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WO2009135485A2 - Dispositif de transformation d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de transformation d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009135485A2
WO2009135485A2 PCT/DE2009/000657 DE2009000657W WO2009135485A2 WO 2009135485 A2 WO2009135485 A2 WO 2009135485A2 DE 2009000657 W DE2009000657 W DE 2009000657W WO 2009135485 A2 WO2009135485 A2 WO 2009135485A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
hydrogen
energy
compressor
oxygen
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2009/000657
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009135485A9 (fr
WO2009135485A3 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE112009001670T priority Critical patent/DE112009001670A5/de
Publication of WO2009135485A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009135485A2/fr
Publication of WO2009135485A9 publication Critical patent/WO2009135485A9/fr
Publication of WO2009135485A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009135485A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators

Definitions

  • the invention deals with the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, in particular the generation of electricity by solar energy through a thermoelectric cycle.
  • thermoelectric converter sodium or potassium is converted into vapor form by supplying heat, and a pressure is built up which results in a flow of ions across a solid electrolyte toward the low pressure compartment where condensation occurs.
  • oxidation and reduction at the two electrodes of the ceramic electrolyte a current is generated.
  • the metals are relatively corrosive.
  • the converter due to the high boiling point of the metals, must be operated at high temperatures, which also includes a high lower temperature level, and thus leads to a relatively low efficiency in terms of the Carnot process. Furthermore, the limited conductivity of the ion conductors in this case poses a problem.
  • Robert, E. US 4,677,038, 1987
  • a cell produces a pressure gradient by supplying current by transporting a gas through an electrolyte in ionized form associated with reduction and oxidation.
  • a second cell is operated at a high temperature and uses the established gradient to generate electricity.
  • the aim of the present invention is a device which enables an efficient generation of electric power from heat by the simplest possible means.
  • the generation of electrical energy from solar radiation with a high efficiency is the aim of the invention.
  • the mechanical compression takes place with dissipation of heat by liquid or gas cooling at a low temperature.
  • a concentration cell consisting of a solid ion conductor is operated while supplying heat.
  • the electrolyte forms a boundary between the room with high and the space with lower partial pressure.
  • At the electrolyte electrodes are each attached to the surfaces which face the two rooms.
  • This electrochemical concentration cell generates electric energy by supplying heat at a high temperature level by an ion flux caused by the partial pressure difference.
  • the heat of the hydrogen or oxygen removed from the cell in the low pressure chamber is used to heat the compressed hydrogen or oxygen supplied in the high pressure chamber of the cell.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that in comparison to the pure mechanical heat engine no moving parts are exposed to high temperatures. Furthermore, the process runs continuously at high temperatures. Since, in contrast to the so-called Amtec converter, hydrogen or oxygen is used instead of alkali metals, there are advantages in terms of electrolyte properties, thermodynamics, phase change, corrosion and lifetime of the electrodes. Furthermore, the use of simple, available, but still efficient electromechanical components for compression, a potential for the reduction of costs compared to the construction of a partial pressure difference by electrolysis cells. Also when using effective electric machines and an intensive approximately isothermal cooling in the compression a very good Overall efficiency can be achieved and which can expect even better values compared to expensive polymer electrolyte cells. The invention thus forms a Georgiabuchung the proven simple mechanical principle of the Stirling engine, with the benefits of direct, known from fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion, which does not require moving parts at high temperature.
  • Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of the device shows
  • Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device, wherein solar heat is used to generate electricity
  • Fig. 3 shows the apparatus corresponding to the theoretical Ercisson cycle
  • the device according to the invention for the conversion of heat into electrical energy comprises a solid electrolyte, which gas-tightly separates two chambers 1, 2 in a closed system.
  • a pressure difference between the two spaces is generated within the system by a mechanical compressor 3.
  • electrodes 5, 6 are mounted.
  • the working gas 7, which is hydrogen or oxygen, or contains portions of hydrogen and oxygen, is ionized and can pass through the electrolyte 4 at high temperature.
  • the driving force of this process is the partial pressure difference on both sides.
  • the compressor 3 is operated by cooling 8 at a temperature T2 which is below the operating temperature Tl of the electrochemical concentration cell.
  • the process in the electrochemical cell is carried out with the supply of heat energy Q ⁇ i.
  • This step in the cycle corresponds to the isothermal expansion in a Stirling or exact Ericsson engine.
  • the heat of the gas 2, which leaves the electrochemical cell in the hot and relaxed state, is transferred in a heat exchanger 9 to the compressed gas 1, which is supplied to the cell.
  • This process corresponds to the internal isobaric heating and isobaric cooling in the Ericsson process.
  • the open circuit voltage of the cell is described by the equation according to Kernst:
  • No-load voltage R * Tl / z * F In (pl / p2)
  • the mechanical work of the compressor under isothermal conditions, at the lower temperature, corresponds to the amount of heat to be dissipated by the cooling.
  • An increase in the pressure difference leads to a higher cell voltage.
  • the current correlates with the amount of gas to be compressed and circulated through the electrolyte.
  • the electrochemical cell must be continuously supplied with thermal energy during operation.
  • the passage of the ions in the electrolyte from the high pressure side to the low partial pressure side corresponds to the isothermal expansion of the gas in the Stirling engine. In both cases, energy is supplied in the form of heat.
  • the use of yttrium-stabilized zirconia, which has high ionic conductivity, is useful.
  • the use of a variable in the speed electronic control of the electric motor of the compressor is given in claim 7. Whereby the electronics ideally also have the possibility to buffer the kinetic energy of the piston during its braking in capacitors and again to use for the acceleration.
  • the drive of the compressor by a linear motor has the advantage that no gear is necessary.
  • a linear motor is used in synchronous design.
  • the generation of a water vapor pressure in the system by the cooling water Numerous proton-conductive materials, such as yttrium-doped barium zirconate, which may contain small amounts of cerium oxide and are considered suitable, generally require some water vapor pressure in the environment to achieve conductivity. The cooling water with a corresponding temperature provides this vapor pressure.
  • a mechanical compressor 17 which is controlled by a synchronous linear motor 18, the working gas hydrogen is compressed from 0.5 bar to 30 bar.
  • the working frequency is about one stroke per second, which makes an ideal heat dissipation through the cooling water 19, which is sprayed into the piston chamber at a temperature of 30 ° C, possible.
  • the cooling water is then removed at about 40 ° and to a Cooling tower or similar circulates.
  • the cooling water also provides a corresponding vapor pressure in the system, which maintains the proton conductivity of the electrolyte.
  • Accumulator 19, 20 at ambient temperature are the compressor 17 upstream and downstream and take over a Windkesselfunktion.
  • the compressed hydrogen gas 18 is heated by a countercurrent heat exchanger 19, through the gas 2 (J flowing out of the cell at about 1000 ° C., likewise approximately 1000 ° C., whereby the hydrogen which is under low pressure cools down operated at a temperature of 1000 0 C.
  • the pressure difference leads to a flow of ionized gas particles over the electrolyte membrane 14 and thus to a voltage which can be dissipated and used via the electrodes 15 and current collector 16.
  • the compressor is controlled by a computer-controlled power electronics ⁇ This also has the task of the kinetic energy of the piston by electromagnetic braking and the loading of To buffer capacitors and to re-accelerate the piston.
  • the compressor piston can alternatively be driven by a flywheel with a flywheel and a conventional electric motor with reduction.
  • the invention can also be used to convert parabolic mirrored solar energy into electricity.
  • large power plants there is a central compression and cooling of the working gas. This can then be forwarded to numerous individual parabolic mirrors, which are equipped at the focal point with ceramic concentration cells for generating electricity.
  • the use of the invention in parabolic trough power plants is possible. In this case ideally an elongated shaped cell is used at the focal point. Because of the smaller concentration ratio in this case, the operation at slightly lower temperatures offers.
  • the present invention also enables the efficient use of heat of combustion of any kind.

Landscapes

  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de transformer de l'énergie thermique en énergie électrique. Une pile de concentration électrochimique est mise en oeuvre à haute température avec apport de chaleur. L'hydrogène et l'oxygène sont condensés à basse température au moyen d'un condensateur mécanique, puis sont transférés à la pile de concentration par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur thermique. La différence de pression partielle présente conduit à un flux d'ions qui crée un courant électrique pouvant être prélevé au niveau des électrodes. Une partie de l'énergie électrique permet de mettre en oeuvre le condensateur mécanique. Ce nouveau processus cyclique permet de réunir à la fois les avantages d'une pile à combustible et ceux d'un moteur Stirling.
PCT/DE2009/000657 2008-05-08 2009-05-08 Dispositif de transformation d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique Ceased WO2009135485A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112009001670T DE112009001670A5 (de) 2008-05-08 2009-05-08 Vorrichtung zur Wandlung von Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008022874.5 2008-05-08
DE102008022874 2008-05-08

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009135485A2 true WO2009135485A2 (fr) 2009-11-12
WO2009135485A9 WO2009135485A9 (fr) 2009-12-30
WO2009135485A3 WO2009135485A3 (fr) 2010-07-01

Family

ID=41137594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2009/000657 Ceased WO2009135485A2 (fr) 2008-05-08 2009-05-08 Dispositif de transformation d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112009001670A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009135485A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4677038A (en) * 1984-10-29 1987-06-30 Temple University Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Gas concentration cells for utilizing energy
US5492570A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-02-20 Thermacore, Inc. Hybrid thermal electric generator
US6949303B1 (en) * 2000-04-10 2005-09-27 Johnson Electro Mechanical Systems, Llc Electromechanical conversion system
US6899967B2 (en) * 2000-04-10 2005-05-31 Excellatron Solid State, Llc Electrochemical conversion system
CN1449590A (zh) * 2000-07-28 2003-10-15 约翰逊研究发展公司 约翰逊可反转发动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112009001670A5 (de) 2011-04-07
WO2009135485A9 (fr) 2009-12-30
WO2009135485A3 (fr) 2010-07-01

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