fig - base unit, blocks near base, blocks near castle, block castle according to the invention, embodiment, longitudinal section K-K (Fig.9,13.17);

Fig - the same, an embodiment, a longitudinal section Ki-K ₁ (Fig.9DZ, 20);

Specialists in the field of construction should be clear that the drawings and examples of the prefabricated waterproof lining according to the invention do not limit the implementation of the present invention and do not go beyond the scope of the claims.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

The prefabricated waterproof lining of the tunnel according to the invention can be implemented based on the assembly of the annular elements of the prefabricated tunnel lining according to the invention from individual blocks, as shown in the drawings.

Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 schematically show variants of a prefabricated lining 1 of a tunnel, made according to the invention by sequentially assembling annular elements 2 preassembled on a shield by sequentially connecting their ends to form a lining of a cylindrical profile. Moreover, according to the invention, the annular element 2 contains reinforced concrete blocks, the spatial configuration of which differs in the shape of the blocks and the shape of the joints between them.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the annular element 2 comprises: a base unit 3 made in plan in the form of an isosceles inverted trapezoid; right 4 and left 5 near-base blocks, made in plan in the form of parallelograms, tilted to the right or left; right 6 and left 7 near-castle blocks made in plan in the form of parallelograms; tilted left or right; castle block 8, made in plan in the form of an isosceles trapezoid. In this case, the blocks have the same thickness and the metal spatial reinforcing frame of the blocks. All blocks have a embedded part 8a, forming a block gripping device during its installation, which provides the ability to connect the inner surface of the blocks with their outer surfaces behind the lining for fastening technological equipment in it and for pumping grouting mortar behind the lining, followed by sealing the mass of grouting mortar behind the lining. Wherein it may be possible to open the internal cavity of the embedded part during installation of the prefabricated lining in the cavity of the tunnel husk.

Figure 4 shows the ring elements 2 and 2A, located opposite each other for subsequent connection with the ends one to the other. One ring element 2 is open at the junction of the lock block 8 with the right circumcircular block 6, the other ring element 2a is open at the junction of the right circumcircular block 7 with the left circumcase block 5.

At the front 9 and rear 10 ends of the annular element 2 and 2a, namely, at the ends of the blocks 3,4,5,6,7,8, docking devices are made comprising front docking devices 11 and rear docking devices 12 (Figure 2, 3,4), providing fixation and fastening of the ring elements to each other, for example, made in the form of keyed joints evenly distributed around the circumference of the ring element 2 or 2a.

In this case, the front 11 and rear 12 docking devices can be performed in various ways. For example, similarly to the known device for connecting two elements, such as concrete segments, together for a tunnel ring, including one sleeve for pressing into the first element with the open side of the sleeve on the outer surface of the first element, and a second sleeve for pressing into the second element with placement the open side of the sleeve on the outer surface of the second element, and a connecting pin with external ribs adapted to be placed simultaneously in the bushings of the first and second element (US, 5,549,416, A). Or, the docking devices 11 and 12 may be made by other methods known to the authors of the present invention. However, in the present invention, the insertion sleeves should be perpendicular to the front 9 and rear 10 ends of the ring element 2 and 2a and evenly located on the ends 9 and 10 of the ring element 2 and the ring element 2a (Figure 4).

According to the invention, in order to increase the rigidity of the precast lining during its installation from the ring elements according to the invention, the tunnel seams are ligated by shifting the joints of the blocks of one ring element, for example, element 2a, relative to the joints of the blocks of another ring element, for example, element 2, around the ring circumference by an angle of 360 / n, where n is the number of front docking devices 11 and rear docking devices 12 at the respective ends of the annular element 2 and the annular element 2A. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, the number of front docking devices 11 and, respectively, rear docking devices 12 in the ring element 2 or 2a is 12, therefore, the installation of the ring lining elements 2 and 2a between themselves and the subsequent ring elements in the prefabricated lining 1 is produced with a shift of 30 °.

Moreover, according to the invention, on the surface of the front end 9 and the rear end 10 of the blocks 3,4,5,6,7,8 of the annular elements 2 and 2a, protruding contact planes 13 and 14 are made (Figs. 2,3,4), respectively . On these protruding contact surfaces 14 of the rear ends 10, compensating gaskets 15 are fixed, providing load distribution from the pressure of the jacks of the shield during the installation of the ring elements.

On the lateral, front and rear ends of the blocks 3,4,5,6,7,8 (Fig. 2,3) around the perimeter of these blocks close to the upper outer surface and close to the lower inner surface of the blocks are sealed 16 and 17, respectively, made in the form of elastic, such as rubber, rings, for example, from the rubber sealing profile of the Fhöepih firm. When mounting the ring elements to one another, the seals 16 and 17 reliably provide water resistance both to the joints of the blocks between each other in each ring element 2 and 2a, and to the ring elements 2 and 2a to each other.

In the drawings of FIG. 2-24 show embodiments of blocks 3-8.

Each of the blocks 3,4,5,6,7,8 has a protective embedded waterproof lining 18 on the inside of the block (Fig. 2,3,), which is firmly connected to the massif of concrete in the manufacture of blocks. Embodiments of the liner 18 are shown in FIG. 5, 5a, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. According to the invention, the lining 18 is made in the form of a pre-reinforced sheet blank of a waterproof material, for example, fiberglass based on vinyl epoxy resin, for example, 4.0 mm thick. The sheet of the embedded lining 18 has dimensions that provide the necessary coverage area by the lining of the inner surface of blocks 3-8, and a shape corresponding to the block. Figures 5a, 5b show sheets of a finished embedded liner 18 for a base unit 3 or a lock unit 8, in FIG. 6a, 6b - for near-base blocks 4.5 or for near-castle blocks 6.7. In this case, the reinforcement of the sheet blank can be performed both from profiles 19 (Fig. 5a, 6a, 7a), for example, Z-profile rails, for example, from plastic, and from individual elements, for example, metal crutches 20 (Fig. 5b 6b, 7b). The reinforcing elements 19 or 20 in the block create a spatial first reinforcing layer 18a (Fig. 23,24), equidistant to the inner surface of the blocks, which significantly increases the strength of the blocks and the strength of the lining in the concrete blocks.

In addition, in the manufacture of mortgage lining 18 to improve the subsequent adhesion of the concrete of the block with lining 18, an intermediate reinforcing layer 18b made of a material with a significantly developed outer surface that has good adhesion to concrete, for example, a layer of granite crushed stone with particle size, can be applied to it. 2-5 mm.

Blocks 3,4,5,6,7,8 at the lateral ends Za, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a 'have protruding contact planes 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c, 7c, 8c' (Fig. 8,8a) and at the lateral ends Zb, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b '- protruding contact planes Zd, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8d', respectively, on which the second docking devices are made, providing the connection of adjacent blocks to each other during formation ring elements. The second docking devices can be made in various ways. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 and 8a in the form of grooves 21 and 21a with a guide element 21b fixed in the groove 21a, for example, in the form of a rod.

In the drawings of FIG. 9,10,11,12 show variants of the base unit 3, made in plan in the form of an inverted isosceles trapezoid, symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the ring, and FIGS. 13, 14, 15, 16 show variants of the lock block 8, made in plan in the form isosceles trapezoid symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the ring.

The base unit 3 and the locking unit 8 have a front end 9 with a protruding plane 13, a rear end 10 with a protruding plane 14 with compensating spacers 15 fixed thereon, the embedded part 8a, the front docking devices 11 and the rear docking devices 12.

According to the invention, the side ends of blocks 3 and 8 are different: the side ends Za and Zb of the base unit 3 are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the block 3; the lateral ends 8a 'and 8b' of the lock block 8 lie on adjacent faces of the straight line trihedral prism, the longitudinal axis of which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the annular element 2.

In the drawings of FIG. 17,18,19 shows a variant of the right near base unit 4, made in plan in the form of a parallelogram, and in FIG. 20,21,22 shows a variant of the left circumcircular block 7, made in plan in the form of a parallelogram. Blocks 4 and 7 have a front end 9 with a protruding plane 13, a rear end 10 with a protruding contact plane 14 with compensating spacers 15 fixed thereon, a embedded part 8a, front docking devices 11 and rear docking devices 12.

However, according to the invention, the side end 4a of the right near base unit 4 (Figs. 17, 18, 19) adjacent to the side end Behind the base unit 3 in the ring element 2 (Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12) and the side end 4b a near-base unit 4 adjacent to the side end 7b of the left near-castle block 7 (Figs. 20,21,22) are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the blocks. The lateral ends of the left okolozamkovogo block 7 (Fig.20,21,22) are different: the lateral end 7b adjacent to the lateral end 4b of the right okolobazovogo block 4, is perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the block 7, and the lateral end 7a, which the left okolozamkovoy block 7 is adjacent to the side end 8d 'of the locking block 8, lies on one of the adjacent faces of a straight trihedral prism, the longitudinal axis of which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the annular element.

The left near base unit 5 (FIG. 4) is a mirror image of the right near base unit 4, the right near base block 6 (Figure 4) is a mirror image of the left near base unit 7.

On the drawings Fig.9,10.11 shows the options for reinforcing the base unit 3, Fig.13.14,15 shows the options for reinforcing the castle block 8, Fig.17,18 shows the options for reinforcing the right base unit 4, Fig.21,21 shows the options for reinforcing of the left peri-castle block 6, in FIG. 23 and 24 show longitudinal sections of these blocks with various reinforcement options.

The presented options for reinforcing blocks 3,8,4 and 6, according to the invention, contain a first reinforcing layer 18a, previously made in the mortgage lining 18 with metal crutches 20 (Fig. 9,10,13,14,20,21,24) or Z- figurative plastic profile 19 (Figs. 9,11,13,15,17,23) and in the manufacture of blocks monolithic in concrete block. In addition, these blocks contain a second reinforcing layer in the form of spatial rigid reinforcing frames formed by fastened together, for example, by welding, longitudinal rectilinear 21 and transverse curvilinear 22 and transverse rectilinear 23 reinforcing elements, for example, metal rods. Moreover, these reinforcing elements form frames in which the inner curved layers are placed equidistant to the outer and inner surfaces of the blocks. In addition, according to the invention, the embedded part 8a in the blocks is also reinforced, for example, by means of a metal spiral 8b with antennae 8c placed inside the specified rigid spatial frame around the embedded part 8a (Figs. 9,13,20,23,24). In the drawings Fig.lODl, 12,14D5D6D8D9,21,22 shows blocks 3-8 in front, back and top with O-rings 16 and 17 located on the blocks around the perimeter.

Blocks 3-8 can be made using bench technology from heavy concrete with reinforcing hot rolled and cold reinforced reinforcement. Molds for the manufacture of blocks are performed with detachable sides and covers, while the forms have an upwardly convex pallet, the configuration of which corresponds to the desired configuration of the inner surface of the block, and sides adapted to fix embedded elements and form front, rear and side ends and protruding contact planes on them .

A prefabricated protective lining is first laid on the convex pallet of the mold.

The lining is made of a waterproof material, for example, a fiberglass sheet based on vinyl epoxy resin, for example, 4.0 mm thick. In this case, the sheet of the embedded lining has dimensions that provide the necessary coverage area of the lining of the inner surface of blocks 3-8, and the shape corresponding to the block. The sheet blank is reinforced by fixing the first reinforcing elements on it, for example, profiles placed at a distance from each other, for example, Z-profile rails, for example, made of plastic, or individual reinforcing elements, for example, metal crutches, as described above. The reinforcing elements of the protective lining create a reinforcing layer, equidistant to the inner surface of the blocks, which significantly increases the strength of the blocks and the strength of the lining in concrete blocks.

In addition, in the manufacture of embedded linings to improve the subsequent adhesion of concrete blocks with lining on the sheet of waterproof material can be applied an intermediate reinforcing layer made of a material with a significantly developed outer surface with good adhesion to concrete, for example, a layer of granite crushed stone with a particle size of 2 -5 mm.

Then, a finished rigid spatial frame is placed in the mold, previously made of metal rods placed in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Bending of metal rods is carried out using conductors, the connection of the reinforcing elements is carried out by spot welding. Before laying the frame in the form in the nodes of the frame, fixators of the protective layer, for example, concrete balls, provide a distance between the spatial frame and the outer surfaces of the blocks.

In the center of the form inside the specified spatial frame fasten the embedded part for slinging the block. For example, the embedded part is screwed onto the rubber spindle through an adapter with a threaded thread until it stops in the mold tray. Then, on the embedded part, a reinforcing element is placed - a metal spiral with two ends located in opposite directions.

Then, ¹ plastic dowels (4 pieces) are screwed onto the metal dowel holders, screwed completely into the longitudinal sides of the mold to form cavities for accommodating the first docking devices, for example, as described above. Close the longitudinal sides and end walls of the form.

Each mold is equipped with two pneumatic vibrators. Before turning on the vibrators, the mold must be filled with concrete so that the vibrators are completely covered with concrete.

A concrete paver is installed above the mold feed opening. Initially, the mold is filled with concrete mixture without vibrators. When the concrete mixture fills the open space of the mold, the vibrators are turned on at a low speed so that the concrete mix independently descends along the pallet of the mold to the end walls. Without turning off vibrators continue to feed the concrete mixture into the mold so that the newly arriving portions of the mixture have time to spread over the previously laid mixture to form a horizontal surface. The mold covers are closed.

The total duration of vibration should be 150-180 seconds. The last, small portion of the mixture is fed into the mold after it is filled to the upper level of the sides and the vibration is turned off.

After 30-40 minutes (depending on the mobility of the laid concrete mixture) the lids of the mold are opened, the surface of the block is leveled and smoothed. Then the mold covers are closed.

Registers, with the coolant circulating through them, are located under the forms and are constantly on.

At the end of molding and finishing, the mold is covered with a cover, for example, of tarpaulin, to create a heat circuit, and the product is heat treated at a temperature not exceeding 6O ⁰ C for at least 6 hours.

The stripping strength when removing the product from the mold should be at least 18 MPa.

Then the metal holders of the plastic dowels are removed and the longitudinal sides of the mold are opened.

A vacuum traverse-tilter mounted on an electric bridge crane is brought to the mold with the product, lowered to the surface of the block. They include a mechanism for taking air from the cavity between the surface of the product and the grips of the vacuum beam. Upon completion of the air sampling, the product is removed from the mold and turned over 180 °.

Next, the canted product is stored, covered from cooling and maintained for at least 2 days.

Compensating gaskets, for example, plates of wood-fiber boards, are glued to the protruding contact planes of the rear ends of the blocks. Then, rubber rings are placed on the front, side and rear ends of the blocks in the grooves around its perimeter; guide rods are inserted into the grooves on the side ends of the blocks. After that, the finished blocks are pasted with a self-adhesive protective sealing tape. The blocks for the ring element made in the described way are high-precision, the tolerances for the outer and inner diameter of the ring can be plus or minus 10.0 mm, for the thickness of the ring - plus 2.0 mm for the thickness of the lining blocks 200 mm, for the length of the arc of the block - plus- minus 1.0 mm, and at the same time they can be used for lining tunnels at a depth of on 6? 0 to 20.0 m from the surface of the earth to the husks of the tunnel.

When the shield is drilled, the load of 12 shield jacks on the lining of the tunnel is about 12,000 kN.

The prefabricated lining of the tunnel according to the invention is carried out by sequentially assembling on the shield the annular elements of the lining according to the invention from blocks with the installation of the base, near-base, near-castle and, finally, final locking element and connection of the side ends of adjacent blocks sequentially, ensuring waterproof joints of these blocks in the ring. Then, each subsequent ring element is rotated on the shield by an angle of 360 / n, for example, as in the above embodiment, by an angle of 30 °, and the front end of the previous ring element is connected to the rear end of the subsequent ring element using the first docking devices, for example, key type. Moreover, due to the tight joint of deformable seals, small gaps between the contact planes and between the protective lining of adjacent blocks, as well as compensation and distribution of loads on the ends of the ring elements, a tight joint of the said blocks according to the invention and the ring elements is ensured with each other with the formation of a waterproof prefabricated tunnel lining.

Thus, a waterproof prefabricated tunnel lining has been developed according to the invention, made of ring elements according to the invention, containing high-precision reinforced concrete blocks, provided with a waterproof protective lining, providing high strength of the lining with its small thickness and minimal possibility of deformation of concrete blocks at the joints of blocks and ring elements, and also high adhesion of waterproof protective lining to concrete blocks.

In addition, it is possible to pump cement, for example bentonite, mortar for prefabricated tunnel lining using multiple reliably fixed on the lining of technological equipment through holes in embedded parts, the opening of which can be carried out at the desired time with minimal deformation of the block, and additional technological operations for the secondary processing of the surfaces of the precast lining on the inside of the tunnel are excluded.

The prefabricated lining according to the invention provides a watertight lining at a groundwater level of up to 10 m above the tunnel hull.

In this case, the precast lining according to the invention allows tunneling both along a straight line generatrix and along a curved line with a radius of at least 300 m.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art of tunnel construction that refinements and improvements may be made to the design of the waterproof waterproof lining of the tunnel according to the invention, to the design of the ring element for it according to the invention and to the blocks of the ring element, not beyond the scope of the patent claims. For example, another design of docking devices, compensating gaskets, reinforcing frames and elements can be used.

Industrial applicability

Prefabricated waterproof lining of the tunnel according to the invention provides waterproof lining of the tunnel, is a high-tech, allows you to use it for the lining of sewer and drainage collectors. The blocks of the annular element according to the invention can be manufactured using known technological techniques, equipment, equipment and known materials. Installation of prefabricated waterproof lining of the tunnel according to the invention can be carried out using known equipment and well-known technological methods.

Claims

Claim 1. An annular element of a prefabricated waterproof tunnel lining, comprising interconnected blocks, each of which is made of concrete and has a convex outer surface and an opposing inner surface with a protective waterproof lining placed on the inner surface, firmly connected to the concrete mass, and at the same time each block: - the outer surface is connected to the inner surface of the front, rear and side ends; - the front and rear ends are equipped with front and rear docking devices, providing the connection of adjacent ring elements in the tunnel in the axial direction; the side ends are equipped with second docking devices, providing the connection of adjacent blocks to each other during the formation of the ring; and there is: - a seal is mounted on the block, placed around the perimeter of the block at the indicated front, rear and side ends, - a threaded hole adapted for slinging the block and configured to communicate the inner surface of the block with its outer surface, characterized in that: - waterproof protective lining (18) is made in the form of a embedded sheet of waterproof material pre-equipped with reinforcing elements fixed to the sheet (19,20) and monolithic in concrete block (3,4,5,6,7,8) in its manufacture; - at the front ends (9) and rear ends (10) of each block, protruding contact planes (13.14) are made, provided with front (11) and rear (12) docking devices uniformly distributed around the circumference of the ring element; - each block (3,4,5,6,7,8) contains compensating gaskets (15) on the protruding contact plane (14) of the rear end (10); - said seals (16.17) are placed near the outer and near the inner surfaces of each block (3,4,5,6,7,8); - the protective lining (18) covers the inner surface of the block with the formation on the front end (9), rear end (10) and side ends (3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a '; 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b , 8b ') a block (3,4,5,6,7,8) of grooves around the perimeter of the protective lining, adapted to accommodate seals (17); and each block (3,4,5,6,7,8) contains: - the first reinforcing elements (21,22,23), forming a rigid spatial frame, having concentric equidistant curvilinear layers interconnected in a radial direction distributed along the block height (3,4,5,6,7,8), each of which is formed reinforcing elements (21,22,23) placed in a shared and transverse direction, interconnected in a layer; - second reinforcing elements (19,20), forming a second reinforcing layer (18a), equidistant to the inner surface of the blocks (3,4,5,6,7,8), one part of which is placed in height in the said protective lining (18), and the other part is located inside the specified spatial frame; - third reinforcing elements (8a, 8c), forming a reinforcing frame of the specified holes, located inside the specified spatial frame. 2. An annular element according to claim 1, characterized in that the front (11) and rear (12) docking devices are made in the same quantity at the rear (10) and front (9) ends of each block (3,4,5,6, 7.8) opposite each other and at the same time placed on the rear and, accordingly, on the front side of the annular element in a circle with a step between them equal to 360 / n degrees, where n is the number of front (11) or rear (12) docking devices on one side of the annular element. 3. An annular element according to claim 1, characterized in that the second reinforcing elements (19) of the lower reinforcing layer (18a) are in the form of z-profile rails placed on the sheet of the embedded protective lining, the lower strip pre-fixed on the outer surface of the embedded protective lining ( eighteen). 4. An annular element according to claim 1, characterized in that the second reinforcing elements (20) of the lower reinforcing layer (18a) are made of metal, placed at a distance from each other and have the form of erect crutches with a horizontal support bar previously fixed on the outer surface of the mortgage protective lining sheet (18). 5. An annular element according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof protective lining (18) is made in the form of a embedded sheet of waterproof material, additionally containing an intermediate reinforcing layer (18b) made of material particles with a developed outer surface fixed to the sheet. 6. An annular element according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate reinforcing layer (18b) is made of crushed granite with a particle size of 2-5 mm. 7. An annular element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made by connecting said blocks (3,4,5,6,7,8) in a cylindrical ring, made with different spatial configurations and including: - a base unit (3) having in plan a configuration of an inverted isosceles trapezoid, - castle block (8), having in plan a configuration of an isosceles trapezoid; - the right (4) and left (5) near-base units having a parallelogram configuration in plan and adjacent one of the side ends to the side end of the specified base unit (3), respectively, on the right or left side, - the right (6) and left (7) circum-castle blocks, having a parallelogram configuration in plan and adjacent one of the side ends to the side end, respectively, of the indicated right (4) or left (5) near-base unit, respectively, with the right or left side, and the other side end face to, respectively, the left or right side end face of the lock block (8). 8. An annular element according to claim 7, characterized in that the lateral ends of the base unit (3) and the first side ends of the near base units (4,5) and the second side ends of the near base units (4,5) and mating with them in the ring, and the lateral ends of the circum-castle blocks (6.7) mating with them in the ring are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the blocks (3,4,5,6,7). 9. An annular element according to claim 7, characterized in that the lateral ends of the right (6) and left (7) circumlock blocks and the lateral ends of the lock block (8) mating with them lie on adjacent faces of a straight trihedral prism, the longitudinal axis of which perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the annular element. 10. Prefabricated waterproof lining of the tunnel, containing interconnected pre-formed annular elements, each of which contains interconnected reinforced concrete blocks having a protective waterproof lining on the inner surface of each block, the edges of which are placed in grooves on the front, rear and side ends of the reinforced concrete blocks characterized in that it contains preformed ring elements (2.2a) according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. The prefabricated lining of claim 10, characterized in that at the rear end of each subsequent ring element, the joints of the base unit (3), right (4) and left (5) near base units, right (6) and left (7) near castle blocks and the lock block (8) are circumferentially offset by an angle of 360 / n degrees, where n is the number of front (11) or rear (12) docking devices on one side of the ring element.